Name: Period: Cancer Epidemiology P-E-O Probe

(Predict – Explain – Observe)Predict

As we have learned, cancer is caused by mutations occurring in genes that make proteins that are involved in maintaining a healthy cell cycle. For this reason, cancer is described as a genetic disease.

Circle the statement below that you believe best describes the pattern of distribution of cancer in the human population around the world.

A. All cancers have the same pattern of occurrence in every country.

B. Cancers will have the same pattern of occurrence in economically developed countries, but different patterns in economically developing countries.

C. There will be no pattern regardless of economic status.

Explain

Describe your thinking behind your choice. Provide an explanation, with evidence from previous lessons, for your answer.

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Observe

You will be given data from the American Cancer Society on the distribution of cancer and cancer types around the world. As you analyze the data, look for trends and patterns. Write your observations below:

Observations – Identify up to 10 patterns based on evidence from the data sets.

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2

3

4

5

6

7

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10

List 3 things that surprised you as you reviewed the data:

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2

3

Review your original prediction and explanation. Does the data support what you predicted? Write a statement as to whether your prediction has been supported by the data or not and what you think this indicates about the causes of cancer.

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American Cancer Society: Global Cancer Facts & Figures(2011 Report)

Inside Cancer WebquestAdapted from a lesson shared on the Inside Cancer website.

Go to http://www.insidecancer.org/.

Review:

Click on “Hallmarks of Cancer” above.

1. What are the 6 “hallmarks of cancer” that a cell must have to become cancerous? Write one sentence describing each. The first one is done for you.

1. Uncontrolled Growth 2. 3.

Cancer cells grow without the signal to grow. They

also ignore signals to stop growing.

4. 5. 6.

Cancer Epidemiology

Click on “Causes and Prevention” above.

2. Label the pie chart at right. What percentage of cancers is inherited? What percentage is due to a person’s environment and lifestyle?

3. Label the pie chart at right. What percentage of cancers is inherited? What percentage is due to pollutants? What percentage is due to other elements in a person’s environment and lifestyle?

4. Cancer epidemiology: Lung Cancer_______ men per 100,000 men in the United States _______ women per 100,000 women in the United States

Another country that has high rates of lung cancer: ______________A country that has low rates of lung cancer: ____________________

Why? Environmental cause:

5. Cancer epidemiology: Breast Cancer_______ men per 100,000 men in the United States _______ women per 100,000 women in the United States Another country that has high rates of breast cancer: ______________________A country that has low rates of breast cancer: ____________________

Why? Environmental cause:

6. Cancer epidemiology: (you choose one) ____________________________ men per 100,000 men in the United States _______ women per 100,000 women in the United States Another country that has high rates of __________ cancer: __________________

A country that has low rates of ___________ cancer: ____________________

Why? Environmental cause:

Click on “smoking” in the menu to the left.

7. Smoking: Killers in Smoke: a. What do smoke particles (soot) do to the lung cilia?

b. How does this cause lung cancer?

Applying what You Have Learned

1. Different cancer types are found in different rates around the world. How can this be explained using the information you gathered?

2. Summarize the types of cancer causes you learned in this lesson. Which are the most common? Which are the least?

3. What type of cancer would a treatment center in Montgomery County be most likely to treat? Which type would they probably not treat? Use evidence to support your answer.

Putting It All Together

INFORMATION: According to the American Cancer Society’s Global Cancer Facts & Figures report published in 2011, external causes of cancers include tobacco, chemicals, radiation and infectious organisms; internal causes include inherited mutations, hormones and mutations from metabolism. Environmental factors such as viruses, sunlight, and chemicals interact with cells throughout our lives. The chance that an individual will develop cancer in response to a particular environmental agent depends on several interacting factors —how long and how often a person is exposed to a particular substance, his/her exposure to other agents, genetic factors, diet, lifestyle, health, age, and gender.

CLAIM: FACTORS SUCH AS ERRORS IN REPLICATION, MEIOSIS, AND ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED MUTATIONS CAUSE VARIATION.

TASK: Identify and describe additional evidence (data, information) to evaluate the given claim. Consider discussing inherited and environmental factors that affect variation and patters found in data.

Montgomery County Public SchoolsCommon Task – Inheritance and Variation of Traits