Section 2 Revolution and Civil War in EnglandAbsolutist Claims in England

-King James I-Divine Right Theorist-Tax and Confiscate Property at will -especially without permission of

Parliament

-King Charles I-Inherits the throne-Promotes a more Catholic Anglican

Church-especially on the Scots causing them to revolt

-“Short Parliament” (April - May 1640)-Parliament refuses to give money

-Charles disbands Parliament and funds himself-However struggles against the Scots

-“Long Parliament” 20 years-Charles reconvenes Parliament for money once again

-Parliament passes grievances against King-Makes government action nearly impossible

English Civil War Between The King and Parliament-Charles sends troops to arrest members of Parliament-Parliament and Charles Raise Armies-Cavaliers (Charles Forces) vs. Roundheads (Parliament Forces)

-New Model Army-Leadership of Oliver Cromwell-Victorious-King Charles I is captured and beheaded (Obviously

Ends Monarch)

Oliver Cromwell and Puritanical Absolutist Commonwealth -Military Dictatorship run by Cromwell (Lord Protector)-Dismissed Parliament-Dismissed Anglican Church for More Extreme Puritan

Protestantism-Governed by Puritan Values: ALL WORK AND NO PLAY!

-No Sports, Dancing, Drinking, Theater, Prostitution (SINS)

-Persecuted Catholics, especially Irish-Government Collapses with his death

The Restoration (Of the Monarch) 1660-Cromwell and his government are hated much worse than Monarchy was-Parliament and Monarch are restored

-Charles I son Charles II is crowned-Anglican Church is restored

2 Problems However1. What to do with the dissenters of Anglican Church?

a. Test Act- Puritans, Catholics, and other Dissenters lost right to vote, preach, assemble, and hold office. (DISENFRANCHISED)

2. Relationship between King and Parliament (Equal or who supersedes who)a. Charles II and Parliament dispute over money b. Cousin King Louis XIV gives Charles II money to Catholicize Englandc. James II inherits throne and goes even further

i. Suspends Parliament Laws such as Test Actsii. Has a Catholic Son, eventual heir to English Throne

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

-Parliament offers Monarch to James II’s Protestant daughter Mary and William of Orange

- Parliament approaches James II’s Protestant Daughter- Offers Her and William of Orange crown if they will come and take it

o They oblige and Charles flees to France***Marks a peaceful transition of 1 monarchy to another ******Creates a Constitutional Monarchy (Limited by constitution/legislative body) ******Parliament Chose the King***

1. Destroys Divine Right in England2. Parliament supersedes King- English Bill of Rights- List of Protections against King

o No Standing Armyo No Catholic inherits throneo Response to absolutist rule by Stuart Monarchs

Important Political Theorists inspired by the events in England at this timeTwo of the most well known are Thomas Hobbes and John Locke

Thomas Hobbes-Leviathan-Advocated Absolute Monarch

John Locke-Natural Rights-Government protects rights