Simple carbohydrates have a general molecular formula that can be written as Cn(H2O)n, making them hydrates of carbons

The two non-superimposable mirror-image forms of a chiral molecule are called enantiomers.

Triose= 2 C’sTetrose= 4 C’sPentose=5 C’sHexose=6 C’s

Pyranose= 6 membered ring containing an oxygen atomFuranose=5 membered ring containing an oxygen atomIdentify the types of rxns that involve monosaccharides in solution.-reaction of the carbonyl group-reaction of the hydroxyl groups-reaction of the hemiacetal

Steps in converting a fisher projection to the pyranose form of a Haworth project1) Place the O atom in the upper right corner of a hexagon, and add the CH2OH group on

the first carbon counterclockwise from the O atom2) Place the anomeric carbon on the first carbon clockwise from the O atom3) Add the substituents at the remaining sterogenic centers clockwise around the ring

True statements describe an anomeric carbon-2 anomers may be formed when an intramolecular cyclization takes place to give a hemiacetal-the anomeric carbon is a stereogenic center formed when a monosaccharide forms a cyclic hemiacetal

Treatment of a monosasaccharide with an alcohol and HCL convert the hemiacetal into an acetal celled a glycoside

Certain monosaccharides, notably ketopentoses and ketohexoses, form give-membered rings, not six- membered rings, in solution

A monosaccharide that contains both a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group can undergo an intramolecular cyclization reaction to form a stable cyclic hemiacetal

Describe simple carbohydrates-are hydrates of carbon with the simple formula Cn(H2O)n-include sugars and starches

The compound formed by the reduction of an aldose is called an alditol

All disaccharides contain at least one acetal that forms part of the link between the two rings.

N-glycoside are formed when a monosaccharide is reacted with an amine in the presence of a mild acid.

Cellulose is an unbranched polymer composed of repeating glucose units joined buy a 1>4-beta-glyoside linkage.

The functional group in aldoses that is most easily oxidized is the aldehyde

A carbohydrate that contains three or more monosaccharides joined together is called polysaccharide

The OH groups of a cyclic monosacchride are converted to ester by treatment with either acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride in the presences of pyridine.

One of the structural features required for a sugar to be classified as a reducing sugar-hemiacetal

D- sugar the bottom OH on right side means the CH2OH drawn up L-sugar the bottom OH on left side means the CH2OH drawn down

Unlike cyclic hemiacetals, glycosides are acetals, and so they do not undergo mutarotation.

The carbonyl group of an aldose is reduced to a primary alcohol NaBH4. This alcohol is called an alditol

It is optically active if there is a plane of symmetry

Wohl degradation shortens an aldose chain, whereas Kiliani-Fischer synthesis lengthens it by one.

Wohl degradation shortens by cleavage of the C1-C2 bond