Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1SUMMARYINTRODUCTIONOUTLINE OF EXODUSCHAPTER 1I. Israel in Egypt1. The old generation (Gen 46:8)2. Egyptian bondage (Gen 15:12-14; Acts 7:18-19)3. Male children destroyed (Acts 7:19; Heb 11:23)

CHAPTER 2II. Preparation for deliverance (Ex 2-4; Acts 7:20-38)1. Moses born and hid by faith (Heb 11:23-28)2. Moses revealed by faith: sister watching (Heb 11:23)3. Moses discovered: sister interposing — faith rewarded4. Moses named and adopted (Acts 7:21-22; Heb 11:24-26)5. Moses self-sent: failure (Acts 7:23-25; Heb 11:24-26)6. Moses flees by faith (Acts 7:29; Heb 11:27)7. Moses meets his wife (cp. Jacob's experience, Gen 29)8. Family of Moses (Ex 4:20,25; 18; Num 12:1)9. The God of Moses

CHAPTER 3Appearances of God

Eight Sacred MountainsThe Spirit World

10. Call and commission of Moses (Ex 3:14; 4:2,11,14,19,21; 6:10,13,28; 7:8)

11. First of eleven complaints by Moses (Ex 3:13; 4:1,10,13; 5:22; 6:12,30; 17:4; Num 11:10,21)

12. Complaint overcome13. Second of eleven complaints by Moses (Ex 3:11, refs.)14. Revelation and enlarged commission (Ex 3:1, refs.)

CHAPTER 415. Third of eleven complaints by Moses (Ex 3:11, refs.)16. Complaint overcome by miraculous commission (Ex 3:1, refs.)17. Fourth of eleven complaints by Moses (Ex 3:11, refs.)18. Complaint overcome19. Fifth of eleven complaints by Moses (Ex 3:11, refs.)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 220. Complaint overcome by granting Moses' final request21. Obedience of Moses22. Moses' call and commission renewed (Ex 3:1, refs.)23. Obedience of Moses24. Moses' call and commission renewed: results predicted (Ex

3:1, refs.)25. Circumcision separates Moses froms his family26. Moses and Aaron meet: Ex 4:14 fulfilled27. First spiritual revival in Israel through miracles

CHAPTER 5III. God's contest with Pharaoh (Ex 5:1-12:36; Ps 105:23-38;

Rom 9:14-23)1. First demand: Pharaoh hardened2. Second demand by God3. Pharaoh hardened: burdens of Israel increased

PARENTHETICAL: God's contest with Moses and Israel (Ex 5:19-7:9)1. First of twelve complaints of Israel (Ex 14:10; 15:24; 16:2;

17:2; 32:1; Num 11:1,4; 14:1; 16:41; 20:2; 21:5)2. Sixth of eleven complaints by Moses: God blamed (Ex

3:11, refs.)

CHAPTER 63. Complaint overcome: commission renewed (Ex 3:1, refs.)4. First of five rebellions of Israel (Num 14:1,44; 16:19,41)5. Moses' call and commission renewed (Ex 3:1, refs.)6. Seventh of eleven complaints by Moses (Ex 3:11, refs.)7. Complaint overcome: commission renewed (Ex 3:1, refs.)8. Sons of Reuben and Simeon (Gen 29:32-33)9. Sons of Levi (Gen 29:34; 1 Chron 6:1)10. Moses' commission renewed (Ex 3:1, refs.)11. Eighth of eleven complaints by Moses (Ex 3:11, refs.)

CHAPTER 7Plague 01 - Waters Turned to Blood

12. Complaint overcome: commission renewed (Ex 3:1, refs.)13. Obedience: age of Moses and Aaron when commissioned14. Final commission of Moses (Ex 3:1, refs.) God's contest

with Pharaoh resumed after the parenthesis of Ex 5:19-7:94. Third demand: first miracle

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 35. First actual contest of power between God and Satan6. Fourth demand by God7. Second miracle — first plague8. First miracle of the magicians — Pharaoh hardened

CHAPTER 8Plague 02 - Frogs

Plague 03 – Gnats / LicePlague 04 – Flies / Scarabs

9. Fifth demand by God10. Third miracle — second plague11. Second miracle of the magicians12. Pharaoh's plea for mercy (Ex 9:27; 10:16)13. Fourth miracle — Pharaoh hardened14. Fifth miracle — third plague15. The powerless magicians plead with Pharaoh16. Sixth demand by God17. Sixth miracle — fourth plague18. First compromise refused (cp. Ex 8:28; 10:8,24)19. Second compromise refused (Ex 8:25; 10:8,24)20. Seventh miracle — Pharaoh hardened

CHAPTER 9Plague 05 – Cattle diseased

Plague 06 – Boils on Man and BeastPlague 07 – Hail, Thunder and Fire

21. Seventh demand by God22. Eighth miracle — fifth Plague: Pharaoh hardened23. Ninth miracle — sixth plague: Pharaoh hardened24. Eighth demand by God25. Tenth miracle — seventh plague26. Pharaoh's plea for mercy (Ex 8:8; 10:16)27. Moses' prophecy of continued hardening of Pharaoh28. Eleventh miracle — Pharaoh hardened

CHAPTER 10Plague 08 - Locusts

Plague 09 - Darkness29. Ninth demand by God30. Third compromise refused (Ex 8:25,28; 10:8,24)31. Twelfth miracle — eighth plague

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 432. Pharaoh's plea for mercy (Ex 8:8; 9:27)33. Thirteenth miracle — Pharaoh hardened34. Fourteenth miracle — ninth plague35. Fourth compromise refused (Ex 8:25,28; 10:8)

CHAPTER 11Plague 10 – Death of the First born

36. Tenth plague foretold — Pharaoh hardened

CHAPTER 12

37. The passover instituted38. Purpose and symbolism of the Lord's passover39. Feast of unleavened bread instituted (Ex 13:3, refs.)40. Purpose and symbolism of the feast of unleavened bread (Ex

13:3)41. Passover law communicated to Israel and obeyed42. Fifteenth miracle — tenth plague43. Israel expelled from Egypt44. Preparation to leave45. The spoiling of EgyptTHE FIFTH DISPENSATION: Law — from Moses to Christ (Ex

12:38 — Matt 3:1; Luke 16:16)IV. Three month's journey to Sinai (Ex 12:37-19:2)1. Rameses to Succoth2. Length of the dispensation of Promise — Abraham to Moses:

430 years (Gal 3:17)3. Law of the passover

CHAPTER 13SanctificationExodus Route

Exodus Timing4. Sanctification of the firstborn unto God (Ex 13:11; 22:29;

34:19; Lev 27:26; Num 3:40; 8:16; 18:15; Deut 15:19; 26:1)5. Law of the feast of unleavened bread (Ex 12:15-20; 23:15;

34:18; Lev 23:6)6. Phylacteries a sign of obedience (Ex 14:14; Num 15:37; Deut

6:8; Matt 23:5)7. Law concerning the firstborn (Ex 13:1, refs.)8. Phylacteries a sign of obedience (Ex 13:8, refs.)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 59. Reason for God leading Israel through the wilderness10. Israel's vow to Joseph fulfilled (Gen 50:25; Josh 24:32; Heb

11:22)11. Journey from Succoth to Etham (Num 33:1-6)12. The guiding Presence (Ex 40:34; Num 9:15; 10:33; 2 Chron

7:3)

CHAPTER 1413. Journey from Etham to Migdol (Num 33:1-8)14. Prediction of Pharaoh's pursuit of Israel15. Pharaoh pursues Israel (Ex 14:3-4 fulfilled)16. Second of twelve complaints of Israel (Ex 5:19, refs.)17. God promises salvation18. Israel protected from Pharaoh: sixteenth miracle19. Red Sea divided and congealed: seventeenth miracle (Ex

15:8; cp. Josh 3:16-4:18; 2 Kings 2:1-15)20. Chariot wheels taken off by God: eighteenth miracle21. Red Sea turned from ice to water destroying the Egyptians:

nineteenth miracle (Ex 15:8)

CHAPTER 1522. Song of Moses (Rev 15:3)23. Song and dance of Miriam and the women24. Journey: Red Sea to Marah25. Third of twelve complaints of Israel (Ex 5:19, refs.)26. Waters healed: twentieth miracle (cp. 2 Kings 2:19-22)27. Ninth or Healing Covenant (see Fifteen Great Covenants of

Scripture ) 28. Journey: Marah to Elim

CHAPTER 16Sabbath

29. Journey: Elim to the wilderness of Sin30. Fourth of twelve complaints of Israel (Ex 5:19, refs.)31. Quail and manna promised32. Promise repeated to Israel: their murmurings rebuked33. Invitation to approach God34. God again promises quail and manna (Ex 16:6)35. Quail and manna given: twenty-first miracle (cp. Num 11:31)36. Law of gathering manna: the quantity for each person37. Law of manna broken: twenty-second miracle — worms38. Law of gathering manna: the time to gather

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 639. No worms: twenty-third miracle40. The law of manna broken41. Israel rebuked for sin42. Name and description of heavenly bread (John 6:22-59)43. Law of manna: the memorial Preservation of manna: twenty-

fourth miracle44. Forty years of miracles or 12,530 miracles

CHAPTER 17Sixteen Jehovah Titles

45. Journey: Wilderness of Sin to Rephidim46. Fifth of twelve complaints of Israel (Ex 5:19, refs.)47. Ninth of eleven complaints of Moses (Ex 3:11, refs.)48. Water from the Rock: twenty-fifth miracle (cp. Num 20:7; 1 Cor

10:4)49. First of five wars of Israel: Battle of Rephidim, Divine help:

twenty-sixth miracle (Num 14:41; 21:1,21; 25:16)50. New revelation of God

CHAPTER 1851. Moses re-united with his family at Rephidim52. Moses relates to Jethro the miracles of God53. Jethro worships God and feasts with elders of Israel54. Long court sessions55. Jethro advocates three changes

(1) Moses to save his strength (Num 11:17)(2) Universal teaching and knowledge of the law(3) Establishment of lower and higher courts (Deut 16:18;

17:8)56. Moses obeys Jethro (Num 11:10-25)

CHAPTER 1957. Journey: Rephidim to SinaiV. Tenth or Mosaic Covenant (Fifteen Great Covenants of

Scripture): fifty-five laws and commandments (Ex 19:3-24:18)

1. The Covenant proposed2. Moses relates the terms of the covenant: Israel promises to

obey (Ex 34:10)3. The proposed meeting of God with Israel4. Ten conditions of meeting with God (Ex 19:15)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 75. The conditions met6. The meeting with God7. Third ascent of Moses (note a, Ex 19:3)8. Third descent of Moses (note a, Ex 19:3)

CHAPTER 209. The Ten Commandments: sum of the whole contract (Ex 20:1-

17; Deut 5:6-21)(1) Law against polytheism (Ex 20:22; 22:20; Lev 19:4; Deut

5:7; 12:30; 13:6,13; 17:3)(2) Law against idolatry (Ex 22:20; 23:24; Lev 26:1; Deut 5:8;

12:29; Isa 2:20; 40:18)(3) Law against profanity (Ex 21:17; 22:28; Lev 18:21;

19:12,14; 24:10-16; Deut 5:11)(4) Law against sabbath breaking (Ex 23:12; 31:12; 34:21;

35:2; Lev 19:3,30; 23:3; 26:2; Deut 5:12)(5) Law against dishonoring parents (Ex 20:12)(6) Law against murder (Gen 9:6; Ex 21:12; Num 35:16,30;

Deut 5:16)(7) Law against adultery (Ex 22:16; Lev 18:20; Deut 5:18;

22:22)(8) Law against larceny (Ex 22:1; Lev 19:11; Deut 5:19)(9) Law against perjury (Ex 23:1; Lev 19:11; Deut 5:20; 19:15)(10) Law against covetousness (Ex 18:21; Deut 5:21)

10. Effect of God's presence (Deut 5:22-27)11. Two religious laws

(1) Against idolatry (Ex 20:4, refs.)(2) Law concerning altars

CHAPTER 21Death_Penalty_Sins

12. Ten civil laws concerning persons(1) Menservants(2) Maidservants and wives(3) Penalty for murder (Ex 20:13, refs.)(4) Penalty for parental dishonor (Ex 20:12, refs.)(5) Death for kidnapping (Deut 24:7)(6) Death for parental dishonor (Ex 20:12, refs.)(7) Assault and battery (Deut 25:11-12)(8) Injuries to servants (Ex 21:26)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 8(9) Injuries to pregnant women(10) Injuries to servants (Ex 21:20)

13. Seven civil laws concerning property(1) Penalties to owners of mean oxen(2) Penalty for carelessness

CHAPTER 22(3) Penalties for larceny (Ex 20:15)(4) Penalty for loss through spite work(5) Penalty for carelessness(6) Penalty for loss in trust(7) Penalty for loss of borrowed property

14. Sixteen civil laws concerning persons(1) Penalty for rape (Deut 22:28)(2) Death for witchcraft(3) Death for bestiality (Lev 18:23; 20:15-16; Deut 27:21)(4) Death for idolatry (Ex 20:4)(5) Penalty for oppression (Ex 23:9; Lev 19:13,33-34; Deut

10:19; 22:10; 24:14-15)(6) Law against charging interest to the poor (Deut 23:19)(7) Law against anarchy(8) Law of firstfruits and firstborn of man and beast(9) Law of personal holiness (Lev 11:44; 19:1; 20:7,25; 21:6,8)

CHAPTER 23Sabbath for the Land

FeastsHealing

(10) Law against perjury (Ex 20:16, refs.)(11) Law against following popular opinion(12) Law against favoring a poor man because he is poor(13) Law of love to enemies (Lev 19:17; Deut 23:6)(14) Law against injustice (Lev 19:35; Deut 16:19; 24:17)(15) Law against bribery (Ps 15:5; Isa 33:15-16)(16) Law against oppression (Ex 22:21, refs.)

15. Six religious’ laws(1) Law of the sabbatic year (Lev 25)(2) Law of the weekly sabbath (Ex 20:8-11, refs.)(3) Law against unfaithfulness to God (Ex 20:1, refs.)(4) Law of three national feasts (Ex 34:22; Lev 23)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 9(5) Law of assembly of males (Ex 34:23; Deut 16:16)(6) Law of the offerings (Lev 1:1-6:7)

16. Four laws of conquest (Num 31:17, refs.)(1) Law of obedience to God(2) Law against idolatry (Ex 20:4, refs.)(3) Law of service to God: fourteen blessings of obedience(4) Law of separation (Lev 19:19; Deut 7:1-5; 22:9)

CHAPTER 2417. Sealing of the tenth or Mosaic Covenant (see Fifteen Great

Covenants of Scripture ) (1) By worship(2) By promise and monuments (Deut 27; Josh 8:30)(3) By blood and promise(4) By banquet with God: fifth ascent and descent of Moses

(note a, Ex 19:3)(5) Sixth ascent of Moses (note a, Ex 19:3, refs.): ascends to

get the law (Ex 31:18; 32:15)

CHAPTER 25VI. Commands to make the tabernacle and furniture (Ex 25-

27; Ex 30:1-31:11; Heb 9)Tabernacle Overview

1. The materials (Ex 35:4-29)2. Patterns for the tabernacle and furniture (Heb 8:5)3. The ark (Ex 37:1-5)4. The mercy seat (Ex 37:6-9)5. The table of showbread (Ex 37:10-16)6. Seven lamp golden candlestick (Ex 37:17-24)

CHAPTER 267. Ten linen curtains (Ex 36:8-13)8. Eleven goat hair curtains (Ex 36:14-18)9. Two coverings of ram and badger skins (Ex 36:19)10. Forty-eight boards: ninety-six silver sockets (Ex 36:20)11. Fifteen outside bars (Ex 36:31-32)12. The middle bar (Ex 36:33)13. Gold overlay for boards and bars (Ex 36:34)14. Inner veil: four pillars and four sockets (Ex 36:35-36)15. Placement of the tabernacle furniture (Heb 9:1-5)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1016. Outer veil: five pillars and five sockets (Ex 36:37-38)

CHAPTER 2717. Brazen altar: square, 7.5 ft. X 7.5 ft. and 4.5 ft. high (Ex 38:1-

7)18. Outer court, 150 ft. X 75 ft. X 7.5 ft. high (Ex 38:9-17)19. Court gate, 30 ft. (Ex 38:18)20. Outside court, 150 ft. X 75 ft. X 7.5 ft. high, the vessels, and

their materials21. Oil of the eternal light (Lev 24:1)

CHAPTER 28VII. Commands for the priesthood (Ex 28-29; 39:1-31; Lev 8-9;

16:4)1. Choice of the priests2. Special garments for Aaron (Ex 29:5-7; Lev 8:7-9; 16:4)

(1) Their kind(2) The ephod and its girdle (Ex 39:2-7)(3) The breastplate (Ex 39:8)(4) The Urim and Thummim(5) Robe of the ephod (Ex 39:22)(6) The holy crown (Ex 39:30)

3. Garments for the priests (Ex 39:27-29)

CHAPTER 294. Consecration of the priests (Ex 29; Lev 8-10)

(1) Their offerings (Lev 8:1-5)(2) Their cleansing (Lev 8:6)(3) Clothing and anointing of the high priest (Ps 133; Ex 28:4;

31:10; Lev 8:10,20)(4) Clothing of the priests (Lev 8:13)(5) Their sin offering (Lev 8:14-17)(6) Their peace offering (Lev 8:18-21)(7) Their consecration offering (Lev 8:22-26)(8) Their wave and heave offerings (Lev 2:10; 7:28; 8:27,31;

Num 15:17-21)(9) Final consecration rites(10) Duties of the priests: daily burnt offerings (Num 28:1-8)(11) Promise of God's glory and presence among His people:

fulfilled (Ex 40:34)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 11CHAPTER 30VIII. Further commands to make the tabernacle and furniture

(Ex 30:1-31:11; cp. Ex 25-27; Heb 9)1. The altar of incense (Ex 37:25)2. Atonement memorial money3. Laver of brass (Ex 38:8)4. Holy anointing oil (Ex 27:20)5. Holy incense (Ex 37:29)

CHAPTER 316. The anointed workers (Ex 35:30; 38:22)7. Sum of the work commandedIX. Laws and dealings of God (Ex 31:12-35:3)1. Weekly sabbath a sign of the Mosaic Covenant2. Commandments given to Moses, fulfilling Ex 24:12

CHAPTER 323. The covenant broken: sixth of twelve complaints of Israel (Ex

5:19, refs.)4. First of four times God determines to destroy Israel (Num

14:11; 16:20,44)5. First intercession of Moses (Ex 32:30; 33:12; 34:8; Num 14:13;

16:22)6. Sixth descent of Moses (Ex 19:21, refs.)7. Sin discovered: tables broken by Moses in anger (Deut 9:8)8. First punishment of Israel for idolatry at Sinai (Ex 32:25,33;

Deut 9:21)9. Aaron's excuse: golden calf came spontaneously10. Second punishment of Israel for idolatry at Sinai (Ex 32:20)11. Second intercession of Moses (Ex 32:11, refs.)12. Third punishment of Israel for idolatry at Sinai (Ex 32:20):

twenty-seventh miracleFirst of eleven plagues on Israel in the wilderness (Num

11:1,31; 12:10; 14:26,36-37; 16:31,34,44; 21:6; 25:1)

CHAPTER 3313. Command to resume the journey to Canaan14. Israel's new consecration15. Moses makes atonement for Israel in the tabernacle

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1216. Third intercession of Moses: new reconciliation effected (Ex

32:11, refs.)17. New revelation of God (cp. Ex 34:5)

CHAPTER 3418. Second tables of the law (Ex 31:18; 32:15-17; Deut 10): eighth

ascent into Sinai (Ex 19:20, refs.)19. New revelation of God (cp. Ex 33:18)20. Fourth intercession of Moses (Ex 32:11, refs.)21. Mosaic Covenant renewed: (Ex 34:10-35:3)

(1) Command to obey (Ex 19:7)(2) Laws of conquest renewed (Num 31:17, refs.)(3) Second commandment renewed (Ex 13:3, refs.)(4) Feast of unleavened bread renewed (Ex 13:3, refs.)(5) Law of the firstborn renewed (Ex 13:1, refs.)(6) Law of sabbath renewed (Ex 20:8, refs.)(7) Laws concerning annual feasts renewed (Ex 23:14; Lev

23)(8) Law of assembly of males (Ex 23:17; Deut 16:16)(9) Promise of protection from invasion during assemblies(10) Four other laws renewed (Ex 12:15; 22:29; 23:18)(11) Ten commandments renewed (Ex 20:1-17; Deut 5:6-21)(12) Eighth descent of Moses from Sinai (note a, Ex 19:3,

refs.)(13) Mosaic Covenant glory: twenty-eighth miracle (2 Cor 3:6-

15)

CHAPTER 35(14) Sabbath again commanded (Ex 20:8; 31:12; 34:21)

X. Construction of the tabernacle and furniture (Ex 35:4-38:31)

1. Materials commanded (Ex 25:1-9)2. Command obeyed: materials brought in abundance3. The anointed workers (Ex 31:1; 38:22)

CHAPTER 364. Materials delivered to the workers in abundance5. People restrained from giving6. Ten linen curtains (Ex 26:1-6)7. Eleven goat hair curtains (Ex 26:7-13)8. Two coverings of ram and badger skins (Ex 26:14)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 139. Forty-eight boards and ninety-six silver sockets (Ex 26:15)10. Fifteen outside bars (Ex 26:26-27)11. Middle bar (Ex 26:28)12. Gold overlay for boards and bars (Ex 26:29-30)13. Inner veil: four pillars (Ex 26:31-32)14. Outer veil: five pillars (Ex 26:36-37)

CHAPTER 3715. The ark (Ex 25:1-16)16. Mercy seat (Ex 25:17)17. Table of showbread (Ex 25:23-30)18. Seven-lamp golden candlestick (Ex 25:31-40)19. Incense altar (Ex 30:1)20. Holy anointing oil (Ex 30:22-23)

CHAPTER 3821. Brazen altar (Ex 27:1)22. Laver of brass (Ex 30:17)23. Outer court (Ex 27:9-15)24. Court gate (Ex 27:16)25. Sum of the tabernacle

(1) Chief overseers(2) Gold: $850,542.35(3) Silver: $193,136.00(4) Brass: $4,212.60

CHAPTER 39XI. Making the priestly garments (Ex 39:1-31)1. Materials (Ex 28:5)2. The ephod (Ex 28:6-14)3. Breastplate (Ex 28:15)4. Robe of the ephod (Ex 28:31)5. Garments for the priests6. Holy Crown (Ex 28:36)XII. Summary of the tabernacle and priesthood (Ex 39:32-

40:38)1. Tabernacle completed2. Tabernacle and its furniture brought to Moses3. The court and its furniture brought to Moses4. Priest's garments and service cloths brought to Moses

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 145. All work approved by Moses

CHAPTER 406. Command to set up the tabernacle

(1) Date of erection(2) The tabernacle and its furniture(3) The court of the tabernacle and its furniture

7. Anointing the tabernacle8. Consecration of the priests (Ex 29:1-27)9. Tabernacle set up

(1) Date of erection(2) The tabernacle erected(3) Placing the ark, the only piece of furniture, in the most holy

place (Ex 26:33-34)(4) Placing the three pieces of furniture in the Holy Place(5) The court of the tabernacle erected and its two pieces of

furniture placed10. The glory appears and remains on the tabernacle (Ex 13:21)

Bibliography

2713 Commands in the Law of Moses

Made According to Pattern – Tabernacle C W SlemingThese are the Garments – C W SlemingThus Shalt thou Serve – C W Sleming

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 15

SUMMARY OF EXODUSDate and Place: Written as part of the law during the eleven

months at Mt. Sinai — about 1688 B.C.

Author: Largely Moses, the lawgiver and leader of Israel during the exodus and the wilderness wanderings.

Theme: The Pentateuch was originally one book, written on one scroll, called Ha-Towrah (OT:8451), "The Law," and Cepher (OT:5612) Exodus tells of the exodus from Egypt, the giving of the law, the establishment of the priesthood, and the building of the tabernacle.

Statistics: 2nd book of the Bible; 40 chapters; 1,213 verses; 32,692 words;

1,089 verses of history; 129 verses of fulfilled prophecy; 2 verses of unfulfilled prophecy;58 questions.

827 commands; 240 predictions; 28 promises; and 35 of 42 miracles by Moses.

Exodus has 73 separate messages from God (Ex 3:12,14; 4:2,4,6,7,11,14,19,21,27; 5:1; 6:1,10,13; 7:1,8,14; 8:1,5,16,20; 9:1,8,13,22; 10:1,12,21; 11:1,9; 12:1,43; 13:1; 14:1,15,26; 16:4,11,28,32; 17:5,14; 19:3,9,10,20,21,24; 20:1; 23:20; 24:1,12; 25:1; 30:11,17,22,34; 31:1,12; 32:7,9,33; 33:1,11,14,17,19; 34:1,5,9,27; 40:1);

Exodus - IntroductionWhat is the greatest thing that God has done?

“creation”? Genesis, some Psalms, a couple of chapters in Job, Isaiah, etc. are devoted to the topic of creation

“redemption”! Revelation, Joshua, Ruth, etc., and also, in an anticipatory sense, Exodus.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 16It is hard to find an Old Testament book that has more prophecies than the Book of Exodus.

For example, Moses finds the burning acacia bush, which has thorns but which was not consumed by the fire.

Later, Jesus bears a crown of thorns. Thorns being a symbol of the curse—sin.

The flame being the Hands of the Living God. The bush was not consumed by the fire, a model of grace.

The plagues of Egypt, the role of the firstborn, the Feast of Passover, and the Tabernacle, all speak of one thing: Jesus Christ!

Every detail is engineered by the Holy Spirit and has a significance beyond the event.

Psa 119:162 I rejoice at Your word As one who finds great treasure.

Rom 15:4 “Whatsoever things ...were written for our learning.”

Genesis, as the book of “beginnings,” doctrinally focuses on “election”:

Shem was elected out of the sons of Noah, Abraham was God’s choice Isaac (over Ishmael), Jacob (over Esau), Joseph (among 12 tribes), Ephraim (over Manasseh).

Gen 48:13-20, 2 Thess 2:13.Exodus deals with redemption, Leviticus deals with worship, Numbers deals with the walk, and Deuteronomy deals with warfare during the wilderness.

Exodus: A Brief OutlineChapters 1-6: Our need for redemption, our enslavement, Israel

enslaved to Egypt, as we are enslaved to sin.

Chapters 7-11: God’s might and His ability to perform the redemption (through the plagues).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 17God specifically engineers things to show His might.

Chapters 12-18: The character of redemption, the blood purchase, is actually ordained in Eden.

In Exodus it is established in the regulatory sense.

Many of the practices ordained in Eden were re-established here in Exodus.

Chapters 19-24: The duty which redemption implies is obedience.

Chapters 25-40: His provisions for our failures: the Tabernacle.

The Tabernacle was established for Israel as a recognition that they would stumble.

It was the place for the cleansing and the reestablishment for fellowship, just as Jesus is our Tabernacle.

The Number Two is prominent in Exodus.

The number two means several things, usually implying a difference or a division;

e.g., in Genesis, on the second day God divided the waters.

The number two can also represent witness as when two agree;

We will see all kinds of witnesses in the Book of Exodus (Moses and Aaron, Passover night, wilderness, and the Tabernacle).

The number two also implies two things in opposition to one another; that is in the sense of contrast to one another.

Cain and Abel, Jacob and Esau, Moses and Aaron, David and Solomon.

The enemies: Pharaoh and the taskmasters, Pharaoh’s two magicians (named in 2 Tim 3:8) and The Amalekites in the wilderness (Ex 17:8).

We will see the concept of dividing with Pharaoh, in the “dividing of the babes,” he literally orders a “division.”

We will find that the Lord with the plagues is “severing,” severing Israel from Egypt.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 18Plagues in Exo 8:22,23; Cattle in Exo 9:4; Red Sea in Exo 14:21; The Veil designed to divide in Exo 26:33.

Types: Redemption by ChristExodus is a prophetic model in a much broader sense.

There really was a Pharaoh, they were really in bondage.

In a mystical sense, and in a rhetorical sense, the Holy Spirit will use this situation to speak to us about a number of different things.

Israel, God’s chosen people, find themselves in bondage to sin, they are located in Egypt

Egypt becomes a type or a model of the world, where we were before grace.

Pharaoh is cast in the role or the model of the enemy, the Adversary, Satan.

We will see Moses as God’s appointed deliverer who brings them out of there.

The bondage and the affliction they experience in Exodus is not the worst that they will ever see (Mt 24:21-22).

Contrast Genesis and ExodusGenesis ExodusFamily Nation BornAbraham (few) MillionsWelcomed & honored in Egypt Feared & hated in EgyptPharaoh knows God (41:39) Knew not the Lord (5:2)Lamb promised (22:8) Lamb slain (12)Entry to Egypt Exodus from EgyptLand of milk & honey WildernessJoseph in a coffin Glory of the Lord = Tabernacle

TypesA type, or model, is a representation for a particular purpose. In the Scriptures there are models, or types—ideas introduced for the specific purpose of teaching us something broader.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 19Israel = ourselves (our predicament and response)Egypt = the world (where we are before grace)Pharaoh = Adversary (ruler of this world)Bondage = sinDeliverer, Moses = type of Christ

(foreknown, slaughter of babes, called to deliver his people,

Midian priest with 7 daughters,...)Passover = Role as the Believer (Lamb of God)

Deliverance from the yoke of bondage

Types of ChristMosesBurning BushPassover LambCrossing of the Red Sea (life to some ...)Manna (Bread of Life)Smitten RockTabernacle

Prophetic ImplicationsWe can look at the Israelites in the Tribulation, Pharaoh being the Antichrist.

The groanings and cryings more intense, the plagues more fearful (on the world).

The two witnesses with signs and wonders being rejected.

Satan’s emissaries using magic.

The remnant in the wilderness and the deliverance.

There is a greater Exodus to come!

Documentary HypothesisExodus is one of the five books of Moses, part of the Torah or Pentateuch.

The “Documentary hypothesis” attempts to ascribe the five books of Moses as written by other people.

They note certain distinguishing marks in the text and they sorted out different styles.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 20Certainly parts could not have been written and transmitted by Moses. The Torah contains the account of Moses departure.

The best commentary on the Scripture is the Scripture itself!

The Documentary Hypothesis is not only unscholarly and an anathema to a fundamental Believer in Jesus because it creates doubt where you don’t need doubt.

Jesus Christ quoted from each of the five books of Moses and attributed His quotes to Moses.

Why Did God Allow...Why did God allow them to be so cruelly treated?

One answer would be to prepare them for their inheritance, they went in as a family and came out as a nation.

God’s program was laid out long before there even was a Joseph to take them there in the first place!

In Gen 15:16, God told Abraham. (Amorites iniquity not full, see Mt 23:32; 1 Thes 2:16.)

What Man Sows, So Shall He ReapGal 6:7 Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a

man sows, that he will also reap. 8 For he who sows to his flesh will of the flesh reap corruption, but he who sows to the Spirit will of the Spirit reap everlasting life.

Joseph’s brothers were to be punished for their treatment of Joseph, to the third and fourth generation, Gen 15:7-17.

Christ was delivered to the Gentiles,

Israel has also been delivered to the Gentiles by the Diaspora.

Christ was “cut off,” Israel was also cut off in 70 A.D.

EgyptGen 2:16-17 NKJV And the LORD God commanded the man,

saying, "Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat; 17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die."

Remember the promise that Satan as the serpent gave Eve,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 21Gen 3:5 For God knows that in the day you eat of it your eyes

will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil."

Eat this fruit and you will be your own gods – You will be deciding for yourself what is right and wrong. You are going to worship yourselves.

Man still thinks he knows and decides right and wrong.

One of the follies of civilization is that man will extol his own achievements.

Egypt is the world.

Man-made achievements were very visible in Egypt.

The primary Egyptian contribution to literature is “The Book of The Dead.”

The whole concept of life was a past tense type of thing, their science and art focused on death, not life.

Their religion embalmed relics, they spoke of a life that “had been.”

Egypt deified its lusts and passions, which is the same for all of heathen worship.

All of this is in contrast to, God who said, “I Am the I Am, that was, that is, that will ever be.”

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 22Exodus 1 Genealogy1] Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which

came into Egypt; every man and his household came with Jacob.

[Now] "Now" (literally "And") connects this book to Genesis and records the fulfillment of Gen 15:13-16; Gen 46:3-4; Gen 50:24.

Both Leviticus and Numbers begin the same way, proving that the Pentateuch was originally one book.

[these are the names] Hebrew: we-’elleh (H428) shemowth (H8034), these are the names - the Hebrew title of the book.

The English title comes from the Greek Septuagint.

The Greek word exodos (G1841) means "going out" or "departure,"

The book records Israel’s departure from Egypt 35x.

It is the book of redemption (Exo 6:6; Exo 15:13); .

Christ’s work of redemption is called His exodus (decease, going out of the world; Luk 9:31).

[names] The names here are of those that "came into Egypt" and those that "came out of the loins of Jacob" (Exo 1:1, Exo 1:5) - the seventy souls in Gen 46:27.

[Jacob] (his old name) is used, which implies the worldly or flesh context.

Remember that “Jacob” means “supplanter.”When he is spoken of in a positive spiritual sense, his new name of “Israel” is used.

We entered bondage with our father, Adam (all children born outside Eden), they came into place of bondage with him.

2] Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,3] Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,4] Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 235] And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were

seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already.Gen 46:26-27 NKJV All the persons who went with Jacob to

Egypt, who came from his body, besides Jacob's sons' wives, were sixty-six persons in all. 27 And the sons of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt were two persons. All the persons of the house of Jacob who went to Egypt were seventy.

[out of his loins, besides Jacob’s sons’ wives]The 66 didn’t include Jacob, or Joseph and his 2 sons in Egypt, whereas the 70 did.

The 75 included the five grandsons of Joseph, sons of Manasseh and Ephraim.

In Act 7:14 Stephen quotes the Septuagint of Gen 46:20 where Machir, Gilead, Sutelaam, Taham, and Eden, sons of Manasseh and Ephraim are listed, making 75 souls.

In Gen 46:27 and Deu 10:22 there are 70 without the 5 sons of Manasseh and Ephraim.

[Joseph] See Gen 37:28-36; Genesis 39:1-50:26

6] And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.

[Joseph died] Gen 50:26 So Joseph died, being one hundred and ten years old; and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.

7] And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.

Estimated that 30 years had taken place.

Exo 12:40-41 NKJV Now the sojourn of the children of Israel who lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years. 41 And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years—on that very same day—it came to pass that all the armies of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.

The whole length of the Dispensation of Promise - Abraham to Moses - was 430 years (Exo 12:40; Gal 3:14-17).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 24The whole length of the sojourn in Canaan, Philistia, Egypt, and other countries, fulfilled 400 years from the time God spoke to Abraham in Gen 15:13, or 430 years from the departure from Haran of Gen 12:1-4.

The 400 years of Gen 15:13; Act 7:6 are to be reckoned from the confirmation of Isaac as the seed when Ishmael was cast out (Gen 21:12; Gal 4:30).

This was 5 years after the birth of Isaac.

The 430 years are reckoned from the departure of Abraham from Haran at the age of 75 years, 25 years before Isaac was born or 30 years before Isaac was confirmed and Ishmael cast out..

Israel was in the land of Egypt only 215 years or exactly half the period of the Dispensation of Promise.

Five Facts About Israel1. They were fruitful (Gen 17:6; Gen 26:22; Gen 28:3; Gen

35:11; Gen 41:52; Gen 48:4; Gen 49:22).2. They increased abundantly (Gen 30:43).3. They Multiplied (Gen 16:10; Gen 17:2; Gen 22:17; Gen 26:4,

Gen 26:24; Gen 28:3; Gen 35:11; Gen 47:27; Gen 48:4).4. They became mighty (Gen 18:18).5. The land was filled with them (Exo 1:7).

A New Pharaoh8] Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew

not Joseph.[arose up] quwm (H6965), stand up in place of another who is

removed (Dan 2:39).

[new king over Egypt] The founder of this new dynasty was the Assyrian of Isa 52:4 who conquered Egypt - perhaps Rameses II, whose son Meneptah would be the Pharaoh of the exodus.

[knew not Joseph] Joseph died 144 years before Israel left Egypt, 64 years before Moses was born.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 25The king who started enslaving Israel reigned during the last part of this 64 years, because when Moses was born his policy was in force (Exo 1:8-22; Exo 2:1-9).

It was his daughter that brought up Moses.

Another Non-Egyptian Pharaoh?Acts 7:18 “Til another king arose, who knew not Joseph.”

The Greek word for “another” has two different words “another of the same kind” (allos) “another of a different kind” (heteros).

Here Steven uses heteros in describing the new Pharaoh.

This Pharaoh was of a different race and dynasty.

Josephus also makes mention of this fact, who describes "the crown being come to another family."

It seems that he was the Assyrian of Isaiah 52:4.He became uncomfortable with the continuing growth of a non-Egyptian constituency in Goshen.

Being a conquering foreigner himself, rebellion was always a potential threat.

9] And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we:

Gen 46:3, “I will there make of thee a great nation.”

10] Come on, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fight against us, and so get them up out of the land.

Isaiah 52:4, “an Assyrian oppressed them.” (Not Egypt, which is “Mizraim”).

The new King over Egypt is there by conquest (or something) and not by blood; a foreigner on the throne.

Now reread verses 9 - 10. The Scripture is self-interpreting.

“Our Enemies”: Jn 15:18, 19; 1Th 2; Rev 12. Note Exo 1:9, 22.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 26[let us deal wisely with them] This policy was the opposite of

true wisdom and caused Egypt’s downfall.

He brought up, educated, and prepared the very man that did what he feared.

Compare Isa 19:11, Isa 19:13 and Psa 78:12-13.

Before the chapter is over, he will provide board, lodging and education to the very persons whom he is afraid of! (Cf. 1 Cor 3:19; 1:19).

11] Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses.

[taskmasters] sarey (H8269) miciym (H4522), "chiefs of tribute or works" Men of rank who allotted work and exacted tribute from Israel.

[afflict] ‛anah (H6031), to depress, afflict, chasten, abuse (Exo 1:11-12; Gen 15:13; Exo 3:7, Exo 3:17; Exo 4:31; Act 7:11, Act 7:34).

[treasure cities] Store cities or public granaries, and depots of war provisions. Compare 1Ki 9:19; 2Ch 8:4; 2Ch 32:28.

[Pithom] The city of the god Tum, called Patumos.

[Raamses] So called because it was built by Rameses II.

It was the capital of Goshen. Also called On and Heliopolis, the city of the Sun.

Israel resided in Goshen (Gen 47:6), the best part of the land.

12] But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel.

[grieved] Filled with alarm at their growth.

[But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew.] Persecution always strengthens a people, a nation, or a church.

Afflicted people find ways and means of resistance until they

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 27become strong enough to overthrow their tormentors.

Persecution has always caused the church to grow (Act 2:13, Act 2:41; Act 4:1-37; Act 5:1-42; Acts 7:54-8:3; Act 9:21).

Rome also discovered that the more they tried to crush this new religion (of the 1st century), the more it grew and spread. The church was healthier when it was being persecuted than it was when the Romans had the so-called ‘conversion’ in 312 AD.

13] And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour:

[rigor] perek (H6531), to break apart.

They were crushing and ferocious in their oppression of Israel, making their lives bitter (Exo 1:13-14).

Compare Lev 25:43, Lev 25:46, Lev 25:53.

14] And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

[hard bondage] Sevenfold Labor of the Israelites1. Digging the clay for making bricks2. Kneading clay to proper consistency3. Taking clay to brick molds4. Forming the bricks5. Drying them in the sun6. Carrying them to building places7. Building cities out of bricks

Orders to Kill Male Babies15] And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of

which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:

[midwives] Probably the head midwives in Israel, of an estimated 500 to 1,000 midwives total.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 28Obviously more than two midwives, but here only two are singled out.

“Shiphrah” means “glisten.”“Puah” means “brilliance, glitter.”

16] And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

[stools] Either special birthstools or stone troughs in which to wash newborns.

[kill him] This was another attempt of Satan to destroy Israel’s males so that Messiah could not come to bruise his head.

Gen 3:15 And I will put enmity Between you and the woman, And between your seed and her Seed; He shall bruise your head, And you shall bruise His heel."

Rom 16:20 And the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.

17] But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.

[feared] They knew this was sin and would bring the death penalty.

Gen 9:6 NKJV "Whoever sheds man's blood, By man his blood shall be shed; For in the image of God He made man. 7 And as for you, be fruitful and multiply; Bring forth abundantly in the earth And multiply in it."

[God] ’Eth (H853) ha-’Elohiym (H430), emphatic for the true Gods of Israel.

1Jn 5:7 For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one.

[saved the men children alive] Permitted the sons of Israel to live. They did not kill them as they had been ordered to do.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2918] And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said

unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive?

19] And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them.

[the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively] Not a good way to endear yourself to the king. But, this was literally true, for both men and women in Israel performed hard labor "in the field" (Exo 1:14)While it was hard for the delicate Egyptian women to give birth, it was relatively easy for Hebrew women, who were strong and healthy. Many may not have needed a midwife.

20] Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.

[multiplied, and waxed very mighty] With God’s blessing the Hebrew women had safe and easy births and many healthy children. God fulfilled what He had promised Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob many times - to make their seed as innumerable as the sand, dust, and stars.

21] And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses.

[made them houses] God blessed their homes, gave them many children, and made their families great.

“Houses” = families. (1 Sam 2:30; 2 Sam 7:11; 1 Kgs 2:24.)

22] And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.

Pharaoh commanded that his people were commanded to kill all the Hebrew males, not their own sons.

Some versions read "born to the Hebrews," limiting the destruction of males to Israel, as in Exo 1:15-19.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 30

Exodus 2 The Birth of MosesMany scholars suggest that there is no other character (between Adam and Christ) such as Moses. Prophet + Priest + King.

Moses in ContrastsChild of slave becomes Son of QueenBorn in a hut Raised in PalaceInherited poverty Enjoyed ‘unlimited’ wealthLeader of Armies Keeper of flocksMightiest of Warriors Meekest of ManEducated at Court Dwelt in desertWisdom of Egypt Faith of ChildFitted for City Wandered in wildernessTempted by pleasures of sin Endured hardships of virtueBackward in speech Talked with GodRod of Shepherd Power of the InfiniteFugitive of Pharaoh Ambassador of HeavenGiver of Law Forerunner of GraceDied Alone: Mt Moab Appeared with Christ in JudeaNo man assisted at funeral God buried him. (Satan denied

his body?! Jude)

And if you have studied Revelation 11, it is my suggestion that you haven’t seen the last of him yet!

Born to the House of Levi1] And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took to

wife a daughter of Levi.[man of the house of Levi] Amram This was Amram who

married Jochebed and had Miriam, Aaron, and Moses (Exo 6:18-20; Exo 15:20-21; Num 12:1-16; Num 20:1; Num 26:59; Deu 24:9; 1Ch 6:3; Mic 6:4).

Amram was the son of Kohath who was born to Levi before he went to Egypt (Gen 46:11).

Both Amram and Jochebed were born in Egypt some time after the Israelites began the 215-year sojourn there (Num 26:59).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 31

2] And the woman conceived, and bare a son: and when she saw him that he was a goodly child, she hid him three months.

[bare a son] Her second son and third child (Exo 2:4; Exo 6:18-20; Exo 15:20-21; Num 12:1-16).

Moses was seventh from Abraham (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Levi, Kohath, Amram, Moses).

Abraham was seventh from Heber (Heber, Peleg, Reu, Serug, Nahor, Terah, Abraham; Gen 11:16-26).

Enoch was seventh from Adam (Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahaleel, Jared, Enoch; Gen 5:1-18; Jud 1:14).

[goodly] towb (H2896), beautiful; fair.

He was "exceeding fair" (Act 7:20; cp. Heb 11:23), so Pharaoh’s daughter wanted him (Exo 2:2, Exo 2:6).

[she hid him three months] The parents evidently had God’s word (Rom 10:17) which they believed (Heb 11:23) and obeyed, hiding the child for three months, then placing him where the princess of Egypt would see him (Exo 2:3-6).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 32Heb 11:23 By faith Moses, when he was born, was hidden

three months by his parents, because they saw he was a beautiful child; and they were not afraid of the king's command.

Rom 10:17 So then faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.

3] And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river’s brink.

One can draw the inference from the writings of Paul in Rom 10 and the writings of the book of Heb 11 that Moses’ parents put him in the basket by faith.

Not a blind faith, but a following of instructions kind of thing.

The inference that is unrecorded here were instructions to the parents to do exactly what they were told.

[ark] tebah (H8392), a box.

Used of Noah’s ark 26 times (Gen 6:14-9:18) and twice here (Exo 2:3, Exo 2:5).

Like Noah’s, it was made by divine command (Heb 11:23; Rom 10:17).

It was a small boat made from papyrus reeds that grow 10-15 feet high above the marsh water of the Nile.

The pith of the papyrus was used for food, and boats were made from the wood (Isa 18:2).

It was also used for paper (Isa 19:7).

Thousands of writings on papyri leaves have been found, dating back two to three thousand years.

Here it describes what we would call a basket.

1 Cor 1:19, “The foolishness of God is wiser then men.”

[flags] Another species of papyrus, smaller than the paper reed.

Contrary to reason, his parents took him to the place where the Hebrew babies babies were drowned (the river).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 33Act 7:20-21 NKJV At this time Moses was born, and was well

pleasing to God; and he was brought up in his father's house for three months. 21 But when he was set out, Pharaoh's daughter took him away and brought him up as her own son.

4] And his sister stood afar off, to wit what would be done to him.

[sister] Miriam, who was older than Aaron (Exo 7:7).

Daughter of Pharaoh5] And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself

at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river’s side; and when she saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it.

[wash herself at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river’s side] It was customary for Egyptian women of rank to bathe in public with their maids.

Pharaoh’s daughter not by “chance.”

Heb 2:10 NKJV For it was fitting for Him, for whom are all things and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.

Jer 10:23 NKJV O LORD, I know the way of man is not in himself; It is not in man who walks to direct his own steps.

Rom 8:28 NKJV And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.

We know from Josephus that Pharaoh’s daughter was probably “Thermutis” who had no other offspring; and by her adopting Moses, he was then heir to the throne!

We will discover that he refused the throne.

Used lawful means to avoid danger.

Christ did also (even knowing Father’s desire to preserve Him) (Luke 4:30; John 8:59).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 34Christ would often resort to normal means to avoid a confrontation, even though he knew that he would win a confrontation.

Note Acts 27:31 and Mark 5:43 where no miracles were necessary.

Civil authorities are to be defied when their actions are clearly contrary to the manifest expressed intention of God in a situation. (Rom 13; Dan 6:7-11; Acts 5:29).

6] And when she had opened it, she saw the child: and, behold, the babe wept. And she had compassion on him, and said, This is one of the Hebrews’ children.

[she had compassion on him] Her compassion defeated Satan, preserved a nation, fulfilled prophecy, and furthered God’s plan for the Seed of the woman (Gen 3:15; Gen 12:1-3; Gen 15:13-16; Gen 46:3-4; Gen 50:24).

7] Then said his sister to Pharaoh’s daughter, Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for thee?

God arranged it so that Moses’ own mother brought up the very child that was to defeat Pharaoh, and she was paid for it (Exo 2:9).

Moses’ parents evidently lived nearby, for his mother knew the habits and character of the princess, and placed Moses where she would find him.

8] And Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went and called the child’s mother.

9] And Pharaoh’s daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the woman took the child, and nursed it.

10] And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water.

[child grew] He may have been nearly five when fully weaned, as Isaac was (Gen 21:8; cp. Jdg 13:24; 1Sa 2:21, 1Sa 2:26;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 351Sa 3:19; Luk 1:80; Luk 2:40).

He was old enough to begin education as the son of Pharaoh’s daughter.

Act 7:21-22 NKJV But when he was set out, Pharaoh's daughter took him away and brought him up as her own son. 22 And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and deeds.

[Pharaoh’s daughter] Josephus gives her name as Thermuthis and says she adopted Moses to succeed her father as ruler of Egypt.

According to Josephus, Moses was put in command of the Egyptian war against the Ethiopians and conquered them completely.

[Moses] “Mosheh” similar to the word which means “to draw out of” comes from the same root word as in 2Sa 2:17 and Psa 18:16.

He is mentioned 813 times; his history is found in Exo 2:10-Deu 34:12.

God’s Hand was upon him to preserve him. God is able to preserve the elect through their unregeneracy!

Jude 1 (one of Jesus’ brothers according to Mt 13 and Mk 6) “sanctified, preserved and called”— note the order of these verbs (Rom 8:30; Jn 5:25).

Pharaoh’s own schemes thwarted

Job 5:13  He taketh the wise in their own craftiness: and the counsel of the froward is carried headlong.

1Co 3:19  For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness.

Pharaoh’s adversary is in his own household; he is providing his food, lodging, education...

The interval between verses Ex 2:10-11Act 7:22 And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the

Egyptians, and was mighty in words and deeds.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 36Heb 11:24-26 NKJV By faith Moses, when he became of

age, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter, 25 choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God than to enjoy the passing pleasures of sin, 26 esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt; for he looked to the reward.

Warfare of renunciation: refused to be son of Thermutis, successor to the throne (Heb 11:24).

Character of choice: voluntary election to be with Israel; informed choice.

Satisfaction he enjoyed: reproach of Christ greater than the treasures of Egypt. (Heb 11:24-26)

Motive: by faith (he must have heard, believed and obeyed!)

Object set before him: glory of Christ.

Moses is Grown11] And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was

grown, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren.

[when Moses was grown] Moses was 40 (Act 7:23-24).

He thought his brethren would understand that God had called him to deliver them, but it took 40 more years and many miracles to convince them (Exodus 4:1-12:51; Act 7:22-29).

The delay gave time for the rest of the last 215 years of Israel’s sojourn to be fulfilled.

12] And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no man, he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand.

Flesh is a heavy thing. Walking by sight rather than faith.

[he slew the Egyptian] The Egyptian might have killed the Hebrew, so Moses thought it proper to avenge him according to the law of Gen 9:6.

He hid the body in the sand and fled to Midian. (cp Is 28:16)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3713] And when he went out the second day, behold, two men

of the Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow?

The next day, (rumors run quickly) he interferes with some Hebrews quarreling.

[two men of the Hebrews strove together] It’s sad when men with a common foe fight each other.

14] And he said, Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely this thing is known.

15] Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: and he sat down by a well.

[Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh]Six Acts of Moses in Egypt1. He inspected slavery of brethren (Exo 2:11).2. He intervened to deliver a brother.3. He sought to unite his brethren (Exo 2:13).4. He misjudged his brethren (Act 7:25).5. He became afraid for his life (Exo 2:14; the "not fearing" of

Heb 11:27 refers to Exo 10:28-29).6. He fled from Pharaoh (Exo 2:15).

[Midian] It included the eastern coast of the Red Sea to the borders of Moab, and all the Arabian peninsula.

Midian was the fourth son of Abraham and Keturah (Gen 25:1-2).Moses ends up in Midian 40 years!!

(An interesting study is to see how many men of God where out “on the bench” for 40 years before they were called into service.)Another interesting study is to see how many people meet an important gal by a well! Elieazer (Gen 24);

Rebekah meets Isaac; Samaritan woman at the well Jn 4.

Priest of Midian and His Daughters

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3816] Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they

came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock.

[priest of Midian] Jethro (called Reuel in Exo 2:18, Raguel in Num 10:29, and Hobab in Jdg 4:11) was chief of a large tribe and exercised the priestly functions for his people, as did Melchizedek (Gen 14:1-24) and Job (Job 1:1-22).

Moses and Jethro had common knowledge of their ancestors and the traditions of Abraham’s family from whom both had descended - one through Isaac and the other through Midian (Gen 25:1-7).

Moses may have written Genesis and Job during this forty-year period.

[seven daughters] Jethro also had at least one son, Hobab (Num 10:29).

17] And the shepherds came and drove them away: but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock.

[drove them away] They drove Jethro’s flocks away so that they could use the water drawn by his daughters.

Moses’ help enabled them to go home sooner than usual

18] And when they came to Reuel their father, he said, How is it that ye are come so soon to day?

“Reuel” also noted as “Raguel” (and Jethro).

[ye are come so soon] This implies that the daughters had not told their father about the trouble they’d been having with the shepherds.

19] And they said, An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and also drew water enough for us, and watered the flock.

[Egyptian] Moses may have dressed and shaved as an Egyptian (Gen 41:14).

[shaved himself] Shaving was a disgrace in Palestine and many other Eastern nations, but a strict custom of Egyptians who detested long beards.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 39Joseph conformed to the prevailing custom and did all he could to be accepted by Pharaoh.

Hebrews shaved as a sign of mourning. Egyptians let their beards grow only when mourning and had a custom of using false beards of plaited hair and of different sizes, according to the rank of the wearer.

20] And he said unto his daughters, And where is he? why is it that ye have left the man? call him, that he may eat bread.

[that he may eat bread] It was the custom of eastern hospitality to care for strangers (cp. Heb 13:2).

Heb 13:2 Do not forget to entertain strangers, for by so doing some have unwittingly entertained angels.

21] And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter.

Seven Daughters, one of which is Moses’ gentile bride. Church?

[he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter] Marriage proposals usually came from the groom’s parents, but sometimes the custom was reversed, as here and in Jos 15:16-17; 1Sa 18:27.

[Zipporah] Zipporah was sent home after the experience at the inn (Exo 4:24-26), and reunited with Moses in the wilderness of Sinai (Exo 18:1-27).

Moses married a second with, an Ethiopian woman after Zipporah left him.Num 12:1 Then Miriam and Aaron spoke against

Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married; for he had married an Ethiopian woman.

22] And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land.

[Gershom] Gershom means "stranger." A number of MSS. follow this verse with, "And the name of the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 40second he called Eliezer, for the God of my father has been my help, and delivered me from the hand of Pharaoh."

These words are as necessary here as they are in Exo 18:4 to explain the "sons" mentioned in Exo 4:20.

23] And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage.

[it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died] The king who started the destruction of males in Israel was now dead, and his son (who later drowned in the Red Sea) was king. The events of Exodus 1:8-2:22 spanned over eighty years (Act 7:22-30).

During the last forty years, Moses was in training for the work of the next forty years.

[sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried ... God heard their groaning]Three Things that Israel Did in Egypt1. "Sighed." ’anach (H584), translated "sigh" (Exo 2:23; Isa

24:7; Lam 1:4, Lam 1:8, Lam 1:11, Lam 1:21; Eze 9:4; Eze 21:6-7) and "mourn" (Pro 29:2; Isa 51:11).

2. "Cried." za‛aq (H2199), "to shriek from anguish or danger" (Exo 2:23; Jdg 3:9, Jdg 3:15; Jdg 6:6-7; Jdg 10:10; 1Sa 4:13; 1Sa 5:10; 1Sa 7:9; 1Sa 12:8-10; 1Sa 28:12; 1Ch 5:20; 2Ch 18:31; 2Ch 32:20; Neh 9:4, Neh 9:28; Est 4:1; Psa 22:5; Psa 107:13; Psa 142:1, Psa 142:5; Isa 26:17; Isa 57:13; Jer 20:8; Jer 30:15; Eze 9:8; Eze 11:13; Hos 7:14; Jon 1:5; Zec 6:8).

3. "Groaned." ne’aqah (H5009) (Exo 2:24; Exo 6:5; Jdg 2:18; Eze 30:24).

The above scriptures show the Israelites’ anguish, pain, and sorrow under bondage. Psalm 88-89 might refer to this.

Such sufferings might have been necessary to make Israel willing to leave Egypt. As it was they were always longing to go back (Exo 16:3; Exo 17:3; Num 14:2-4).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 41[their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage] It is

not clear if Israel was really conscious of God or had forgotten Him.

God took the initiative in their deliverance in view of His covenants and promises to their fathers (Exo 2:24).

A few knew Him, but as a whole the nation was in apostasy and rebellion.

24] And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.Acts of God on Israel ’s Behalf 1. He Heard their groaning (Exo 2:24).2. He remembered His covenant (Exo 2:24).3. He looked upon their sufferings (Exo 2:25).4. He had respect unto them (Exo 2:25).

25] And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 42Exodus 3 - ReviewThere is a lot of evidence to indicate that Moses’ parents were operating by special revelation (Acts 7).

By faith, they put him in the water (faith comes by hearing).

They were following instructions.

Moses may have had a sense of being a deliverer, he was just premature when he took up arms against the Egyptian earlier which led to his exile.

Moses had spent a substantial period of time (some evidence that supports the theory that he was at the age of 40 when he exiled himself from Egypt).

He was schooled in all the wisdom of the Egyptians (Acts 7 where Steven gives us insight into these familiar Old Testament stories which are actually not in the Old Testament).

Act 7:17 "But when the time of the promise drew near which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt 18 till another king arose who did not know Joseph.

Act 7:19 This man dealt treacherously with our people, and oppressed our forefathers, making them expose their babies, so that they might not live.

Act 7:20 At this time Moses was born, and was well pleasing to God; and he was brought up in his father's house for three months.

Act 7:21 But when he was set out, Pharaoh's daughter took him away and brought him up as her own son.

Act 7:22 And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and deeds.

Act 7:23 "Now when he was forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren, the children of Israel.

Act 7:24 And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended and avenged him who was oppressed, and struck down the Egyptian.

Act 7:25 For he supposed that his brethren would have understood that God would deliver them by his hand, but they did not understand.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 43Act 7:26 And the next day he appeared to two of them as they

were fighting, and tried to reconcile them, saying, 'Men, you are brethren; why do you wrong one another?'

Act 7:27 But he who did his neighbor wrong pushed him away, saying, 'WHO MADE YOU A RULER AND A JUDGE OVER US?

Act 7:28 DO YOU WANT TO KILL ME AS YOU DID THE EGYPTIAN YESTERDAY?'

Act 7:29 Then, at this saying, Moses fled and became a dweller in the land of Midian, where he had two sons.

Act 7:30 "And when forty years had passed, an Angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire in a bush, in the wilderness of Mount Sinai.

Act 7:31 When Moses saw it, he marveled at the sight; and as he drew near to observe, the voice of the Lord came to him,

Act 7:32 saying, 'I AM THE GOD OF YOUR FATHERS—THE GOD OF ABRAHAM, THE GOD OF ISAAC, AND THE GOD OF JACOB.' And Moses trembled and dared not look.

Act 7:33 'Then the LORD said to him, "TAKE YOUR SANDALS OFF YOUR FEET, FOR THE PLACE WHERE YOU STAND IS HOLY GROUND.

Act 7:34 I HAVE SURELY SEEN THE OPPRESSION OF MY PEOPLE WHO ARE IN EGYPT; I HAVE HEARD THEIR GROANING AND HAVE COME DOWN TO DELIVER THEM. AND NOW COME, I WILL SEND YOU TO EGYPT." '

Act 7:35 "This Moses whom they rejected, saying, 'WHO MADE YOU A RULER AND A JUDGE?' is the one God sent to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the Angel who appeared to him in the bush.

Act 7:36 He brought them out, after he had shown wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red Sea, and in the wilderness forty years.

Act 7:37 "This is that Moses who said to the children of Israel, 'THE LORD YOUR GOD WILL RAISE UP FOR YOU A PROPHET LIKE ME FROM YOUR BRETHREN. HIM YOU SHALL HEAR.'

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 44Act 7:38 "This is he who was in the congregation in the

wilderness with the Angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers, the one who received the living oracles to give to us, 39 whom our fathers would not obey, but rejected. And in their hearts they turned back to Egypt, 40 saying to Aaron, 'MAKE US GODS TO GO BEFORE US; AS FOR THIS MOSES WHO BROUGHT US OUT OF THE LAND OF EGYPT, WE DO NOT KNOW WHAT HAS BECOME OF HIM.'

Act 7:41 And they made a calf in those days, offered sacrifices to the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.

Act 7:42 Then God turned and gave them up to worship the host of heaven, as it is written in the book of the Prophets: 'DID YOU OFFER ME SLAUGHTERED ANIMALS AND SACRIFICES DURING FORTY YEARS IN THE WILDERNESS, O HOUSE OF ISRAEL?

Act 7:43 YOU ALSO TOOK UP THE TABERNACLE OF MOLOCH, AND THE STAR OF YOUR GOD REMPHAN, IMAGES WHICH YOU MADE TO WORSHIP; AND I WILL CARRY YOU AWAY BEYOND BABYLON.'

Act 7:44 "Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as He appointed, instructing Moses to make it according to the pattern that he had seen, 45 which our fathers, having received it in turn, also brought with Joshua into the land possessed by the Gentiles, whom God drove out before the face of our fathers until the days of David, 46 who found favor before God and asked to find a dwelling for the God of Jacob.

We know from Josephus that Moses was in effect adopted by Pharaoh’s daughter who had no other offspring and therefore he was heir to the throne of Egypt.Moses was 40 when he went to the backside of the desert (East side) to Midian, where he was for some 40 years.

John the Baptist was in the desert, Paul was in Arabia... The Scripture is very silent on those periods, just like it is silent about Moses’ period in Midian.

God does not seem to be in a hurry. We need to be patient

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 451Co 1:18-29 NKJV For the message of the cross is foolishness

to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. 19 For it is written: "I WILL DESTROY THE WISDOM OF THE WISE, AND BRING TO NOTHING THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PRUDENT." 20 Where is the wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the disputer of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of this world? 21 For since, in the wisdom of God, the world through wisdom did not know God, it pleased God through the foolishness of the message preached to save those who believe. 22 For Jews request a sign, and Greeks seek after wisdom; 23 but we preach Christ crucified, to the Jews a stumbling block and to the Greeks foolishness, 24 but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. 25 Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men. 26 For you see your calling, brethren, that not many wise according to the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 27 But God has chosen the foolish things of the world to put to shame the wise, and God has chosen the weak things of the world to put to shame the things which are mighty; 28 and the base things of the world and the things which are despised God has chosen, and the things which are not, to bring to nothing the things that are, 29 that no flesh should glory in His presence.

It is also interesting to watch Pharaoh, who tried desperately to cleanse the Hebrews from any uprising, ended up housing, schooling and empowering the very man who would rise up against him.

God’s sets up Pharaoh’s stubbornness to give God the opportunity to show His power and strength.

Pharaoh’s resistance is predicted in advance. The 10 plagues we will see were the hierarchy of the things which the Egyptians worshiped.

The Burning Bush1] Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the

priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 46Note that Moses was in Midian, not Sinai.

[backside] refers to the west side which was very fertile. Shepherds often took their flocks long distances from home to seek new pastures, often traveling for months.

Eight Sacred Mountains Mount Sinai = Mt. Horeb (Exo 3:1; Exo 4:27; Exo 18:5;

Exo 24:13; Num 10:33; 1Ki 19:8). Sinai is mentioned as a wilderness and a mountain 37 times (Exo 19:1-23; Num 1:1; Num 3:1; Gal 4:24-25).In 17 passages the same desert and mountain are called Horeb (Exo 3:1; Exo 33:6; Deu 1:6; Deu 4:10-15; Deu 5:2; Deu 29:1; 1Ki 19:8; Psa 106:19; Mal 4:4)

Mount Moriah (Gen 22:2; 1Ch 21:18; 2Ch 3:1) Mount Zion (Psa 48:2; Isa 2:2-4; Isa 8:18; Isa 24:23; Isa

66:20; Mic 4:7; Dan 11:45; Joe 3:17; Zec 8:3) The Mount of Olives (Zec 14:4; Mat 24:3; Mat 26:30; Act

1:12) The mount of transfiguration (2Pe 1:18) Mount Calvary (Luk 23:33) The heavenly  Mount Zion (Heb 12:22; Rev 14:1; Rev

21:10) The pre-Adamite mountain of God where Lucifer was cast

out of (Eze 28:11-17)

[mountain of God]Traditionally, “Horeb” is regarded as the range, Mount Sinai as the specific peak within that range (Ex 24:12, 13).

Recent discoveries, however, place the mount in Arabia (Gal 4:25).

This same location is used with Elijah (1 Kgs 19:4-11)A tradition among many scholars that it was at Mount Sinai where Paul was given the gospel.

Paul was schooled separately (Gal 1:17; 4:25) some scholars infer that he may have been in exile himself and received revelation in that area.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 47Gen 46:34 that you shall say, 'Your servants' occupation has

been with livestock from our youth even till now, both we and also our fathers,' that you may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians."

[Goshen] East of Memphis, suitable for grazing, and next to Canaan so they could be separated from the wicked Egyptians.

It was called "the field of Zoan" (Psa 78:12, Psa 78:43) and was inhabited by non-Egyptians and Semites.

[abomination] An abominable person. Apepi, the Pharaoh of Joseph, was one of the shepherd kings that ruled Egypt.

Joseph’s advice of Gen 47:6 would commend his brethren to Pharaoh and keep them separate from the Egyptians.

Gen 47:6 The land of Egypt is before you. Have your father and brothers dwell in the best of the land; let them dwell in the land of Goshen. And if you know any competent men among them, then make them chief herdsmen over my livestock."

[best of the land] The best land for shepherds, not the best part of Egypt.

[my cattle] Proving Pharaoh was a shepherd king.

It was a race prejudice not a class prejudice. This rule of shepherd kings may have so oppressed the Egyptians that all shepherds became hated by natives.

Egypt was a highly civilized agricultural and commercial country, while shepherds were nomads, a rough people held in contempt.

On monuments shepherds are always depicted as dirty, unshaven or deformed — as inferior.

2] And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.

[the angel of the LORD] God Himself (Exo 3:2, Exo 3:4-22; Exo 4:1-17; Mar 12:26; Act 7:30-35; cp. Deu 4:15). See

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 48Forty-four Appearances of God.

Bush - only one other passage, Deut 33:16. Moses final blessings on the tribes of Israel

Deu 33:16 With the precious things of the earth and its fullness, And the favor of Him who dwelt in the bush. Let the blessing come 'on the head of Joseph, And on the crown of the head of him who was separate from his brothers.'

“Dwelt” in the bush, the abode of Him who dwelt in the bush,

“dwelt” = shah-chan, from which we get the word for “Shekinah,” the Shekinah Glory.

Moses was familiar with the area, a bush on fire would not be too unusual in the desert. But this bush was burning and burning and not being consumed.

[not consumed] The God who kept this bush from being consumed and protected the Hebrews in the furnace (Dan 3:1-30) can also keep the earth and people on it from being consumed during the future renovation of the earth by fire (Rom 8:19-24; Heb 1:10-12; Heb 12:25-28; 2Pe 3:10-13; Rev 20:7-10).

Appearances of God• God the Father: The essence of God [Invisible / Unseen]

– The Righteousness, Holiness, Justice of God, the nature and character of God, the glory of God that is unapproachable by sinful man and fallen creation

• God the Son: The Word, the manifestation and message of God – the Angel (messenger) of the Lord [Visible: Seen and Heard]– The mediator, the intercessor, that part of God that set

aside His glory and took on human flesh becoming man, to pay mankind’s sentence for sin, making it possible for man to approach God in all His Holiness, Justice, and Righteousness and survive the encounter

• God the Holy Spirit: The power and presence of God [Ever Present / Indwelling]– The Counselor, the Guide, the power of God, the presence

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 49of God that indwells and works in us to make us like our Father who is in heaven in character. The energy and strength of God in our lives.

Appearances of God1. Forming man and animals out of the dust and Eve out of

Adam’s rib indicates the visible presence of God in the days of re-creation (Gen 2:7, Gen 2:19-25).

According to Gen 2:21 the Lord God "took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof," which would likely have required His presence with Adam at that time.

2. Adam and Eve saw God in visible form after they had sinned, and hid themselves from Him "amongst the trees of the garden" because "they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden" (Gen 3:8-19).

They couldn’t hide from God in His invisible presence, because it is everywhere.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 503. Cain saw God in visible form, because he could not have been

driven out of His invisible presence which is with everyone everywhere (Gen 4:6, Gen 4:9, Gen 4:16).

4. In Gen 11:5 that God appeared on earth at the time of the tower of Babel, for it says, "the Lord came down to see the city and the tower."

5. Abraham was blessed with several appearances of God. The first recorded appearance is in Gen 12:7 which says, "the Lord appeared unto Abram."

6. In Gen 17:1-22 "the Lord appeared to Abram ... and God went up from Abraham."

7. In Gen 18:1 "the Lord appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre." Gen 18:2 says Abraham saw three men standing by him.

These were the Lord and two angels (Gen 18:22; Gen 19:1).

Other statements in Gen 18:1-33 prove a visible appearance: "Let a little water be fetched ... and wash your feet" (Gen 18:4); "he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them ... and they did eat" (Gen 18:8); "the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way" (Gen 18:16); "the Lord said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great ... I will go down now, and see" (Gen 18:20-21); "Abraham stood yet before the Lord. And Abraham drew near, and said" (Gen 18:22-23); "And the Lord went His way ... and Abraham returned unto his place" (Gen 18:33)

8. God appeared to Isaac and confirmed the Abrahamic covenant with him, Gen 26:2-4. Gen 18:2, "the Lord appeared unto him."

9. He appeared again to Isaac, reminding him of the covenant (Gen 26:24).

10. He appeared to Jacob and confirmed the Abrahamic covenant with him (Gen 28:12-15 with Gen 35:1).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5111. God wrestled with Jacob bodily in Gen 32:24-32.

That this was a bodily appearance of God is proven in Gen 32:30  : "I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved."

12. Jacob experienced another visible visitation of God in Gen 35:9-15, "And God appeared unto Jacob again."

13. The Lord appeared to Moses "in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush" (Exo 3:1-4; Act 7:30-34). This is one of many instances where "the angel of the Lord" is used for God Himself.

Exo 3:2 says "the angel," Exo 3:4 says "the Lord saw ... God called unto him out of the midst of the bush."

See The Spirit World and notes on the Trinity14. The Lord "came down upon Mount Sinai," to give the Ten

Commandments "in the sight of all the people" (Exo 19:11-24; Deu 5:4, Deu 5:22-29).

15. Seventy-four leaders of Israel (including Moses and Aaron) saw God and ate with Him on Sinai (Exo 24:1-11).

16. Moses saw God again on Sinai face to face (Exo 24:12-18).17. In Exo 33:9-11 God talked with Moses as he entered the

tabernacle: "the Lord spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend." Even the heathen had knowledge of God being seen face to face (Num 14:14).

18. In Exo 33:12-23 Moses asked to see God’s glory (Exo 33:18), instead of His bodily form apart from His glory which he had already seen many times.

God refused to show him the glory of His face but said Moses might see it in "My back parts" (Exo 33:23).

19. Moses saw God another time in Exo 34:5-9 when "the Lord descended in the cloud, and stood with him there."

20. God appeared to Moses and all Israel Lev 9:23-24 which says, "there came a fire out from before (not down from) the Lord, and consumed upon the altar." This indicates a visible presence.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5221. Lev 10:1-2 states that "there went out fire from the Lord" to

devour wicked priests who "offered strange fire before the Lord, which he commanded them not."

22. According to Num 12:4-5, "the Lord came down ... and stood in the door of the tabernacle" to be seen and heard by Moses, Miriam and Aaron.

23. In Deu 31:2, Deu 31:15-16, at the time of Moses’ death, when he was 120 years old (Deu 34:5-7), the Lord appeared to him.

24. "God came unto Balaam at night" to instruct him and warn him (Num 22:20).

25. "The ass saw the angel of the Lord standing in the way ... His sword drawn (Num 22:23).

26. Again "the ass saw the angel of the Lord" standing "in a path of the vineyards" (Num 22:24-25).

27. Still again the ass saw "the angel of the Lord" who "went further, and stood in a narrow place" (Num 22:26-27).

28. When "the Lord opened the eyes of Balaam ... he saw the angel of the Lord" (Num 22:31-38).

That this was an appearance of God is evident from the fact that in Num 22:35 it says, "the angel of the Lord said unto Balaam ... only the word that I shall speak unto thee, that thou shalt speak"; In Num 22:38 it says, "Balaam said ... the word that God putteth in my mouth, that shall I speak."

29. In Num 23:3-10 "God met Balaam" and gave him words to speak.

30. Again, as recorded in Num 23:16-24, "the Lord met Balaam, and put a word in his mouth."

31. Joshua saw God in a visible body, having a "sword drawn in His hand" (Jos 5:13-15).

That He received worship when "Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and did worship," proves the visible presence was God.

See Rev 19:10; Rev 22:8-9 where worship was refused.

32. God appeared to Israel to rebuke them for sin (Jdg 2:1-5).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5333. The Lord appeared to Gideon and "sat under an oak" in

visible form as recorded in Jdg 6:11-23. In Jdg 6:11 He is called "an angel of the Lord,"

in Jdg 6:14, 16 He is plainly called "the Lord."34. He appeared to Manoah’s wife and predicted Samson’s birth

(Jdg 13:3-7).35. He appeared to Manoah and his wife together in answer to

prayer, as seen in Jdg 13:8-23. That this was an appearance of God in visible form is clear from Jdg 13:22 which says, "Manoah said unto his wife, We shall surely die, because we have seen God."

36. God appeared to Samuel and called him to be a prophet, as seen in 1Sa 3:10 which says, "the Lord came, and stood, and called."

37. He appeared again to Samuel, for 1Sa 3:21 says, "And the Lord appeared again in Shiloh"

38. In 1Ki 19:11-18 we see that Elijah saw the Lord when he stood "upon the mount before the Lord. And, behold, the Lord passed by."

39. From 1Ch 21:16-17 we learn that David saw the Lord, for whereas 1Ch 21:16 says David "saw the angel of the Lord," 1Ch 21:17 calls Him "God."

Referring to the place of this appearance, 2Ch 3:1 says, "where the Lord appeared unto David."

40. God appeared to Job who said, "I have heard of Thee ... but now mine eye seeth Thee" (Job 42:5).

41. God appeared to Isaiah in the temple, for in Isa 6:1-13 he testified, "I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and His train filled the temple."

42. Amos declared in Amo 9:1, "I saw the Lord standing upon the altar."

43. Act 7:54-60 shows that Stephen saw "Jesus standing on the right hand of God."

44. John saw both God and the glorified Christ in the reception of Revelation (Rev 4:2-11; Rev 5:1-13; Rev 6:16; Rev 7:9-17; Rev 8:3-5; Rev 11:16; Rev 12:5; Rev 14:1-5; Rev 19:1-10; Rev 21:3-7; Rev 22:1-5).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 54In Rev 1:10-18 we read of an appearance of Christ, for in Rev

1:11 John speaks of a voice saying, "I am Alpha and Omega,"

Rev 1:12-13 he says, "I turned to see the voice that spake ... I saw seven golden candlesticks; and in the midst ... one like unto the Son of man."

Besides the above appearances the prophets saw God - His shape, His body (like that of a man), His hair, eyes, and other bodily parts, His clothing, and His chariot throne drawn by cherubim in visions.

Ezekiel saw Him (Eze 1:2-28; Eze 8:1-4; Eze 9:1-4; Eze 10:1-5, Eze 10:7-22; Eze 40:1-4, Eze 40:6, Eze 40:8-9, Eze 40:11, Eze 40:13-14, Eze 40:17, Eze 40:19, Eze 40:24, Eze 40:28, Eze 40:32, Eze 40:35, Eze 40:45, Eze 40:47-48; Eze 41:1, Eze 41:4-5, Eze 41:13, Eze 41:15; Eze 42:1, Eze 42:13, Eze 42:15-20; Eze 43:1-7); Daniel saw Him (Dan 7:9-14; Dan 10:5-9); and Zechariah saw Him (Zec 1:8-20; Zec 2:1-13; Zec 3:1-2; Zec 4:1-5; Zec 5:2-5, Zec 5:10; Zec 6:4-5). Enoch, Noah and others must also have seen God, because they walked with Him and received specific instructions from Him (Gen 5:22-24; Gen 6:8-9; Heb 11:5-7; Jud 1:14-15). The glory of the Lord appeared to Moses and Israel a number of times and they saw it and heard God’s voice from it.

This was more than an invisible presence (Num 14:10-12; Num 16:19-30, Num 16:41-50; Num 20:6-13, etc.).

In view of the above appearances of God to men, "No man hath seen God at any time" (Joh 1:18) can only be understood to mean that no man has seen Him face to face in the fullness of His glory and comprehended Him fully as "the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father," who "hath declared him." 1Ti 6:16 - the Godhead "dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto," but when God chooses to appear apart from this light, man can approach.

Human beings have experienced this many times, both seeing and hearing God.

3] And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt.

Symbolism in the Burning Bush

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 55Fire in the Scripture is always symbolic of judgment, tribulation, and/or purifying (refining).

Brass was always used in the Tabernacle for vessels which needed to hold fire,

Brass speaks of fire and thus judgment. (Num 21:5-20 the brazen serpent). Heb 12:29 “our God is a consuming fire”; Heb 1:13 notes that He cannot even look upon evil.

With fire speaking of judgment, the bush is being judged here. The Hebrew for bush is seneh, which comes from the word “to prick”

It refers to a bramble or thorn bush (sometimes called an acacia bush); the thorn bush of the desert.

The symbol for sin is a thornGen 3:17-18 NKJV Then to Adam He said, "Because you have

heeded the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, 'You shall not eat of it': "Cursed is the ground for your sake; In toil you shall eat of it All the days of your life. 18 Both thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you, And you shall eat the herb of the field.

When Christ is crucified, the Roman soldiers made a crown of thorns and placed it upon Christ’s head.

Christ was made sin for us, He bore our sins on His brow.2Co 5:21 For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us,

that we might become the righteousness of God in Him. Gal 3:13-14 NKJV Christ has redeemed us from the curse of

the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, "CURSED IS EVERYONE WHO HANGS ON A TREE"), 14 that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

With the burning bush, sin is symbolically being judged by God’s consuming fire!

The thorn bush is not consumed; sin in the Hands of the Living God, not being destroyed, is a model of mercy.

Do not get Grace and Mercy confused. Grace is getting something that you don’t deserve.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 56Mercy is not getting that which we do deserve.

Christ became “a root out of dry ground”; Isa 53 / Ps 22)Here we see thorns and not fruit. John 15:1-17 / Gal 5:16-26

Fiery Furnace - Type of TribulationFire has another similar idiom in the Scripture.

Deu 4:20 But the LORD has taken you and brought you out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be His people, an inheritance, as you are this day.

The idiom for Egypt from this passage is “an iron furnace” speaking of their affliction, their physical bondage to the Egyptians and spiritually to their bondage to sin.

The fiery furnace is not only an idiom of judgement, it is also an idiom of tribulation.

There are 3 models of Israel in the Tribulation in terms of the Fiery Furnace: 1) Israel in Egypt as exemplified by this passage in Deuteronomy. 2) Daniel 3; Daniel’s friends in the fiery furnace.

The fiery furnace is a type of tribulation, and Daniel’s friends are a type of Israel, Nebuchadnezzar is a type of the antichrist.

Historically, Daniel was probably off on affairs of state; but typologically, it is interesting that Daniel is a model of the faithful - and one can identify him with the church - and he is absent from this tribulation scene.

3) Many prophecies of Israel speak of the Tribulation as a fiery furnace, do not get these mixed up with the fiery furnace in Revelation.

The concept of the furnace as a tribulation time for Israel is used in Egypt, typified by the passage in Daniel 3, and also something yet future.

Isa 63:9 In all their affliction He was afflicted, And the Angel of His Presence saved them; In His love and in His pity He redeemed them; And He bore them and carried them All the days of old.

Zec 13:9 I will bring the one-third through the fire, Will refine them as silver is refined, And test them as gold is tested. They will call on My name, And I will answer them. I will say, 'This is My people'; And each one will say, 'The LORD is my God.' "

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 574] And when the LORD saw that he turned aside to see, God

called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I.

Angel of the Lord according to verse 2, yet here the voice is attributed to God.

From their midst, God reveals Himself.

You talking to me – Can you hear me now – Have I got your attention

Ten Double-Callings of Names1. Abraham, Abraham (Gen 22:11)2. Jacob, Jacob (Gen 46:2)3. Moses, Moses (Exo 3:4)4. Samuel, Samuel (1Sa 3:10)5. Lord, Lord (Mat 7:21-22)6. Jerusalem, Jerusalem (Mat 23:37)7. My God, My God (Mar 15:34)8. Martha, Martha (Luk 10:41)9. Simon, Simon (Luk 22:31)10. Saul, Saul (Act 9:4)

Visions from God prior to God calling them are not unusual for great men of God: A very interesting pattern in the Scripture.

Isa 6 for Isaiah; Acts 9:3 for Paul; Mt 17 for the inside disciples; Rev 4 & 5 for us, but through the eyes of John; Dan 7 — all examples of being confronted with the Glory of

God relevant to understanding His glory prior to being called to service.

Shoes5] And he said, Draw not nigh hither: put off thy shoes from

off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground.

[he said]

Eight Acts of God in Exodus 3-41. He appeared to Moses (Exo 3:2).2. He saw (Exo 3:4, Exo 3:7).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 583. He called to Moses (Exo 3:4).4. He said - 17 times (Exo 3:4, Exo 3:5, Exo 3:6, Exo 3:7,

Exo 3:12, Exo 3:14, Exo 3:15, Exo 3:17; Exo 4:2, Exo 4:3, Exo 4:4, Exo 4:6, Exo 4:7, Exo 4:11, Exo 4:14, Exo 4:19, Exo 4:21, Exo 4:27).

5. He heard the cry of Israel (Exo 3:7).6. He knew their sorrows (Exo 3:7).7. He became angry at Moses (Exo 4:14).8. He gave 5 prophecies (Exo 3:8, Exo 3:12, Exo 3:17-22;

Exo 4:14-17, Exo 4:21-23).

[Draw not nigh hither]Fourteen Commands to Moses1. Draw not nigh hither (Exo 3:5).2. Put off your shoes (Exo 3:5).3. Come now, I will send you (Exo 3:10).4. Thus shall you say to Israel (Exo 3:14-15).5. Go, and gather Israel together (Exo 3:16).6. Go, say to them (Exo 3:16-22).7. Cast your rod on the ground (Exo 4:3).8. Put forth your hand and take the serpent by the tail (Exo

4:4).9. Put your hand into your bosom (Exo 4:6).10. Put your hand in your bosom again (Exo 4:7).11. Go and I will be with your mouth and teach you what to

say (Exo 4:12).12. Go, return to Egypt (Exo 4:19).13. See that you do all these wonders before Pharaoh (Exo

4:21).14. You shall speak to Pharaoh (Exo 4:22).

[holy ground] qodesh (H6944), translated

"holy" 302 times (the first time here); "sanctuary" 69 times (Exo 30:13, Exo 30:24; Exo 36:1-6; etc.); "consecrated" (Jos 6:19); "dedicated" 12 times (1Ki 7:51; 1Ki 15:15; etc.); "hallowed" 9 times (Lev 12:4; Lev 19:8; etc.); "holiness" 30 times (Exo 15:11; Exo 28:36; etc.); and "saints" (Deu 33:2).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 59The root word qadash (H6942) is translated

"holy" 7 times; "hallow" 25 times; "consecrate" 7 times; "dedicate" 10 times; "sanctified" 45 times; "sanctify" 64 times; and "holier" (Isa 65:5).

[put off thy shoes from off thy feet] This was a mark of respect (Exo 3:5; Jos 5:15).

Orientals removed their shoes at home and all places of worship, as we remove hats.

It was symbolic of laying aside all pollution from walking in sin.

Shoes represent walk or service. Shoes separate us from the ground, the soil and dirt we walk upon

We take off our shoes when we are in His presence because we are on Holy ground;

He miraculously preserves the walk of Israel through the wilderness.

Shoes are mentioned in the wilderness, when the nation Israel was wandering in the wilderness for 40 years, their shoes (of porpoise or badger skins) never wear out!

In Ruth, Naomi (type of Israel) brings back her gentile daughter-in-law Ruth from exile, and the love story occurs where Ruth encounters a kinsman by the name of Boaz.

Boaz is called upon to do the kinsman’s part, which involves two kinds of redemption:

one kind is to restore the land to Naomi;

the second type is to take Ruth as a bride.

This is also a detailed study with the way God’s law operated in Israel in regards to land ownership;

This is a fundamental study to understand the title deed of the earth as seen in Revelation where a kinsman is needed to redeem.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 60Boaz is a type of our kinsman, Jesus Christ, redeeming the land back to Israel and taking a gentile bride.

The symbol of this transaction is the shoe (Ruth 4)!

[For a complete study see our briefing package, The Romance of Redemption, or our commentary on Ruth included with the study of Esther.]

John the Baptist, described as the one who is least in the kingdom of Heaven. described Jesus Christ as one whose shoes he is unworthy to unloosen.

God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob6] Moreover he said, I am the God of thy father, the God of

Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look upon God.

Notice how many times in this chapter that God speaks in threes. The “I am that I am” is actually a three-fold declaration. Hint of the Trinity...

God of Abraham = sovereignty, chosen.Isaac = power, new birth, quicken.Jacob = patience (justifies, perfect us).

[I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob] God identified Himself as the God of Amram (your father), Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

On verses like this Christ based the doctrine of resurrection and immortality of the inner man, claiming that these men are still alive and will be resurrected in due time (Mat 22:31-32).

Mat 22:31-32 NKJV But concerning the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was spoken to you by God, saying, 32 'I AM THE GOD OF ABRAHAM, THE GOD OF ISAAC, AND THE GOD OF JACOB' ? God is not the God of the dead, but of the living."

If they are alive, then all who die are still alive in soul and spirit.

It is only the body that dies at physical death.

Jas 2:26 For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 61It is only the body that will be resurrected .

Joh 5:28-29 NKJV Do not marvel at this; for the hour is coming in which all who are in the graves will hear His voice 29 and come forth — those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of condemnation.

Dan 12:2 And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, Some to everlasting life, Some to shame and everlasting contempt.

[hid his face] Contrast this with his desire to see all of God’s glory

Exo 33:18-23 NKJV And he said, "Please, show me Your glory." 19 Then He said, "I will make all My goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion." 20 But He said, "You cannot see My face; for no man shall see Me, and live." 21 And the LORD said, "Here is a place by Me, and you shall stand on the rock. 22 So it shall be, while My glory passes by, that I will put you in the cleft of the rock, and will cover you with My hand while I pass by. 23 Then I will take away My hand, and you shall see My back; but My face shall not be seen."

[shew me thy glory] Moses asked to see God’s glory expressed in His face, not to see His face apart from His glory, which he had already seen (Exo 33:11).

That he had seen God’s glory in a limited sense is clear from Exo 16:10; Exo 24:16-17; so the request was for something he had not yet seen.

Many others have also seen God’s face and spirit body apart from the glory.

[he was afraid to look upon God] It was an ancient belief that if one saw God then he would die.

Gen 32:30 So Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: "For I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved."

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 627] And the LORD said, I have surely seen the affliction of my

people which are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters; for I know their sorrows;

Theophanies (Mal 3:1; et al.). Three examples: Gen 16:13; 21:17; and Ex 3.

God’s voice is heard some 90x in Exodus:

[the LORD said] "The Lord said" is found 46 times in Exodus (Exo 3:7; Exo 4:2, Exo 4:4, Exo 4:6, Exo 4:11, Exo 4:19, Exo 4:21, Exo 4:27; Exo 6:1, Exo 6:26; Exo 7:1, Exo 7:14; Exo 8:16, Exo 8:20; Exo 9:1, Exo 9:8, Exo 9:13, Exo 9:22; Exo 10:1, Exo 10:12, Exo 10:21; Exo 11:1, Exo 11:9; Exo 12:43; Exo 14:15, Exo 14:26; Exo 16:4, Exo 16:28; Exo 17:5, Exo 17:14; Exo 19:9, Exo 19:10, Exo 19:21, Exo 19:24; Exo 20:22; Exo 24:12; Exo 30:34; Exo 32:7, Exo 32:9, Exo 32:33; Exo 33:1, Exo 33:5, Exo 33:17, Exo 33:21; Exo 34:1, Exo 34:27).

"God said" is used 3 times (Exo 3:14-15; Exo 13:17);

"He (God) said" 12 times (Exo 3:5, Exo 3:6, Exo 3:12, Exo 3:14; Exo 4:3, Exo 4:7, Exo 4:14; Exo 33:14, Exo 33:19, Exo 33:20; Exo 24:1; Exo 34:10)

"the Lord had (hath) said" 7 times (Exo 7:13, Exo 7:22; Exo 8:15, Exo 8:19; Exo 16:23; Exo 24:3, Exo 24:7).

“the LORD spake” is found 20 times in Exodus (Exo 6:10, Exo 6:13, Exo 6:28, Exo 6:29; Exo 7:8, Exo 7:19; Exo 8:1, Exo 8:5; Exo 12:1; Exo 13:1; Exo 14:1; Exo 16:11; Exo 25:1; Exo 30:11, Exo 30:17, Exo 30:22; Exo 31:1, Exo 31:12; Exo 33:11; Exo 40:1).

"God spake" is found in Exo 6:2; Exo 20:1[my people] The first instance of 16 times that "my people" is

found in Exodus.

[I know their sorrows] God saw their affliction and knew their sorrows and later sent Christ to experience real physical suffering.

A picture of the slavery to sin, captive of Satan.

Heb 4:14-16 NKJV Seeing then that we have a great High Priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 63Son of God, let us hold fast our confession. 15 For we do not have a High Priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but was in all points tempted as we are, yet without sin. 16 Let us therefore come boldly to the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy and find grace to help in time of need.

8] And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.

This last part will be Joshua’s task.

This can be broken into 7 parts:1) He has seen,2) He’s heard,3) He knows their sorrows,4) He’s come down to deliver them, (on purpose to redeem

them),5) Out of the Hand of the Egyptians,6) Into good land, (He will take them on resurrection

ground which is separate from the conquest of the land),

7) Flowing with Milk and Honey.

[to deliver them out of the hands of the Egyptians]Twenty-two Predictions of God in Exodus 3-41. I will deliver Israel out of the hands of the Egyptians (Exo 3:8).2. I will bring them out of Egypt unto a good land (Exo 3:8).3. I will bring them unto the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, etc.

(Exo 3:8).4. I will be with you (Moses, Exo 3:12).5. I will give you a token (Exo 3:12).6. I will bring you out of affliction unto the land of the Canaanites

(Exo 3:17).7. Israel will hearken to you (Exo 3:18).8. Pharaoh will not let you go until he is forced to do so (Exo

3:19).9. I will smite Egypt with plagues and then he will let you go (Exo

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 643:20).

10. I will give Israel favor with the Egyptians (Exo 3:21).11. You will have plenty when you go (Exo 3:21).12. You will spoil the Egyptians (Exo 3:22).13. Aaron will come to meet you (Exo 4:14).14. He will be glad to see you (Exo 4:14).15. I will be with both of you and teach you what to do (Exo 4:15).16. Aaron will be your spokesman (Exo 4:16).17. He will be to you as a mouth (Exo 4:16).18. You will be to him as God (Exo 4:16).19. You will do wonders by this rod (Exo 4:17).20. You will do these wonders before Pharaoh (Exo 4:21).21. I will harden Pharaoh’s heart that he will not let Israel go (Exo

4:21).22. I will slay the firstborn of Egypt if he will not let Israel go (Exo

4:23).

[good land] Fourfold description of Canaan:1. Good land2. Large land3. Land of prosperity4. Land of many nations

[the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites]

From the mention of so many nations Moses could see the greatness of his mission; even the armies of Egypt could not conquer and hold the many war-like peoples of Canaan.

9] Now therefore, behold, the cry of the children of Israel is come unto me: and I have also seen the oppression wherewith the Egyptians oppress them.

[also seen] "Also" proves that somebody besides God had seen Israel’s oppression and reported to Him.

This again proves the doctrine of divine agency.

In hundreds of scriptures, agents are seen scouting for and reporting to God of the conditions in various parts of His kingdom.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 65The Spirit WorldThe word "spirit" is found 551 times in Scripture.

From these references, the 297 times "angel" is found, and from over 20,000 others about God who is a spirit being, we learn all there is to know about the spirit world — all the various kinds of spirit beings that inhabit the unseen material worlds in space and under the earth (Php 2:10; Rev 5:3, Rev 5:13).

Ten Kinds of Spirit Beings Besides God:1. Seraphim (Isa 6:1-7)2. Cherubim (Gen 3:24; Eze 1:5-28; Eze 8:1-4; Eze 10:1-22)3. Zoa, or Living Creatures (Rev. 4:6-5:14; Rev 6:1-8; Rev 7:11;

Rev 14:3, Rev 14:9-11; Rev 15:7; Rev 19:4)4. Spirit animals shaped like the fleshly ones we have on earth

(2Ki 2:11-12; 2Ki 6:13-17; Zec 1:8-11; Zec 6:1-8; Rom 1:20; 2Co 12:1-4; Rev 19:11-21)

5. Archangels, or chief angels who rule kingdoms and planets (Col 1:15-18; 1Th 4:16; Jud 1:9)(1)    Michael, one of the chief princes, the prince of Israel

(Dan 10:13, Dan 10:21; Dan 11:1; Dan 12:1; 1Th 4:16; Jud 1:9; Rev 12:7-9)

(2)    Gabriel, who stands before God (Dan 8:16-19; Dan 9:20-23; Daniel 10:8-11:1; Luk 1:19, Luk 1:26)

(3)    Lucifer, the original ruler of the planet earth and present pseudo-ruler of man’s dominion on earth (Isa 14:12-14; Eze 28:11-17; Mat 4:1-11; Luk 10:18; Eph 2:2; Rev 12:7-9).

(4)    Unnamed princes of Persia and Grecia (Daniel 10:13-11:1; Rev 11:7; Rev 17:8)

6. Common angels (see notes below)7. Demons (see notes below)8. Demon locusts (Rev 9:1-11)9. Demon horsemen (Rev 9:12-21)10. The inner man, or soul and spirit of human beings (see Spirit).

Spiritruwach (H7307), occurs 378 times and is rendered spirit 232 times.

In the remaining 146 times it is rendered 16 different ways.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 66The Greek word for spirit in the N.T. is pneuma (G4151).

It occurs 385 times and corresponds to ruwach above. The primary meaning of both words is invisible force. The spirit of man is the intellect, will, mind, conscience, and other invisible faculties that make him a free moral agent and a rational being.

Both the soul and spirit of man are immortal.They are so closely related that it is hard to distinguish the fine points of difference between them, but there is a difference.

This is clear from 1Th 5:23; Heb 4:12. In general we can say that the spirit is that which knows (1Co 2:11), and the soul is that which feels.

Both comprise the inner man which leaves the body at death (Jas 2:26).

The Word "Spirit" Is Used Of:1. God’s personal spirit (Psa 139:7; Psa 143:10; Isa 30:1; Isa

40:13)2. The Holy Spirit (Gen 1:2; Isa 48:16; Isa 61:1; Zec 12:10)3. Angels (Psa 104:4)4. Cherubim (Eze 1:12-21; Eze 10:17)5. Demons (Lev 19:31; Lev 20:6)6. Other spirit beings (Zec 6:5)7. New nature of the child of God (1Co 6:17)8. Man’s personal spirit (Num 16:22; Num 27:16; Pro 18:14; Pro

20:27; Pro 25:28; Ecc 3:21)9. Judgment of God Is Translated As:

(1)    Blast (Exo 15:8; 2Ki 19:7; Isa 37:7)(2)    Breath (Gen 6:17; Gen 7:15, Gen 7:22; 2Sa 22:16; Psa

18:15)(3)    Spirit (Isa 4:4; Isa 28:6; Isa 34:16)

10. Spiritual gifts or invisible endowments of power (Gen 41:38; Exo 28:3; Exo 31:3; Exo 35:31; Num 11:17, Num 11:25-29; Num 24:2; Num 27:18; Deu 34:9; Isa 11:2; Isa 32:15; Isa 42:1; Isa 61:1; Eze 2:2; Eze 3:24)

11. The resurrected body (1Co 15:45)12. Wind (Eze 37:9)13. Mind (Gen 26:35; Pro 29:11; Eze 11:5; Eze 20:32; Dan

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 675:20)

14. Courage (Jos 2:11)15. Anger (Jdg 8:3)16. The whole person (Psa 77:3, Psa 77:6; Psa 106:33; Eze

21:7; Dan 2:1, Dan 2:3; Mal 2:15, Mal 2:16)17. Temperature (Gen 3:8)18. Whirlwind (Eze 1:4)19. Windy (Psa 55:8)20. Air (Job 41:16)21. Tempest (Psa 11:6)22. Quarters (winds, 1Ch 9:24)

The Spirit of Man Can Be:1. Troubled (Gen 41:8)2. Revived (Gen 45:27)3. In anguish (Exo 6:9)4. Made willing (Exo 35:21)5. Jealous (Num 5:14, Num 5:30)6. Hardened (Deu 2:30)7. Sorrowful (1Sa 1:15)8. Stirred up (2Ch 36:22)9. Committed to God (Psa 31:5)10. Guileless (Psa 32:2)11. Contrite (Psa 34:18)12. Broken (Psa 51:17)13. Overwhelmed (Psa 77:3)14. Steadfast (Psa 78:8)15. Provoked (Psa 106:33)16. Hasty (Pro 14:29)17. Haughty (Pro 16:18)18. Humble (Pro 16:19)19. Ruled (Pro 16:32)20. Wounded or hurt (Pro 18:14)21. Vexed (Ecc 1:14)22. Patient (Ecc 7:8)23. Constrained (Job 32:18)24. Searched (Psa 77:6)25. Made to keep secrets (Pro 11:13)26. In error (Isa 29:24)27. Proud (Ecc 7:8)28. Heavy (Isa 61:3)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6829. Made to learn (Job 20:3; Job 32:8)30. Increased in knowledge (1Co 2:11)

Definition and Usage of "Angel":The word literally means messenger and is used of Christ, angels, and people.1. Christ, the second Person of the Trinity appeared to men as

the messenger of God (1Co 10:4, 1Co 10:9; 1Co 11:3). He is called:(1)    The angel of God (Gen 21:17; Gen 31:11; Exo 3:2; Jdg

6:20; Jdg 13:9; Act 27:23)(2)    The angel of the Lord (Gen 16:7-11; Gen 22:11, Gen

22:15; Exo 14:19; Num 22:22-35; Jdg 2:1, Jdg 2:4; Jdg 6:11-12, Jdg 6:21-22; Jdg 13:3-6, Jdg 13:13-21; 2Ki 1:3, 2Ki 1:15; 2Ki 19:35; 1Ch 21:12-30; Psa 34:7; Psa 35:5-6; Isa 37:36; Zec 1:9-19; Zec 3:1-6; Zec 12:8; Act 7:30-38). In all other places where "the angel of the Lord" is found [better translated “angel from the Lord”], the term refers to ordinary angels, as in Mat 1:20, Mat 1:24; Mat 2:13, Mat 2:19; Mat 28:2-5; Luk 1:11-38; Luk 2:9-21; Act 5:19; Act 8:26; Act 10:3; Act 12:7-23.

(3)    His angel (Gen 24:7, Gen 24:40; Exo 23:20; Exo 33:2; Num 20:16; 2Ch 32:21; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:22)

(4)    The angel (Gen 48:16; Ecc 5:6; Hos 12:4)(5)    Mine angel (Exo 23:23; Exo 32:34)(6)    Angel of His presence (Isa 63:9)(7)    Angel (Rev 8:3-5; Rev. 10:1-11:3)

2. The word angel is used of common angels in Psa 104:4.3. It is used of men in Rev 1:1, Rev 1:20; Rev 2:1, Rev 2:8, Rev

2:12, Rev 2:18; Rev 3:1, Rev 3:7, Rev 3:14; Rev 19:9, Rev 19:10; Rev 22:6-8, Rev 22:16.

In other places it is nearly always clear that common angels who are spirit beings and heavenly creatures are referred to.

Common Angels:1. The nature of angels. They are heavenly spirit beings with:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 69(1)    Personal spirit bodies with bodily parts, as hands, feet,

eyes, heads, voices, mouths, hair, faces, and other parts which men have (Gen 18:2, Gen 18:4, Gen 18:8; Gen 19:1-22; Jdg 13:6).

See Appearances of Angels to Men.(2)    Personal souls with emotions (Luk 15:1-10), passions

(Gen 6:1-4, notes; Jud 1:6-7); appetites (Gen 18:8; Gen 19:3); anger (Rev 12:12); enmity (Gen 3:15); lusts (Joh 8:44); vengeance (1Pe 5:8); desires (1Pe 1:12); pride (Eze 28:17; 1Ti 3:6); and other soul passions, feelings, and desires

(3)    Personal spirits with intelligence and wisdom (2Sa 14:20; 2Sa 19:27; Mat 24:36; Eph 3:10); patience (Num 22:22-35); meekness (2Pe 2:11; Jud 1:9); modesty (1Co 11:10); holiness (Mar 8:38); obedience (Psa 103:20; Mat 6:10); knowledge (Mar 13:32; 1Pe 1:12); willpower (Isa 14:12-14); ability to speak languages (1Co 13:1); and other spirit faculties

2. General facts about angels. They are glorious (Luk 9:26); immortal (Luk 20:36); powerful and mighty in body (Isa 37:36; 2Th 1:7-10; Rev 18:1); heavenly spirit beings (Psa 104:4; Mat 18:10; Mat 22:30; Mat 24:36; Heb 1:14); not demons (Act 23:8-9); limited in knowledge (Mar 13:32); and higher than man (Psa 8:5).They need no rest (Rev 4:8); can eat food (Gen 18:8; Gen 19:3; Psa 78:25); appear visible and invisible (Num 22:22-35; Joh 20:12; Heb 13:2); operate in the material realms (Genesis 18-19; Gen 22:11; 2Sa 24:1-25; 2Ki 19:35; Act 1:1-26; Act 12:1-25); travel at inconceivable speed (Eze 1:1-28; Rev 8:13; Rev 9:1) ascend and descend (Gen 28:12; Joh 1:51); speak languages (1Co 13:1); and can do anything man can do, including sin.They were created by Christ before the earth (Job 38:4-7; Psa 148:2-5; Col 1:16); are not to be worshiped (Col 2:18); are organized into principalities and powers with thrones (Col 1:16; Col 2:18; Rom 8:38; Eph 6:10-18; 1Pe 3:22); are innumerable (Luk 2:13; Heb 12:22); to be judged or ruled by saints (1Co 6:3); are subject to God (Mat 22:30); interested in earthly affairs (Luk 9:26; Luk 15:7-10; 1Ti 5:21; 1Pe 1:12);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 70and are being taught wisdom by the church (1Co 4:9; Eph 3:10). They desire to look into the things of salvation (1Pe 1:10-12); observe us (1Co 4:9); can cook (1Ki 19:5-7); wear garments (Joh 20:12); appear unawares (Heb 13:2); have been tested (Job 4:18; 1Ti 5:21); dwell in heaven (Rev 12:12; Rev 13:6); stand before God (2Ch 18:18). Christ is better than angels (Hebrews 1:5-2:16).

3. The work of angels. They carry on work daily and meet responsibilities that only beings with personal bodies, souls, and spirits are capable of:(1)    They drive spirit horses (2Ki 2:12; 2Ki 6:13-17; Zec 1:7-

11; Zec 6:1-6).(2)    They guard gates (Rev 21:12).(3)    They wage war in actual physical combat (2Th 1:7-10;

Rev 12:7-9).(4)    They execute judgments (Gen 19:1-38; 2Sa 24:1-25;

2Ki 19:35; 2Ch 32:21; Psa 78:49; Mat 13:41-42; Act 12:23; Rev. 8:1-9:21; Rev. 15:1-16:2).

(5)    They minister to saints (1Ki 19:5-7; Dan 6:22; Mat 4:11; Act 10:1-48; Heb 1:14).

(6)    They rule nations (Dan 10:13-21; Dan 12:1).(7)    They help each individual (Mat 18:10).(8)    They sing, praise, and worship God (Psa 103:20; Psa

148:2; Luk 2:13; Rev 5:11).(9)    They strengthen in trial (Mat 4:11; Luk 22:43).(10)    They lead sinners to gospel workers (Act 10:3).(11)    They direct preachers (Act 8:26; Act 27:23).(12)    They appear in dreams (Mat 1:20-24; Mat 2:13-19).(13)    They minister before God (Rev 8:2; Rev 14:15-19).(14)    They bind Satan (Rev 20:1-15).(15)    They guard the abyss (Rev 9:1; Rev 20:1-3).(16)    They regather Israel (Mat 24:31).(17)    They protect saints (Psa 34:7; Psa 91:11; Act 12:7-

10).(18)    They separate the good and bad (Mat 13:39-41).(19)    They accompany Christ to earth (Mat 16:27; Mat

25:31; 2Th 1:7-10).(20)    They witness confessions (Luk 15:8-9).(21)    They receive departed spirits (Luk 16:22).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 71(22)    They give laws (Act 7:53; Heb 2:2).(23)    They guard the tree of life (Gen 3:24).(24)    They give revelations (2Ki 1:15; Dan 8:19; Dan 9:21-

23; Dan 10:10-20).(25)    They impart God’s will (Act 5:19-20; Act 10:1-6).(26)    They bring answers to prayers (Dan 9:21-23; Dan

10:12-13; Act 10:1-48).

4. Angels are called:(1)    Watchers (Dan 4:13-23)(2)    Sons of the mighty (Psa 89:6)(3)    Sons of God (Gen 6:1-4; Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7)(4)    Congregation of the mighty (Psa 82:1)(5)    Saints (Psa 89:7)(6)    Hosts (Psa 33:6; Psa 103:21; Luk 2:13)(7)    Spirits (Heb 1:14)(8)    The elect (1Ti 5:21)

5. Satan’s fallen angels. They are made subject to Christ (1Pe 3:22); are sinful and rebellious (Job 4:18; 2Pe 2:4; Jud 1:6-7; Rev 12:7-9); evil (Psa 78:49); to be punished (Isa 24:21-23; Isa 25:7; Mat 24:41; Jud 1:6-7); to be cast out of heaven (Rev 12:7-9); will fight against Christ at Armageddon (Isa 24:21-23; Isa 25:7; Rev 12:7-9; Rev 19:11-21); are organized into principalities and powers (Eph 1:21; Eph 3:10; Eph 6:10-17; Col 2:10, Col 2:15; Rev 12:7-12). They deceive men (2Co 11:14); oppose saints (Rom 8:38; Eph 6:10-18); fell originally with Lucifer (Isa 14:12-14; Eze 28:11-17; Mat 24:41; Rev 12:7-12); hell is prepared for them (Mat 24:41).

There are two classes of fallen angels: those bound (2Pe 2:4; Jud 1:6-7; Rev 9:11, Rev 9:14; Rev

11:7; Rev 17:8) The reason some of Satan’s angels are now bound (Gen 6:1-4; 2Pe 2:4; Jud 1:6-7).

those who are still loose with Satan and who will be cast down to the earth in the middle of Daniel’s seventieth week in the future tribulation (Rev 12:7-12; Eph 6:10-17).

Demons or Unclean Spirits

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 721. Definition and usage of the terms devil and demon:

(1)    Two Hebrew words are translated "devil":shed (H7700), "a spoiler"; "destroyer"; "a malignant,

evil spirit" (Deu 32:17; Psa 106:37); and sa‛iyr (H8163), "shaggy, hairy one"; "kid"; "goat";

"satyr"; "devil" (Lev 17:7; 2Ch 11:15). Devils are the "familiar spirits" of the O.T. (Lev 19:31;

Lev 20:6; Deu 18:11; 1Sa 28:3, 1Sa 28:9; 2Ki 21:6; 2Ki 23:24; Isa 8:19; Isa 19:3), and the supernatural spirits behind witchcraft.

(2)    The word "demon" is not found in the KJV, butthe Greek verb daimonizomai (G1139) (to be possessed by an evil spirit; be demonized) and the nouns daimon (G1142) and daimonion (G1140) refer to evil spirits, demons, or devils are found in the KJV

(3)    The word "devil" is also used of Satan, the prince of demons (Mat 9:34; Mat 12:24).

He is the chief devil and the original source of evil in the universe.

There are many demons, but only one prince of demons. The Greek word for devil used in connection with Satan is diabolos (G1228), meaning adversary, false accuser, slanderer, devil.

It is used of men and translated false accuser and slanderer in 1Ti 3:11; 2Ti 3:3; Tit 2:3. It is translated "devil" once as applying to Judas when he became an adversary of Christ (Joh 6:70).

In 34 other places it is translated "devil" and used of Satan as the chief adversary of God.

Satan has an angelic body and cannot physically enter anyone Satan, as an angel, could not possibly enter physically into a man for he has his own personal spirit body as big as a man.

The so-called doctrine of interpenetration, that is, persons entering physical into each other, is false.

The Bible does speak of the Corinthians and Philippians being in Paul’s heart (2Co 7:3; Php 1:7);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 73God being in Christ (2Co 5:19); Christ being in God (Joh 14:20); God and Christ being in each other (Joh 14:10-11);

men being in both the Father and the Son (1Jn 2:24); men being in Christ (2Co 5:17); men and the Spirit being in each other (Rom 8:9);

Christ being in men (Col 1:27; Rom 8:10); man and Christ being in each other (Joh 14:20);

All creation being in God (Act 17:28); and Satan entering into men (Luk 22:3; Joh 13:27).

These passages refer to being in union with, being consecrated to the same end — one in mind, purpose, and life.

They do not teach physical entrance of one being into another. It may be best understood by a man and woman becoming one in life together, being in each other’s plans, life, etc.

Satan entering into Judas simply means Judas submitted to Satan’s temptation to betray Jesus.

He became one with Satan, like men become one in spirit with God when joined to Him in consecration (1Co 6:17).

Demons are disembodied spirits capable of possessing the bodies of both animals and men.

2. The nature of demons:(1)    They are evil (Jdg 9:23; 1Sa 18:9-10).(2)    They are intelligent and wise (1Ki 22:22-24; Act 16:16).(3)    They are powerful (Mar 5:1-18).(4)    They are disembodied spirits (Rev 16:13-16).(5)    They are not angels (Act 23:8-9).(6)    They are not human, for they possess men and can be

cast out (Mat 10:8; Mar 16:17).(7)    They are individuals (Mar 16:9).(8)    They have knowledge (Mat 8:29; Luk 4:41; Act 19:15).(9)    They have faith (Jas 2:19).(10)    They have feelings (Mat 8:29; Mar 5:7).(11)    They have fellowship (1Co 10:20-21).(12)    They have doctrines (1Ti 4:1).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 74(13)    They have wills (Mat 12:43-45).(14)    They have miraculous powers (Rev 16:13-16).(15)    They have emotions (Act 8:7).(16)    They have desires (Mat 8:28-31).(17)    They have other soul and spirit faculties.

3. The work of demons:(1)    They possess people and cause dumbness and

deafness (Mat 9:32-33; Mar 9:25)(2)    Blindness (Mat 12:22)(3)    Grievous vexation (Mat 15:22)(4)    Lunacy and mania (Mat 4:23-24; Mat 17:14-21; Mar 5:1-

18)(5)    Uncleanness (they are called unclean spirits 20 times;

Luk 4:36)(6)    Supernatural strength (Mar 5:1-18)(7)    Suicide (Mat 17:16; Joh 10:10)(8)    Convulsions (Mar 9:20)(9)    Lusts (Joh 8:44; Eph 2:1-3; 1Jn 2:15-17)(10)    Counterfeit worship (Lev 17:7; Deu 32:17; 2Ch 11:15;

Psa 106:37; 1Co 10:20; Rev 9:20)(11)    Error (1Jn 4:1-6; 1Ti 4:1)(12)    Sicknesses and diseases (Mat 4:23-24; Act 10:38)(13)    Torments (Mat 4:23-24; Mat 15:22)(14)    Deceptions (1Ti 4:1-2; 1Jn 4:1-6)(15)    Lying (1Ki 22:21-24)(16)    Enchantments and witchcraft (2Ch 33:6)(17)    Heresies (1Ti 4:1)(18)    Wickedness (Luk 11:26)(19)    Fear (2Ti 1:7)(20)    Love of the world (1Jn 2:15-17; 1Co 2:12)(21)    Bondage (Rom 8:15)(22)    Discord (1Ki 22:21-24; Mat 13:36-43)(23)    Violence (Mat 17:15)(24)    Betrayals (Joh 13:2; 1Ki 22:21-23)(25)    Oppression (Act 10:38)(26)    Sin (Joh 8:44; 1Jn 3:8)(27)    Persecution (1Pe 5:8; Rev 2:10)(28)    Jealousy (1Sa 16:14; 1Sa 18:8-10)(29)    False prophecy (1Sa 18:8-10; 1Ki 22:21-24)(30)    Every other evil they possibly can, to work against man

and God.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 754. The abilities of demons:

(1)    They can teach (1Ti 4:1).(2)    They can steal (Mat 13:19; Luk 8:12).(3)    They can fight (Eph 4:27; Eph 6:10-18; 1Pe 5:8).(4)    The can become fierce and wrathful (Mat 8:28; Rev

12:12).(5)    They can tell fortunes (Lev 20:27; Act 16:16).(6)    They can be friendly (they are called familiar spirits 16

times; Lev 20:6, Lev 20:27).(7)    They go out and come back into people as they will,

unless cast out and rejected (Mat 12:43-45).(8)    They travel (1Ki 22:21-24; Mar 5:7, Mar 5:12).(9)    They speak (Mar 1:34; Mar 5:12; Act 8:7).(10)    They imitate the departed dead (2 Samuel 28:3-9; 1Ch

10:13; Isa 8:19; Deu 18:11).(11)    They can do many other things when in possession of

bodies.

5. They are called:(1)    Devils (Mar 16:17)(2)    Familiar spirits (Lev 20:6)(3)    Unclean spirits (Mar 1:27)(4)    Evil spirits (Luk 7:21)(5)    Seducing spirits (1Ti 4:1).

6. General facts about demons:(1)    They are subject to Christ and made subject to believers

by the atonement, the name of Jesus, and the Holy Spirit (Mat 8:16-17; Mat 12:28; Mar 16:17; Luk 10:17; Act 19:15).

(2)    Thousands of them can enter into and take possession of one man at the same time (Mar 5:9).

(3)    They must be discerned, tested, resisted, and rejected by believers (1Jn 4:1-6; 1Co 12:10; Eph 4:27; Eph 6:10-18; 1Pe 5:8-9).

(4)    They have more than ordinary intelligence (Mat 8:29).(5)    Their rightful place is in the abyss (Luk 8:31; Rev 9:1-

21).(6)    They have personality (Luk 8:26-33).(7)    They are disembodied (Mat 12:43-45).(8)    They are Satan’s emissaries (Mat 12:26-29).(9)    They are numerous (Mar 5:9).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 76(10)    They can enter into and control both men and animals

(Mar 5:1-18), and they seek embodiment (Mat 12:43-45; Luk 8:32).

(11)    Demon possession and demon influence are different (cp. Mat 4:23-24 with Mat 16:21-23).

(12)    Demons know their fate (Mat 8:31-32) and recognize those who have power over them (Act 19:13-17).

(13)    They fear God (Jas 2:19).(14)    They inflict physical maladies (Mat 12:22; Mat 17:15-

18).(15)    They wage war on saints (Eph 6:10-18).(16)    They influence men (1Ti 4:1-5; 2Pe 2:10-12).(17)    All unbelievers are more or less in league with them

(Eph 2:1-3).(18)    The only resources against them are prayer and the

whole armor of God (Mat 17:21; Eph 6:10-18).(19)    There are demon spirits for every sickness, unholy trait,

and doctrinal error known among people.(20)    They must be cast out or resisted in order to experience

relief from them.

7. Traffic with demon spirits is forbidden in both testaments (Lev 19:31; Lev 20:6; Deu 18:10; 1Ch 10:13-14; Isa 8:19; Luk 4:41; Act 16:16; 1Ti 4:1-5; 2Pe 2:1-3; 1Jn 4:1-6).

Appearances of Angels to MenScripture records at least 104 appearances of angels to human beings. They have appeared to:

1.    Hagar (2 times, Gen_16:7-11; Gen_21:17)2.    Abraham (3 times, Gen_18:2; Gen_22:11, Gen_22:15)3.    Lot and Sodomites (Gen_19:1-22)4.    Jacob (3 times, Gen_28:12; Gen_31:11; Gen_32:1)5.    Moses (Exo_3:2)6.    Balaam (Num_22:22-35)7.    Joshua (Heb_5:1-14 :15; Exo_23:20-23; Exo_32:34)8.    Israel (Jdg_2:1-5)9.    Gideon (Jdg_6:11-22)10.    Manoah’s wife (Jdg_13:3-5)11.    Manoah and his wife (Jdg_13:9-21)12.    David (2Sa_24:1-25; 1Ch_21:1-30)13.    Elijah (4 times, 1Ki_19:5-7; 2Ki_1:3, 2Ki_1:15)14.    Elisha and servant (2Ki_6:16-17)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 7715.    Assyrians (2Ki_19:35; Isa_37:36)16.    Hebrew children (Dan_3:25-28)17.    Nebuchadnezzar (Dan_3:24-25)18.    Daniel (5 times, Heb_6:1-20 :22; Dan_8:16; Dan_9:21;

Dan_10:5-21; Dan_12:5-7)19.    Zechariah (7 times, Heb_1:8-19; Zec_2:3; Zec_3:1-6;

Zec_4:1-5; Zec_5:5-10; Zec_6:4-5; Zec_12:8)20.    Joseph (3 times, Mat_1:20; Mat_2:13, Mat_2:19)21.    Mary (Luk_1:26-38)22.    Zacharias (Luk_1:20-38)23.    Shepherds (Luk_2:9-14)24.    Jesus (2 times, Mat_4:11; Luk_22:43)25.    Some women (Mat_28:1-5)26.    The disciples (Act_1:11)27.    Peter and John (Act_5:19)28.    Philip (Act_8:26)29.    Cornelius (Act_10:3, Act_10:30-32)30.    Peter (Act_12:7-11)31.    Paul (Act_27:23)32.    John (52 angels in Revelation)

Heb 1:7 And of the angels He says: "WHO MAKES HIS ANGELS SPIRITS AND HIS MINISTERS A FLAME OF FIRE."

Psa 104:4 Who makes His angels spirits, His ministers a flame of fire.

Ministers a Flame of Fire[ministers] sharath (H8334), servants.

Human ministers of God is the reference, not angels.

The word is translated servant 5 times and minister (62 times as verb, and 17 times as a noun).

Almost without exception it is used of the priests and Levites of the tabernacle and temple worship, and of the servants of Israel’s kings (Psa 104:1-35 : Psalm Psa 4:1-8; Psa 103:21; Ezr 8:17; Isa 61:6; Jer 33:21; Eze 44:11; Eze 45:4-5; Eze 46:24; Joe 1:9, Joe 1:13; Joe 2:17).

Ministers of the gospel are successors of the O.T. ministers (Luk 1:2; 1Co 3:5; 1Co 4:1; 2Co 3:6; 2Co 6:4; Heb 1:7).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 78The word for "flaming" lahat (H3857), to blaze or set on fire.

The word is used of the flaming sword of the cherubim who guarded the way of the tree of life (Gen 3:24); of the wicked being burned up at Armageddon (Mal 4:1); of fire burning the wicked rebels in Israel (Psa 106:18); of a flame burning up trees (Psa 83:14; Joe 1:19); of hell fire punishing the wicked (Deu 32:22); of bitter anger speaking forth (Psa 57:4); of bitter anger in battle (Isa 42:25); and of the fury of Satan (Job 41:21).

It can be seen from these uses that God’s ministers being a flame of fire means that they are to be so full of zeal and the anointing of the Spirit that nothing can stand before them (Joh 2:17).

Those in ministry are to have absolute authority and power over all the works of the devil (Mat 18:18; Mar 16:17-18; Luk 10:19; Luk 24:49; Joh 14:12-15; Act 1:4-8; 1Co 4:20; 1Co 12:4-8) and represent God among men, as exemplified by Christ, the apostles and early believers.

10] Come now therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth my people the children of Israel out of Egypt.

God called Moses, He makes no mistakes.

“Now” - not tomorrow. (Vs. 40 years earlier for Moses). Acts 7:25; Ex 2:11.

Note: not divine, cosmic event (angels, etc.) Human agency appointed.

11] And Moses said unto God, Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt?

It’s good to be modest, but it goes too far if one utterly lacks self-confidence.

Compare his boldness and self-confidence prior to this (Exo 2:11-15).

12] And he said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 79hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain.

What could inspire confidence more than God’s backing (Exo 3:12)?

[token] The token was that when the mission was accomplished Israel would serve God on Mt. Sinai.

H226 אות 'oth1) sign, signal

1a) a distinguishing mark1b) banner1c) remembrance1d) miraculous sign1e) omen1f) warning

2) token, ensign, standard, miracle, proof

Notice that the sign that God gave Moses was to appear after Moses had completed his assigned task, not before.

Moses had to act by faith in God’s word – in this case His spoken word,

13] And Moses said unto God, Behold, when I come unto the children of Israel, and shall say unto them, The God of your fathers hath sent me unto you; and they shall say to me, What is his name? what shall I say unto them?

[What is his name? What shall I say unto them?] Moses was familiar with the Egyptian custom of naming every god, so he anticipated this question.

“I Am that I Am”14] And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said,

Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you.

[I AM THAT I AM] ’Eheyeh (H1961) ’asher (H834) ’Eheyeh (H1961) I am that (who or what) I am

I am the Self-existent One, the Eternal, who always has been and always will be (Psa 90:2).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 80Psa 90:2 Before the mountains were brought forth, Or

ever You had formed the earth and the world, Even from everlasting to everlasting, You are God.

It’s shortened here to "I AM," equivalent to Jehovah (Jehovah (H3068)) the Eternal.

I AM H1961 היה hayah Part of Speech: verb1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)1a1) -----

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or

time)1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word

of locality)1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

A paradigm of the verb “I was, I am, and I always will continue to be.”

The three-fold development of the verb “to be.”

Also called the “tetragammeton” and there is a lot of scholastic dispute as to how to pronounce it.

Each Hebrew letter has a numerical value, and when they were copying the text, they would add up the sum of each page making sure it matched the original.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 81It is due to their precision that we see very little differences in the older manuscripts and those found in Qumran although there were so many years between them.

The Hebrews were entrusted with the name of God, the I AM.

They revered that name so highly that they refused to pronounce it.

They put the tetragammeton in the text instead and over the centuries have forgotten how to pronounce it.

The irony is that we are not sure how to pronounce it because they revered it so highly that they felt it was unpronounceable (they were not worthy to pronounce it), and through those traditions, have lost it.

Fortunately, we have and know Him by a new Name, Jesus Christ.

The Gospel of John is organized around the 7 “I Am” statements of Jesus Christ which give rise to 7 miracles, which give rise to 7 discourses, and each of those discourses has an “I Am” statement in the middle.

1. “I Am the Bread of Life”; 2. “I Am the Way the Truth and the Light”; 3. “I Am the Living Water”; 4. “I Am the Resurrection and the Life”; 5. “I Am the Light of the World”; 6. “I Am the True Vine”; 7. “I Am the Good Shepherd.”

Joh 8:18-19 NKJV I am One who bears witness of Myself, and the Father who sent Me bears witness of Me." 19 Then they said to Him, "Where is Your Father?" Jesus answered, "You know neither Me nor My Father. If you had known Me, you would have known My Father also."

Jesus always met sinners with compassion and forgiveness, except for one group which He used harsh language toward, the professional religionists of the day.

Religion in the sense that Adam and Eve tried to cover themselves as opposed to adopting the covering that God had provided.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 82Joh 8:56-59 NKJV Your father Abraham rejoiced to see My day,

and he saw it and was glad." 57 Then the Jews said to Him, "You are not yet fifty years old, and have You seen Abraham?" 58 Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM." 59 Then they took up stones to throw at Him; but Jesus hid Himself and went out of the temple, going through the midst of them, and so passed by.

Verse 56-58, Jesus is saying that He was the voice in the burning bush.

Notice verse 59, where they took up stones to kill him according to the law against blasphemy.

In John 8 Jesus Christ claimed not only to be God, but to be the voice of the burning bush.

15] And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you: this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations.

[The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob] The second time that God identified Himself to Moses, but this time "fathers" (in the plural) is used instead of "father" as in Exo 3:6.

[this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations] Not only is the eternal name of God revealed, but also the promise of eternal generations of natural people on earth.

God’s name will be an eternal memorial to eternal generations.

16] Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and say unto them, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, appeared unto me, saying, I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt:

[elders] There was a regular government in Israel. The elders formed the ruling body and the court of judges

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 83which made all legal decisions (Exo 3:16, Exo 3:18; Exo 4:29; Exo 5:19).

[visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt] God made a personal trip to Egypt to see the true conditions, as He did on other occasions before acting in the affairs of men (Gen 3:8-19; Gen 4:6, Gen 4:9; Gen 6:5-7; Gen 11:5-8; Gen 18:1-8, Gen 18:21, Gen 18:33; Gen 19:1-22; etc.).

17] And I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with milk and honey.

[affliction] "Afflict" with its various endings is found 180 times, but refers to physical disease only 5 or 6 times.

God predicted this affliction in Gen 15:13-17.

Six tribes mentioned here typologically represent mankind – all men.

When we get to Joshua and they go into the land, seven tribes are named.

Joshua is a model of the book of Revelation and the listing of the tribes even exemplify the conformance of that idea in the Scripture.

Notice that the language of God allows no contingencies! No “ifs,” “maybes,” “buts,” or “perhaps.”

18] And they shall hearken to thy voice: and thou shalt come, thou and the elders of Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and ye shall say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath met with us: and now let us go, we beseech thee, three days’ journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.

[they shall hearken to thy voice] God predicted Israel’s obedience, but before they obeyed they had many more bitter experiences (Exo 3:18; Exo 4:29-31; Exo 5:7-23).

[elders of Israel] The rulers of Israel were to stand by Moses so

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 84that Pharaoh would know the whole nation acted, and not their leader only.

[three days’ journey into the wilderness] A three-day journey would put them well beyond Egyptian fortifications and into the wilderness of Sinai.

That is the interval between death and resurrection.

[sacrifice] Sacrifice was only a secondary reason; the main purpose was to leave Egypt altogether.

19] And I am sure that the king of Egypt will not let you go, no, not by a mighty hand.

God’s knowledge was based on Pharaoh’s true character.

He knew Pharaoh was a stubborn, proud ruler who was not in the habit of obeying gods or man - especially the God of the Hebrews who were so profitable to Egypt.

God also knew just how much it would take to break Pharaoh’s will.

20] And I will stretch out my hand, and smite Egypt with all my wonders which I will do in the midst thereof: and after that he will let you go.

[I will stretch out my hand, and smite Egypt] God would manifest His power to prove to Egypt and all other nations that His plan for the coming Messiah would be realized.

Sin would be put down and man’s dominion restored.

To this end God has always intervened and will yet do so until the goal is reached (2 Cor. 15:24-28; Rev. 20-22).

21] And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: and it shall come to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go empty:

When Moses returned to Eqypt and through the plagues it certainly did not APPEAR that the Hebrews enjoyed favor from the Egyptiains.

God planned for His people to receive just wages for all their hard labor.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 85Egypt gave them gifts to leave!

22] But every woman shall borrow of her neighbour, and of her that sojourneth in her house, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: and ye shall put them upon your sons, and upon your daughters; and ye shall spoil the Egyptians.

[borrow] sha’al (H7592), to ask; enquire, request; demand; require, beg

In 173 occurrences the word is translated "borrow" only 6 times.

It does not mean borrow here in the usual sense that we use the term.

It should be asked in Exo 3:22; Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35.

See the true meaning in Gen 24:47; Gen 26:7; Gen 32:29; Gen 34:12; 1Sa 1:17, 1Sa 1:20, 1Sa 1:27; 1Sa 8:10; Psa 2:8; etc.

One could not substitute "borrow" for "ask" in these and scores of other places and have the intended thought.

It was to "compensate" the whole nation for serving without pay for 80 to 100 years (i.e. reparations).

[jewels] keliy (H3627), something prepared; any implement, utensil, dress, vessel, weapon, jewel, or money.

The articles were of gold, silver, and cloth to be worn by the Israelites (Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35; Exo 35:22; Gen 24:53; Num 31:50-51; 1Sa 6:8, 1Sa 6:15; 2Ch 20:25; 2Ch 32:27; Job 28:17; Eze 16:17, Eze 16:39; Eze 23:26).

[ye shall put them upon your sons, and upon your daughters] Perhaps the Egyptians had stripped from the Israelites jewels, clothing, and other riches which they had when they came into Egypt.

Now would get from Egypt what they needed for travel (Exo 12:35).

[spoil the Egyptians] The spoil here was not by violence, but by asking and receiving.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 86In 1Sa 30:22 it signifies recovery of that which was taken away by violence.

The Egyptians would normally refuse such requests, but God would give Israel favor (Exo 3:21; Exo 11:2-3).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 87

Exodus 4The Rod and the Serpent1] And Moses answered and said, But, behold, they will not

believe me, nor hearken unto my voice: for they will say, The LORD hath not appeared unto thee.

[they will not believe me, nor hearken unto my voice] This chapter records the beginning of miracles which resulted in Israel’s deliverance.

Necessary PowerMoses was complaining of the lack of power to convince the people that he was divinely called.

It was natural to desire divine power and credentials.

No man has ever been called to a divine mission without the anointing of the Spirit to accomplish what he has been called to do, as is clear from the following:

1. Antediluvians (pre-flood) were blessed to accomplish their missions (Heb 11:5-7).

2. Postdiluvians (after the flood before Moses) were blessed (Heb 11:8-22; Gen 20:1-18; Gen 39:2, Gen 39:23; Gen 40:8; Gen 41:16, Gen 41:38).

3. Moses (Exodus 4:1-14:31; Exo 15:23-26; Exo 16:12; Exo 17:6; Num 11:16-25; Num 12:1-16; Num 14:28-37; Num 16:29-30, Num 16:37, Num 16:45-50; Num 21:5-9; Heb 11:24-29).

4. Tabernacle workers (Exo 31:3-5; Exo 36:1-2).5. Joshua (Deu 34:9; Jos 1:5; Jos 6:20; Jos 8:1-28; Joshua

11:1-12:24; Heb 11:30-31).6. Judges (Jdg 3:9-11, Jdg 3:13, Jdg 3:29-30; Jdg 4:15-24 ;

Jdg 7:7-25; Jdg 11:29-32; Jdg 13:25; Jdg 14:5-20; Jdg 15:1-20; Jdg 16:1-30; 1Sa 7:9-14; 1Sa 12:18; Heb 11:32-39).

7. Kings (1Sa 11:1-15; 1Sa 14:23; 1Sa 15:1-35; 1Sa 17:31-58; 2Sa 5:17-25; 2Sa 8:1-18; 2Sa 10:1-19; Heb 11:32-39; etc.).

8. Prophets (Gen 20:1-18; 1 Kings 17:1-2 Kings 13:25; Heb 11:32-39).

9. Jesus Christ (Mat 4:23-24; Mat 12:28; Luk 4:18-21; Joh

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 8810:10; Act 10:38).

10. Apostles and other believers (Mat 10:1-20; Mar 6:7-13; Mar 16:15-20; Luk 9:1-8; Luk 10:1-20; Joh 14:12; Act 2:38-47; Act 3:1-11; Act 5:1-16; Act 8:1-8; Act 9:17-19, Act 9:32-43; Act 13:6-12; Act 14:3-18; Act 15:12; Act 19:1-22; Act 28:1-9; Rom 1:11; Rom 15:18-19, Rom 15:29; 1Co 12:1-31; Gal 3:1-29; Heb 2:1-4; etc.).

Why should any man claim a divine call and mission without the power and anointing of the Spirit to demonstrate his call?

2] And the LORD said unto him, What is that in thine hand? And he said, A rod.

We will see here, three signs. The first time a sign is introduced in Scripture is worth your study..

[rod] A shepherd’s staff. Called later "the rod of God" because of miracles (Exo 4:20).

“Rod” - see Psalm 23:4. A rod is for protection, it is given of God’s grace for your protection.

Psalm 2:9; Rev 2:27, rod of iron.

3] And he said, Cast it on the ground. And he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from before it.

4] And the LORD said unto Moses, Put forth thine hand, and take it by the tail. And he put forth his hand, and caught it, and it became a rod in his hand:

Some would say that turning the rod into the serpent is in the service of Satan, as we will subsequently see Pharaoh’s emissaries did.

The proof that this is not of Satan is that Moses regained control of the rod, thus it is by the power of God (Ps 110; Jn 3; Num 21).

5] That they may believe that the LORD God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath appeared unto thee.This is the purpose of all miracles (Mar 16:15-20; Joh 7:37-

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 8939; Joh 14:12-15; Act 1:8; Act 2:38-39; Act 5:32; 2Co 12:1-21; Heb 2:1-4).

The Second Sign: Leprosy6] And the LORD said furthermore unto him, Put now thine

hand into thy bosom. And he put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow.

Leprosy was regarded as incurable in those days.

It was a repulsive, offensive type of illness.

Lev 13 and 14 are devoted entirely to leprosy and how to deal with it.

It was also a symbolic disease, it represented typologically sin.

Interestingly, Moses put his hand by his heart, it was not the hand that contaminated the heart but the heart that contaminated the hand.

Ten Cases of Leprosy1. Moses (Exo 4:6-7)2. Moses (Exo 4:30)3. Miriam (Num 12:1-16)4. Namaan (2Ki 5:1-19)5. Gehazi (2Ki 5:20-27)6. Four leprous men (2Ki 7:3)7. King Uzziah (2Ki 15:5; 2Ch 26:20)8. A leper Jesus healed (Mat 8:1-4)9. Simon the leper (Mat 26:6)10. Ten lepers Jesus healed (Luk 17:12)

7] And he said, Put thine hand into thy bosom again. And he put his hand into his bosom again; and plucked it out of his bosom, and, behold, it was turned again as his other flesh.

8] And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign.

The Third Sign: Water to Blood

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 909] And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also

these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land.

They believed Moses when he showed the first two signs, so this last one was not necessary (Exo 4:29-31).

This might refer to events described in Revelation 6 and 19.

Moses’ Rebuttal10] And Moses said unto the LORD, O my Lord, I am not

eloquent, neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken unto thy servant: but I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.

[I am not eloquent] Moses’ next objection was that he was not eloquent.

God promised to make him so, but he never did become eloquent because he still objected.

God therefore sent Aaron to be his spokesman (Exo 4:11-17).

This does not contradict Act 7:22, because one can be mighty in words and not eloquent.

Act 7:22 And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and deeds.

11] And the LORD said unto him, Who hath made man’s mouth? or who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind? have not I the LORD?

There is no impossibility with God. Since He made the faculties, He can also use them.

12] Now therefore go, and I will be with thy mouth, and teach thee what thou shalt say.

13] And he said, O my Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom thou wilt send.

Moses was not convinced God could make him eloquent, capable of delivering Israel. He still wanted Him to send someone

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 91else.

[him whom thou wilt send] The grammar implies to send him by the one whom He will send, the Meshiach.

14] And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Moses, and he said, Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know that he can speak well. And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee: and when he seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart.

[anger of the LORD was kindled against Moses] God’s anger proves Moses was stubborn and rebellious, not just consciousness of his weakness.

God gave in by sending Aaron.

The words anger and angry are found 266 times in the Old Testament and only 12 times in the New Testament.

Over 200 of these passages refer to God being angry at men.

It is not God’s nature to be angry without just cause.

He is by nature "slow to anger" (Neh 9:17; Psa 103:8; Psa 145:8)

His anger lasts but for "a moment" (Psa 30:5; Psa 103:9).

Twelve Things that Provoke God to Anger1. Stubbornness (Exo 4:14)2. Idolatry (Exo 32:7-14; Deu 4:25; Deu 6:15; Deu 9:18-19; Deu

32:16-22; Jos 23:16; Jdg 2:12-20; Jdg 3:6-8; Psa 78:58; Isa 65:3; Jer 7:18)

3. Murmuring (Num 11:1, Num 11:10)4. Pride (Num 12:9)5. Self-will (Num 22:22)6. Adultery (Num 25:3-4; Psa 106:28-29)7. Rebellion (Num 32:10, Num 32:14)8. Backsliding (Deu 7:4; Deu 13:12-18; Deu 29:18-21; Deu

31:17, Deu 31:29; Jdg 2:12-20; Jdg 10:6-7; 2Ki 22:17; 2Ch 34:25; Isa 1:4)

9. Sin (Jos 7:1, Jos 7:26; Jos 23:16; 2Sa 24:1; 1Ki 11:9; 1Ki 15:30; 1Ki 16:2-33; 1Ki 21:22; 2Ki 24:20; Isa 5:18-25)

10. Interfering with the ark (2Sa 6:7; 1Ch 13:10)11. Spiritualism (2Ki 21:1-16; 2Ch 33:6)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 9212. Wickedness (Jer 44:3-6; Eze 8:17; Psa 7:11)

[Aaron] The first mention of Aaron, whose name appears 350 times, while that of Moses appears 848 times.

He became the first high priest of Israel.

[Levite] The first time this word is used.

Here it means that Aaron was chief of the priests in the tribe of Levi.

Applied to others, it refers to members of the tribe who were priests and ministers (Exo 6:16-25; Num 3:45; Deu 10:8-9).

[I know that he can speak well.] This is part of omniscience, but to say God knew this about Aaron before he was even born carries the doctrine too far.

God knows our thoughts afar off (Psa 139:2), but He does not try to know them from eternity past.

Cf: God’s omniscience, Freewill, Predestination[he cometh forth to meet thee] Aaron was not simply walking

down the road. It was at this point that God spoke to him and told him to go meet Moses in the wilderness.

Moses and family set out for Egypt. Aaron set out to find him in the wilderness. Exo 4:27

This revelation illustrates how God gave knowledge of creation past and hundreds of other facts man could never have known by himself.

God had evidently anticipated the objections of Moses and had spoken to Aaron (Exo 4:27; cp. Act 9:10-19; Act 10:7-33).

Whether this was God’s intentional will or His circumstantial will, God’s will would be carried out.

15] And thou shalt speak unto him, and put words in his mouth: and I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what ye shall do.

[put words in his mouth] This clearly defines inspiration.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 93It is simply God putting words in the mouths of prophets and being with them in all they say (Exo 4:15-16; cp. Num 23:5, Num 23:16; Num 22:35; Deu 18:18; Joh 17:8).

Aaron shall be thy spokesman (Exo 4:16) or prophet [message bearer] (Exo 7:1).

Mat 10:19 But when they deliver you up, take no thought how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak.

Mar 13:11 But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no thought beforehand what ye shall speak, neither do ye premeditate: but whatsoever shall be given you in that hour, that speak ye: for it is not ye that speak, but the Holy Ghost.

Luk 12:11 And when they bring you unto the synagogues, and unto magistrates, and powers, take ye no thought how or what thing ye shall answer, or what ye shall say:

16] And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people: and he shall be, even he shall be to thee instead of a mouth, and thou shalt be to him instead of God.

He is saying that Aaron will be subordinate to Moses, but Aaron will be the spokesman, a mouthpiece for Moses.

[spokesman] Called "thy prophet" in Exo 7:1, indicating that prophets were spokesmen for God, qualified only by His Spirit, having received the gift of prophecy (Act 3:21; 2Co 12:1-11; 2Ti 3:15-17; 2Ti 4:1-4; 2Pe 1:21).

They spoke to men in God’s place.

Even though Aaron became his spokesman, Moses retained his position as mediator.

17] And thou shalt take this rod in thine hand, wherewith thou shalt do signs.[this rod] This was the same shepherd’s staff he used to herd

sheep.

He was commissioned to use it in all miracles that he would perform.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 94Moses Returns to Egypt18] And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father in law,

and said unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren which are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive. And Jethro said to Moses, Go in peace.

Note that Moses’ supernatural calling did not relieve him of his obligations and responsibilities to others.

[see whether they be yet alive[ [Not the reason God said to go back to Egypt]

19] And the LORD said unto Moses in Midian, Go, return into Egypt: for all the men are dead which sought thy life.

[Go, return into Egypt] God now told him to go back to his people (cp. Gen 31:3; Gen 32:9).

Nothing was said to his father-in-law Jethro about his call, revelation, or purpose of returning to Egypt at this time.

[for all the men are dead which sought thy life] This may have been one of the reasons in Aaron’s thinking that caused him to set out to seek for Moses (Exo 4:14, Exo 4:27; cp. Mat 2:15, Mat 2:20).

[all the men] Not only Pharaoh, but the entire court faction.

20] And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the rod of God in his hand.

[sons] Note that “sons” is plural.

This is the first mention of sons, only one having been mentioned before (Exo 4:20; Exo 2:22).

How old they were is not known.

[ass] The Septuagint reads "asses."

It would take more than one for five persons to travel on, regardless of how young the sons were.

Moses, his wife, two sons and Aaron

[rod of God] His rod was now "the rod of God" because it was an instrument of miracles (Exo 4:2-4, Exo 4:17, Exo 4:20; Exo

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 957:9-20; Exo 8:5, Exo 8:16-17; Exo 9:23; Exo 10:13; Exo 14:16; Exo 17:5-9; Num 20:11).

In Moses hand it was just a stick. With God’s power and commission it was God’s stick – still in Moses own hand.

21] And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

[harden] chazaq (H2388), to brace or tighten as opposed to relax (Exo 4:21; Exo 7:13, Exo 7:22; Exo 8:19; Exo 9:12, Exo 9:35; Exo 10:20, Exo 10:27; Exo 11:10; Exo 14:4, Exo 14:8, Exo 14:17; Jos 11:20). Stubborn, stiffnecked

God hardened Pharoah’s heartExo_4:21 And the LORD said to Moses, "When you go back to

Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the miracles that I have put in your power. But I will harden his heart, so that he will not let the people go.

Exo_7:3 But I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and though I multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

Exo_7:13 Still Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, as the LORD had said. 14 Then the LORD said to Moses, "Pharaoh's heart is hardened; he refuses to let the people go.

Exo_7:22 But the magicians of Egypt did the same by their secret arts. So Pharaoh's heart remained hardened, and he would not listen to them, as the LORD had said.

Exo_8:15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was a respite, he hardened his heart and would not listen to them, as the LORD had said.

Exo_8:19 Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, "This is the finger of God." But Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, as the LORD had said.

Exo_8:32 But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also, and did not let the people go.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 96Exo_9:7 And Pharaoh sent, and behold, not one of the livestock

of Israel was dead. But the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

Exo_9:12 But the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not listen to them, as the LORD had spoken to Moses.

Exo_9:34 But when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunder had ceased, he sinned yet again and hardened his heart, he and his servants. 35 So the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people of Israel go, just as the LORD had spoken through Moses.

Exo_10:1 Then the LORD said to Moses, "Go in to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may show these signs of mine among them,

Exo_10:20 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go.

Exo_10:27 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

Exo_11:10 Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go out of his land.

Exo_14:4 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he will pursue them, and I will get glory over Pharaoh and all his host, and the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD." And they did so.

Exo_14:8 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the people of Israel while the people of Israel were going out defiantly.

Exo_14:17 And I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they shall go in after them, and I will get glory over Pharaoh and all his host, his chariots, and his horsemen.

When God approaches Moses in the wilderness of Midian, Moses did not know Him.

While Moses knew about God, he had only heard 200-400 year old stories and traditions passed from generation to generation.

The same was true with the rest of the Israelities.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 97The events at the burning bush was the first personal contact God had initiated in those many years.

The plagues and the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart was as much God revealing Himself to Israel as it was a demonstration of power and judgment on Pharaoh and Egypt.

Pharaoh thought himself to be god, infallible, undefeatable, not to be challenged. God used that attitude to demonstrate and reintroduce Himself to Israel.

God is often said to do the things He only permits others to do.

God gave Pharaoh the chance to resist Him and harden his own heart (Exo 4:21; Exo 9:12; Exo 10:1, Exo 10:20, Exo 10:27; Exo 11:10; Exo 14:8; cp. Rom 9:18).

Each time there was also a chance to repent and obey, but Pharaoh refused.

In the same way the gospel saves or damns, softens or hardens all who hear it today (Rom 2:4-11; 2Co 2:15-16).

As the sun hardens clay but softens wax, so it is with truth. The results reveal the nature of the materials.

22] And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my firstborn:

[my son, even my firstborn] God is positioning to treat Israel not only as His chosen people but, in a sense, as His Firstborn.

Here God calls the nation of Israel His son and firstborn as contrasted with the firstborn of Egypt.

Pharaoh would understand this fully, for he himself was called son of Ra, or beloved of his god.

God was telling him that He loved Israel as he himself loved his firstborn (Exo 4:23).

Egypt does not want to let God’s Firstborn go, God ultimately takes Egypt’s firstborn.

This was not an afterthought!

23] And I say unto thee, Let my son go, that he may serve me: and if thou refuse to let him go, behold, I will slay thy son, even thy firstborn.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 98[serve me] Israel could not serve God in Egypt, for part of their

sacrifices were cattle which were most sacred to the Egyptians.

Moses gave this reason in Exo 8:26.

Serving God goes way beyond a sacrifice out in the desert. God still had plans for His people.

[I will slay thy son, even thy firstborn] This prediction had to come true before Pharaoh would break and let Israel go (Exo 11:4-10; Exo 12:1-36).

24] And it came to pass by the way in the inn, that the LORD met him, and sought to kill him.

[inn] An oasis area, a rest stop, for the night by a watering place, not necessarily a hotel (Gen 42:27).

God seems to have come physically to kill one of Moses’ sons because he had neglected to circumcise him.

It was a promise to Abraham that the uncircumcised male would be cut off (Gen 17:14).

God was acting to deliver Israel. So, it was necessary to enforce the letter of the covenant.

25] Then Zipporah took a sharp stone, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet, and said, Surely a bloody husband art thou to me.

Zipporah eventually gives in, but she is upset. Understanding that God sought to kill the boy, she took a knife and circumcised him to save his life.

She cast the foreskin down at Moses’ feet and God let the boy live.

Some scholars think that this is when she left him. We will see later that Moses had a second wife, an Ethopian.

[bloody husband] A husband of bloods, i.e., with rites of blood, referring to circumcision which she tried to avoid.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 9926] So he let him go: then she said, A bloody husband thou

art, because of the circumcision.27] And the LORD said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to

meet Moses. And he went, and met him in the mount of God, and kissed him.

[met him in the mount of God] Aaron met Moses at Mt. Sinai, perhaps at the time he received the revelation - before he told Jethro and started toward Egypt with his wife and sons (Exo 4:14, Exo 4:27-28).

The brothers had been separated 40 years.

28] And Moses told Aaron all the words of the LORD who had sent him, and all the signs which he had commanded him.

Where was Aaron these 40 years? In Egypt. God calls Aaron out of Egypt and across the desert to meet Moses.

29] And Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of the children of Israel:

30] And Aaron spake all the words which the LORD had spoken unto Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the people.

[did the signs in the sight of the people] This was the second time that Moses performed the signs of becoming a leper and being healed, and of turning his rod into a serpent (Exo 4:2-9, Exo 4:30-31).

The people believed Moses and Aaron so the third sign of water to blood was not needed to convince them.

31] And the people believed: and when they heard that the LORD had visited the children of Israel, and that he had looked upon their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped.

There are no unfruitful errands, God does not make mistakes. There are no accidents.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 100

Exodus 5The first “section” - the first six chapters is focusing on the Deliverer (the occasion, the birth and the early years of Moses).

The book of Genesis was focused on the family;

The book of Exodus focuses on the nation.

The second “section” focuses on the Redemption.

Moses and Aaron Tell Pharaoh1] And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told

Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness.

[And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh] After convincing Israel of his call and divine mission, they made their first demand upon Pharaoh.

[Let my people go] Seven demands of God on Pharaoh:

1. Let My people go, so that they may hold a feast unto Me in the wilderness (Exo 5:1).

2. Let My people go, so that they may serve Me in the wilderness (Exo 7:16).

3-7. Let My people go, so that they may serve Me (Exo 8:1; Exo 8:20; Exo 9:1; Exo 9:13; Exo 10:3).

[that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness] An interesting request.

Moses is really going to ask that these people be freed from slavery and bondage and turned loose;

but that is not what he asks here.

God is demonstrating the unreasonableness of Pharaoh.

Part of what God is doing here is positioning the contest between God and Pharaoh.

If Pharaoh won’t let them go for a week to sacrifice to God, he certainly is not prepared to release them once and for all.

God is establishing Pharoah as unreasonable.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 101“A Feast” - what is Israel going to do when they get to the wilderness?

A Sacrifice to God on Mount Sinai. God views this as a feast.

2] And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.

Pharaoh is speaking on behalf of the world.

Pharoah and the rest pof the world will find out who the Lord is very shortly

[I know not the LORD] Pharaoh was an idolater, unacquainted with the true and living God.

The beginning of Pharaoh’s hardening.

Nine Answers of Pharaoh to God ’s Demands 1. Who is the Lord, that I should obey His voice to let Israel go? I

know not the Lord, neither will I let Israel go (Exo 5:2). One plague before the next answer (Exo 7:20-25).

2. Intreat the Lord to take away the frogs and I will let the people go to sacrifice to the Lord (Exo 8:8).

Three plagues before the next answer (Exo 8:6-19).3. Go sacrifice to your God in the land ... only do not go very far

(Exo 8:25, Exo 8:28). Three plagues before the next two answers (Exo 9:1-26).

4. I have sinned: the Lord is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.

Intreat the Lord that there be no more thunder and hail, and I will let you go (Exo 9:27-28).

5. Go ... you that are men, and serve the Lord (Exo 10:8-11). One plague before the next answer (Exo 10:12-15).

6. I have sinned against the Lord your God, and against you. Forgive my sin only this once, and intreat the Lord to take away from me this death only (Exo 10:16-17).

One plague before the next two answers (Exo 10:21-23).7. Go serve the Lord; only let your flocks and your herds remain;

let your little ones also go with you (Exo 10:24).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1028. Go from me, see my face no more (Exo 10:28).

One plague before the next and final answer (Exodus 11:1-12:30).

9. Go forth from my people and serve the Lord, as you have said. Take your flocks and be gone; bless me also (Exo 12:31-

32).

3] And they said, The God of the Hebrews hath met with us: let us go, we pray thee, three days’ journey into the desert, and sacrifice unto the LORD our God; lest he fall upon us with pestilence, or with the sword.

[sacrifice] Sacrifice was necessary for the redemption of man and the restoration of his dominion.

The whole Bible centers around the sacrifice of Christ, which all animal sacrifices typified (Heb 9:22).

4] And the king of Egypt said unto them, Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, let the people from their works? get you unto your burdens.

5] And Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of the land now are many, and ye make them rest from their burdens.

One can infer here that since Moses and Aaron arrived, they shared with the people their mission and their miracles. They know that they are about to be delivered, Moses, the long-awaited deliver is now among them. There is evidence that God has appointed this time (the three signs we talked about last time).

Apparently, the people were not working.

Pharaoh Takes Away the Straw6] And Pharaoh commanded the same day the taskmasters

of the people, and their officers, saying,[commanded the same day the taskmasters of the people,

and their officers] The second act of Pharaoh in resisting the demands of God (Exo 5:2, Exo 5:6-9).

[taskmasters] nagas, exactors or oppressors.

Not the same as those in Exo 1:11. These were personally responsible to Pharaoh and were over the taskmasters

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 103who actually directed the work of the Israelites.

[officers] These were Hebrew officers who directed the work under the Egyptians (Exo 5:6, Exo 5:14-15).

7] Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves.

[straw] teben (H8401), stalks of straw used as fodder; chaff; stubble (Exo 5:7, Exo 5:10-13, Exo 5:16, Exo 5:18).

Egyptian bricks were 20 inches long, 8 inches wide, and 7 inches thick.

Eastern bricks were often made of chopped straw and clay dried in the sun.

The straw in them caused several impacts:

The fiber of the straw gave the bricks structure;

There was an acid from the straw’s decomposing that had a chemical effect creating a superior form of brick.

The straw preserved the original color.

The new task imposed on the Hebrews was to search and gather stubble from the fields to replace the straw that had been previously furnished to them all while making the same number of bricks as before (Exo 5:7-13).

A specific move by the administration to show who was in charge, and to serve as a lesson for this religious interruption and distraction, to punish them for demanding to leave Egypt (Exo 5:8-9).

8] And the tale of the bricks, which they did make heretofore, ye shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish ought thereof: for they be idle; therefore they cry, saying, Let us go and sacrifice to our God.

[tale of the bricks] Number of, or measurement of brick.

9] Let there more work be laid upon the men, that they may labour therein; and let them not regard vain words.

[vain words] TWhat the Egyptians considered the revelation of the God of Israel to be (Exo 5:8-9).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 104“We’ll entertain no more empty talk about this God and Moses’s demands.”

10] And the taskmasters of the people went out, and their officers, and they spake to the people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoh, I will not give you straw.

11] Go ye, get you straw where ye can find it: yet not ought of your work shall be diminished.

12] So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw.

13] And the taskmasters hasted them, saying, Fulfil your works, your daily tasks, as when there was straw.

14] And the officers of the children of Israel, which Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and demanded, Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and today, as heretofore?

[Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and to day, as heretofore?]

[beaten] The Egyptian taskmasters beat the Hebrew officers (foremen).

The ordinary punishment in Egypt for common offenses required a person to lie on his stomach with his legs and feet upward.

The executioner then struck many blows on the soles of the feet, making it almost impossible to walk for weeks and often crippling the victim for life.

15] Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants?

Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants?] Israe turns to Pharaoh, “the leader of the world” for relief.

It was impossible for the workers to gather straw and make the same number of brick as before.

The Israel officers pleaded for mercy, but received none.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 10516] There is no straw given unto thy servants, and they say

to us, Make brick: and, behold, thy servants are beaten; but the fault is in thine own people.

[fault is in thine own people] The sin of the Egyptians was twofold:

1. To require impossibilities.2. To punish for work that could not possibly be done by

man.

17] But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, Let us go and do sacrifice to the LORD.

[Ye are idle] Pharaoh blamed the laziness of the people on their religion.

It is common for the ungodly to blame religion for many things.

18] Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you, yet shall ye deliver the tale of bricks.

19] And the officers of the children of Israel did see that they were in evil case, after it was said, Ye shall not minish ought from your bricks of your daily task.

The Hebrew officers almost gave up hope when they received no mercy and deliverance seemed impossible.

20] And they met Moses and Aaron, who stood in the way, as they came forth from Pharaoh:

21] And they said unto them, The LORD look upon you, and judge; because ye have made our savour to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in their hand to slay us.

[ye have made our savour to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in their hand to slay us] They blamed Moses and Aaron for their plight and called God to witness the truth of their accusation.

They concluded that they were destined to die by the sword for not being able to perform their tasks.

This caused Moses to make his sixth complaint to God, and

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 106God acted (Exo 5:22-23; Exo 6:1-8).

22] And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Lord, wherefore hast thou so evil entreated this people? why is it that thou hast sent me?

[wherefore hast thou so evil entreated this people] They blamed Moses and Aaron (Exo 5:21), and Moses blamed God (Exo 5:22).

Even after his calling and training in the wilderness and the miracles he had seen, Moses was as quick to lose patience and complain as Israel.

He wanted to know why he had been sent, because God had not delivered them at all.

Moses expected that he would delver God’s message and Pharaoh would capitulate and let Israel leave.

Both Israel and Moses concluded that their misery was increased by God’s demand to let Israel go and that it would have been better not to make such demands (Exo 5:21-23).

This was a recurring conclusion of the people throughout the Wilderness journeys.

23] For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name, he hath done evil to this people; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all.

[since I came to Pharaoh] If Pharaoh surrendered at Moses first demand:

It would not have been what God told Moses to do – not just a few days but leave forever…

Moses would be glorified and viewed as the hero rather than God

Moses had probably been back in Egypt only a few days - a few weeks at the most.

God had not been given time to humble Pharaoh, deliver Israel and deliver on His full promise including leaving with much goods.

The enemy had to be defeated and surrender.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 107God had to be glorified by all.

But, Moses is frustrated, the people are worse off than when he started.

It is easy for us as we know the end of the story.

Psa 103:13-14 NKJV As a father pities his children, So the LORD pities those who fear Him. 14 For He knows our frame; He remembers that we are dust.

God, in every case where He brings judgment, brings someone to give warning and an opportunity to turn.

Enoch was a preacher to the pre-flood people.

Even Enoch’s son was named, Methuselah, “when he dies it shall come,” and the year that Methuselah dies is the year that the Flood comes. Gen 5:17 ffNoah was 120 years preaching about the Flood to come.

Jonah preached to Ninevah...

You can go through the whole Scripture and see that there was always someone sent to warn of impending destruction.

Even today, we are about to see the plagues of Rev 6-19 come upon the planet earth.

Joh 16:7-15 NKJV Nevertheless I tell you the truth. It is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you; but if I depart, I will send Him to you. 8 And when He has come, He will convict the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment: 9 of sin, because they do not believe in Me; 10 of righteousness, because I go to My Father and you see Me no more; 11 of judgment, because the ruler of this world is judged. 12 "I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. 13 However, when He, the Spirit of truth, has come, He will guide you into all truth; for He will not speak on His own authority, but whatever He hears He will speak; and He will tell you things to come. 14 He will glorify Me, for He will take of what is Mine and declare it to you. 15 All things that the Father has are Mine. Therefore I said that He will take of Mine and declare it to you.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 108The Length of the PlaguesIt would take three to seven weeks for the ten plagues.

Twenty-six days are named, besides the time needed for certain plagues to become effective and perform what they were designed to do:

1.   One day to go before Pharaoh and perform the serpent miracle (Exo 7:10-15)

2.   Seven days for the miracle of the waters to blood (Exo 7:15-25)

3.   Several days for frogs to cover all Egypt and accomplish the purpose in making life unbearable (Exo 8:1-8)

4.   One day to destroy frogs (Exo 8:10-15)5.   Several days for the lice plague to have the desired effect

(Exo 8:16-19)6.   Several days for the flies to plague all of Egypt.

Two days are mentioned for bringing and removing them (Exo 8:23, Exo 8:29)

7.   Two days - one to announce and one to destroy the animals of Egypt, besides time for Pharaoh to harden his heart (Exo 9:1, Exo 9:5, Exo 9:7)

8.   Several days for boils to be upon the Egyptians (Exo 9:8-12)9.   One day to announce the next plague (Exo 9:13);

one day for the plague (hail) to begin (Exo 9:18); and one day for Moses to be called (Exo 9:27)

10  Two days for locusts to cover Egypt (Exo 10:4-6, Exo 10:13); one day for Moses to be called (Exo 10:8-11); a day or so for the locusts to cause their destruction in

Egypt (Exo 10:12-17); and two days to remove them (Exo 10:18-19 with Exo 5:13)

11. Three days of darkness (Exo 10:21-23) and one day to call Moses (Exo 10:24-29)

12. One day to ask of the Egyptians and to slay the passover (Exo 11:1-10; Exo 12:29-36)

On the basis of ten days for the first plague (Exo 7:25) and the ninth plague (Exo 10:22), and supposing that the other plagues lasted this long, at least fifty days were needed for the plagues.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 109

Exodus 61] Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what

I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land.

Then - after Israel had given up in despair and Moses complained that God had not kept His word (Exo 5:19-23).

God is being gentle with Moses who is frustrated.

[with a strong hand shall he let them go] Pharaoh would be forced both to let them leave and drive them out.

God says Pharaoh will not only let the Israelites go, he will chase you out of town.

Isa 46:10 Declaring the end from the beginning, And from ancient times things that are not yet done, Saying, 'My counsel shall stand, And I will do all My pleasure,'

God’s pleasure is to deliver Israel from Pharaoh.

It will be God’s pleasure to take possession of the earth again. It will be God’s pleasure to purge the earth of its usurper.

And it will happen with the same explicitness, the same detail that we will see in the book of Exodus.

Isa 55:11 So shall My word be that goes forth from My mouth; It shall not return to Me void, But it shall accomplish what I please, And it shall prosper in the thing for which I sent it.

Pro 21:30 There is no wisdom or understanding Or counsel against the LORD.

God’s Word is inviolate. Moses had to learn this. No “ifs.”

Ten Predictions of God1. I will bring judgment on Pharaoh (Exo 6:1).2. I will bring you out of Egypt (Exo 6:6).3. I will deliver you from slavery.4. I will redeem you with great power.5. I will redeem you with great judgments.6. I will take you for My people (Exo 6:7).7. I will be your God.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1108.  I will cause you to know that I am Jehovah (’Elohiym

(H430) - God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; Exo 6:7; cp. 1Jn 5:7).

9. I will bring you into Canaan, as promised Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Exo 6:8).

10. I will give you Canaan for a heritage.

2] And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD:

“I Am the Lord” - this phrase will appear frequently in this discourse. It is a throwback to the burning bush incident.

By My Name3] And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto

Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them.

Do not let verse 3 throw you, it is only a problem verse because of the way it is rendered in English.

Five Facts to which God Testifies1. I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.2. I did not reveal the full meaning of My name Jehovah to

them (Exo 6:3).3. I established My covenant with them to give Canaan to

their seed (Exo 6:4).4. I heard the groaning of Israel (Exo 6:5).5. I remembered My covenant and will now begin to fulfill it

(Exo 6:1, Exo 6:5).

[I am the LORD] Used 4 times in this prophecy of God’s faithfulness to fulfill His promises and covenants (Exo 6:2, Exo 6:6, Exo 6:7, Exo 6:8).

This passage has caused scholars problems since the name of YHWH was known to Abraham (Gen 13:4), Isaac (Gen 26:25) and Jacob (Gen 32:9,10).

The Hebrew can be translated as a rhetorical question. “By my name Jehovah was I not known to them?”

“El Shaddai” is the name of God that speaks of God’s provision. God Almighty.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 111“Elohim” is the Creator.“Jehovah” - YHWH. is the God of the Covenant.

It is the Covenant relationship we are going to see emphasized.

The word for “known” in the verse means experientially.

They believed it and looked forward to it but did not actually personally experience it’s fulfillment for themselves.

So the word ‘known’ here implies that it was not until Moses that we read that there was a possibility to experience the covenant relationship.

Heb 11:13 These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off were assured of them, embraced them and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.

God testified here that He had personally appeared to these three men as God Almighty ’’El (H410) Shaddai (H7706), the All Sufficient One Gen 17:1),

The full meaning of Jehovah (Jehovah (H3068), the Self-Existing One who keeps covenant) was known only to their descendants in the deliverance from Egypt and the settlement in Canaan,

as promised Abraham (Gen 12:1-3; Gen 13:14-17; Gen 15:4-6, Gen 15:13-21; Gen 17:2-8, Gen 17:19-21; Gen 18:18-19; Gen 21:12-13; Gen 22:17-18; Gen 24:7),

Isaac (Gen 26:3-4, Gen 26:24),

and Jacob (Gen 27:28-29, Gen 27:37; Gen 28:3-4, Gen 28:13-15; Gen 32:9; Gen 35:11-13; Gen 48:15-16).

The mention of His covenant in Exo 6:3-4, proves that God Almighty is His name in the making of the covenant, but Jehovah is used in its fulfillment.

The covenant provision here is the giving of Canaan to the descendants (Exo 6:4).

The patriarchs were merely pilgrims in Canaan and did not inherit any part of it while they lived (Heb 11:9; Act 7:4-7).

Covenants

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1124] And I have also established my covenant with them, to

give them the land of Canaan, the land of their pilgrimage, wherein they were strangers.

For 1900 years the denominational Christian Churches have taken the position with respect to Israel that because Israel rejected her Messiah, therefore, she forfeited the promises due her.

They then insist that the promises due to Israel devolve upon the Church.

This concept gave rise to the idea that Israel was never to be regathered in the land.

Since May 14, 1948, one would think that this debate would be put aside. Israel is in the land.

The promises that God made to Israel are unconditional.

If they are unconditional, there is no way the she can forfeit her promises, no matter how idolatrous she became, no matter how unfaithful, God’s Hand was (is) upon Israel.

The Everlasting CovenantThe everlasting covenant has to be made with someone everlasting.

Titus 1:2; Eph 2:7 tell us that it was made with Jesus Christ before time began.

Our redemption was a covenant that God made with Jesus Christ before the world was created!

Our heritage under this covenant is guaranteed (Ex 6:8).

The covenant is with the Son (Heb 7:22).

The earnest money, the down payment, was His blood (Eph 1:14).

We are guaranteed our inheritance (1 Pet 1:4).

For a study of the everlasting covenant, study Isa 55:3; Acts 13:34; Heb 13:20.

5] And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 113[I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel]It is a comfort that God knows when you are in trouble.

Every tear recorded: Psa 56:8 You number my wanderings; Put my tears into

Your bottle; Are they not in Your book?

The Seven “I Will” Statements6] Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the LORD,

and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments:

He starts and ends with the phrase, “I am the Lord” and in between He makes 7 interesting statements.

The Seven “I Will” Statements:1) Bring you out (God’s purpose);2) Rid you of bondage (more than relief);3) Redeem you (1 Pet 1:18,19; 1 Cor 6:20; Eph 1:19);4) Take you to Me;5) Be to you a God (2 Cor 6:16);6) Bring you into the land (Ex 17; Num 21);7) Give it to you for an heritage.

There are three other places in the Scripture where we have these “I Will” statements.

Genesis 17: 6, 7, 8, 19, 21; the Abrahamic Covenant.

There is a new covenant after which we get the name for the New Testament, Jeremiah 31:33, 34.

There is another place that comes to mind, five “I Wills” not seven, and that is in Isaiah 14, the “I Wills” of the imposter, Satan.

When you read seven “I Wills” of Exodus 6, remember the symbolism of Egypt to the world.

God wants to brings us out of the world, to rid us of sin, redeem us...

[redeem] Kinsman Redemption ga’al (H1350), "to redeem";

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 114to buy back a relative’s property after it has been sold or mortgaged.

This is its first use with Israel as a nation, identifying God as the Kinsman Redeemer of Israel, and making it clear that they were His people, chosen to fulfill His will (Exo 6:6-7).

Fourteen Uses of Ga ’al (H1350) in Scripture: 1.  Jacob from evil (Gen 48:16; cp. Psa 103:4)2.  Brother’s country possession by nearest kin (Lev 25:25-26;

Rth 4:4-6)3.  Land by seller if he can (Lev 25:26-28)4.  City property in a year if desired (Lev 25:29-32)5.  Kinsman from slavery (Lev 25:48-55)6.  Consecrated things (Lev 27:1-29)7.  Tithes (Lev 27:30-34)8.  Soul (Psa 69:18; Psa 72:14; Psa 107:2; Isa 35:9; Isa 43:1;

Isa 44:22-23; Isa 48:20; Isa 52:3; Isa 62:12)9.  Israel and Jerusalem from future Gentile bondage (Isa 52:9;

Isa 63:1-9)10. Death and hell (Hos 13:14)11. Canaan for Israel (Psa 74:2)12. Israel from Egypt (Exo 6:6-7; Psa 77:15; Psa 106:10)13. From destruction (Psa 103:4)14. The Redeemer Himself (Job 19:25; Psa 19:14; Psa 78:35;

Pro 23:11; Isa 41:14; Isa 43:14; Isa 44:6, Isa 44:24; Isa 47:4; Isa 48:17; Isa 49:7, Isa 49:26; Isa 54:5-8; Isa 59:20; Isa 60:16; Isa 63:16; Jer 50:34)

Israel would understand this because of the beatings given to them (Exo 5:14).

7] And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.

8] And I will bring you in unto the land, concerning the which I did swear to give it to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; and I will give it you for an heritage: I am the LORD.

The birth announcement for the nation.

[swear]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 115Isa 62:8 The LORD has sworn by His right hand And by the arm

of His strength: "Surely I will no longer give your grain As food for your enemies; And the sons of the foreigner shall not drink your new wine, For which you have labored.

There is a local sense of this (i.e., Israel being able to go into Canaan), and there is a broader sense of this in terms of the land being restored unto Israel, and even a broader sense yet, in terms of our inheritance with the Lord.

It is interesting that He begins and ends with this statement of His Deity.

Moses Relates The Lord’s Will9] And Moses spake so unto the children of Israel: but they

hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage.

[they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage]

Exo 4:21 And the LORD said to Moses, "When you go back to Egypt, see that you do all those wonders before Pharaoh which I have put in your hand. But I will harden his heart, so that he will not let the people go. While we are in bondage, even promises fail to bring relief.

Blood must first be applied...

Having God’s promises in your lap tonight is not enough! Applying the blood of Jesus Christ to your life will free you from bondage.

10] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,[the LORD spake] "The Lord spake" is found 20 times in Exodus

(Exo 6:10, Exo 6:13, Exo 6:28, Exo 6:29; Exo 7:8, Exo 7:19; Exo 8:1, Exo 8:5; Exo 12:1; Exo 13:1; Exo 14:1; Exo 16:11; Exo 25:1; Exo 30:11, Exo 30:17, Exo 30:22; Exo 31:1, Exo 31:12; Exo 33:11; Exo 40:1).

"God spake" is found in Exo 6:2; Exo 20:1.

11] Go in, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, that he let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 11612] And Moses spake before the LORD, saying, Behold, the

children of Israel have not hearkened unto me; how then shall Pharaoh hear me, who am of uncircumcised lips?

[Behold, the children of Israel have not hearkened unto me] Seventh complaint of Moses (Exo 3:11, refs.).

He wondered how a heathen king would listen to him when his own people would not?

[uncircumcised lips] Throw back to Exodus 4, slow speech...

Five Uncircumcised Things1. Lips (Exo 6:12, Exo 6:30).

For Moses this could mean a speech impediment (Exo 4:10-12)

2. Men (Gen 34:14; Exo 12:48; Jos 5:7; Jdg 14:3; Jdg 15:18; Eze 32:19-32)

3. Fruit (Lev 19:23)4. Heart (Lev 26:41; Jer 9:26; Eze 44:7-9; Act 7:51), meaning

stubborn and unconverted5. Ears (Jer 6:10) that will not listen to the truth

13] And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, and gave them a charge unto the children of Israel, and unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.

[charge unto the children of Israel, and unto Pharaoh king of Egypt]

This was the final charge before bringing judgments on Egypt and fulfilling the covenants and promises to Israel.

This begins a new section of the history of Israel.

The charge was addressed to Moses and Aaron to give to Israel and Pharaoh.

The demand itself was to let Israel go.

GenealogyThe genealogies given in verses 14-28 read like a parenthesis insert by a third person.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 117Genealogies are useful. They are often more than just historical info but can take a lot of diligent study.

14] These be the heads of their fathers’ houses: The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel; Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi: these be the families of Reuben.

[heads of their fathers’ houses]Heads of the TribesExo 6:14-25 are parenthetical, naming the first sons of Jacob and

Leah, proving to the Hebrews that their leaders were from Israel: Four branches of Reuben (Exo 6:14). Six branches of Simeon (Exo 6:15). Three branches of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari

(Exo 6:16). Two branches of Gershon (Exo 6:17). Four branches of Kohath (Exo 6:18). Two branches of Merari (Exo 6:19). Two branches of Amram from Kohath (Exo 6:20). Three branches of Izhar from Kohath (Exo 6:21). Three branches of Uzziel from Kohath (Exo 6:22). Four branches of Aaron of Amram from Kohath (Exo 6:23). Three branches of Korah of Izhar from Kohath (Exo 6:24). One branch of Aaron of Amram from Kohath (Exo 6:25).

15] And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman: these are the families of Simeon.

16] And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari: and the years of the life of Levi were an hundred thirty and seven years.

[sons of Levi] The line of Levi is expanded because they represent the lineage of Moses and Aaron, through which the deliverer comes.

Both Levi and Simeon are under a curse, Gen 49:5-7.

Seven purposes of the genealogy:1.  To show Moses’ and Aaron’s place in Israel’s genealogy - their

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 118leaders were from Abraham (Exo 6:20-26).

2.  To identify the three main branches of Levi, the priestly tribe of Israel (Exo 6:17).

3.  To give the full ages of Levi, Kohath, and Amram (Exo 6:16, Exo 6:18, Exo 6:20).

4.  To show that Kohath was the most prominent son of Levi (Exo 6:18, Exo 6:20-26).

5.  To show that the two great leaders of Israel - Moses the lawgiver and Aaron the first high priest - were of Kohath (Exo 6:18, Exo 6:20, Exo 6:23, Exo 6:25-26).

6.  To name the heads of the tribe of Levi (Exo 6:25) and to show the relationship of Korah, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar, Phinehas, and others to Levi, Moses, and Aaron (Exo 6:21-26).

7.  To list the family of Aaron (Exo 6:23)

[years of the life of Levi were an hundred thirty and seven years] Levi is the third son, 3 is the number of redemption. Levi, the third son of Jacob and Leah, was the father of all priests and Levites.

He lived 137 years (Exo 6:16), 27 years longer than Joseph (Gen 50:26), and 17 years longer than Moses (Deu 31:2).

He was about 49 when he went to Egypt with Jacob.

He lived 88 years after that and died 47 years before Moses was born, 127 years before the exodus.

17] The sons of Gershon; Libni, and Shimi, according to their families.18] And the sons of Kohath; Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron,

and Uzziel: and the years of the life of Kohath were an hundred thirty and three years.

[Kohath] Kohath, the son of Levi, begat Amram, the father of Moses and Aaron (Exo 6:16, Exo 6:18, Exo 6:20).

[Hebron] The only son of Kohath whose descendants are not mentioned here. Why is not clear.

They are mentioned in Num 3:27; Num 26:58; 1Ch 15:9; 1Ch 23:19; 1Ch 24:23; 1Ch 26:23, 1Ch 26:30-31.

[years of the life of Kohath were an hundred thirty and three

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 119years] Kohath lived 133 years - 23 more than Joseph and 13 more than Moses.

He was born before Jacob went to Egypt (Gen 46:11).

19] And the sons of Merari; Mahali and Mushi: these are the families of Levi according to their generations.

20] And Amram took him Jochebed his father’s sister to wife; and she bare him Aaron and Moses: and the years of the life of Amram were an hundred and thirty and seven years.

[Amram took him Jochebed his father’s sister to wife] Jochebed, Amram’s wife, was the actual daughter of Levi (Exo 6:16-20; Num 26:59) and the sister of Kohath, Levi’s son.

Amram married his own aunt which was later forbidden when Israel had multiplied enough that it was not necessary to marry near kin, as when the new nation was first being separated from the Gentiles (Lev 18:1-30).

Amram and Jochebed could have been of equal age if she

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 120was born to Levi late in life and Kohath married young and had Amram early in life.

[years of the life of Amram were an hundred and thirty and seven years] Amram, father of Moses and Aaron, lived 137 years (Exo 6:20)

27 years more than Joseph 17 years more than Moses.

Moses was born to Amram 80 years before the exodus (Act 7:22-30). How old Amram was when Moses was born is not stated.

Moses actually had an older brother and sister. Just because someone is mentioned first does not mean he was born first, he may just be more important.

This same thing occurs with Abraham, ...

21] And the sons of Izhar; Korah, and Nepheg, and Zichri.[Korah] rebelled against Moses and was swallowed by the earth

(Num 16:1-50).

22] And the sons of Uzziel; Mishael, and Elzaphan, and Zithri.[Ussiel] Called Aaron’s uncle (Lev 10:4).

23] And Aaron took him Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab, sister of Naashon, to wife; and she bare him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.

[Elisheba] Meaning, oath of the Lord, the same as Elizabeth. She was a princess of the royal tribe of Judah (Num 2:3).

[Amminadab] He was the father of Naashon who was head of the tribe of Judah (Exo 6:23; Num 1:7; Num 2:3; Num 7:12, Num 7:17; Num 10:14) and in the line of Christ (Mat 1:4; Luk 3:32).

[bare him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar]Aaron ’s Four Sons 1. Nadab. He and Abihu were called to see God on Sinai

(Exo 24:1-11).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 121They were set apart for the priesthood (Exo 28:1-43)They offered "strange fire" before God and were killed

(Lev 10:1-11).

2. Abihu (see Nadab above).

3. Eleazar, father of Phinehas.

He headed of the tribe of Levi when Nadab and Abihu died (Exo 6:23, Exo 6:25; Num 3:32; Num 4:16),

He succeeded Aaron as high priest (Num 20:26-28; Deu 10:6) and assisted Moses (Num 26:63) and Joshua (Num 34:17).

For his death and descendants see Jos 24:33; 1Ch 24:1-31.

4. Ithamar (Exo 6:23; Exo 28:1; 1Ch 6:3).

He was treasurer of the tabernacle funds (Exo 38:21; Num 4:28; Num 7:8).

For his descendants see 1Ch 24:1-31.

24] And the sons of Korah; Assir, and Elkanah, and Abiasaph: these are the families of the Korhites.

25] And Eleazar Aaron’s son took him one of the daughters of Putiel to wife; and she bare him Phinehas: these are the heads of the fathers of the Levites according to their families.

[Phinehas] He gained an everlasting covenant and priesthood by his zeal in judging sin (Num 25:1-15; Psa 106:30).

He was chief of the Korahite Levites (1Ch 9:19-20).

See Num 31:6; Jos 22:13-32; Jos 24:33; Jdg 20:28.

This genealogy does establish that there were four generations.

26] These are that Aaron and Moses, to whom the LORD said, Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their armies.

[armies] tsaba’ (H6635), battalions; regularly arranged troops under the direction of Jehovah-Sabaoth, Lord of Hosts.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 122See Sixteen Jehovah Titles.

27] These are they which spake to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt: these are that Moses and Aaron.

[these are that Moses and Aaron] This emphatic repetition (Exo 6:26-27) shows the main reason for inserting this portion of genealogy here.

Moses and Aaron are named twice in a different order:

Exo 6:26 marks Aaron as the elder;

Exo 6:27 marks the divine choice of leadership

These names are not used as in Exo 6:26 until the next genealogy, where it is "Aaron and Moses" again (Num 3:1; Num 26:59).

In 84 other places it is "Moses and Aaron," "Moses and Eleazar," or "Moses and Joshua."

Twelve Examples of Choosing the Younger1. Abel (Gen_4:1-7)2. Seth (Gen_4:25)3. Shem (Gen_9:24-27)4. Abraham (Gen_11:26)5. Isaac (Gen_17:15-19)6. Jacob (Gen_25:23; Mal_1:12; Rom_9:9-13)7. Joseph (Gen_37:5-11; Gen_45:8; Gen_50:20)8. Ephraim (Gen_48:20)9. Moses (Exo_7:7)10. Gideon (Jdg_6:15)11. David (1Sa_16:1-13)12. Solomon (1 Kings 1-2)

Moses Pleads28] And it came to pass on the day when the LORD spake

unto Moses in the land of Egypt,[And it came to pass] Chapter seven should start here, because

it begins a new section. Eighty-four chapters of the Bible begin with this phrase: seventy-one chapters in the Old Testament and thirteen chapters in the New Testament.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 123[on the day] The saying, "The mills of God grind slowly, yet they

grind exceedingly small" is certainly true in Pharaoh’s case. It seemed God would never fulfill His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, or even those promises to Moses and his generation. He and all Israel became very discouraged (Exo 5:19-23; Exo 6:9-13, Exo 6:28-30). But on a certain day God began to work (Exo 6:1, Exo 6:28); in a few weeks His mills had ground Egypt to utter helplessness and ruin (Exo 10:7; Exo 12:31-36; Exo 14:28).

29] That the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, I am the LORD: speak thou unto Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I say unto thee.

[I am] The Thirty "I Am ’s" of God

1. I AM (Exo 3:14; Isa 47:8, Isa 47:10).2. I AM THAT I AM (Exo 3:14).3. I am the Lord (Jehovah, Exo 6:2, Exo 6:6, Exo 6:7, Exo

6:8, Exo 6:29; 108 times in all).4. I am Almighty God (Gen 17:1; Gen 35:11).5. I am the God of Abraham (Gen 26:24; Mat 22:32; Mar

12:26).6. I am the Lord God of Abraham (Gen 28:13).7. I am God, the God of thy father (Gen 46:3).8. I am the God of Bethel (Gen 31:13).9. I am the God of thy father (Exo 3:6).10. I am the Lord your God (Lev 11:44; Lev 18:2-4; 28 times

in the Old Testament).11. I the Lord your God am holy (Lev 19:2).12. I the Lord am holy (Lev 20:26).13. I the Lord thy God am a jealous God (Deu 5:9).14. I am He (Deu 32:39; Isa 41:4; Isa 43:10, Isa 43:13, Isa

43:25).15. I am God (Psa 50:7; Isa 43:12; Isa 46:9; Jer 23:23; Eze

28:2, Eze 28:9; Hos 11:9).16. I am the Lord thy God (Psa 81:10; Isa 43:3; Isa 48:17;

Isa 51:15; Hos 13:4).17. I am the God of Israel (Isa 45:3).18. I am thy God (Isa 41:10).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 12419. I am the first (Isa 44:6; Isa 48:12).20. I am the last (Isa 44:6; Isa 48:12).21. I am thy part of thine inheritance (Num 18:20).22. I am the Lord thy Savior (Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16).23. I am the Lord, the God of all flesh (Jer 32:27).24. I am a witness (Jer 29:23).25. I am a father to Israel (Jer 31:9).26. I am the Lord God (Eze 23:49; Isa 29:16).27. I am the Lord their God (Eze 28:26; Zec 10:6).28. I am your God (Eze 34:31).29. I am a great King (Mal 1:14).30. I am the God of thy fathers (Act 7:32).

30] And Moses said before the LORD, Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how shall Pharaoh hearken unto me?

This was the eighth of eleven complaints of Moses.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 125

Exodus 71] And the LORD said unto Moses, See, I have made thee a

god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet.

[god to Pharaoh] I.e., a god in My stead. My representative to Pharaoh

’Elohiym (H430) is thus used of men who acted in God’s place (Exo 7:1; Exo 21:6; Exo 22:8-9; Psa 82:1, Psa 82:6; cp. Joh 10:34-35).

[prophet] A prophet was called and anointed to speak for God (Exo 4:15-16; Act 3:21; Heb 1:1-2).

2] Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.

“All” - 2 Tim 4:4:3; 1:13; 1 Tim 6:3,4; 4:15, 16.

Hardened Heart3] And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs

and my wonders in the land of Egypt.[I – God, will harden Pharaoh’s heart!]

God didn’t make the choice for Pharaoh.

Pharaoh had made his choice on his own

God set it, confirmed it in Pharaoh’s heart like setting a post firmly in place in concrete.

With each opportunity God gave Pharaoh to choose rightly and with each wrong choice Pharaoh made, Pharaoh cemented the choice in his own heart – and God permitted it each time.

[I will] Seven Predictions of God1. I will harden Pharaoh’s heart (Exo 7:3).2. I will multiply My signs and wonders in Egypt.3. Pharaoh will not hear you (Exo 7:4).4. I will lay My hand upon Egypt.5. I will bring out My armies.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1266. I will bring out My people by great judgments.7. The Egyptians will know that I am the Lord when they see

My wonders (Exo 7:5).

[harden Pharoah’s heart] chazaq (H2388), to brace or tighten as opposed to relax (Exo_4:21; Exo_7:13, Exo_7:22; Exo_8:19; Exo_9:12, Exo_9:35; Exo_10:20, Exo_10:27; Exo_11:10; Exo_14:4, Exo_14:8, Exo_14:17; Jos_11:20).

One of the reasons that God does this is to give opportunity to show how strong He is.

Remember that God is outside time and knows what we will choose, therefore this gives him foreknowledge of what we see as the future.

We find hearts hardened by the Lord in Exo 4:21; 7:3, 13. Rev 17:17 is another example where God hardens hearts; this passage is of Mystery Babylon, God can use even the heathen to fulfill His Will.

All the result of previous choices that had been made by the one hardened,

It is often said that God did things that He permitted to happen or to allowed to continue.

God gave Pharaoh the chance to resist Him and thus harden his own heart (Exo_4:21; Exo_9:12; Exo_10:1, Exo_10:20, Exo_10:27; Exo_11:10; Exo_14:8; cp. Rom_9:18).

Each time there was also a chance to repent and obey, but Pharaoh refused.

In the same way the gospel saves or damns, softens or hardens all who hear it today (Rom_2:4-11; 2Co_2:15-16).

As the sun hardens clay but softens wax, so it is with truth.

The results reveal the nature of the materials.

[signs and my wonders] Signs and wonders have always been the credentials of God’s servants.

My Hand Upon Egypt4] But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my

hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 127people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.

Pharaoh’s choice and actions gave God justification to judge him and the nation he ruled.

God’s judgments have implications far beyond just bringing Israel out of Egypt.

5] And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them.

[know that I am the LORD] This is the purpose of miracles.

The slaying of the firstborn happens on the Sabbath for the Jews, the 14th of Nisan which becomes Passover.

The Sabbath starts at sundown, thus for the Egyptians it would have been Friday the 13th.

6] And Moses and Aaron did as the LORD commanded them, so did they.

[did as the LORD commanded them] The secret of success and of eternal life (Rom 1:5; Rom 16:26).

7] And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh.

[Moses was fourscore years old] He was 40 years old when he went to Midian (Act 7:22-30).

He is now “Fourscore” = 80.

[fourscore and three years old] Aaron was 83, 3 years older than Moses, but younger than Miriam (Exo 2:7-10).

SummaryWatch for the change of Moses’ style from this point on…,

Moses had been timid and frightened. Now we see him being strong.

Also notice the amazing transformation of Peter,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 128Through the Gospels he is always sticking his foot in his mouth, speaking too quickly; but from Acts 2 on, Peter delivers remarkable sermons.

Between the Gospels and Acts Peter experienced the presence of and surrendered to the Holy Spirit.

From this point on something has happened to Moses.

In the conflict between God and Egypt, we see the conflict between good and evil in far broader terms than simply the relief of an oppressive government in North Africa thousands of years ago.

There is far more at stake here than simply the issue of slavery and freedom.

Here is a foreshadowing of the fundamental conflict between good and evil; the model of the world is what Egypt really represents.

Pharaoh represents Satan, whose heart is hardened (contrast with the origin of Lucifer, Isa 14; Ezek 28; Rev 12).

We will see in this narrative the absolute triumph of God. Nothing conditional or marginal...

We will see Him redeem His people and we will see utter overthrow of the enemy.

This is a prophetic study.

Rod into Serpent8] And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,9] When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Shew a

miracle for you: then thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, and it shall become a serpent.

[serpent] tanniyn (H8577), a marine and land monster.

It is translated serpent only here and in Exo 7:10, Exo 7:12.

It is translated dragon (Deu 32:33; Neh 2:13; Job 30:29; Psa 44:19; Psa 74:13; Psa 91:13; Psa 148:7; Isa 13:22; Isa 27:1; Isa 34:13; Isa 35:7; Isa 43:20; Isa 51:9; Jer 9:11; Jer 10:22; Jer 14:6; Jer 49:33; Jer 51:34, Jer 51:37; Eze 29:3; Mic 1:8); whale (Gen 1:21; Job 7:12);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 129It is translated sea monster (Lam 4:3).

At Sinai the miracle was an ordinary serpent, nachash (H5175), Exo 4:3-4; cp. Exo 7:15; Gen 3:1-24);

Before Pharaoh it was evidently a crocodile - plentiful in the Nile region, a symbol of Egypt (Psa 74:13; Isa 51:9; Eze 29:3).

Some versions say "reptile"; the Septuagint says "dragon"; Young has "monster"; and Rotherham has "sea-serpent."

10] And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent.

Though the first miracle in connection with the ten plagues, this was actually the ninth miracle of Moses.

Forty-two Miracles God performed through Moses 1.  Moses’ rod turned into a serpent (Exo 4:2-3).2.  The serpent was transformed into a rod (Exo 4:4).3.  Moses’ hand was turned leprous (Exo 4:6).4.  Moses’ hand was healed of leprosy (Exo 4:7).5.  The rod was turned into a serpent (Exo 4:30).6.  The serpent was turned into a rod (Exo 4:30).7.  Moses’ hand was made leprous (Exo 4:30).8.  Moses’ hand was healed of leprosy (Exo 4:30).9.  Moses’ rod was turned into a serpent (Exo 7:9-10; magicians

also did so, Exo 7:11-12).10.  Moses’ rod swallowed the others (Exo 7:12).11.  The Nile River was changed into blood: first plague (Exo

7:14-25; the Egyptian magicians also did so, Exo 7:22).12.  He created frogs: second plague (Exo 8:1-7; the magicians

also did so, Exo 8:7).13.  He caused the frogs to die (Exo 8:8-15).14.  He converted the dust to lice: third plague (Exo 8:16-19; the

magicians could not do this, Exo 8:18-19).15.  He created flies: fourth plague (Exo 8:20-24).16.  He made Goshen exempt from flies (Exo 8:22).17.  He removed the flies from Egypt (Exo 8:29-32).18.  The murrain disease was imposed on Egyptian stock: fifth

plague (Exo 9:1-7).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 13019.  The stock of Israel was exempt (Exo 9:4-7).20.  He made boils from ashes: sixth plague (Exo 9:8-12).21.  Hail and fire came: seventh plague (Exo 9:13-35).22.  Goshen was exempt from the hail and fire (Exo 9:26).23.  Moses stopped the hail and fire (Exo 9:28-35).24.  Locusts descended: eighth plague (Exo 10:1-15).25.  The locusts were removed (Exo 10:16-20).26.  Darkness came: ninth plague (Exo 10:21-29).27.  Goshen was exempt from the total darkness (Exo 10:23).28.  Death came to Egypt’s firstborn: tenth plague (Exo 11:1-

12:51).29.  Israel’s firstborn were exempt from death (Exo 11:7-10).30.  Moses made a path through the Red Sea, congealing the

water (Exo 14:21-22).31.  He melted the ice of Red Sea (Exo 14:26-28).32.  The healing waters of Marah (Exo 15:23-26).33.  Bread from heaven (Exo 16:4-35; Num 11:1-35).34.  Quail to eat (Exo 16:8-13).35.  Water from the rock (Exo 17:1-7).36.  His victory over Midian (Exo 17:11-13).37.  He quenched the fire of death (Num 11:2).38.  The healing of Miriam (Num 12:13-16).39.  The earth swallowed the rebels (Num 16:28-33).40.  Moses stopped the plague (Num 16:44-50).41.  Water from the rock (Num 20:10-13).42.  The healing of Israel (Num 21:5-9; Joh 3:14).

16 other miracles God performed when Moses was present 1.  God’s glory filling tabernacle (Exo 40:34).2.  Fire consuming sacrifices (Lev 9:24).3.  Fire killing priests (Lev 10:2).4.  The Fire which consumed some people (Num 11:2).5.  The fire was quenched (Num 11:2).6.  A month’s supply of quails for about 6,000,000 people (Num

11:19-35).7.  The leprosy that was fixed upon Miriam (Num 12:10).8.  The healing of Miriam (Num 12:13-16).9.  The plague upon ten spies (Num 14:37).10.  The earth swallowed the rebels (Num 16:32).11.  The fire which consumed some people (Num 16:35).12.  The plague which killed 14,700 people (Num 16:49).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 13113.  Aaron’s rod that bore almonds (Num 17:8).14.  Water from the rock (Num 20:11).15.  The healing of Israel (Num 21:5-9).16.  The plague which killed 24,000 people (Num 25:9).

11] Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.

[wise men and the sorcerers] Two classes are mentioned:

1. Wise men chakamiym (H2450), men of learning) who knew the occult arts.

2. Sorcerers kashephiym (H3784), to reveal hidden secrets, uncover),

also called magicians chartumeey (H2748), decipherers or interpreters of heiroglyphics.

Books with magic formulas belonged to the king and only priests and wise men could consult them.

Two such men are named - Jannes and Jambres (2Ti 3:8)

Some scholars think that this was some sort of slight of hand but nothing in Scripture indicates it was a trick of some sort.

They were able to do the first three miracles (rod to serpents, water to blood, and the frogs) at least well enough that Pharaoh was unimpressed.

However, when we get to the lice, they were shook. They themselves recognized it to be the finger of God.

They had some sort of supernatural power to a certain point – but they had limits - they could not imitate the lice or the rest of the plagues.

They were shook up – frightened by the power behind them.

Rev 13:11-15 NKJV Then I saw another beast coming up out of the earth, and he had two horns like a lamb and spoke like a dragon. 12 And he exercises all the authority of the first beast in his presence, and causes the earth and those who dwell in it to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. 13 He performs great signs, so that he even makes fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men. 14 And he deceives those who dwell on the earth—by those

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 132signs which he was granted to do in the sight of the beast, telling those who dwell on the earth to make an image to the beast who was wounded by the sword and lived. 15 He was granted power to give breath to the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak and cause as many as would not worship the image of the beast to be killed..

Satan’s Counterfeit12] For they cast down every man his rod, and they became

serpents: but Aaron’s rod swallowed up their rods.Two men cast down their rods (besides Moses)

2Ti 3:8-9 NKJV Now as Jannes and Jambres resisted Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, disapproved concerning the faith; 9 but they will progress no further, for their folly will be manifest to all, as theirs also was.

[they became serpents: but Aaron’s rod swallowed up their rods] The magicians’ rods became crocodiles (note, Exo 7:9) but Aaron’s swallowed them up, demonstrating that God’s power is greater than Satan’s power.

The Miracles of the Magicians1. Their rods were changed to serpents (or crocodiles) (Exo 7:11-

12)2. The turning of water to blood (Exo 7:22)3. Their bringing up frogs (Exo 8:7)

They did few of the miracles and could not protect themselves from the plagues (Exo 8:18; Exo 9:11).

Satan has limited power. In the future, he will call fire down from heaven, and do some miracles to deceive

(Mat 24:24; 2Th 2:8-12; Rev 13:2, Rev 13:4, Rev 13:11-18; Rev 16:13-16; Rev 19:20).

13] And he hardened Pharaoh’s heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

Paul comments on this in 2 Tim 3:8. Jannis and Jambres, Paul somehow knows their names.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 133“They withstood Moses.” We get an insight here to the goal of the one that is their commander, in a model sense Pharaoh, or in a spiritual sense, Satan.

His goal was that they would withstand Moses by imitation!

Remember Matthew 13, and the Parable of the Tares in the Wheat,

the field is the world, the seed is the Word of God, the enemy sows tares which look like wheat when they are young.

Notice the ambition of the enemy, to create a counterfeit. Satan is a powerful angel – but only an angel. He is NOT a creator, only an imitator, a counterfeiter.

Here before Pharaoh, they create a counterfeit, serpents like Moses did.

God has a supremacy because Moses’ serpent (crocodile) swallows the other two.

The serpent turns back into a rod for Moses. Exo 7:15Always ask these questions of miracles,

“Of whose authority” and “Who gets the glory?”

The issue should be does it bring glory to Jesus Christ? If it glorifies anyone or anything else, shun it!

Don’t always expect a minister of Satan to give glory to Satan, They can give it to anything other than Christ to achieve their goal.

Satan’s goal is counterfeit, imitation, deceit, misdirection not necessarily direct confrontation.

Pharaoh has two witnesses: Jannis and Jambres.Here God has two witnesses: Moses and Aaron.

In Revelation 11, we see two witnesses again.These two witnesses, I believe to be Moses and Elijah, do the same miracles (two Moses did and two Elijah did).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 134Each of the nine plagues targeted specific ancient Egyptian gods, they were part of an invisible cosmic war against the demons of darkness.

The plagues were a powerful and dramatic demonstration of the supremacy of the true and living God of Abraham and Moses.

Water to Blood - Plague #1 = Nile to blood14] And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh’s heart is

hardened, he refuseth to let the people go.Prediction: A declaration of an event before it takes place

Aka: Prophecy, Promise

Eight Predictions of God to Moses 1. Pharaoh will go to the Nile in the morning (Exo 7:15).2. Pharaoh will know that I am Jehovah (Exo 7:17).3. The Nile will be turned to blood.4. The fish of the Nile will die (Exo 7:18).5. The Nile will stink.6. Egyptians will loathe to drink.7. All streams, rivers, ponds, and pools will be turned to blood

(Exo 7:19).8. All water in homes will become blood.

15] Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river’s brink against he come; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand.

We generally assume that there was a ceremonial event that Pharaoh was doing to go into the water.

[serpent] nachash (H5175), serpent, referring back to the miracle at Sinai (Exo 4:3-4);

not tanniyn (H8577) of Exo 7:9.

16] And thou shalt say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear.

[Let my people go] The second demand to let Israel go

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 13517] Thus saith the LORD, In this thou shalt know that I am

the LORD: behold, I will smite with the rod that is in mine hand upon the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood.

[Thus saith the LORD] Nine times in Exodus (Exo 4:22; Exo 5:1; Exo 8:1, Exo 8:20; Exo 9:1, Exo 9:13; Exo 10:3; Exo 11:4; Exo 32:27).

18] And the fish that is in the river shall die, and the river shall stink; and the Egyptians shall lothe to drink of the water of the river.

19] And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, upon their rivers, and upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that they may become blood; and that there may be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood, and in vessels of stone.

Waters Turned to Blood[the waters of Egypt] The Nile and its feeders

The first of the judgments was upon the waters of Egypt.

The Nile was the highway of this ancient land, as it still is today.

[streams] "Streams" refers to the many canals of the Nile.

[rivers] The seven streams of the Nile delta.

Not only was the Nile turned to blood, but the other waters of the land were as well, even the water that was drawn for use in the houses in wooden and stone jars.

For seven days the whole land was in horror, with dead fish and a stench from the river.

Osiris, one of the chief gods of Egypt, was first of all the gods of the Nile.

He, with his companion, the mother god, Isis, and their child, Horus, were human-headed gods (in contrast to the many that had heads of birds, beasts, and reptiles).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 136There were other gods of the Nile, too:

Hapimon in the north, and Tauret at Thebes, and the hippopotamus goddess of the river.

There was also Nu , the god of life in the Nile.

The supernatural pollution of the waters of the land were a humiliation to the gods the Egyptians worshiped.

Judgment on the Gods of EgyptWhen any idolatrous nation was destroyed, the blame fell on the gods who either abandoned the nation or were overcome by stronger gods (Isa 37:6-13).

Each of the ten plagues was aimed at the gods of Egypt.

1.  The Nile river was worshiped by Egyptians under various names and symbols, including father of life and father of the gods.

Egyptians, who abhorred blood, must have been horrified when they saw their sacred river and all other water in their country turned to blood (Exo 7:19-21).

2.  Bringing up frogs was against the frog god, causing Egyptians to abhor frogs and despise this god (Exo 8:5-6).

3.  The creation of millions of gnats out of dust (Exo 8:16-19), as well as other insects (Psa 78:45), showed the helplessness of the insect god Egypt including the Scarab (dung beetle) to protect

4.  The creation of flies (Exo 8:24) exposed the powerlessness of Beelzebub, the god of flies, to protect the people from such insects.

Cleanliness was necessary in worship, and the putrid conditions brought about by unclean flies would hinder.

5.  The murrain (pestilence, Exo 9:5-7) refers to various diseases of cattle such as anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, and fever.

Coming upon Egyptian stock proved that the very creatures the people worshipped as sacred were powerless to protect themselves.

Egyptians worshiped many forms of nature: the sun, moon,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 137stars, planets, rivers, animals - even onions and leeks.

The Egyptians had their own names for them but:Jupiter was adored in the form of a ram; Apollo was adored as a crow; Bacchus was adored as a goat; Juno was adored as a heifer; Diana was adored as a cat; Venus was adored as a fish; Mercury was adored as an ibis; etc.

They believed that when the giants made war on the gods, they fled to Egypt and took refuge in sea creatures, which were then worshiped.

Reincarnation was strongly believed by the Egyptians.

Like Hindus and other Orientals, they taught that departed loved ones were reborn in the shape of animals.

If any animal was killed, some one of their relatives would be killed.

Hence, animal sacrifice was an abomination to the Egyptians, and the pestilence on their stock was a judgment upon their gods.

6.  Boils and blains (Exo 9:8-9) on man and beast were against gods that were worshiped to protect from such.

7.  Hail and fire (Exo 9:22-26) was against Isis and Osiris, the gods of light, health, fertility, arts, and agriculture.

Water, fire, earth, and air were all objects of Egyptian idolatry.

God showed them that He, as the creator, was Lord over these created elements.

Instead of helping the Egyptians, they became instruments of destruction at God’s command.

8.  The locust plague (Exo 10:12-15) was against the god Serapis who was supposed to protect the land from locusts.

The creatures came and left at God’s command, proving that He was the God of gods, and that the gods of Egypt were false and powerless. See note, Exo 10:4.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1389.  Darkness (Exo 10:21-23) was against the worship of the sun

god who was to protect from any curse of the sun and provide light, warmth, and fruitfulness.

10.  The death of the firstborn (Exo 12:29-30) was directed against all Egyptian gods who were supposed to protect both man and beasts.

The choicest of each family died as proof that no god of Egypt had power to stand against the God of the Hebrews.

20] And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

[all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood] This was the fulfillment of Exo 7:17-18.

21] And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.

The Nile River was worshiped by the Egyptians.

As part of their cultural background, the Nile was a god they worshiped, a source of life. It now became a source of death.

The river was the first place that God judges, the river.

22] And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the LORD had said.

There is not much elaboration, but somehow the magicians also accomplished the same thing.

There were three things the magicians were able to accomplish and then they could not continue their imitation.

God uses water to judge the earth in the Noah’s day Gen 6-7. In Revelation the water is turned to blood, Rev 8:8; 16:4,5.

Water in the New Testament is symbolic of the Word. Eph 5:26

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 139In the Tabernacle we will discover that there is a laver, to wash, and

What is used for washing is the glassy sea which we stand on in Heaven (Rev 5).

The Nile was the water they worshiped; and it is turned into death, into blood.

23] And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his heart to this also.

Pharaoh again rejected the message of God and refused to obey, thus hardening his own heart and bringing destruction upon himself.

24] And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river.

This explains where the magicians got water to turn to blood, since the exposed river water and all ponds and streams had already been changed into blood.

25] And seven days were fulfilled, after that the LORD had smitten the river.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 140

Exodus 8Plague #02 = Frogs1] And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and

say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

This plague was directed against the frog god.

There are eleven predictions of God through Moses here: 1. The frogs will fill Egypt (Exo 8:2).2. The Nile will bring them forth abundantly (Exo 8:3).3. Frogs will come into your house.4. They will come into your bedroom.5. The will get into your bed.6. They will invade the houses of your servants.7. The frogs will be upon your people.8. They will get into your ovens.9. They will appear in your dough pans.10. The frogs will be all over you.11. They will be upon all your servants.

[Let my people go] The third demand to let Israel go

2] And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs:

The Frogs The second of the wonders further proved the powerlessness of the gods of Egypt.

The land was covered with a plague of frogs in such abundance that they infested the Egyptians' houses and beds.

One of the principal goddesses of the land was Hekt , the wife of the creator of the world, who was always shown with the head and the body of a frog.

The frogs came out of the sacred Nile and Egypt's devotion to them prevented them from dealing with them: they soon had decaying carcasses throughout the land, resulting in a stinking horror. (It is interesting that the climactic war against God in Revelation is assembled by three frog-like spirits.)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 141Rev 16:13 And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs coming

out of the mouth of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet.

3] And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly, which shall go up and come into thine house, and into thy bedchamber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thine ovens, and into thy kneading troughs:.

[ovens] An oven was an earthen pot which was heated and placed in a hole in the ground.

Cakes were stuck to the inside walls of the pot where the heat cooked them.

To find the ovens full of frogs would be disgusting.

4] And the frogs shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people, and upon all thy servants.

5] And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch forth thine hand with thy rod over the streams, over the rivers, and over the ponds, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt.

6] And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt.

[rod] The rod of God caused frogs to be created in all streams, rivers, ponds, and pools until the whole of Egypt was filled with what must have been newly-made frogs.

[come / came] H5927 עלה ‛alahto cause to go up, ascend, climb, go over, to be inserted in

These covering frogs did not grow from tadpoles. There was not enough time.

There were certainly not enough adult frogs hiding in and along the Nile and its feeder streams to “cover” the land of Egypt unless God had prepared for it beforehand or created them new.

Egypt worshiped the frog.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1427] And the magicians did so with their enchantments, and

brought up frogs upon the land of Egypt.It is interesting that the magicians could increase the frogs, but couldn’t make them go away.

8] Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, Intreat the LORD, that he may take away the frogs from me, and from my people; and I will let the people go, that they may do sacrifice unto the LORD.

Pharaoh was confident that Moses and Aaron could perform any miracle.

He did not depend on the magicians to get rid of these plagues.

Not one reference shows them removing a single plague!

Pharaoh promised to let the people go if the plague were removed, but he lied and hardened his heart again.

9] And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Glory over me: when shall I intreat for thee, and for thy servants, and for thy people, to destroy the frogs from thee and thy houses, that they may remain in the river only?

[Glory over me] This is part of the question.

Moses asks Pharaoh when do you want me to intercede for you and the people. The honor is yours to tell me, when you want the frogs removed.

Letting Pharaoh set the timing would prove that Moses was in contact with God and that God’s response was inline with Pharaoh’s timing, not some natural frog life cycle.

10] And he said, Tomorrow. And he said, Be it according to thy word: that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the LORD our God.

[Tomorrow] Moses was in a supernatural business.

If any detail of his predictions failed, God would have been proved a failure or Moses a false representative.

The request was to pray for God to rid the land of frogs

Moses agreed to the requested time and God confirmed his

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 143word, proving that there was no god as great as the God of Israel

[Be it according to thy word: that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the LORD our God]

11] And the frogs shall depart from thee, and from thy houses, and from thy servants, and from thy people; they shall remain in the river only.Six predictions of Moses here:1. Tomorrow the frogs will leave.2. They will depart from you.3. They will depart from your houses.4. They will depart from your servants.5. They will depart from your people.6. They will remain only in the river.

12] And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh: and Moses cried unto the LORD because of the frogs which he had brought against Pharaoh.

His way of ridding the land of plagues was simple prayer, a way open to all believers.

Fear of failure or how God would remove them was not the subject of his praying.

He simply believed God, and what he requested happened.

This will also be the result, if and when Christians learn to pray in faith (Mat 17:20; Mat 21:22; Mar 9:23; Mar 11:22-24; Joh 15:7, Joh 15:16; Joh 16:23-26; Heb 11:6; Jas 1:5-8).

13] And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and the frogs died out of the houses, out of the villages, and out of the fields.

[the LORD did] The frogs on land and homes died and decomposed. There was enough of them that the Egyptians couldn’t dispose of them before they began to decompose.

Fifty-four Acts of God in the Ten Plagues1.  God planned for the plagues to deliver Israel (Exo 3:17-22;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 144Exo 4:21-23; Exo 6:1-8; Exo 7:3-5).

2.  God prepared Moses and Aaron for such a deliverance (Exo 1:1-5:23).

3.  God told them exactly what to do, step by step (Exo 7:9-14:31).

4.  God turned the rod into a serpent (crocodile, Exo 7:10).5.  God caused Moses’ rod to swallow all the other rods (Exo

7:12).6.  God gave Pharaoh cause to harden his heart (Exo 7:13).7.  God told Moses what to do next (Exo 7:14-19).8.  God turned waters to blood (Exo 7:20-25).9.  God told Moses what to do again (Exo 8:1-5).10.  God created millions of frogs (Exo 8:6-9).11.  God told Moses what to say next (Exo 8:10-11).12.  God answered prayer and destroyed the frogs in all Egypt

except for the ones that lived in the Nile River (Exo 8:12-14).

13.  God gave Pharaoh cause to harden his heart again (Exo 8:15).

14.  God told Moses what to do next (Exo 8:16).15.  God turned the dust into lice (Exo 8:17).16.  God gave Pharaoh cause to harden his heart further (Exo

8:18-19).17.  God told Moses what to do again (Exo 8:20-21).18.  God protected Goshen (Exo 8:22-23).19.  God created millions of flies (Exo 8:24).20.  God destroyed the flies (Exo 8:29-31).21.  God gave Pharaoh another cause for hardening his heart

(Exo 8:32).22.  God told Moses what to do next (Exo 9:1-5).23.  God sent murrain (Exo 9:6).24.  God gave cause whereby Pharaoh still hardened his heart

(Exo 9:7).25.  God told Moses what to do next (Exo 9:8-9).26.  God caused boils to come on Egyptians (Exo 9:10-11).27.  God gave Pharaoh another cause for hardening his heart

(Exo 9:12).28.  God told Moses what to do after that (Exo 9:13-19).29.  God destroyed the stock of Egypt (Exo 9:20-21).30.  Again God told Moses what to do (Exo 9:22).31.  God sent hail and fire (Exo 9:23-25).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 14532.  God protected Goshen (Exo 9:26).33.  God confirmed Moses’ word (Exo 9:27-33).34.  God gave Pharaoh cause to continue hardening his heart

(Exo 9:34-35).35.  God told Moses what to do next (Exo 10:1-7).36.  God created millions of locusts (Exo 10:12-15).37.  God destroyed the locusts (Exo 10:16-19).38.  God gave Pharaoh more cause for hardening his heart (Exo

10:20).39.  God told Moses again what to do (Exo 10:21).40.  God brought darkness (Exo 10:22).41.  God protected Goshen (Exo 10:23).42.  God gave Pharaoh still another cause for hardening his heart

(Exo 10:27).43.  God predicted one more plague (Exo 11:1).44.  God told Moses what to do next (Exo 11:2).45.  God gave Israel favor with Egyptians (Exo 11:3).46.  God predicted final plague to affect the firstborn (Exo 11:4-8).47.  God gave Pharaoh still more cause to harden his heart (Exo

11:10).48.  God told Moses again what to do next (Exo 12:1-20).49.  God smote firstborn of Egypt (Exo 12:29-36).50.  God gave Pharaoh cause for to continue hardening his heart

(Exo 14:1-12).51.  God protected Israel from Egyptians (Exo 14:19).52.  God parted the Red Sea (Exo 14:21-24).53.  God took off the chariot wheels of the Egyptians (Exo 14:25).54.  God killed the Egyptians who pursued (Exo 14:26-31).

14] And they gathered them together upon heaps: and the land stank.

15] But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, and hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

Frogs: Rev 16:13. In Revelation these unclean spirits lead the entire world to war against God!

Plague #3 = Gnats / Lice

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 14616] And the LORD said unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch

out thy rod, and smite the dust of the land, that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt.

[lice] Perhaps the mosquito-gnat.

The Sand FliesThe third of the judgments on Egypt came out of the soil in Egypt.

The Hebrew word ken, is translated "lice" in our English translation, with "sand flies" or "fleas" in some marginal notes.

The Hebrew word comes from a root meaning to dig; it is probable that the insect was one which digs under the skin of men like a tic.

This was an embarrassment to their great god of the earth, Geb, to whom they gave offerings for the bounty of the soil.

The presence of the fleas or lice were a barrier to their officiating in their priestly duties!

17] And they did so; for Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and it became lice in man, and in beast; all the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt.

18] And the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth lice, but they could not: so there were lice upon man, and upon beast.

Up until here, the Egyptian magicians were creating simulations of these things, or creating the impression that they were able to do these things.

A deception or illusion created by Satan’s servants…

The Finger of God19] Then the magicians said unto Pharaoh, This is the finger

of God: and Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

[This is the finger of God] The magicians finally recognized this to be God and not the result of the witchcraft they practiced (Exo 8:20; cp. Luk 11:20).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 147There was something about lice that freaked them out;

the serpents, the water to blood and the frogs they could deal with.

When we get to the lice, not only can they not do it, they go to Pharaoh and tell him that it is, “the finger of God.”

Herodotus stated that the priests of the Egyptian system had a big thing about cleanliness, they wore special linen garments, they shaved their head every third day.

In order for them to worship according to their system, they had to be totally clean.

The infestation of the lice made it impossible for them to worship.

The priests themselves could not officiate in accordance with the system that they were following.

The bringing of the lice against them made them recognize that God was dealing with them. They went to Pharaoh to point out that this was “the finger of God.”

Structural GroupingCompared to the first two plagues this third plague is missing a warning.

In the first two, Moses went to Pharaoh and warned him. In this third one, there is no warning, Moses just does it.

The first nine plagues (the 10th being set aside as a special case), are divided into groupings of three,

they are clustered by a variety of strange structural techniques.

In the first plague there is a warning, in the second a warning but in the third there is no warning before the plague strikes.

This same sort of thing is done in the 7 letters for 7 churches. Certain of the Lord’s letters don’t follow the structure of the previous letters and there are clues in that in some of the meaning of the letters.

Check the blessing promises and curses warnings.

In the first three plagues, Aaron’s rod is specifically the instrumentality.

In the middle three plagues, it is not mentioned.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 148In the last three plague, Moses himself is the agency, not Aaron.

In the ninth the rod is not mentioned, it is Moses’ hands.

The first three simply attack the comfort of the Egyptians. The next three plagues attack their possessions, and.The last three plagues actually result in death and destruction.

There is a definite progressive effect. Aaron is the agency early, and Moses later.

Here the magicians testify to the power of God.

The magicians make the declaration that this is “the finger of God,” and they leave the stage not to be prominent again

They are mentioned once more in Ex 9:11.

The lice came from the dust.

In John 8, a woman caught in adultery is brought to Jesus.When her accusers approach Christ bends down and writes in the dust, the finger of God.

The Warning and Plague #4 = Flies20] And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the

morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me.There were ten predictions of God through Moses here:1.  Pharaoh will come to the river in the morning (Exo 8:20).2.  I will send swarms of flies on you (Exo 8:21).3.  I will send swarms of flies upon your servants.4.  I will send swarms of flies upon your people.5.  I will send swarms of flies into your houses.6.  I will send swarms of flies into the houses of your people.7.  I will send swarms of flies upon the ground.8.  However, there shall be no swarms of flies in Goshen (Exo

8:22).9.  I will cause a division between your people and My people

(Exo 8:23).10.  This sign shall come to pass tomorrow.

[Let my people go] The fourth demand to let Israel go.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 14921] Else, if thou wilt not let my people go, behold, I will send

swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thy houses: and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground whereon they are.

Beelzebub means ‘lord of the flies.’ Beelzebub is a title of Satan or certainly his key leaders.

22] And I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there; to the end thou mayest know that I am the LORD in the midst of the earth.

Up until here the plagues had affected all of Egypt.

But with this particular plague of flies, there is a division between the peoples.

God starts to set aside Israel as a special exception, that has to startle the Pharaoh.

“Goshen” we know from Genesis was the most favorable part of the country, originally given to Joseph as a gift from Pharaoh.

It became the primary area where the Hebrew slaves grew and multiplied, so it is the residence of the Hebrews.

23] And I will put a division between my people and thy people: to morrow shall this sign be.

[division] peduwth (H6304).

Translated "division" only here, but redemption in Psa 111:9; Psa 130:7.

God wanted Pharaoh to know that He had redeemed His own people from these plagues to which He had abandoned others.

It is possible this redemption surely applied to all the plagues because only the Egyptians are mentioned as being affected (Exo 7:18-19, Exo 7:21, Exo 7:24; Exo 8:3-4, Exo 8:9, Exo 8:11-12, Exo 8:21-24; Exo 9:4-6, Exo 9:14-16, Exo 9:26; Exo 10:6, Exo 10:21-23; Exo 11:5-8; Exo 12:23, Exo 12:27, Exo 12:29-30).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 15024] And the LORD did so; and there came a grievous swarm

of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants’ houses, and into all the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies.

[grievous swarm of flies] This plague included a variety of flies, which killed many Egyptians (Psa 78:45).. Ps 78:45. What we think of as flies, we think of in a very narrow way, the concept here may be broader to all sorts of small insects.

Psa 78:45 He sent swarms of flies among them, which devoured them, And frogs, which destroyed them.

H6157 ערב ‛arob swarm: probable meaning from ‘mixture’ and ‘incessant or involved motion’

The ScarabsThe fourth of the plagues were "swarms" ("of flies" is not in the original).

The word is `arob, a swarm, possibly suggesting incessant motion.

The deification of the scarab beetle is still conspicuous - even today - in the jewelry and artifacts celebrating ancient Egypt.

Amon-Ra, the king of the gods, had the head of a beetle.

Some of the giant scarabs were even accorded the honor of mummification and entombment with the Pharaohs.

The scarab is actually a dung beetle.

The insect is about the size of a nickel and feeds on dung in the fields or the side of the road.

When animals defecate, these insects swarm from their holes in the ground and collect their provender for future meals by forming it into round balls about the size of golf balls, which they roll across the ground to their underground dwellings.

Since they seemed to "come from nowhere," and perhaps because these perfectly round balls were possibly associated with the sun, these beetles became associated with creation.

The plague of swarms of scarabs, with mandibles that could saw through wood, and destructive qualities worse than termites, must

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 151have caused extreme consternation since they were so venerated and thus were not to be interfered with!

Pharaoh called Moses, pleaded for a cessation, hinted at the possibility of compromise, and even asked to be prayed for.

God doesn't compromise; the judgments continued.

Pharaoh’s Compromise25] And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said,

Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land.[Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land] Pharaoh was willing

to tolerate the bloody sacrifices of Israel if they would stay in the land.

The plan was rejected by Moses who claimed they would be stoned by Egyptians if they started such worship (Exo 8:26).

He insisted that they go a three-day journey away so the people would be protected (Exo 8:27).

26] And Moses said, It is not meet so to do; for we shall sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians to the LORD our God: lo, shall we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes, and will they not stone us?

In Genesis, in their dealings with Jacob, we discover that shepherds are an abomination to the Egyptians.

The offering of a lamb, was an abomination to the Egyptians, and that is what Israel is going to do, sacrifice a lamb.

27] We will go three days’ journey into the wilderness, and sacrifice to the LORD our God, as he shall command us.

28] And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness; only ye shall not go very far away: intreat for me.

[only ye shall not go very far away: intreat for me] Pharaoh is trying to compromise. Pharaoh suggests that the people go sacrifice to the Lord, but not go far away.

This would have defeated the purpose of God which was to bring Israel out of Egypt entirely.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 15229] And Moses said, Behold, I go out from thee, and I will

intreat the LORD that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people, to morrow: but let not Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the LORD.

[I will intreat the LORD that the swarms of flies may depart]This method of getting rid of flies and other insects worked completely and left no poisons to contaminate man or his food.

God promises to rebuke the devourer of any people, if they will honor Him by paying tithes (Mal 3:8-11).

30] And Moses went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD.

31] And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people; there remained not one .

God did not really accept Pharaoh’s compromise. He knew Pharaoh will renege.

32] And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he let the people go.

Moses has so far only asked that Pharaoh let Israel go 3 days out into the desert, out of Egyptian territory so they could sacrifice and come back into the covenant relationship God had established with Abraham.

How do you suppose God would deal with the Egyptians once He had removed His people from their realm.

Think Rapture and Tribulation.

God had promised to relieve their suffering.

If Egypt would on yield to God, they would be destroyed.

Once He got His people out of Egypt, He immediately went to work on getting Egypt out of them.

If His people would not yield to Him, He would purge them.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 153

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 154

Exodus 9Plague #5 = Disease on flocks and herdsThe fifth plague was against the domestic animals of Egypt.

Apis, was their bull god, and the cow-headed Hathor, goddess of the deserts.

These were so widespread that even the children of Israel had become tainted by their worship, which led to the fiasco of the golden calf in the image of Apis.

Other domestic animals were sacred also, and their images adorned many of the idols, such as Bubastis, the cat goddess of love, feminine matters and fashion, etc.

The veneration of cows still creates a sight in India, when cows appear on the streets and even in stores and shops.

1] Then the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

[Let my people go] The fifth demand to let Israel go.

2] For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still,Eight Predictions of Moses1.  Murrain upon the cattle (Exo 9:3)2.  Murrain upon the horses3.  Murrain upon the asses4.  Murrain upon the camels5.  Murrain upon the oxen6.  Murrain upon the sheep7.  However, no death to the stock of Israel (Exo 9:4)8.  Tomorrow this will happen (Exo 9:5)

3] Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain.

[murrain] Hebrew: deber (H1698). Translated "murrain" only here;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 155"plague" (Hos 13:14); and "pestilence" 47 times (Exo 5:3; Exo 9:15; Lev 26:25;

Num 14:12; Deu 28:21; 2Sa 24:13-15; etc.).

The murrain (Exo 9:5-7) refers to various diseases of cattle such as anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, and fever.

The plague was a "murrain," a contagious disease among the cattle. Even the sacred bulls in the temple died.

The cattle of the Hebrews, were not touched by the plague.

Whatever the plague was it was very grievous and brought death (Exo 9:3-4, Exo 9:6).

This also was directed against the gods of Egypt who were supposed to be manifested in the various animal forms, all of which were considered sacred.

Coming upon Egyptian stock proved that the very creatures the people worshipped as sacred were powerless to protect themselves.

It proved again that the God of Israel was greater than the gods of Egypt who were powerless to protect themselves.

Horses were little used in Palestine during the days of the patriarchs, but were plentiful in Egypt during the days of Solomon who was the first great importer of horses into Israel (1Ki 4:26-28; 1Ki 10:25-28).

[horses] Twelve Facts about Horses1.  Horses are mentioned 217 times in Scripture.2.  Horses were used with chariots of war (Exo 14:9-28; Deu

11:4; Jos 24:6).3.  Horses were used to ride (Exo 15:1, Exo 15:21; Job

39:18).4.  Both the horses and the chariots were imported from Egypt

- the cost of one horse was $375, and one chariot was worth $1,500 a trip (1Ki 10:29; 2Ch 1:17).

5.  Horses had great strength (Job 39:19; Psa 147:10).6.  Horses were vain things for safety (Psa 20:7; Psa 33:17;

Isa 31:1-3).7.  Horses were regarded as low in intelligence (Psa 32:9).8.  Horses were forbidden to the kings of Israel (Deu 17:16).9.  Horses are very swift (Jer 4:13; Hab 1:8).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 15610.  Spirit horses are one means of travel between earth and

heaven (2Ki 2:11; 2Ki 6:15-17; Zec 1:8-11; Zec 6:1-8; Rev 19:1-21)

11. Horses were sometimes used as symbols (Rev 6:1-8).12. Demon creatures having bodies like horses are now in the

abyss (Rev 9:1-21).

4] And the LORD shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all that is the children’s of Israel.

5] And the LORD appointed a set time, saying, To morrow the LORD shall do this thing in the land.

[Tomorrow] A set time for the fulfillment of something that would not normally happen otherwise indicates a supernatural prediction.

6] And the LORD did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one.

[all the cattle of Egypt died] A synecdoche - figure of speech where a part of something is used to refer to the whole or the whole is used to refer to only a part of it. (Gen 41:56).

Gen 41:56 The famine was over all the face of the earth, and Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold to the Egyptians. And the famine became severe in the land of Egypt.

Mar 16:15 And He said to them, "Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature.

Rom_1:8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world.

Exo 9:3 mentions only the cattle "in the field" Apparently cattle under cover were saved alive.

Exo 9:19 reveals there were more Egyptian owned cattle in the field before the plague of hail.

Again, cattle under cover were saved.

[cattle of the children of Israel died not one] God protected

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 157every Israelite and all that they possessed.

Nothing that belonged to Israel was touched by the ten plagues (Exo 9:6-7).

7] And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

If Pharaoh found Israelite animals plagued he could conclude this to be a natural event; but when he saw that not one of the Israelite cattle was touched he knew it was another supernatural act of the God of the Hebrews.

Instead of breaking him, it only gave him another occasion to harden his heart

We stand amazed at Pharaoh’s stubbornness and at the Israelites lack of faith (all these miracles and yet, they still go out into the wilderness and doubt).

How many of us are even worse, since we have even more information!

How stubborn can we be?! How headstrong? As to not recognize what God has said and is trying to say to each of us.

Plague #6 = Boils on Man and Beast8] And the LORD said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to

you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh.

[furnace] kibshan (H3536), a smelting furnace for metals (Exo 9:8, Exo 9:10; Exo 19:18).

Here it could mean the place where human sacrifices were made to propitiate the god Typhon, the Evil Principle, in the hope of averting plagues.

If so, Moses used those very ashes to produce another plague instead of averting one.

In Gen 19:28 it refers to the smoke of the destruction of Sodom, so the word is not limited to a smelting furnace.

It was a miracle that handfuls of ashes became dust throughout

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 158Egypt to cause boils and blains upon man and beast.

The sixth wonder was manifested against the bodies of men.

The plague of shechiyn, translated "boils", may hide something more terrible.

The root means "burning," and the same word can be translated as leprosy, and as the Egyptian botch, which was declared to be incurable.

Among the gods to which cures would have been ascribed were Thoth, the ibis-headed god of intelligence and medical learning, and Apis, Serapis and Imhotep.

Even the magicians themselves did not escape and could not carry on their priestly functions.

It was their custom to take the ashes of human sacrifices and cast them into the air.

Borne by the wind over the milling populace, they were viewed as a blessing.

Some believe that this heathen custom was the source of the practice of putting ashes on the forehead on the first day of Lent.

Moses launched this plague with a parody of this practice, and may even have had access to the very furnaces used in the sacred precincts of the royal temple.

9] And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt.

[boils] shechiyn (H7822), to burn; inflammation, ulcer; botch.

It is translated boil (Job_2:7; Exo_9:9-11; Lev_13:18, Lev_13:19, Lev_13:20, Lev_13:23; 2Ki_20:7; Isa_38:21); and botch (Deu_28:27, Deu_28:35).

Job’s skin broke out with running ulcers so severe that he would bite himself because of the pain.

Job 2:7 So Satan went out from the presence of the LORD, and struck Job with painful boils from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 159This was a tumor on the flesh accompanied with severe inflammation causing fever and the afflicted flesh to burn and swell.

[blains] ’aba‛bu‛oth (H76), "to belch forth"; an inflammatory pustule.

This confirms that the plague was one of the boils breaking out on man and beast.

Deu 28:27 The LORD will strike you with the boils of Egypt, with tumors, with the scab, and with the itch, from which you cannot be healed.

10] And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses sprinkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast.

11] And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils; for the boil was upon the magicians, and upon all the Egyptians.

[could not stand before Moses] This again shows the powerlessness of the magicians, their magic art, and their gods in the presence of the True and Living God (Exo 8:19).

12] And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.

Plague #7 = Hail, Thunder, Fire (Lightning)13] And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the

morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

14] For I will at this time send all my plagues upon thine heart, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people; that thou mayest know that there is none like me in all the earth.Ten Predictions of God through Moses1. I will send plagues upon you (Exo 9:14).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1602. I will send plagues upon your servants.3. I will send plagues upon your people.4. You will know that there is none like Me in all the earth.5. I will smite you with pestilence (Exo 9:15).6. I will smite your people with pestilence.7. You will be cut off in death.8. My name will be known in the earth (Exo 9:16).9. Tomorrow at this time I will cause it to rain a grievous hail

such as never has been in Egypt (Exo 9:18).10. Every man and beast found in the field shall die because

of this hail (Exo 9:19).

[LORD God of the Hebrews] This expression is found five times in Exodus (Exo_3:18; Exo_7:16; Exo_9:1, Exo_9:13; Exo_10:3).

It literally means the Eternal, Self-existing, Covenant-keeping One; the Supporter, Protector, and Creator of the Hebrews.

A similar expression, "The God of the Hebrews," is found in Exo_5:3.

[Let my people go] The sixth time that the demand was made.

15] For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off from the earth.

16] And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth.

[for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power] This has been translated several different ways:

I have raised you to the throne, to show you My power ...; I have let you remain for the purpose of showing you My

power ...; I have caused you to stand, so as to show you My power ...; This is why I left you alive, to let you see My power ...; I have preserved you for this reason - to make you see My

power. Paul quotes this: "for this same purpose have I raised thee

up, that I might shew my power in thee."

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 161See Dakes notes at Rom 9:14-21.

God’s Choice of PharaohNothing here says that God from eternity chose Pharaoh to resist Him.

Pharaoh was so stubborn and rebellious to the point of self-destruction, God used him to make His own power, love, patience, and longsuffering known to all people.

God influenced human affairs so that such a person would be on the throne of Egypt when needed in the fulfillment of His plan;

But do not believe that God prevented or would not allow Pharaoh to repent and become submissive had he chosen to do so.

It was a PERSONAL choice with him as it is with everyone in the acceptance or rejection of the gospel (Mar 16:16; Joh 3:16; 2Co 2:15-16).

God did not force him to resist God’s will.

God gave him a free choice on numerous occasions to submit.

Since he would not, all God could do was send enough judgments to make the king willing to let Israel go (Exo 9:17).

17] As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go?

18] Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now.

Fiery HailEgypt is a sunny land with virtually no rain – so hail was extremely rare if it fell at all.

The seventh wonder was a tempest of hail and fire.

Where was Shu, the wind god? And Nut, the sky goddess? Where was Horus, the hawk-headed sky god of upper Egypt?

[tomorrow about this time] God appointed a set time, even more specific than in Exo 8:10, Exo 8:23, Exo 8:29; Exo 9:5.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 162Not just sometime tomorrow but "about this time" tomorrow.

[rain a grievous hail] Hail is made by drops of rain falling and rising through a cold region of the atmosphere where it is frozen into stones of ice until it becomes to heavy and falls to the ground.

Psa 78:47 says that God "destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycamore trees with frost." See Exo 9:25.

Egyptians were taught that Egypt’s origin was at the creation of the world and that Pharaoh is the divinely appointed ruler.

Their whole world centered around Egypt, the Nile, their various gods in which Pharaoh was the leader. He was considered a god.

They were taught this for generations, it was their whole mentality.

19] Send therefore now, and gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field; for upon every man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die.

20] He that feared the word of the LORD among the servants of Pharaoh made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses:

[made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses] God was fair to tell the people just when the plague would come.

He warned them of the result if they or their stock were left outside the buildings.

21] And he that regarded not the word of the LORD left his servants and his cattle in the field.

22] And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.

[Stretch forth thine hand] Moses was told to stretch out his hand five different times (Exo 9:22; Exo 10:12, Exo 10:21; Exo 14:16, Exo 14:26);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 163Aaron was told three times (Exo 7:19; Exo 8:5, Exo 8:16).

23] And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the LORD rained hail upon the land of Egypt.

[thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground] This was a series of thunder peals, large hail stones falling, and a continuous fire that ran along the ground devouring everything in its path - not mere flashes of lightning across the sky (Exo 9:23-25; Psa 78:48).

24] So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.

25] And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field.

26] Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail.

27] And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have sinned this time: the LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.

28] Intreat the LORD (for it is enough ) that there be no more mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer.

[it is enough] There is no need for further plagues. I submit to God’s will and will rebel no more.

[mighty thunderings] qoloth (H6963) ’Elohiym (H430), voices of God (cp. Psa 29:3-8; Jer 10:13).

When Pharaoh confessed his sin and the sin of his people, he even used the Hebrew names for God:

"I have sinned this time: the Lord [YHWH] is righteous, and I and my people are wicked. Intreat the Lord [YHWH] that there be no more mighty thunderings ["voices of Elohim"] (Exo 9:27,28)."

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 164The French have a phrase for one who speaks with spiritual language but whose heart is far from God: le patois de Canaan, the dialect of Canaan.

29] And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands unto the LORD; and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how that the earth is the LORD’S.

[spread abroad my hands] Standing with uplifted hands. Either standing or kneeling were common ways to pray (Exo 17:11; 2Ch 6:13; Ezr 9:5; Job 11:13; Psa 143:6; Mat 8:1-4; Mat 17:14; 1Ti 2:8).

30] But as for thee and thy servants, I know that ye will not yet fear the LORD God.

31] And the flax and the barley was smitten: for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled.

[bolled] The flax had set pods, the seed was in the pod ready for harvesting.

Exo 9:31 NASB (Now the flax and the barley were ruined H5221, for the barley was in the ear and the flax was in bud H1392.

32] But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they were not grown up.

Exo 9:32 NASB But the wheat and the spelt were not ruined H5221, for they ripen late H648.

By the crop conditions it was around February.

33] And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands unto the LORD: and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth.

34] And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 16535] And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would

he let the children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses.

[he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart] All God’s dealings with Pharaoh were efforts to soften his heart; but he hardened his heart after each miracle and the removal of each plague.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 166

Exodus 10Plague #8 = Locusts1] And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I

have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him:

2] And that thou mayest tell in the ears of thy son, and of thy son’s son, what things I have wrought in Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that ye may know how that I am the LORD.

Overtones of carrying this on for generations.

[know how that I am the LORD] Signs and miracles are to cause people to know that God is true, that He is Jehovah.

There was no other motive.

3] And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.

[LORD God of the Hebrews] This expression is found five times in Exodus (Exo 3:18; Exo 7:16; Exo 9:1, Exo 9:13; Exo 10:3).

It literally means the Eternal, Self-existing, Covenant-keeping One; the Supporter, Protector, and Creator of the Hebrews.

A similar expression, "The God of the Hebrews," is found in Exo 5:3.

[let my people go] Seventh and last time God asked Pharaoh to let His people go.

How many infidels who criticize God for His action here would be as lenient and merciful if they had the power to destroy their enemies?

Eight predictions of God through Moses here:1.  Tomorrow I will bring locusts (Exo 10:4).2.  They shall cover the earth (Exo 10:5).3.  They shall eat all the vegetation.4.  They shall eat the trees of the field.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1675.  They shall fill your houses (Exo 10:6).6.  They shall fill the houses of all your servants.7.  They fill the houses of all the Egyptians.8.  It will be the greatest plague of locusts since the time of Adam.

4] Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the locusts into thy coast:

[locusts] The destructive locust, larger than the ordinary grasshopper, has a large mouth with four incisive teeth which cut like scissors.

Some of the earlier plagues may have been separated by extended intervals, but the eighth plague followed immediately on the heels of the seventh: locusts came upon the land.

Every twig and leaf that had somehow escaped the hail and fire was now taken by the locusts.

Where was Nepri, the grain god? Where was Ermutet, goddess of childbirth and crops? Where was Anubis , the jackal-headed guardian of the fields? And where was Osiris, great head of their senior trinity who was also their agricultural god?

Having lost faith in their gods, rebellion was now in the air.

The common locust multiplies extremely fast. They are compared to armies (Jdg 6:5; Jdg 7:12; Psa 105:34; Jer 46:23; Jer 51:14; Joe 1:4; Nah 3:15).

Ordinary swarms have been known to cover the ground for miles.

The sun can be darkened by locusts in flight, the noise of which is like the rattling of hailstones.

The consequences are infinitely more destructive, however.

They alight on fields and form a solid bed, six to eight inches thick.

The noise they make eating can be heard at a great distance.

They destroy faster than fire without the slightest trace of any vegetation left after they’ve departed.

Psa 78:46 speaks of this plague, saying that God "gave also their increase unto the caterpiller, and their labour unto the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 168locust."

God empowered the locust that attacked Egypt during this plague.

5] And they shall cover the face of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remaineth unto you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which groweth for you out of the field:

6] And they shall fill thy houses, and the houses of all thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither thy fathers, nor thy fathers’ fathers have seen, since the day that they were upon the earth unto this day. And he turned himself, and went out from Pharaoh.

[since the day that they were upon the earth] This was the worst locust invasion since Adam, proving a supernatural element which other invasions did not have.

7] And Pharaoh’s servants said unto him, How long shall this man be a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed?

The first time Pharaoh’s officers intervened before the coming of another plague.

8] And Moses and Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh: and he said unto them, Go, serve the LORD your God: but who are they that shall go?

9] And Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast unto the LORD.

We will take every man, woman and child, and every animal of our flocks and herds which are needed for sacrifice.

This should have sounded reasonable to the Egyptians, for they had six great feasts honoring their gods during the year, and allowed their women and children to attend.

It was fair that the Hebrews have one feast in the wilderness.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 169They did not plan to return to Egypt, however, because they knew God’s plan for them was to leave altogether and occupy the promised land (Gen 15:1-21 and Gen 17:1-27).

10] And he said unto them, Let the LORD be so with you, as I will let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you.

11] Not so: go now ye that are men, and serve the LORD; for that ye did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence.

To paraphrase Exo 10:10-11, Jehovah will surely be with you, if I ever let you go with your children. Any attempt to go will meet with calamity. I will not let you take your families. Rather, you men may go and serve the Lord, which is what you wanted.

[driven out from Pharaoh’s presence.] Pharaoh reasoned that if they had no intention of escaping they would be satisfied for merely the men to go.

Knowing they would return to their families, he permitted the men to go.

Then Pharaoh drove Moses and Aaron out from his presence.

12] And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up upon the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail hath left.

[Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts] The locust plague was clearly supernatural; it came and left miraculously.

The locusts did not come one minute before, and they did not leave until there was another act of God.

Stretching out the hand with the rod of God was an act of obedience and faith which set God’s judgment in motion.

[all that the hail hath left] Hail destroyed much of the vegetation but not the wheat and rye (Exo 9:32).

Now all that was left was to be completely destroyed.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 17013] And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt,

and the LORD brought an east wind upon the land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.

Another supernatural element.

The Lord caused an east wind to blow all day and night.

Locusts began coming in the second morning and continued until all the land was covered with them.

14] And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.

These locusts were different from any there had ever been or ever would be, proving they were directly created by God.

15] For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of Egypt.Five Things that the Locusts Did1.  They caused men much grief (Exo 10:14).2.  They covered the land (Exo 10:15).3.  They made the land dark.4.  They ate all remaining herbs.5.  They ate all fruit of the trees.

16] Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I have sinned against the LORD your God, and against you.

When the plague was over and the land lay bare, Moses and Aaron were called to hear another meaningless confession and acknowledgement of a divine act (Exo 10:16-17).

This was the second time that Pharaoh confessed his sinfulness (Exo 9:27).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 17117] Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once,

and intreat the LORD your God, that he may take away from me this death only.

This was the first time that Pharaoh asked forgiveness for his sin against Israel.

It was not "repentance to salvation not to be repented of" (2Co 7:10), but a shallow confession

It was just an acknowledgement that he was in the wrong but with no real change of heart which would cause him to forsake sin (Pro 28:13).

All Pharaoh wanted was relief from his suffering and an escape from the death that he knew he was worthy of.

18] And he went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD.[intreated the LORD] A full proof of the supernatural element in

this plague.

The locusts did not depart until Moses prayed and God acted.

19] And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt.

[the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts] The Lord did this, not nature.

[Red Sea] The first mention of the Red Sea. "Red" may refer to Edom or Esau whose name means "red" and whose lands extended to its coasts (Gen 25:25).

It played a prominent part in the exodus (Exo 13:18; Exo 14:1-31; Exo 15:1-19; Jos 2:10; Psa 106:7, Psa 106:9, Psa 106:22; Psa 136:13-15; Act 7:36; Heb 11:29).

The Red Sea separates Arabia from Upper Ethiopia and part of Egypt.

It is about 1,350 miles long and 250 miles wide at the mid-section. It gradually diminishes toward the Suez Canal.

In the north section the sea is divided into the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba which are separated by the Sinai peninsula.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 172A strong south wind blows from October to May, raising the sea level several feet; but it is correspondingly lowered between May and October when the wind blows from the north.

[there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt] Removing the plague was as great a miracle as causing it to happen.

See Rev 9 for another plague of locusts, which the one in Exodus may be just a foreshadowing of, in the typological sense at least.

The locusts in Revelation come out of the bottomless pit.

Rev 9:11 describes the locusts and their king, who is the angel of the bottomless pit, Abbadon or Appolyon.

Amos 7:1 (LXX) suggests that “Gog” was also a “locust king.” Joel 2:11; Ps 105:34, 35.

Prov 30:7 notes that locusts have no king.

The Holy Spirit puts these little things in here on purpose.

When we get to Revelation and notice that these particular locusts have a king, we know that they are not normal locusts.

The idiom which the Holy Spirit is dealing in is locusts, and of course, patterned after it in a sense idiomatically speaking is the plague of locusts here in Exodus.

20] But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

Plague #9 = Darkness 21] And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand

toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

[Stretch out thine hand toward heaven] It was accomplished by Moses simply stretching out his hand toward heaven, which indicated obedience to the God of heaven who was the great miracle worker.

The ninth wonder was a darkness that could be felt! Josephus writes:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 173"But when Moses said that what he [Pharaoh] desired was unjust, since they were obliged to offer sacrifices to God of those cattle, and the time being prolonged on this account, a thick darkness, without the least light, spread itself over the Egyptians, whereby their sight being obstructed, and their breathing hindered by the thickness of the air, they were under terror lest they be swallowed up by the thick cloud. This darkness, after three days and as many nights was dissipated."

Where was Ra, god of the sun? In the school of On, or Heliopolis, city of the sun, the worship of Ra was virtually almost monotheistic. He and Aten, the sun's disc, were worshiped with the ankh, symbol of life from the sun, as almost a sort of trinity. Where was Horus, the god of the sunrise? Or Tem, the god of the sunset? Or Shu , the god of light? Or the deities of the moon and planets?

[Darkness which may be “felt.] This is deeper than just darkness as the absence of light, it is a spiritual darkness.

[darkness which may be felt] Dense DarknessThis darkness, which could be felt, was so dense that nothing could be seen, and no one could move out from his place (Exo 10:23).

Thick darkness is mentioned in Exo 10:22; Exo 20:21; Deu 5:22; 1Ki 8:12; 2Ch 6:1; Job 38:9; Joe 2:2; Zep 1:15.

This is evidently the same as the thick cloud of Exo 19:9, Exo 19:16; 2Sa 22:12; Job 22:14; Job 26:8; Job 37:11; Psa 18:11-12.

The darkness and clouds are of the same substance.

This could be a picture of the outer darkness of hell (Mat 8:12; Mat 22:13; Mat 25:30; 2Pe 2:4, 2Pe 2:17; Jud 1:6, Jud 1:13).

In what sense the darkness and fire of hell will be combined is not explained, but both are literal and eternal (Isa 66:24; Mat 13:42-50; Mat 25:41, Mat 25:46; Mar 9:32-49; Rev 14:9-11; Rev 20:10-15; Rev 21:8 ; Rev 22:15).

Seven Cases of Darkness:1. The darkness at creation of the earth (Job 38:9; cp. with five

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 174future times of darkness on earth

Rev 6:12 I looked when He opened the sixth seal, and behold, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became like blood.

[sun became black as sackcloth of hair] Five times the sun darkened in 70th week:1. During the 6th seal in the early part of the week

(Rev_6:12)2. During the 4th trumpet (Rev_8:12)3. During the 5th trumpet (Rev_9:2)4. During the 5th vial at the end of the week

(Rev_16:10)5. Immediately after the future tribulation at the second

coming (Mat_24:29; Isa_13:10; Eze_32:7-8; Joe_2:31; Joe_3:15; Act_2:16-21)

2. The curse of darkness on the earth (Gen 1:2).3. The horror of darkness on Abraham (Gen 15:12).4. The curse of darkness over Egypt (Exo 10:21-22).5. The darkness between Israelites and Egyptians (Exo 14:20;

Jos 24:7).6. The darkness on Sinai when the law was given (Exo 20:21;

Deu 4:11; Deu 5:22-23; Heb 12:18).7. The darkness at the crucifixion (Mat 27:45; Mar 15:33; Luk

23:44).

22] And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:“Ra” - the sun, the source of light, is the highest among the Egyptian gods.

Even ‘Pharaoh’ is derived from the word “Ra.”

The ultimate put down for Egypt, after going through their whole Parthenon of idols, is to address the highest of their gods, Ra, the god of light.

God deals with him by plunging the land into darkness for three days! (Gen 1:3)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 17523] They saw not one another, neither rose any from his

place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.

Most scholars presume that this light was the Shekinah glory, something supernatural, just like the supernatural darkness, supernatural light.

We are children of the light, 1 Thes 5. (Eph 5:8; 2 Cor 4:6; Prov 4:19; Eph 2:12; Matt 8:12; Jude 13).

[Three days of darkness] God withdrew His light from the land of Egypt. 2 Cor 5:21; Hab 1:13; Ps 22;

Jesus was made sin for us;

God cannot look upon evil which is why Jesus quoted Psalm 22 on the cross,

God Himself had to alienate Himself from His own Son, because His Son was made sin on our behalf, but then God could not look upon sin.

There was darkness on the Earth for three hours

Jesus body was in the tomb for 3 days and nights.

24] And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you.

[only let your flocks and your herds be stayed] Pharaoh, nearing the breaking point, was willing to let everyone go, if he could keep the flocks and herds of Israel.

His own had been decimated.

He might have thought this would discourage Israel from leaving but Moses only answered that not one hoof should be left behind.

25] And Moses said, Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice unto the LORD our God.

26] Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the LORD

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 176our God; and we know not with what we must serve the LORD, until we come thither.

[we know not with what we must serve the LORD, until we come thither] It was not known what kind or how many sacrifices would be required by the Lord - the laws were not given yet.

Therefore, it was only proper that every beast be taken along.

27] But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let them go.

28] And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die.

Pharaoh was angry at Moses’ answer and drove him away under the sentence of death, if they meet again.

If Pharaoh had attempted to kill either Moses or Aaron, God would have intervened, because their mission was not finished.

They were commissioned to lead Israel out of Egypt, not to perish in the attempt.

It’s impossible for any man under direct orders from God to die before his mission is accomplished, unless he fails God, like the prophet mentioned in 1Ki 13:1-34.

Fourteen Rulers Offended by God ’s Servants 1. Pharaoh offended by Abraham (Gen 12:10-20)2. Abimelech offended by Abraham (Gen 20:1-18)3. Abimelech offended by Isaac (Gen 26:6-16)4. Pharaoh offended by Moses (Exo 10:24-29)5. Balak offended by Balaam (Num 24:10-11)6. Jeroboam offended by a prophet (1Ki 13:4)7. Ahab offended by Micaiah (1Ki 22:6-28)8. Namaan offended by Elisha (2Ki 5:10-19)9. Asa offended by Hanani (2Ch 16:7-11)10. Joash offended by Zechariah (2Ch 24:20-22)11. Uzziah offended by Azariah (2Ch 26:16-21)12. Jehoiakim offended by Urijah (Jer 26:20-24)13. Zedekiah offended by Jeremiah (Jer 32:1-5)14. Herod offended by John the Baptist (Mat 14:3)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 17729] And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well, I will see thy

face again no more.This was literally fulfilled, because in Exo 11:8 and Exo 12:30-33,

Pharaoh’s messengers spoke to Moses, not Pharaoh personally.

God is judging the gods of Egypt, the plagues are really a chronicle of the gods they worshiped.

Summary of These Nine PlaguesIf you take the 10 plagues and lay them out, you will find there is a strange introversion of these things structurally.

The first and the 10th relate to blood (water to blood and blood on the doorposts and lentils).

The frogs are night creatures and the 9th is the darkness for 3 days.

The lice from the dust and the locusts are notably admitted by the enemy as acts of God.

Thunder and the Hail and the flies, in both cases Goshen is specifically mentioned.

In the disease of the cattle and the boils, both are focusing on the beasts.

A study of these shows that they are structurally attended to.

The purpose of the plagues is to demonstrate the power of God (Exo 9:16),

Even Pharaoh’s ministers declared it to be the finger of God in Exo 8:19

The purpose of the plagues is also to demonstrate God’s wrath (Exo 10:16).

There is certainly the judgement of the demons (Num 33:4).

They also serve as a warning to the nations (Gen 12:3).

Even Rahab had heard Josh 2:8,9; Philistines in 2 Sam 4:8 about what had happened to the Egyptians.

These were also to test Israel (Deut 4:33; Ex 15:11).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 178Patterns of the PlaguesJudgment against the gods they worshipped (Num 33:4; Judg 10:14); public display of power (Ex 9:16); warning to other nations (Josh 2:8,9); Philistines (1 Sam 4:8; cf. Gen 12:3).

Warning #1 Exo 7:14-25 Water turned to bloodWarning #2 Exo 8:1-5 Frogs on land, homes(No warning) Exo 8:10-19 Lice on persons

This prevented worship by their priests (Exo 8:18); they could not reproduce this one.

(3 times they did: rods into serpents Exo 7:12 (2 Tim 3:8); water into blood, Exo 7:22; frogs, Exo 8:12). Note also miracles by enemies: Rev 16:14.

Warning #3 Exo 8:20-24 Flies on homes (Beelzebub = “fly” god)

Warning #4 Exo 9:1-7 Disease on Cattle(No warning) Exo 9:8-12 Boils, sores: man & beastWarning #5 Exo 9:18-35 Thunder, hailWarning #6 Exo 10:1-20 Locusts\ Pharoah: “I have sinned”(No warning) Exo 10:21-29 Darkness (3 days)Warning #7 Exo 11 & 12 Firstborn, Man and Beast cf. Exo

4:22, Israel = “firstborn”

Other Patterns1, 2, 3 = Rod of Aaron;4, 5, 6 = no rod;7, 8, 9 = Rod of Moses.Also,5, 6 Cattle involved;4, 7 Goshen exempted (Exo 8:22; Exo 9:26);3, 8 Admission by enemies;2, 9 Darkness;1, 10 Death.

Prophetic Parallels1. Time of Jacob’s Trouble: Israel sorely oppressed (Jer 30:5-8;

Isa 60:14). Time of Israel’s trouble. Jacob’s Trouble is the Old Testament name for Tribulation.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1792. Israel had to cry to God and they will hear. (Jer 31:18-20; Hos

5 - 6).3. God will command oppressors “Let them go.” (Isa 43:6).4. Two Witnesses Sent in both Exodus and Revelation.

And they do miracles (Rev 11:3-6). Two uniquely done by Elijah,Two uniquely done by Moses.

5. Enemies of God (in both books) do miracles. Rev 13:13-15, even doing a simulated resurrection.

6. God will execute sore judgements upon the world (Jer 25; Rev 6-19).

7. God will protect His People from these judgments (Rev 7:4; oo12:6; and Chapters 14-16).

8. Water will be turned to blood. (Rev 8:8; 16:4,5).9. Satanic Frogs to appear (Rev 16:13).10. Plague of Locusts Sent (Rev 9:2-11).11. Boils (Rev 16:2).12. Terrible Hailstones of Fire (Rev 8:7).13. Darkness (Isa 60:2; Rev 16:10).14. Hearts to be Hardened (Rev 9:20, 21).15. Death on multitudes (Rev 9:15).16. Israel is Delivered (Zech 14:3,4; Rom 11:26).

The precondition:

Hos 5:15-16 “until they acknowledge their offense” (their offense is rejecting their messiah).

Hos 6:1 - Israel’s prayer. Some scholars view Israel’s sin as rejecting their Messiah, this occurred long before Calvary, this occurred in Mt 12.

(See the study on Zechariah 12, 13, 14)

Lessons for TodayThe invisible war goes on yet today. These same Egyptian god-demons are worshiped today.

The Scripture tells us that we become like the gods we worship. Visit Egypt today and when you leave Cairo you will see villages living on dung hills.

And this is not a typical "third world" country: it once ruled the known world!

Are idols of stone cold, unresponsive, and immovable?

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 180Worship idols of stone, you, too, will become cold, unresponsive, and immovable.

Is the world materialistic? Harsh? Unforgiving? Worship the world, you, too, will become materialistic, harsh, and unforgiving.

You will become like the gods you worship. Worship Jesus Christ, who loved us and gave himself for us, you will become more like Him.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 181

Exodus 11

Plague #10 = Death of 1st born Pharaoh is Warned

1] And the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether.Against Pharaoh, “chief of strength,” Ps 78.51. Remember he represents Satan.

2] Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold.

[Speak now in the ears of the people] Moses was to give an immediate message to Israel.

[borrow] “Sha’al” (H7592), to ask; request; demand; require.

In 173 occurrences the word is translated "borrow" only 6 times.

It does not mean borrow here in the usual sense that we use the term.

It should be asked in Exo_3:22; Exo_11:2; Exo_12:35.

See the true meaning in Gen_24:47; Gen_26:7; Gen_32:29; Gen_34:12; 1Sa_1:17, 1Sa_1:20, 1Sa_1:27; 1Sa_8:10; Psa_2:8; etc.

One could not substitute "borrow" for "ask" in these and scores of other places and have the intended thought.

It was to "compensate" the whole nation for serving without pay for 80 to 100 years (i.e. reparations).

They are solicitating gifts, not with the intention of being returned.

They will leave Egypt with riches as told to Abraham and as promised to Moses on the backside of the desert.

[jewels] keliy (H3627), something prepared; any implement, utensil, dress, vessel, weapon, jewel, or money.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 182The articles were of gold, silver, and cloth to be worn by the

Israelites (Exo_11:2; Exo_12:35; Exo_35:22; Gen_24:53; Num_31:50-51; 1Sa_6:8, 1Sa_6:15; 2Ch_20:25; 2Ch_32:27; Job_28:17; Eze_16:17, Eze_16:39; Eze_23:26).

3] And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh’s servants, and in the sight of the people.

[gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians] Favor - all fulfilling prophecy of Exodus 3:21 and Gen 15:14

The Egyptians had now learned that Israel’s God was to be obeyed.

They had also learned to respect and fear Moses.

With the death of their firstborn, they were glad to do anything to get rid of Israel (Exo 11:8; Exo 12:33-36).

[great in the land of Egypt] He was great as the deliverer of Egypt from Ethiopia before he first fled Egypt

According to Josephus, Moses was put in command of the Egyptian war against the Ethiopians and conquered them completely.

The great miracles to deliver Israel made him greater in the eyes of men.

[in the sight of Pharaoh’s servants, and in the sight of the people] He was not great in Pharaoh’s eyes, only in the eyes of his servants and people.

4] And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt:

Another Ten Predictions of God through Moses1.  I will bring judgment at midnight (Exo 11:4).2.  All the firstborn of every Egyptian family shall die (Exo 11:5).3.  The firstborn of beasts belonging to Egyptians shall die.4.  There shall be a great weeping in all the land of Egypt (Exo

11:6).5.  The weeping will be such as has never been; its like shall

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 183never be again.

6.  No person of Israel will be hurt (Exo 11:7).7.  No beast in Israel will be hurt.8.  I will make a difference between the Egyptians and Israelites.9.  All Pharaoh’s servants will bow before Me and beg Israel to get

out (Exo 11:8).10.  This will not break Pharaoh (Exo 11:9).

This plague was against all gods of Egypt.

[About midnight] Midnight of the day that they left Egypt (Exo 12:29-33).

5] And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts.

[maidservant that is behind the mill] "The maidservant that is behind the mill" expresses the the lowest rank of society.

The lowest slaves were put to work grinding the grain.

Portable millstones were usually used, the upper of which was turned with a handle.

The work was laborious and if done by women, two worked together (Mat 24:41).

They sat on the ground with the millstones between them, working the handle together.

Behind the mill” technically “between the millstones.”

“All” - Rom 3:3; 2 Pet 2:4; Eph 2:3.

The basic principle is that all firstborn in the land of Egypt will die, no matter their heritage.

We, too, are under a sentence of death, we all are without redemption.

Israel did nothing to earn her deliverance. Neither can we earn our own redemption.

Israel also idol worshiping here: Lev 17:7; Josh 24:14; Ezek 20:6-9.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 184God’s covenant is the basis of their redemption, not their faith! Ex

6:6-8. It is by Grace.6] And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of

Egypt, such as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more.

7] But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how that the LORD doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.

[shall not a dog move his tongue] Dogs often howl at the time of death.

There must have been much howling when all the firstborn of Egypt were killed.

But no dog raised his voice over an Israelite; none of them died.

It is also likely that they were supernaturally hushed when the millions of Hebrews began to leave Egypt.

Dogs were sacred to Egyptians.

In Anubis, the city of the dog, they were fed consecrated food in the temple dedicated to the dog god.

Even this final miracle was against another Egyptian god.

“A difference” - we will find out that this difference is the blood of the lamb. Gen 22:8.

Day of Atonement used two goats; one for the Lord (Rom 3: Exodus 11:7

God’s eye was on the blood, not the house (Heb 11:28).

8] And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger.

This was literally fulfilled (Exo 12:33).

[anger] Moses was stirred with anger against the stubborness of Pharaoh who had lied, resisted God, and shown nothing but hatred for Israel and their God.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 185Fourteen Examples of Being Angry1.  Esau was angry against Jacob (Gen 27:45).2.  Jacob was angry at Rachel (Gen 30:2).3.  Simeon and Levi were angry at Shechem (Gen 49:6-7).4.  Moses was angry at Pharaoh (Exo 11:8) and against Israel

(Exo 32:19).5.  Balaam was angry at an ass (Num 22:27).6.  Balak was angry at Balaam (Num 24:10).7.  Samson was angry at Philistines (Jdg 14:19).8.  Saul was angry at Ammonites (1Sa 11:6) and against

Jonathan (1Sa 20:30-34).9.  Eliab was angry at David (1Sa 17:28).10.  David was angry at a rich man (2Sa 12:5).11.  Ahasuerus was angry at Vashti (Est 1:12).12.  Nebuchadnezzar was angry at wise men (Dan 2:12).13.  Jonah was angry at God (Jon 4:1-11).14.  Jesus was angry at hypocrites (Mar 3:5).

9] And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.

Exodus 11:9[that my wonders may be multiplied] I will take advantage of

his rebellion and multiply My acts of power, that the world may know I am God (Exo 6:7; Exo 7:1-25 :Exo 5:1-23, Exo 17:1-16; Exo 8:10, Exo 8:22; Exo 9:14, Exo 9:29-30; Exo 10:2; Exo 11:7; Exo 14:4, Exo 14:18; Exo 16:6, Exo 16:12).

This is the reason why God used His power, according to these texts.

10] And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 186

Exodus 12God Commands Passover Lamb1] And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of

Egypt, saying,2] This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it

shall be the first month of the year to you.[This month shall be unto you the beginning of months]The month of Nisan = the month of Abib It begins their religious calendar in the spring.

The 10th is when they single out the lambs, the 14th is the Passover.

Remember that their day started at sunset.

The Jewish CalendarJews still consider Abib or Nisan as the beginning of their sacred year and Tishri as the beginning of the civil year.

The month Abib (Exo 13:4), later called Nisan, corresponded somewhat with April (Neh 2:1; Est 3:7).

Israel’s year previously began with Tishri, which is now the seventh month (corresponding with September).

15th of Abib (Nisan) became the ruling date of all events of the year.

The Jewish Calendar Compared to Ours:1. Abib (Nisan) March-April2. Iyyar (Zif) April-May3. Sivan May-June4. Tammuz June-July5. Ab July-August6. Elul August-September7. Tishri (Tisri) September-October8. Marchesvan (Bul) October-November9. Chisleu November-December10. Tebeth December-January11. Sebat January-February12. Adar February-March

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 187To maintain the relation of lunar months to the solar year, it was periodically necessary to add a thirteenth month, called Second Adar.

In Scripture, Jewish months are generally identified by number instead of names:

The first month (31 times); Abib (Exo 13:4; Exo 23:15; Exo 34:18; Deu 16:1); Nisan (Neh 2:1; Est 3:7)

The second month (14 times); Zif (1Ki 6:1, 1Ki 6:37)The third month (6 times); Sivan (Est 8:9)The fourth month (6 times)The fifth month (11 times)The sixth month (4 times); Elul (Neh 6:15)The seventh month (27 times)The eighth month (5 times); Bul (1Ki 6:38)The ninth month (7 times); Chisleu (Neh 1:1; Zec 7:1)The tenth month (11 times); Tebeth (Est 2:16)The eleventh month (3 times); Sebat (Zec 1:7)The twelfth month (8 times); Adar (Ezr 6:15; Est 3:7, Est 3:13;

Est 8:12; Est 9:1, Est 9:15, Est 9:17, Est 9:19, Est 9:21)

No particular month is mentioned in the New Testament, compared to 158 times in the Old Testament

Laws regarding days, weeks, months, years, sabbaths, new moons, feasts, and various rituals have been entirely done away with in the New Testament.

Paul condemns observing days, months, times, and years, and respecting holydays, new moons, or sabbath days as essential to salvation (Rom 14:5-6; Gal 4:9-10; Col 2:14-17).

3] Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:

[In the tenth day of this month] This proves that the death of the firstborn was at least five days after its announcement, and the midnight of Exo 11:4 was not on the day Moses received the prophecy of the coming plague.

4] And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 188number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.

[number of souls] Rabbis allowed no less than ten persons to a lamb and not more than twenty.

God did not set a min-max number limit. Only requirement was that the Lamb be fully consumed. Exo 12:10

Mat_26:26  And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body.

Mar_14:22  Luk_22:19  1Co_11:24  And when he had given thanks, he brake it,

and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me.

[lamb] A type of Christ the Lamb of God (Joh 1:29; Rev 5:6-10) who was without blemish (Exo 12:5; 1Pe 1:19).

5] Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats:

[Blemish] - 1 Pet 1:19; Lev 22:18-20. Every detail in the scripture about Passover will point to Jesus Christ.

Ps 34:20, one is not to break a bone of the Passover lamb (Ex 12:46).

6] And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.

[It] always singular in Exodus.

[fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it] This was the butchering day for the passover lamb. Anyone could kill it.

[in the evening] beyn (H996) ha-‛arbayim (H6153) "between the two evenings."

Jews had two evenings:

-- the first one was at 3:00 p.m., when the evening sacrifice

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 189was killed; and

-- the second one was at 6:00 p.m., near sunset (cp Mat 27:46).

7] And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.

[take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it] They dipped a bunch of hyssop in the blood and struck both side posts and the upper post (lintel) of the door (Exo 12:7, Exo 12:22-23).

The motion of putting the blood on the lintel and the side posts makes a cross.

It typified the blood of Christ sprinkled for believers (Mat 26:28; 1Pe 1:2, 1Pe 1:18-19; Heb 9:13-14, Heb 9:22; Heb 10:19; Heb 13:20).

No blood was to be sprinkled on the threshold where the feet would trample on it.

Heb 10:29 Of how much worse punishment, do you suppose, will he be thought worthy who has trampled the Son of God underfoot, counted the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified a common thing, and insulted the Spirit of grace?

8] And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.

[roast with fire] Jews were to roast the lamb and not eat any of it raw, as Egyptians who ate raw flesh in honor of Osiris.

God was seeking every way to differentiate (sanctify – set apart from) and free Israel from idolatry.

[unleavened] matsah (H4682), to squeeze or compress.

It refers to bread without yeast which is a form of ferment and typifies sin (2Co 5:6-8).

Yeast causes the bread to rise and be full of air pockets.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 190[bitter herbs] Bitter herbs (perhaps it was chicory, wild lettuce,

and horehound) were to be used with the meal.

They were to remind Israel of their bitter slavery in Egypt from which God was now ready to deliver them (Exo 12:29-14:31).

Rom_6:11 Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Rom 6:17-18 NKJV But God be thanked that though you were slaves of sin, yet you obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine to which you were delivered. 18 And having been set free from sin, you became slaves of righteousness.

9] Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof.

[Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water] Two ways not to prepare the Passover:

1. Raw, as Egyptians did in worship2. Sodden (boiled) in water or milk

[Fire] speaks of God’s purifying judgement – purging of dross

[his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof] The lamb was to be roasted whole, including the head, heart, liver, and kidneys - but not the intestines.

10] And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire.

Burn what you cannot eat.

11] And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD’S passover.

Eat it clothed and in “haste” to be ready to move!

[loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand] They were to be dressed for travel - ready to depart from Egypt.

[your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand] Shoes

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 191on your feet. Make a study of shoes: Deut 29:5; Lk 15:22; Eph 6:15; Ex 3; Ruth 4; John 1. Shoes speak of your walk.

Seven Things not observed at Other Passovers1. The congregation killing their own lambs (Exo 12:6; later

the priests did this).2. Placing blood on the side posts and lintels of the doors

(Exo 12:7, Exo 12:22-23).3. Loins girded (Exo 12:11; cp. Luk 12:35).4. Shoes on the feet (Exo 12:11).5. Staff in hand, ready for travel.6. Eating in haste.7. Refraining from going outdoors until morning (Exo 12:22).

[passover] This is the general name of this feast which commemorated Israel’s deliverance from death when the angel passed over Egypt to slay all the firstborn (Exo 12:11-14).

Redemption by Blood12] For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and

will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD.Five More Predictions of God through Moses1.  I will pass through Egypt tonight (Exo 12:12).2.  I will smite the firstborn of man and beast.3.  I will judge the gods of Egypt.4.  When I see the blood upon your houses I will pass over you

(Exo 12:13).5.  The plague shall not be on Israel.

13] And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt.

[Blood shall be to you for a token] Blood was the token of obedience. By this sign the death angel knew which houses to pass over when slaying the firstborn.

Faith - confidence in God gave peace in the houses where

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 192the blood had been sprinkled

Heb 9:22 And according to the law almost all things are purified with blood, and without shedding of blood there is no remission.

[when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you] With the blood applied and all conditions met, God gave security to that home.

Doubt might destroy the peace, but not the security which was founded on God’s word.

Faith was demonstrated by obedience.

Without the blood applied claims of having faith would have brought no security, regardless of personal feelings.

So it is with the gospel that all conditions must be met: repentance must be sincere.

No one is secure in Christ while living in sin, since the terms of repentance are not then being met (Joh 8:31-36; Joh 15:1-8; Rom 6:16-23; Rom 8:1-13; 2Co 3:16-17; 2Co 6:9-11,19-20; 2Co 9:1-15 :27; Gal 1:6-8; Gal 5:4, Gal 5:16-26; Col 3:5-10; Tit 2:11-13; Heb 3:6, Heb 3:12-14; Heb 6:4-9; Heb 10:19-29; 2Pe 2:20-22).

[pass over] pacach (H6452). passover (pecach (H6453) is the name of the yearly feast of Israel to commemorate their deliverance from the death angel in Egypt.

The feast of Passover is a celebration, a time when Jews remember how God used Moses to free Israel from bondage and slavery in Egypt.

The Passover is a key event in the history of Israel.

It becomes an underlying current throughout the entire Old Testament.

It is interesting that by tradition almost every major event in Israel’s history is regarded as having occurred on Passover.

Enoch is regarded as having been raptured (translated) on what would have been Passover.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 193 The Covenant with Abraham is regarded as occurring on

the Passover, Gen 15; Abraham is regarded as having entertained his heavenly

guests by the oaks of Mamre on Passover; Sodom is regarded as being destroyed following Passover; Jericho is regarded to have fallen on Passover; the handwriting on the wall in Daniel 5 is regarded to have

been on Passover.

While these are just traditions, it is curious that Passover surfaces historically as a significant date.

We are interested in Passover for quite a different set of reasons;

1Co 5:7-8 NKJV Therefore purge out the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, since you truly are unleavened. For indeed Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us. 8 Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

Leaven as a type of sin.

The Feast of Unleavened Bread is the seven days starting the 15th of Nisan, the end of Passover.

Three of the seven feasts of Moses occur in the month of Nisan.

The first three deal with Christ’s 1st coming, The last three deal with His second coming and The middle one deals with the Church — Pentecost, which

happens 50 days after Passover.

Passover is actually celebrated over several days.

There is the Hagadah which occurs on the 14th and 15th, the 14th being optional the 15th being obligatory.

Many people don’t understand how Christ could have instituted the Lord’s supper and been crucified the next day, it is a complex issue.

Passover in Old Testament history is God dealing with Israel and performing this act.

We are interested in it in a second way because it underlies so much thinking in the Old Testament Levitical system.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 194We speak of the Egyptian Passover meaning the actual event which we are reading.

We speak of the instituted Passover, which God will take this event and then ordain a memorial, a memorial relationship and a prophetic relationship.

The third meaning which we are interested in is the way that the Passover refers to Jesus Christ.

The first place that the Passover refers to Jesus Christ, is in Gen 3 where Adam and Eve cloth themselves with handmade leaves for clothes, and God covers them with coats of skins.

God was teaching them that by the shedding of innocent blood they would be covered.

The institution that we sometimes call the Levitical system can actually be traced to Genesis 3.

This gives us more of an insight into Cain and Abel because the sacrifices were instituted in the garden prophetically pointing to the redeemer.

Abel observed the system, Cain did not, he was offering the fruits of his own hands, in contrast to the offering by faith.

Perhaps the most dramatic prophecy of the Passover was when Abraham was instructed to offer Isaac.

They traveled three days by instruction (Gen 22), and they went up the hill, when Isaac asks where is the lamb for the offering. Abraham turns to Isaac and says, “God will provide Himself a lamb.”

Abraham knew he was acting out prophecy, he was relying on the resurrection of Isaac for his salvation, because he figured that if God was going to kill him, God would have to raise him because God had promised that Isaac would have seed.

Abraham’s belief in Isaac’s resurrection is what scholars believe was the kernel of Abraham’s faith.

Abraham knew that he was acting out prophecy because he named the place, Jehovah Jireh (= in the mount of the Lord it shall be seen) which 2000 years later another Father offers His only begotten Son.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 195Study Genesis 22.

In John 1:29, John the Baptist when he first introduces Jesus (who was his cousin) to the people, he says, “Behold the lamb of God that taketh away the sins of the world.”

He is referring to Passover.

Throughout these several chapters of instruction about Passover, never does the word “lamb” appear in the plural.

We speak of the seven feasts of Moses, the Levitical feasts, Passover is not a Levitical feast.

Rabbinical feasts were slaughtered by the High Priest,Passover is slaughtered for every household, by the head of the household.

Notice in that the language of the text (Exo 12:3-6) goes from the indefinite article “a” to “the” to “your” lamb, personally.

It is very different than the other feasts. It is also partaken, eaten personally.

The Eight Feasts of Jehovah:1.  The weekly sabbath feast (Lev_23:2-3)2.  The yearly passover feast (Lev_23:4-5)3.  The yearly feast of unleavened bread (Lev_23:6-8)4.  The yearly feast of firstfruits (Lev_23:9-14)5.  The yearly feast of Pentecost (Lev_23:15-21)6.  The yearly feast of trumpets (Lev_23:23-25)7.  The yearly feast of atonement (Lev_23:26-32)8.  The yearly feast of tabernacles (Lev_23:33-34)

Three commands—the Feasts of Jehovah:1.  Speak to Israel concerning the feasts of Jehovah (Lev_23:2).2.  Proclaim My feasts to be holy convocations.3.  Proclaim the feasts in their proper seasons (Lev_23:4).

Three Yearly Feast Gatherings for All Males:1.  The feasts of the passover, unleavened bread, and firstfruits

were observed in the same season at the same gathering (Exo_12:1-51; Exo_23:14-17).

2.  The feast of Pentecost (Lev_23:15-21; Exo_23:16)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1963.  The feast of tabernacles (Lev_23:33-44; Exo_23:16;

Exo_34:18-22). This was preceded by two other feasts which all males attended.

By gathering fifteen days earlier they could attend all three which required a total of twenty-one days

— the feast of trumpets, — the great day of atonement, and — feast of tabernacles (Lev_23:23-44; 2Ch_8:13).

Eight Other Feasts of the Jews:1.  A septennial (recurring every seven years) or sabbatical feast

(Lev_25:1-55)2.  The feast of the new moon, the first crescent moon after its

transition (1Ch_23:31; 2Ch_2:4; 2Ch_8:13; 2Ch_31:3; Ezr_3:5; Neh_10:33; Isa_1:13-14; Hos_2:11; Col_2:14-17)

3.  The feast of Purim, to celebrate the deliverance from Haman (Est_9:1-32)

4.  The feast of dedication, or the restoration of the temple, which was profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes (Joh_10:22). This was also called the feast of lights.

5.  The feast of branches, to commemorate the taking of Jericho by Joshua. It is not mentioned in Scripture.

6.  The feast for the death of Nicanor (1 Macc. 7:48 of the Apocrypha)

7.  The feast for the discovery of the sacred fire (2 Macc. 1:18)8.  The feast of carrying wood to the tabernacle, called Xylophory

(Josephus, Wars of the Jews, II:17:6)

Passover as a Memorial of Redemption14] And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye

shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.

[memorial] A memorial, as long as you continue in obedience to God.

[for ever] ‛owlam (H5769), "time out of mind; without end."

It means time without defined limits and corresponds to the Greek: aionios (G166), translated "everlasting" and "eternal"

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 197in connection with the existence of God, heaven, hell, life, the kingdom, and other things that are clearly eternal.

The passover and certain other memorials are eternal and will be observed in the eternal reign of Christ (Eze 45:17; Eze 46:14).

15] Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.

[Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread] First mention of the feast of unleavened bread, a distinct feast from passover.

It began with passover and continued seven days, the first and seventh days being holy convocations (Exo 12:16).

Later in Leviticus we will see that this is broken down into a separate feast.

The word Passover is often used connotatively to mean both feasts, the Feast of Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread (which goes 7 days).

[leaven] First occurrence of leaven, yeast.

All leavened (or fermented) bread was to be put out of the house during the feast of unleavened bread (Exo 12:15-20, Exo 12:34, Exo 12:39; Exo 13:3-7).

Leaven is a symbol of evil (2Co 5:6-8; Gal 5:9) and false doctrines (Mat 13:33; Mat 16:6-12; Mar 8:15; Luk 12:1; Luk 13:21).

[that soul shall be cut off from Israel] The death penalty was passed upon all who ate leavened bread during the feast of unleavened bread.

God is serious about this feast.

Forty-two Death-Penalty Sins1.  Murder (Gen_9:6; Exo_21:12-14, Exo_21:20, Exo_21:23;

Lev_24:17, Lev_24:21; Num_35:16-34; Deu_19:1-21)2.  Failing to circumcise (Gen_17:14; Exo_4:24-25)3.  Eating leavened bread during the feast of unleavened bread

(Exo_12:15, Exo_12:19)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 1984.  Smiting parents (Exo_21:15)5.  Kidnapping (Exo_21:16; Deu_24:7)6.  Cursing parents (Exo_21:17; Lev_20:9)7.  Negligence with animals that kill (Exo_21:28-32)8.  Witchcraft (Exo_22:18)9.  Bestiality (Exo_22:19; Lev_18:23-29; Lev_20:15-16)10.  Idolatry (Exo_22:20)11.  Making holy anointing oil (Exo_30:33)12.  Putting holy anointing oil on strangers (Exo_30:33)13.  Making the holy perfume (Exo_30:38)14.  Defiling the sabbath (Exo_31:14)15.  Working on the sabbath (Exo_35:2)16.  Eating the flesh of the peace offering in uncleanness

(Lev_7:20-21)17.  Eating the fat of sacrifices (Lev_7:25)18.  Killing sacrifices other than at the door of the tabernacle

(Lev_17:1-9)19.  Eating blood (Lev_17:10-14)20.  Incest (Lev_18:6-29; Lev_20:11-22)21.  Eating sacrifices at the wrong time (Lev_19:5-8)22.  Consecration of children to idols (Lev_20:1-5)23.  Spiritualism (Lev_20:6, Lev_20:27)24.  Adultery (Lev_20:10; Deu_22:22-30)25.  Sodomy—homosexuality (Lev_20:13)26.  Relationship with a menstruous woman (Lev_20:18)27.  Whoredom (Lev_21:9; Deu_22:21-22)28.  Sacrilege (Lev_22:3)29.  Refusing to fast on day of atonement (Lev_23:29)30.  Working on day of atonement (Lev_23:30)31.  Blasphemy (Lev_24:11-16)32.  Failure to keep the passover (Num_9:13)33.  Presumptuous sins (Num_15:30-31)34.  Gathering firewood on the sabbath (Num_15:32-36)35.  Failure to purify self before worship (Num_19:13,

Num_19:20)36.  False prophecy (Deu_13:1-18; Deu_18:20)37.  Leading men away from God (Deu_13:6-18)38.  Backsliding (Deu_17:2-7)39.  Stubbornness and rebellion (Deu_21:18-23)40.  Gluttony (Deu_21:20-23)41.  Drunkenness (Deu_21:20-23)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 19942.  False dreams and visions (Deu_13:1-18)

The New Testament teaches the death penalty for certain crimes (Rom_13:1-7; 1Ti_1:8-10; Jas_2:10-13; Jas_4:11-12; 1Pe_2:13-15).

Both testaments list many sins that damn the soul and incur the eternal death penalty — the lake of fire (Jer_23:1-40; Eze_3:18,33; Mar_7:20-23; Rom_1:18-32; 1Co_6:9-11; Gal_5:19-21; Col_3:5-10; 2Pe_2:1-22; Jud_1:3-19).

Though the law of Moses has been abolished, the same sins it condemned (except sabbath-breaking) are now condemned in New Testament scriptures.

16] And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you.

[seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you]Five Laws concerning the Seventh Day1.  Have a holy convocation on the seventh day of the feast (Exo

12:16; Exo 32:5; Num 28:25).2.  Make the seventh day a feast to the Lord (Exo 13:6).3.  Gather no manna (Exo 16:29).4.  Rest (Exo 16:30; Exo 34:21).5.  It is a sabbath for Israel only - in the land and under the law

(Exo 20:10; Exo 31:15; Lev 23:3; Deu 5:15).

17] And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever.

[selfsame day] April 15th, the day after the passover.

[ordinance for ever] Israel will observe it in the Millennium and New Earth (Eze 43:7; Eze 44:5; Eze 45:17-25; Eze 46:14; Eze 48:35).

Unleavened Bread

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 20018] In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at

even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.

[In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even]

The passover and feast of unleavened bread began at the same time, the fifteenth day of Abib or Nisan - sometime after sundown on the fourteenth.

The passover lamb was killed and prepared before sundown on the fourteenth so that both observances could be carried out together, beginning on the fifteenth (Num 33:3).

Jesus Christ was crucified on the 14th of Nisan.

Gen 8:4; ark rested on the 7th month on the 17th day of the month.

In Exodus the 7th month becomes the first month, which means that the new world, the new beginning starts on the 17th of Nisan.

Noah’s ark came to rest on the anniversary of the resurrection in anticipation!

19] Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land.

20] Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread.

Ceremonially, leaven is a type of sin, it corrupts by puffing up, the root of all sin is pride.

Lucifier’s pride was the root of all sin. Isa 14 / Eze 28Leaven is a symbol of sin. The only one without sin was Jesus Christ.

In Matthew 13, Jesus revealed (Eph 3) the Church as that which was hidden in the Old Testament.

The parables in Matthew 13 refer to the Church.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 201The Sower, the Tares and the Wheat, the Mustard seed, and the fourth about the leaven; Jesus goes on to explain the first two parables.

Many explain the woman who hid leaven, as the leaven representing the church and how it spreads to fill the whole world.

This is nonsense because if so, the church has been 20 centuries of failure.

The Jewish disciples knew the meaning of three measures of meal to be fellowship offering (Abraham and the angels, a fellowship offering made when Abraham received his guests).

These offerings were suppose to be unleavened, so the woman hiding leaven in three measures of meal is a bad thing

(also noted in the letter to Thyatira with Jezebel, etc.).

In the seven feasts of Moses the first three prophetically represent Jesus’ First Coming,

the last three are His Second Coming, the middle one is the Feast of Pentecost.

The Feast of Pentecost prophetically signifies the Church,it is interesting that it is the only feast where leavened bread is ordained.

A prophetic view of how the Church would operate found back in the Torah.

“There must be also heresies among you” 1 Co 11:19.Moses Instructs Israel21] Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said

unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover.

[kill the passover] Kill the passover lamb.

22] And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 202It is not your ancestry, nor your position in the nation that means anything, it is the covering of the blood of the Passover lamb which will keep you from death unto life.

[hyssop] ’ezowb (H231), a bushy plant that was about eighteen inches high.

It was leafy, aromatic, pungent to taste, and used in several Jewish rituals (Lev 14:4-6, Lev 14:49-52; Num 19:6, Num 19:18; 1Ki 4:33; Psa 51:7; Joh 19:29; Heb 9:19).

Hyssop speaks of humiliation, of purging.

23] For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you.

[pass over] Pass over is used twice (Exo 12:13, Exo 12:23); pass through twice (Exo 12:12, Exo 12:23);

and passover 5 times in this chapter (Exo 12:11, Exo 12:21, Exo 12:27, Exo 12:43, Exo 12:48).

[destroyer] The destroyer was not God. God passed over Egypt and either directed the destroyer or told him not to touch the firstborn in any house with some lamb’s blood applied.

God is protecting, not smiting.God is directing the smiting, however,

It is a destroying angel that performs the act.

Where the blood is applied, God protects that house from that angel.

24] And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever.The Ten Passover ’s of Scripture 1.  The original passover (Exo 12:21-28)2.  The passover in the wilderness (Num 9:5)3.  The first passover in Canaan (Jos 5:10)4.  The passover under Hezekiah (2Ch 30:13-15)5.  The passover under Josiah (2Ki 23:21; 2Ch 35:1-27)6.  The passover under Zerubbabel (Ezr 6:19)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2037.  The passover that Jesus attended as a boy (Luk 2:41)8.  The first passover mentioned during Jesus’ ministry (Joh

2:13)9.  The second passover during Jesus’ ministry (Joh 6:4)10.  The last passover during Jesus’ ministry (Mat 26:17)

25] And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service.

26] And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service?

27] That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD’S passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped.

[the LORD’s passover] It is called the Lord’s passover by Moses only (Exo 12:11, Exo 12:27; Lev 23:5).

In the New Testament, it is the JEWS’ passover (Joh 2:13; Joh 6:4; Joh 11:55).

“Pasha” is the word for Passover in Hebrew.

When scholars tracked down the word, it turns out that it may be lacking some roots.

There is an Egyptian word meaning “Pesh” which comes closer to the root words, and it means “to spread the wings over.”

Isa 31:5 NKJV Like birds flying about, So will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem. Defending, He will also deliver it; Passing over, He will preserve it."

Luk 13:34 NKJV "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the one who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, but you were not willing! 35 NKJV See! Your house is left to you desolate; and assuredly, I say to you, you shall not see Me until the time comes when you say, 'BLESSED IS HE WHO COMES IN THE NAME OF

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 204THE LORD!' "

[And the people bowed the head and worshipped.] A different attitude from Exo 5:19-21 where they were bitter;

Here they believed, having witnessed the miracles at the hands of Moses and Aaron, and having been protected from the ten plagues.

Seemingly, they were ignored by their busy leaders during the plagues, but no doubt there was daily contact with them.

Now they were ready to obey Moses again (Exo 12:28).

28] And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

And it came to pass..29] And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all

the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.

[midnight] This was the night following the daytime of the fourteenth day of Abib (or Nisan).

The passover was eaten at this same time, and by daylight of the fifteenth Israel was leaving Egypt (Exo 12:22, Exo 12:29-51; Num 33:3).

30] And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead.

[in the night] This was after midnight when all the firstborn had been killed.

They urged the Israelites to go at once, and they were ready to do so.

There were no restrictions regarding who should go or what should be taken, as on other occasions (Exo 12:31-34).

[great cry in Egypt] No ancient people were more emotional in mourning than Egyptians.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 205They beat, whipped, and tore themselves, screaming in grief.

What an uproar there must have been when the whole nation mourned over the firstborns!

31] And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said.

They told the Israelites to get out and take all they owned, urging them to leave at once (Exo 12:31-33).

32] Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.

33] And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.

How spiritually true: dead men.

Gen 15:13-14. “Come out with great substance...”

34] And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.

It was customary to travel with the kneading troughs bound in clothing to keep them handy.

They were small wooden bowls used to mix flour and water or milk for bread cakes.

Some were made of leather and could be closed like a pocketbook.

Dough was often carried in them.

35] And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment:

[did according to the word of Moses] The second reference to Israel’s obedience to Moses at this time (Exo 12:28, Exo 12:35).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 20636] And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the

Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians.

[gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians] See note, Exo 11:3.

The Egyptians had now learned that Israel’s God was to be obeyed.

They had also learned to respect and fear Moses.

[lent unto them such things as they required] With the death of their firstborn, they were glad to do anything to get rid of Israel (Exo_11:8; Exo_12:33-36).

The Egyptians pressed the people to take what they needed.

The calamities of the plagues and the recent death of the firstborn made them willing to give what was asked.

The Exodus37] And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to

Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children.

[Rameses] Rameses, or Raamses (Exo 1:11), city of the sun, built by Israelite slave labor. “Ramses” - means child of the sin.

“Succoth” - booths or tents.

[six hundred thousand ... that were men, beside children]The Number of Israelites in the ExodusThere were 600,000 men of war without reckoning the priestly tribe of Levi.

There were also wives, children, older men and women, and a multitude of mixed peoples who were the descendants of the servants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

The Israelites inherited many servants (Gen 14:14-15; Gen 26:14-19, Gen 26:25, Gen 26:32; Gen 32:16).

These could greatly outnumber the Hebrews, as they did when the 70 souls of Jacob went to Egypt.

Abraham alone had 318 trained soldiers who, along with

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 207those of Isaac and Jacob, continued to multiply through the years as did the Israelites themselves.

Counting the descendants of servants with the Israelites, it is estimated that more than six million people made the exodus from Egypt:

1. Men of war (Exo 12:37) 600,0002. Wives of men of war 600,0003. Wives of others, men not engaged as soldiers,

and sisters 400,0004. Children of men of war (estimating 4 to a family 2,400,0005. Levites a month old and upward (Num 3:39) 22,3006. Wives of Levites 30 to 50 years old (Num 4:47-48) 8,5807. Wives of younger and older Levites, and sisters 2,0008. Children of Levites

(estimating 4 each to 8,580 families) 34,320Total Israelites 4,067,200

9. Mixed multitude (estimating half as many as Israelites) 2,033,600

Estimated grand total 6,100,800If they marched 400 columns abreast there would be a line nearly 8.7 miles long, allowing 3 feet (about the same as the spacing of the seats around the table) for each of the 15,252 rows (ranks).

Allowing 3 feet to a person this column would cut a path through the Red Sea about 1,200 feet (almost a quarter mile) wide (Exo 15:8).

It would several take hours to cross by the starting point. We don’t know for certain the length of the path through the sea itself.

And this assumes an ordered march – not a fleeing mass of humanity

38] And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.

See Exo 9:20; Num 11:4. Alone Isa 51:2; Gen 11:31. Josh 9; Neh 5:17; 2 Cor 6:17.None feeble: Ps 105:37.

39] And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 208because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any .

40] Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.

[sojourning of the children of Israel] The whole sojourn was from the seventy-fifth year of Abraham’s life when he entered Canaan to this day of the exodus.

It took place in Mesopotamia, Syria, Canaan, Philistia, and Egypt.

The sojourn in Egypt was only 215 years - half of the 430 of the whole period.

See The Sojourn of Abraham’s Seed; and Dispensation of Promise.

[four hundred and thirty years] This is the whole length of the Dispensation of Promise - from Abraham to the exodus

Gen 15:13 NKJV Then He said to Abram: "Know certainly that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, and will serve them, and they will afflict them four hundred years.

Gen 15:16 NKJV But in the fourth generation they shall return here, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete."

Act 7:6 NKJV But God spoke in this way: that his descendants would dwell in a foreign land, and that they would bring them into bondage and oppress them four hundred years.

Gal 3:17 NKJV And this I say, that the law, which was four hundred and thirty years later, cannot annul the covenant that was confirmed before by God in Christ, that it should make the promise of no effect.

The Sojourn of Abraham’s SeedThe actual sojourn of Abraham’s descendants in Egypt was only 215 years.

There were other countries which made up the land of sojourn

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 209(Gen_12:1-20; Gen_13:1-18; Gen_15:13-14; Gen_20:1-18; Gen_21:22-34; Gen_23:4; Gen_26:3-35; Gen_28:10; Gen_29:1; Gen_31:13-55; Gen_35:6; Gen_37:1; Gen_46:1-7; Gen_47:27; Gen_50:22-26 ; Exodus 1-12; Heb_11:8-10).

The 400 years of Gen_15:13 and Act_7:6 date back to the time when Isaac was weaned and confirmed as the heir, and Ishmael was cast out (Gen_21:12; Gal_4:30).

At that time Isaac was 5 years old.

Other scriptures speak of the period as 430 years (Exo_12:40; Gal_3:14-17), and that reckoning takes in the 5 years of Isaac’s life and 25 years prior to his birth — when Abraham went into Canaan to sojourn (see Gen_47:9, note).

How the 430 Years Were Reckoned Years1. From the 75th year of Abraham to the birth of Isaac

(Gen_12:4; Gen_21:5) 252. From Isaac’s birth to that of Jacob (Gen_25:26) 603. From Jacob’s birth to his death (Gen_47:28) 1474. From Jacob’s death to that of Joseph

(Gen_37:2; Gen_41:46; Gen_47:28; Gen_50:22) 545. From Joseph’s death to the exodus from Egypt

(Exo_12:40; Gal_3:14-17) 144TOTAL: 430

Dispensation of Promise: Genesis 12:1-Exodus 12:37The Present or Postdiluvian Age (Genesis 8:15-Rev. 19:10):

Called the Dispensation of Promise because of the promises and covenants made with Abraham and his seed.

God began predicting and emphasizing the coming of the seed of the woman through a particular branch of the race.

There had been a few predictions before (Gen_3:15; Gen_4:25; Gen_9:24-27), but now Abraham’s seed was designated as the special line through whom Christ should come.

In this age many promises and predictions were made to this end (Gen_12:1-3; Gen_17:7-8, Gen_17:19; Gen_18:18; Gen_21:12-

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 21013; Gen_22:17-18; Gen_26:3-4; Gen_28:3-4, Gen_28:13-15; Gen_35:11-12; Gen_49:10).

It lasted from Abraham’s call at 75 years of age to the exodus from Egypt — 430 years (Exo_12:40; Gal_3:14-17).

God began to deal with Abraham’s branch of the race in the fulfillment of His plan.

Not only did He promise that the Messiah should come through them, but

That the promised land would be given to them eternally as a base for world missionary and governmental operations (Gen_12:1-3, Gen_12:7; Gen_13:14-18; Gen_15:18-21; Gen_17:7-19), and

That the revelation of God should come through them (Gen_12:1-3; Gen_15:13-21; Gen_17:1-21; Rom_3:1-2; Rom_4:1-25; Rom_9:4-5; Gal_3:8; Heb_11:8-19).

Israel was required by God to remain separate from all other nations and evangelize the world (Gen_12:1-3; Gen_15:4-6; Gen_17:1-21; Gen_26:3-4; Gen_28:13-15).

God’s purpose was to choose one man through whom the Messiah should come, to use him and his seed as His representatives on the earth, and to give them Canaan as a base of operation eternally.

The second episode of the sons of God among human beings had already begun and giants were being born.

They were beginning to possess the very land God had in mind for His own headquarters on earth (Gen_12:6).

It was His plan to use Israel to destroy these giants and preserve a pure line for the Messiah so God allowed Abraham’s offspring to become a great and mighty nation in Egypt.

It was His further purpose to illustrate the difference between serving Him and other gods, and to make Israel an example to all people physically, mentally, morally, spiritually, and financially — as a nation enjoying the blessings of the true God — so that others would be won to Him.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 211Never was God’s purpose expressed more fully and clearly to any people; and never before did a nation have in their power such means of blessing all nations and bringing a universal peace, prosperity, and eternal salvation (Gen_12:1-3; Gen_15:4-6; Gen_17:1-21; Gen_26:3-4; Gen_28:13-15; Gal_3:8-14; Deu_7:6-9).

The means of God used in accomplishing His purpose was His call, the covenants and promises, and the personal dealings of God (Gen_12:1-3; Gen_17:1-21; Rom_3:1-2; Rom_9:4-5).

Fivefold Failures of the people God called (Gen 12:1–Exo 12:40):(1)  Failure of Abraham (Gen 11:31-12:6; Gen_12:10-20;

Gen_16:1-16; Gen_17:18; Gen_20:1-18)(2)  Failure of Isaac (Gen_26:6-35; Gen_27:1-4)(3)  Failure of Jacob (Gen_25:27-34; Gen_27:1-33;

Gen_31:1-42; Gen_33:14; Gen_37:3)(4)  Failure of the sons of Jacob (Gen_37:4-6; Gen_38:1-30)(5)  Failure of Israel after the death of Jacob and sons

(Exo_2:11-14; Exo_5:21)

God’s judgment for their sin (Exodus 1:7-6:30) was bondage in Egypt:

It was the beginning of oppression by Gentiles which would eventually be carried on by eight world kingdoms.

The judgment upon Egypt was the ten plagues.

God provided for their redemption. Israel had the gospel (Gal_3:8; Heb_4:2) and the typical program of sacrifices which, in shadow, taught them of redemption through the Messiah (Exo_12:1-51; Exo 25:1-40:38; Lev 1:1-10:20; Lev_23:1-44).

41] And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.

[the selfsame day it came to pass] This indicates that Abraham began his sojourn on the fifteenth day of Nisan or April exactly 430 years before the exodus (Gen 12:6; Num 33:3; Gal 3:17).

42] It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 212of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations.

The firstborn were killed at midnight. Then Israel was thrust out of Egypt.

They left early in the morning of the fifteenth of Nisan (Exo 12:29-37; Num 33:3).

43] And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:

“Foreigner” – “Stranger” one who is uncircumcised.

Twenty-six Laws - Passover and Unleavened Bread 1. On the tenth day of Nisan, the first month, take a lamb and

keep it up until the fourteenth day (Exo 12:3-6).2. If one household is too small for a lamb, let two families share it

so that there will be no waste (Exo 12:4).3. The lamb shall have no blemish (Exo 12:5).4. It shall be a male of the first year (Exo 12:5).5. Kill the lamb in the evening of the fourteenth day of Nisan (Exo

12:6)6. Sprinkle the blood on doorposts and lintels of the door (Exo

12:7, Exo 12:22-23).7. Roast the whole lamb; eat with unleavened bread and bitter

herbs (Exo 12:8-9)8. Do not eat it raw or boiled (Exo 12:9).9. Eat all of it; if any remains until morning burn it with fire (Exo

12:10).10. Eat in haste with loins girded and shoes on ready to travel

(Exo 12:11).11. Eat in the night (Exo 12:8, Exo 12:10, Exo 12:18).12. The ordinance shall be a memorial forever (Exo 12:14, Exo

12:17, Exo 12:24; Eze 45:17).13. Remove leaven from your houses; eat unleavened bread only

(Exo 12:15, Exo 12:19-20; Exo 13:3-7).14. Begin the feast of unleavened bread at the time of the

passover (Exo 12:15-20).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 21315. Eat unleavened bread seven days (Exo 12:15).16. The first and seventh days shall be holy convocations with no

work (Exo 12:16).17. Have no leaven whatsoever in your houses for the entire

seven days (Exo 12:18-19).18. No stranger shall eat the passover (Exo 12:43).19. No uncircumcised male shall eat of it (Exo 12:44-48).20. No foreigner or hired servant shall eat of it (Exo 12:45).21. It shall not be sent to others outside the house, but shall be

eaten inside only (Exo 12:46).22. Break no bone of the passover lamb (Exo 12:46; cp. Joh

19:33, Joh 19:36).23. All the congregation of Israel shall keep the passover (Exo

12:47).24. It is to be kept this month - Abib or Nisan (Exo 13:5) - and

yearly (Num 9:2-6).25. People defiled at the passover time could eat it one month

later (Num 9:2-14).26. Sacrificial lambs were to be killed only at the tabernacle (Deu

16:5-6).

44] But every man’s servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof.

45] A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.46] In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth

ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.

Ps 34:20, prophesied to apply to the Messiah.

John 19:33, the Romans were instructed to break the bones. Instead of breaking Jesus’ legs they pierced His side, fulfilling Zech 12:10.

47] All the congregation of Israel shall keep it.48] And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will

keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 214he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.

49] One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.

[One law shall be to him that is homeborn] The law of Moses was only for Israelites (Deu 4:6-8, Deu 4:44-45; Rom 2:12-16; Rom 3:1-2), but any Gentiles who wished to do so could become one with Israel if their males were circumcised and they obeyed the whole law as if they were Israelites (Num 15:16).

[law] towrah (H8451), "to aim at; teach; point out; direct; lead; guide; make straight."

50] Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

51] And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

[the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt] The fifteenth of Nisan (Exo 12:41, Exo 12:51; Num 33:3).

[armies] The Israelites were well organized in spite of slavery. They were all identified by their tribe.

Each tribe was organized so that each individual knew his place and duty.

As a result the entire multitude could and was ready to leave on short notice.

Passover is regarded as the birth of the nation. They were born as a nation coming out of Egypt.

The Passover was observed the second year out of Egypt, but then there was an intermission and it was not observed until they entered the promised land under Joshua.

It was observed by Solomon (2 Chr 8); Hezekiah (2 Chr 30); Josiah (2 Kgs 23); Ezra (Ezra 6).

In the Scripture we see seven recorded times that the Passover was observed.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 215Ezekiel 9 - a mark,

God marked Cain to insure no one took revenge on him for killing Abel.

In Egypt God had Israel place a mark of blood which protected them from the destroyer.

In Rev 7 and Rev 14, there is a special group from the 12 tribes of Israel, marked, or set apart, a Passover mark.

Passover MealThe Passover meal. “Hagadah” - is the showing forth.

In the Passover meal, there are four cups: the bringing forth, the deliverance, the redemption and the taking out.

Jesus Christ at the Lord’s supper, took the third cup, the cup of redemption and blessed it.

That is the cup He used. They never finished the meal so they never got to the fourth cup, the taking out, or the cup of vengeance (Jer 25:15; 51:7; Ps 75:8; 11:6).

Compare Isa 61:1-2 with the way Jesus quotes it in Lk 4 / Mt 4.

Jesus stops at a comma, he leaves off the phrase “the day of vengence of our God.”

That comma has lasted almost 2000 years.

The cups first get introduced when Joseph is interpreting the dreams of the baker and the wine steward.

Joseph was a ‘type’ of Christ and the bread and wine idea is introduced even back there and earlier with Abraham and Melchizedek Gen 14:18

The Mishna mentions something about the wine in Passover, and it is fascinating as there is no explanation for it.

There is a tradition in the Mishna that the Passover wine is to be prepared a certain way, it is to be mixed with warm water.

From a New Testament perspective, we see the reference to Christ on the cross.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 216The first cup, Luke 22:7, and they wash their hands and

feet. Then the second cup and the breaking of the bread, the

incident of Judas. The third cup is the blessing and then they go out.The fourth cup is yet to be addressed.

There is a whole study in terms of the lamb.

Jesus Christ is referred to as the Lamb of God 28 times in the book of Revelation.

Passover was the thing that changed the entire Israeli calendar as we saw in Exodus 12.

The Other FeastsWe have touched upon Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which were fulfilled on their day.

The Feast of Firstfruits came next which was fulfilled by the resurrection.

The last three feasts (in a short summary) occur in the month of Tishri.

The first is the first two days of Tishri, called Rosh Hashannah, in the civil sense, in the ecclesiastical sense is called the Feast of Trumpets.

Then, 10 days later, is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.

Five days after that is the Feast of Tabernacles.

The first three feasts speak of His first coming, The last three of His Second Coming. The Feast of Pentecost in between speaks of the Church.

Each of these feasts tend to be fulfilled literally on the day that they are observed.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 217

Exodus 13Firstborn Set Apart - must be redeemed from the Lord1] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,2] Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the

womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine.

Here Sanctify is the setting apart of the firstborn of both man and beast for holy uses (Exo 13:12).

Beasts, who are not involved with sin, redemption, or salvation can be sanctified to God in this sense, as well as man.

The Doctrine of SanctificationHebrew: qadash (H6942), to set apart from a profane to a

sacred purpose (Exo 13:12).

Greek: hagiasmos (G38), consecration; a separation unto God FROM a profane, secular, and carnal use TO a sacred, religious, and spiritual use.

"sanctify" and "sanctified" are used 132 times; "sanctification" 5 times (New Testament only); "sanctifieth" 4 times (New Testament only)

141 times total in Scripture: 110 times in the Old Testament 31 times in the New Testament

A study of the various passages shows that to sanctify means to set apart from other uses to God’s particular use,

It has no reference to cleansing from sin or removal of the carnal nature (sometimes called "the old man" or Adamic nature).

Even Jesus the Christ, the Sinless One, was sanctified (Joh_10:36; Joh_17:19).

Where humans are concerned one begins to be sanctified when God choses them for a specific purpose of is own and the person begins to consecrate his life to God.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 218The process is continued as he continues in his dedication (1Co_1:30; 1Co_6:11; 2Th_2:13; 1Jn_1:7-9; 1Jn_3:8-10; 1Jn_5:1-4, 1Jn_5:18).

God has sanctified both people and material things, and even immaterial things.

1.  Material things have been sanctified without taking an old man out of them:(1)  Bread (1Sa_21:5)(2)  The tabernacle and its furniture (Exo 29:43-30:29;

Lev_8:10-15)(3)  Priests’ garments (Lev_8:30)(4)  Houses and lands (Lev_27:9-29)(5)  Meat (1Ti_4:3-5)(6)  Solomon’s temple and furniture (2Ch_7:16-20;

2Ch_29:17-19)(7)  Gates (Neh_3:1)(8)  Mt. Sinai (Exo_19:23)(9)  The offerings (Exo_29:27)(10)  Herod’s temple (Mat_23:17)

2.  Holy persons have been sanctified who never had an old man in them:(1)  God the Father (Lev_10:3; Num_20:13; Isa_5:16;

Eze_20:41; Eze_28:22-25; Eze_36:23; Eze_38:16; Eze_39:27; 1Pe_3:15)

(2)  Christ (Joh_10:36; Joh_17:17-19)3.  God’s name has been repeatedly sanctified without taking an

old man out of it (Isa_29:23; Eze_36:23).4.  Babies have been sanctified from birth before committing sin

(Jer_1:5; Luk_1:15-17; Gal_1:15) and one never did have an old man in Him (Luk_1:35; Joh_10:36).

5.  Heathen soldiers and husbands have been sanctified who never were Christians (Isa_13:3, Isa_13:17; 1Co_7:14).

6.  Believers sanctify God and never take an old man out of Him (1Pe_3:15).

7.  Christ sanctified Himself though He never had an old man in Him (Joh_17:19).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2198.  The same people were sanctified many times so sanctification

cannot be limited to one act (Exo_19:14, Exo_19:22; Exo_28:41; Exo_29:33, Exo_29:44; Exo_30:29; Lev_8:30).

9.  People have sanctified themselves (Lev_11:44; Lev_20:7). Did they take an old man out of themselves?

10.  The same people that sanctified themselves (Lev_11:44; Lev_20:7) were also sanctified by Moses (Exo_19:10-14) and by God (Exo_29:43-44; Exo_31:13; Lev_20:8; Lev_21:8, Lev_21:15, Lev_21:23; Lev_22:9, Lev_22:16).

Which ones took the old man out?11.  All the firstborn of Israel were sanctified at birth (Exo_13:2;

Num_8:17). If the old man was taken out at this time, then none of them had an old man after that.

12.  Sanctified disciples (Joh_13:10; Joh_15:3) were further sanctified in the same sense that the sanctified Christ (Joh_10:36) further sanctified Himself (Joh_17:17-19).

13.  The seventh day was sanctified without sin and cleaning being involved (Gen_2:3-4)

If sin and filth are involved in a person or a material thing to be set apart unto God, then it must be dealt with to make it presentable to God.

Seven Personal Agents Used in Sanctifying:1.  God (Gen_2:3; Lev_21:15, Lev_21:23; Lev_22:9;

Joh_10:36; 1Th_5:23; Jud_1:1)2.  Jesus Christ (1Co_1:30; Eph_5:26; Heb_2:11; Heb_10:10,

Heb_10:14; Heb_13:12)3.  Holy Spirit (Rom_15:16; 1Co_6:11; 2Th_2:13; 1Pe_1:2)4.  Moses (Exo_19:10, Exo_19:14; Exo_40:13; Lev_8:10-15,

Lev_8:30; Lev_21:8; Num_7:1)5.  Joshua (Jos_7:13)6.  Priests (1Ch_15:14; 2Ch_30:24; Exo_19:22)7.  Laymen (Lev_11:44; Lev_20:7). Cp. Mat_23:17, Mat_23:19;

Heb_9:13)

Man is the agent in sanctification 85 times; God 23 times; Christ 10 times; and

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 220the Holy Spirit 4 times.

Man and God work together in the setting apart process.

Man has as much to do with sanctification as God, for he is the one who decides to sanctify himself to God.

Men are spoken of as being sanctified 75 times; Material things are said to be sanctified 40 times; and God is referred to as being sanctified 14 times

(Lev_10:3; Num_20:12-13; Num_27:14; Isa_5:16; Isa_8:13; Isa_29:23; Eze_20:41; Eze_28:22, Eze_28:25; Eze_36:23; Eze_38:16; Eze_39:27).

Fifteen Commands to Sanctify : 1.  Let priests sanctify themselves (Exo_19:22; 1Ch_15:14;

2Ch_29:15, 2Ch_29:34; 2Ch_30:3, 2Ch_30:5, 2Ch_30:15, 2Ch_30:24; 2Ch_31:18).

2.  Sanctify them (Exo_19:10; Exo_28:41; Exo_29:33; Exo_30:29; Lev_8:11; Lev_21:23).

3.  Sanctify him (Lev_8:12; Lev_21:8, Lev_21:15).4.  Sanctify yourselves (Lev_11:44; Lev_20:7; Num_11:18;

Jos_3:5; 1Sa_16:5; 1Ch_15:12; 2Ch_29:5).5.  Sanctify the people (Exo_19:14; Jos_7:13).6.  Sanctify Aaron and his garments (Lev_8:30).7.  Sanctify unto Me all the firstborn (Exo_13:2).8.  Sanctify it (mountain, Exo_19:23).9.  Sanctify the breast (of wave offering, Exo_29:27).10.  Sanctify the altar (Exo_29:36-37; Exo_40:10).11.  Sanctify the Lord of Hosts (Isa_8:13).12.  Sanctify the Holy One of Jacob (Isa_29:23).13.  Sanctify a fast (Joe_1:14; Joe_2:15).14.  Sanctify the congregation (Joe_2:18).15.  Sanctify the Lord God in your hearts (1Pe_3:15).

Not only are there commands for people to sanctify God, but complaints because they did not do so (Deu_32:51; Num_27:14).

Thirty Proofs When Sanctification Begins:It began in God’s plan before Adam (Eph_1:4) but in experience it begins:1.  When one gets salvation through sanctification (2Th_2:13;

Rom_1:16)2.  When he receives Christ (2Co_1:1-24 :30)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2213.  When born again (1Jn_2:29; 1Jn_3:7-10; 1Jn_4:7, 1Jn_4:17;

1Jn_5:1-5, 1Jn_5:18; 1Pe_1:15-23)4.  When one becomes God’s elect through sanctification

(1Pe_1:2-4; Eph_1:4)5.  When made righteous (1Co_1:30; 1Jn_1:1-10 :29; 1Jn_3:7-

10; 1Jn_5:1-5, 1Jn_5:18)6.  When created in holiness (Eph_4:24)7.  When the old man (Satan, note, 2Co_5:17) is put off

(Rom_6:1-23; Eph_4:22-24; Col_3:8-10; 2Co_5:17-18)8.  When one becomes dead to sin (Rom_6:1-23)9.  When baptized into Christ by the Spirit (Rom_6:1-23;

Rom_8:12-13; 1Jn_3:7-10; 1Jn_5:1-5, 1Jn_5:18)10.  When one ceases to live in sin (Rom_6:1-23; Rom_8:12-13;

1Jn_3:7-10; 1Jn_5:1-5, 1Jn_5:18)11.  When he turns from Satan to God at forgiveness of sins

(Act_26:18)12.  When accepted by God (Rom_15:16)13.  When one gets into Christ and is made a new creature

(2Co_5:17-18)14.  When on becomes Christ’s and crucifies the flesh (Gal_5:24;

Eph_4:24)15.  When washed from sin and justified (1Co_6:11; Eph_5:25-

26; Rev_1:5)16.  When he becomes one with Christ (Heb_2:11; 2Co_5:17-19;

Rom_8:1-13)17.  When he accepts Christ as the offering for sin (Heb_10:4-14;

1Co_1:30)18.  When one is cleansed by the blood of Christ (Heb_10:29;

1Jn_1:7-9)19.  When saved to the uttermost and from Satan (Heb_7:25;

1Jn_3:8-10; 1Jn_5:18)20.  When redeemed (Luk_1:68-77; 1Co_1:30; Heb_9:12-15;

1Pe_1:18-23)21.  When one believes truth (1Th_2:13)22.  When saved from fornication (1Th_4:3-4; Gal_5:24;

1Co_6:9-11)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 22223.  When one becomes the temple of God (1Co_3:16-17;

1Co_6:19-20; Rom_8:9)24.  When reconciled to God (2Co_5:17-21; Col_1:20-23;

Rom_5:1-11)25.  When one is saved and purified by faith (Act_11:14-18;

Act_15:7-11)26.  When brought to obedience to God (1Pe_1:2; Rom_6:16-23;

Rom_8:12-13)27.  When one is made ready for resurrection to see God

(Heb_12:14; Rev_20:4-6)28.  When grace brings salvation and the Spirit renews (Tit_2:11-

13; Tit_3:5)29.  When converted and all sins are blotted out (Act_3:19-21;

Act_26:18)30.  When purged of all sin (Heb_1:3; Heb_10:1-18;

2Pe_1:4 :10).

This above points have to do with instantaneous sanctification. There is also progressive sanctification and complete sanctification.

Proof of Progressive Sanctification:1.  Statements of Jesus (Luk_9:23; Joh_8:31; Joh_14:26;

Joh_15:3; Joh_16:13-16)2.  Statements of Luke (Act_13:43; Act_14:22; Act_15:41;

Act_16:5; Act_18:26)3.  Statements of Paul (Rom_1:11, Rom_1:17; Rom_2:7;

Rom_4:12; Rom_6:3-22; Rom_7:4-6; Rom_8:1-13; Rom_11:20-22; Rom_12:1-21; Rom_14:19; 1Co_1:7-10; 1Co_11:31-34; 1Co_15:58; 1Co_16:13; 2Co_3:18; 2Co_5:9; 2Co_7:1; 2Co_10:4-6; 2Co_13:11; Gal_5:1, Gal_5:13, Gal_5:16-26; Eph_3:16-21; Eph_4:1-32; Eph_5:1-18; Eph_6:1-18; Php_1:6, Php_1:9, Php_1:25-27; Php_2:12-15; Php_3:7-15; Php_4:8-9; Col_1:9-29; Col_2:3-9; Col_3:1-17; Col_4:12; 1Th_2:2-13; 1Th_3:1-12; 1Th_5:11-23; 2Th_1:3-5; 2Th_2:13-17; 2Th_3:3; 1Ti_1:18; 1Ti_4:12-16; 1Ti_5:21-22; 1Ti_6:12-14; 2Ti_1:13-14; 2Ti_2:4, 2Ti_2:19-26; Tit_2:7-14; Heb_3:6, Heb_3:12-14; Heb_4:11; Heb_5:11-14; Heb_6:1-2, Heb_6:11-12; Heb_10:23-39; Heb_12:12; Heb_13:20-21)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2234.  Statements of James (Jas_1:3-4, Jas_1:12, Jas_1:22-27;

Jas_2:14-26; Jas_3:2; Jas_4:4-10; Jas_5:1-12)5.  Statements of Peter (1Pe_1:5-16; 1Pe_2:1-12; 1Pe_3:8-12;

1Pe_4:1-19; 1Pe_5:1-10; 2Pe_1:4-10; 2Pe_3:14-18)6.  Statements of John (1Jn_1:6-9; 1Jn_2:1-6, 1Jn_2:24-29;

1Jn_3:1-10; 1Jn_5:1-18; 2Jn_1:1, 2Jn_1:6, 2Jn_1:8; 3Jn_1:4, 3Jn_1:11)

7.  Statements of Jude (Jud_1:3, Jud_1:20-24)

Proof of Complete Sanctification:1.  Statements of Jesus (Mat_10:22; Mat_19:27-29; Mat_25:46;

Mar_10:29-30; Luk_21:36; Joh_4:36; Joh_6:27; Joh_12:25; Joh_14:1-3)

2.  Statements of Paul (Act_26:18; Rom_2:7-10; Rom_5:21; Rom_6:22-23; Rom_8:17-18, Rom_8:23-25; Rom_13:11; 1Co_1:7-8; 1Co_15:1-6, 1Co_15:23, 1Co_15:51-58; 2Co_4:16-18; 2Co_5:9; Gal_6:7-8; Eph_1:4, Eph_1:13-14; Eph_4:13-16; Eph_5:26-27; Php_1:6; Php_3:7-14, Php_3:20-21; Col_3:4; 1Th_1:10; 1Th_2:19; 1Th_3:13; 1Th_4:13-18; 1Th_5:23; Heb_3:6, Heb_3:12-14; Heb_6:1-12, Heb_6:18-19; Heb_10:23, Heb_10:35-39)

3.  Statements of others (Jas_5:7; 1Pe_1:3-13; 1Pe_4:13; 1Pe_5:10; 2Pe_3:14; Joh_3:1-3; Jud_1:24)

PUTTING OFF THE OLD MAN2Co 5:16 NKJV Therefore, from now on, we regard no one

according to the flesh. Even though we have known Christ according to the flesh, yet now we know Him thus no longer. 17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new. 18 Now all things are of God, who has reconciled us to Himself through Jesus Christ, and has given us the ministry of reconciliation, 19 that is, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not imputing their trespasses to them, and has committed to us the word of reconciliation. 20 Now then, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were pleading through us: we implore you on Christ's behalf, be reconciled to God. 21 For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 224Given that we do not know any man after the flesh, not even Christ, it is vain for any man to profess relationship with Christ according to the flesh, while he is unchanged in heart and life and dead in trespasses and sins.

Knowing Christ according to the flesh means a man can know about Christ but really not know Him personally and intimately

But, [if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature]

Ten Personal Gospel Blessings1.  It brings one into Christ (2Co_5:17). 2.  One is a new creature (2Co_5:17).3.  Old things are passed away (2Co_5:17).

The Greek word for "old" is archaios (G744), ancient, original, old. Such things are no more in one.

4.  All things are new (2Co_5:17). The life is just the opposite of the old life.

5.  All things are of God (2Co_5:18). The true Christian does not permit anything in his life which is ungodly and unChristlike (Rom_6:14-23; Rom_8:1-13; Gal_5:16-26).

6.  One is reconciled to God (2Co_5:18; Rom_5:10; Eph_2:14-18; Col_1:20-21).

7.  He has part in the ministry of reconciliation (2Co_5:18-20; 2Co_1:18-24).

8.  He has been trusted with the Word of reconciliation (2Co_5:19; Mar_16:15-20).

9.  He is an ambassador of God in Christ’s stead (2Co_5:20; Pro_13:17).

10.  He is the righteousness of God in Christ (2Co_5:21; Rom_3:21-31; Rom_8:4).

[old things are passed away]

Two Old Things that Pass Away1.  The spirit, nature, and power of sin the old man, which is

nothing more nor less than the spirit, nature, and power of the devil working in men of disobedience (Joh_8:44; Eph_2:2; 2Co_4:4; 1Jn_3:8; 1Jn_5:18). This is what the Bible calls:(1)  The old man (Rom_6:6; Eph_4:22; Col_3:9)(2)  Sin (Joh_1:29; Joh_8:34; Rom 6:4-8:2)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 225(3)  The body of sin (Rom_6:6)(4)  The power of Satan (Act_26:18)(5)  The body of this death (Rom_7:24)(6)  The lusts of the flesh (Eph_2:3)(7)  The lust of the eyes (1Jn_2:15-17)(8)  The pride of life (1Jn_2:15-17)(9)  The works of the flesh (Gal_5:19)(10)  The world (1Jn_2:15-17; Jas_4:4)(11)  Vile affections (Rom_1:26, Rom_1:29)(12)  The lusts of the mind (Eph_2:3)(13)  The lusts of sin (Rom_6:11-12)(14)  The motions of sins (Rom_7:5)(15)  The law of sin and death (Rom 7:7-8:2)(16)  The carnal mind (Rom_8:1-13)(17)  The god of this world (2Co_4:4)(18)  Spiritual wickedness in high places ... rulers of darkness

(Eph_6:12)(19)  The lusts of your father (Joh_8:44)(20)  Sin that dwelleth in me (Rom_7:17)(21)  The course of this world (Eph_2:2)(22)  The body of the sins of the flesh (Col_2:11; Gal_5:24;

Rom_8:1-39)2. Outward sin or transgression of the law (1Jn_3:4; Rom_4:15;

Jas_1:13-15). The outward acts are listed in Mar_7:19-21; Rom_1:18-32; 2Co_6:9-11; Gal_5:19-21; Col_3:5-10)

Both outward and inward sin must pass away or one cannot claim to be in Christ.

The theory that only outward transgressions are forgiven and one is still under control of the old man (the devil) is one of the most erroneous doctrines in Christendom (2Co_5:17-18; Eph_4:24; 1Jn_5:18; Rom_6:6-23; Rom_8:1-13; 1Th_4:3; 2Th_2:13)

3] And Moses said unto the people, Remember this day, in which ye came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the LORD brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened bread be eaten.

[Remember this day, in which ye came out from Egypt, out of

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 226the house of bondage.] To help them remember the day of the exodus - when they came out of Egypt - God commanded Israel to set apart the seventh day to commemorate their deliverance from bondage - the work and toil of slavery.

Deu 5:15 And remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out from there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the LORD your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.

Exo 16:22-23 NKJV And so it was, on the sixth day, that they gathered twice as much bread, two omers for each one. And all the rulers of the congregation came and told Moses. 23 Then he said to them, "This is what the LORD has said: 'Tomorrow is a Sabbath rest, a holy Sabbath to the LORD. Bake what you will bake today, and boil what you will boil; and lay up for yourselves all that remains, to be kept until morning.'

4] This day came ye out in the month Abib.“Abib” - alternative word for Nisan (both stand for same 1st month

of the ecclesiastical year).

This was the regular weekly sabbath as well as a special sabbath (Exo 12:16; Num 33:3).

Again emphasizing that the first sabbath was a day of travel from Egypt, and that necessary and good things can and should be done on any sabbath (Mar 3:1-4).

5] And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a land flowing with milk and honey, that thou shalt keep this service in this month.

The Feast of Unleavened Bread6] Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, and in the

seventh day shall be a feast to the LORD.Also detailed in Lev 23. Unleavend Bread speaks of Christ’s body.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2277] Unleavened bread shall be eaten seven days; and there

shall no leavened bread be seen with thee, neither shall there be leaven seen with thee in all thy quarters.

8] And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the LORD did unto me when I came forth out of Egypt.

9] And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD’S law may be in thy mouth: for with a strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out of Egypt.

[memorial between thine eyes] “Phylacteries” - the Jewish tradition of binding the Torah to eyes and hands (Ex 13:9, 16; Deut 6:8; 11:18).

Jews phylacteries for the foreheads and arms with scriptures in them were worn by men only.

They are a small square box containing a parchment or skin (about 1 1/2 x 18 inches) on which were written Exo_13:1-10; Deu_6:4-9; Deu_11:13-21.

These were to keep certain truths in memory, and gain respect from the heathen.

This sign of adherence is going to be imitated by the Coming World Leader (in contrast to this tradition of the Lord’s)!

Common people wore phylacteries only during prayers, but they were worn continually by the Pharisees who sought to enlarge the boxes so as to attract attention.

Jesus did not condemn nor did He commend the wearing of phylacteries but He condemned the show made of them in public - They became badges of vanity and hypocrisy and amulets to drive away evil spirits.

10] Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance in his season from year to year.

11] And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, as he sware unto thee and to thy fathers, and shall give it thee,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 22812] That thou shalt set apart unto the LORD all that openeth

the matrix, and every firstling that cometh of a beast which thou hast; the males shall be the LORD’S.

[set apart] This is God’s definition of sanctify (Exo 13:2).

H5674 עבר ‛abar to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress

To reserve; set aside

All firstborn males of both man and beast (clean beasts, Num 18:8, Num 18:15) were sanctified to God (Exo 13:12-13; Deu 15:19).

Israel does not observe this until they get to the promised land.

13] And every firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb; and if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break his neck: and all the firstborn of man among thy children shalt thou redeem.

[redeem] Hebrew: padah (H6299), "to sever; ransom; release by paying a price."

It involves exchanging things of token value, not necessarily equal value.

Not ga’al (H1350) as in Exo 6:6.

Padah (H6299) is used in Exo 13:15; Exo 34:20; Lev 27:27; Num 18:15-17.

The firstborn of asses and unclean beasts were redeemed by a lamb, and then the owner could use them as his own.

Otherwise, their necks were to be broken (Exo 13:13).

The Lamb is a type of Christ.The “ass” is a type of “Unclean” animal - cf. “natural man”

Job 11:12 For an empty-headed man will be wise, When a wild donkey's colt is born a man.

Ishmael in contrast to Isaac was born of the flesh, a type of natural man, described as a “wild ass”: Gen 16:12; Gal 4:30.

In Gen 22:3, the ass was saddled, was not among them going up the hill (Gen 22:5)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 229In Gen 49:10, he is always seen as a beast of burden. In Deut 22:10, he is shut out of service, in a priestly sense. In 1 Sam 9:3, he was symbolic for those that were lost. (Jer 22:19).

The ass in a typological or mystical sense speaks of the natural man.

Jesus rode into Jerusalem on the foal of an ass during His “Triumphal Entry”, when He openly accepted the people worship and declaration of Him as Messiah

Mat 21:5 "Tell the daughter of Zion, Behold, your King comes to you, meek, and sitting on an ass, even a colt the foal of an ass.

Zec 9:9 Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem; behold, your King comes to you. He is righteous and victorious, meek and riding on an ass, even on a colt, the son of an ass.

14] And it shall be when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What is this? that thou shalt say unto him, By strength of hand the LORD brought us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage:

15] And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem.

16] And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets between thine eyes: for by strength of hand the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt.

[token] the PhylacteriesH226 אות 'oth sign, a distinguishing mark. reminder,

token,

Redemption of the FirstbornThe Egyptian firstborn (man and beast) was destroyed while Israel’s wasn’t.

To commemorate this miracle and give thanks to God,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 230firstborn males were given.

Every firstborn was to be set aside or sacrificed;There was a procedure by which you could redeem your firstborn

You went to the Temple and bought it back with silver. Silver is Levitically symbolic of blood.

The Tabernacle rested on silver, with every detail being symbolic of Christ.

According to Num 3:12-13, Num 3:42-51, non-Levite males were exchanged a fee for which supported the Levites, who were the ministering tribe.

Non-Levites were thus exempted from ministerial service by paying a redemption fee which went to support the Levites.

Firstborn males of clean animals went to the Levites; the unclean were either exchanged for lambs (also for the Levites) or killed.

This redemption does not typify redemption of the soul, for no blood was involved (as required by Lev 17:11).

It related only to services.

Journey Not Through Philistines17] And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people

go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt:

[led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines] God took them the long way, instead of through Philistine country.

He knew Pharaoh would try to recapture them, and the Philistines might even help.

With a war so soon, Israel might want to return to Egypt.

Long slavery had weakened their will to resist (which may explain why they sinned in the wilderness).

God helped them avoid a military campaign by taking them through the wilderness of Sinai and Red Sea to enter the Midian peninsula going south, then east across the Red Sea before going

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 231north to pass east of the Philistines.

The actual place of passage through the Red Sea is supposed to have been twelve miles wide from Egypt’s border to the wilderness of Shur (Exo 15:22).

The valley where Israel camped terminated at the sea; the mountains cut off escape north and south.

Thinking that the Israelites were trapped (Exo 14:3), Pharaoh entered the valley from the rear and cut them off from any (seemingly) possible way of escape.

Sea to the east, mountains to the north and south, Pharaoh and his army to the west, behind Israel.

Ps 37:23; Rom 8:14; Ps 109:105; Eph 21:10.

18] But God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea: and the children of Israel went up harnessed out of the land of Egypt.

[harnessed] chamush (H2571), "armed."

It is translated "armed" in Jos 1:14; Jos 4:12; Jdg 7:11.

Nothing is said about the Israelites being disarmed by the Egyptians.

They probably helped protect Egypt from invading nomads since they lived in a frontier district. So they were no doubt well equipped and may have increased Pharaoh’s fear they would rebel and overthrow him and the Egyptians.

The same word can mean in columns of 5.

Israel went out of Egypt in orderly companies (Exo 12:51).

19] And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him: for he had straitly sworn the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you; and ye shall carry up my bones away hence with you.

The bones of Joseph were taken with Israel, fulfilling Exo 13:19; Gen 50:25.

See Jos 24:32; Act 7:15-16. This last passage even

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 232suggests that the bodies of the fathers were also taken from Egypt.

Jos 24:33 says Joseph was reburied at Shechem.

20] And they took their journey from Succoth, and encamped in Etham, in the edge of the wilderness.

“Succoth” means “tent or booth,” it implies a temporary dwelling.

Pillar of Cloud and Fire21] And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a

cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night:

[in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light] The visible Presence led the way day and night from Egypt to Canaan.

It was the manifestation and dwelling place of the angel of God (Exo 14:19; Exo 32:34).

Num 14:14 NKJV and they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. They have heard that You, LORD, are among these people; that You, LORD, are seen face to face and Your cloud stands above them, and You go before them in a pillar of cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night.

Neh 9:12 NKJV Moreover You led them by day with a cloudy pillar, And by night with a pillar of fire, To give them light on the road Which they should travel.

The cloud by day very likely protected Israel from the scorching sun, and the fire by night illuminated the camp and likely provided heat and warmth (Psa 105:39; Num 9:16-18).

Isa 4:5 then the LORD will create above every dwelling place of Mount Zion, and above her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day and the shining of a flaming fire by night. For over all the glory there will be a covering.

Isa 4:5 refers to the Millennium.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 23322] He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the

pillar of fire by night, from before the people.Another name for the pillar of fire: “Shekinah Glory.”

We see the Lamb as Christ, and we see El Shaddai doing all the other works, and we see the Holy Spirit in the cloud and fire.

He comes after the Lamb (Rom 5:1); He was the gift of the Father’s presence (Jn 14:16); He was their guide throughout the wilderness (Rom 8:14; Jn 16:13); He was their covering and protection (Ps 105:39; Eph 4:30 - sealed); God spoke to Israel thru the cloud (Ps 99:7; Ex 33:9; Num 12:5)He was darkness to the enemies (Ex 14:20; Mt 11:25; 13:11-17); He rested in the Tabernacle (Ex 40:33-35); He is never taken away (Neh 9:19; Jn 14:16; Ex 13:22).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 234

Exodus RouteTraditional Route through Sinai Penninsula

Horeb is another of several names for the unknown location of Mt Sinai.

Sinai was Egyptian territory – not Midianite territory.

Moses was tending sheep in the western wilderness of Midan when he encountered God the first time – burning bush

How/Why would Moses herd his sheep around the Gulf of Aqabah into Sinai – where he was a wanted man?

The route back to Midian would not have ended in the Sinai Pennisula but back through Midian where Moses father-in-law Jethro met him and Moses encamped with Israel at the foot of the Mount Sinai. Exo 3:12

The same mountain as the burning bush event.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 235

Scripture specifically tells us the day they left, the day they entered the Wilderness of Sin, the day they arrived at Sinai and the total number of days the exodus took.

We know four of the 50 locations of the exodus locations for certain and using key clues in scripture, we are able to discern several others.

Using careful analysis, we can calculate the distances between each of the stops.

An examination of the Wilderness of Sin allows us to calculate the days of the week.

They left Goshen on Passover, which fell on a Thursday that year.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 236They crossed the Red Sea on a Sunday and entered the Wilderness of Sin on a Saturday.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 237They arrived at the Sinai on a Friday and Pentecost Sunday fell about a week later, 52 days after leaving Goshen.

God descends on Mt. Sinai on the following Wednesday.

While there are some assumptions that could be wrong, we know where they crossed the Red Sea, Mt. Sinai and Kadesh Barnea are located.

Exodus TimingDay #1 Goshen Nisan 14: Passover began at sundown. Depart Egypt

starting at midnight Thurs.2 Nisan 15: Num 33:3. Left before sundown Friday: Ex 12:513 Pentecost: Day 1 of Pentecost. Start counting 7 more

Sabbaths.4-89 Succoth 160 km to Straits of Tiran at 28 km per day equals 6

days10 day 8 of Pentecost11-1415 Migdol16 Etham: Iyar 117-24 camped at Red Sea25 crossed the Red Sea Shadow of the fulfillment of the day of

First Fruits (Lev 23:10-12) which always fell on a Sunday. Israel was "saved" by coming through the Red Sea.

26-27 Wilderness of Shur28 Marah29 Elim30 Red Sea Camp31 Wilderness of Sin arrive Iyar 15 Ex 16:1 Sabbath revealed

that evening32 camped at Sin, 1st Manna33-37 camped at Sin38 camped at Sin. 1st Sabbath

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 23839 leave morning from wilderness of Sin, arrive Dophkah40 Alush41 Arrive in evening at Rephidim (Meribah)42 Rephidim (Meribah)43 Rephidim (Meribah) Amalek attacks44 arrive Wilderness of Sinai: Iyar 28 Ex 19:145 Rested on second Sabbath day 42 of Pentecost: Sivan 146 Moses brings water from Rock47-5152 days from Goshen and day 49 of Pentecost, 7th Sabbath from

Egypt, third sabbath actually kept by Israel.53 days from Goshen Pentecost day 1st ascension Ex 19:3-6

Moses Ascends Mt. Sinai and returns with law54 2nd ascension Ex 19:7-14 Moses ascends Mt. Sinai 2nd

time. God says be ready on the third day5556 God dawns from Seir and descends on Mt. Sinai on the

morning of the third day. 3rd ascension Ex 19:2057 4th ascension Ex 19:21 Moses descends to warn people

2nd time, ascends with Aaron.58 5th ascension Ex 24:9-11 Moses descends with Aaron

and ascends with Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, 70 elders.59 4th Sabbath kept by Israel since wilderness of Sin60 6th ascension Ex 24:18 Moses spends 40 days at summit61–100 40 days Moses was on the Mt. Sinai

God reveals for the first time, the 10 Commandments and the plan for the tabernacle.The people party and build the Golden calf. from day 56 to day 96 when Moses returns.So about 100 days after leaving Egypt, Moses descends Mt. Sinai.Moses physically throws 10 commandments at the people who had made the golden calf.

95-99 Moses still on Mountain at the end of which he descends.100 7th ascension Ex 32:30-35 God tells Moses is to take

them into promised land.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 239101 Sabbath101-140 days from Goshen 8th ascension Ex 34:1-9

Moses spends another forty more days on the mountain, then returns. God replaces 2 tablets, God passes by while Moses was in the cleft of the rock. God said he would perform new miracles and Moses face is shining in view of the people so he puts a veil over his face. Ex 34:1-9; 2 Cor 3.

Num 10:11"Now in the second year, in the second month, on the twentieth of the month, the cloud was lifted from over the tabernacle of the testimony;"

Bible timing from Ramses to Mt. Sinai is 44 days:The Bible tells us that it was a 44 day journey from Goshen to Sinai.

They left Goshen on Passover (14th day of the first month) and arrived at the Wilderness of Sin on the 15th day of the second month and arrived at the Wilderness of Sinai on the 1st day of the third month. This equals 44 days.

It took 24 days to travel 490 km to the Red Sea and they spent 8 days camped there waiting for Pharaoh's army to come.

It took 20 days to travel 260 km to Sinai after the Red Sea including 7 days camping in the wilderness of Sin and 2 days battling the Amalekites at Rephidim.

Exodus 12:51 tells us Israel was driven out of Egypt by Pharaoh on Passover night (Nisan 14):

Leviticus 23:5. "In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight is the Lord's Passover."

Exodus 12:31. "Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron at night and said, "Rise up, get out from among my people, both you and the sons of Israel; and go, worship the Lord, as you have said."

Exodus 12:51 "And on that same day (Passover) the Lord brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts."

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 240Exodus 16:1 tells us that when they entered the Wilderness of Sin on the 15th day of the second month (Iyar 15).

This means they were only 15 days away from reaching the Mt. Sinai. "

Exodus 16:1 Then they set out from Elim, and all the congregation of the sons of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month (Iyar 15) after their departure from the land of Egypt."

Exodus 19:1 tells us they ended the trip when they reached the Wilderness of Sinai on the 1st day of the third month (Sivan 1):

Exodus 19:1 "In the third month (Sivan 1) after the sons of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, on that very day they came into the wilderness of Sinai."

Israel departs from Sinai for promised land after spending 11 months, 5 days at Sinai.

Since they left on the 14th day of the first month, this means they had been traveling one year, one month and one week, since leaving Egypt. (57 weeks) So they left Sinai on 1:1:1! (year:month:week)

They navigated about 20 stops over a period of between 10.5 and 11 months between Sinai and Kadesh Barnea

Numbers 20:1 "Then the sons of Israel, the whole congregation, came to the wilderness of Zin in the first month; and the people stayed at Kadesh."

They arrived at Kadesh Barnea in the first of the month of the third year or exactly 24 months after leaving Egypt.

They celebrated their second Passover at Sinai, then leave almost immediately afterwards for Kadesh. They arrived at Kadesh and immediately celebrated their third Passover.

They spend 38 continuous years at Kadesh Barnea (they do not leave and come back), then depart for the Jordan in the 40th year.

Many commentators mistakenly believe Num 20:1 was the 40th year.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 241The verse tells us they arrived at Kadesh in the first month, but does not tell us the year!

It does not say, "the first month in the 40th year".

Since Israel left Sinai in the second month of the second year after leaving Egypt (14 months), this means they arrived at Kadesh in the first month of the third year after leaving Egypt or 24 months.

Israel crossed the Jordan exactly 40 years after leaving Goshen:

Aaron died on the 1st day of the 5th month of the 40th year of the wilderness wandering (summer 1407 BC).

Shortly after mourning Aaron for 30 days, the people left Mount Hor, defeated the Transjordan nations, and then mourned for Moses 30 days.

They crossed the Jordan on the 10th day of the 1st month of the 41st year (spring, 1406 BC), four days before the 41st Passover, which was exactly 40 years to the day they left Goshen.

They started counting sabbatical years and Jubilee after crossing the Jordan. (Num 33:38; 20:28; Deut 34:8; Josh 4:19; 5:10)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 242

Exodus 14The Pharaoh Pursues

1] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,2] Speak unto the children of Israel, that they turn and

encamp before Pihahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, over against Baalzephon: before it shall ye encamp by the sea.

[encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, over against Baal-zephon] The journey thus far from Rameses:

1. To Succoth, perhaps only an encampment; it means tents or booths (Exo 12:37; Exo 13:20)

2. To Etham, a fortress of Egypt where the sun god was worshipped (Exo 13:20)

3. To Pi-hahiroth, on the Red Sea near Migdol, a fortress that defended Egypt from Asia, and close to Baal-zephon, sacred to Typhon, a demon in Egyptian mythology

“Pihahiroth” - “place of liberty.”“Migdol” - “tower, fortress.”“Baalzephon” - “land of north” - (usually suggestive of

judgment: Josh 8:11, 13; Isa 14:31; Jer 1:14, 4:6, 6:1; Ez 1:4).

3] For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are entangled in the land, the wilderness hath shut them in.

Another prediction of Pharaoh’s stubborness and defeat.

His servants joined his rebellion and suffered the same tragic end (Exo 14:5, Exo 14:28-31).

4] And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD. And they did so.

5] And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 243against the people, and they said, Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us?

6] And he made ready his chariot, and took his people with him:Four parts to this army:1.  Pharaoh, commander-in-chief2.  His people, perhaps the chief officers of his immediate

household3.  Six hundred chariots, comprising the king’s guard, the pride

of Egypt (Exo 14:7)4.  All chariots of Egypt as the main body of the army,

including drivers and soldiers in each (Exo 14:7, Exo 14:9).

Josephus says Pharaoh had 50,000 horsemen and 200,000 footmen.

7] And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them.

8] And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand.

9] But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pihahiroth, before Baalzephon.

[overtook them encamping by the sea] Lit: caught up with them

It was about a week since Israel had left Rameses.

The trip from Etham would have taken two or three days.

They were at the end of their journey unless they could get through the Red Sea - what God had in mind, but had not yet revealed to Moses.

10] And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians marched after them; and they were sore afraid: and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 244[they were sore afraid: and the children of Israel cried out

unto the LORD] Three effects on Israel:1. They were very afraid.2. They cried out to the Lord3. They complained against Moses (Exo 14:11-12)

11] And they said unto Moses, Because there were no graves in Egypt, hast thou taken us away to die in the wilderness? wherefore hast thou dealt thus with us, to carry us forth out of Egypt?

The second of twelve complaints of Israel.

12] Is not this the word that we did tell thee in Egypt, saying, Let us alone, that we may serve the Egyptians? For it had been better for us to serve the Egyptians, than that we should die in the wilderness.

[Let us alone] If Israel had been forsaken here the promises and covenants made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob would have failed and God would have been blamed.

God proved Himself just and merciful. Had He been like many men, just one flare-up like this would have caused Him to end His efforts to take such a stiffnecked people out of slavery.

Little did Israel realize how great God’s power was, even after the miracles they had seen in the land of Egypt.

They called to Him and gave up ready to surrender to the enemy,

[die in the wilderness] God had no intention of leaving them to die in the wilderness, but to man who can see only circumstances, it seemed this would be their fate.

This attitude previewed what they would be like throughout their history.

Red Sea Divided13] And Moses said unto the people, Fear ye not, stand still,

and see the salvation of the LORD, which he will shew to you to day: for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to day, ye shall see them again no more for ever.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 245Five Predictions of Moses

1.  You will see God’s salvation (Exo 14:13).2.  You will see it today.3.  The Egyptians whom you now see you will see no more.4.  The Lord will fight for you (Exo 14:14).5.  You will not have to fight.

[Fear ye not] This has been the command of God about 80 times in Scripture.

He has always had to still the fears of men.

Three things that they were instructed to do:

1) fear not, (Fear is faith in the wrong thing); Heb 11:1 Now faith is the substance of things hoped for,

the evidence of things not seen. Heb_11:6 But without faith it is impossible to please Him,

for he who comes to God must believe that He is, and that He is a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him.

2) stand still; Eph 6:11 Put on the whole armor of God, that you may be

able to stand against the wiles of the devil.Eph 6:13 Therefore take up the whole armor of God, that

you may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand.

3) see the salvation of the Lord; Heb 11:29 By faith they passed through the Red Sea as

by dry land, whereas the Egyptians, attempting to do so, were drowned.

God will take care of the whole thing!

[stand still] Five Commands for Man to Stand Still1. Stand still and see the salvation of Jehovah (Exo 14:13).2. Stand still and hear what Jehovah will command

concerning you (Num 9:8).3. Stand still a while that I may show you the word of God

(1Sa 9:27).4. Stand still and see the salvation of Jehovah with you (2Ch

20:17).5. Stand still and consider the wondrous works of God (Job

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 24637:14).

[ye shall see them again no more for ever] They were not seen alive again, but seen on the shores of the Red Sea after being destroyed (Exo 14:30).

“We shall see them no more” - not only killed, but also not saved eternally!

14] The LORD shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace.

[Wherefore criest thou unto me?] Stop calling on me !!! You/ve called on God, why are you complaining to me.

Stop praying, and complaining and act on your faith - go forward.

Moses believed God and crossed the Red Sea on dry ground (Heb 11:29).

15] And the LORD said unto Moses, Wherefore criest thou unto me? speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward:

16] But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Israel shall go on dry ground through the midst of the sea.

The last prediction of the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart.

Seven Predictions of God through Moses1. I will divide the Red Sea (Exo 14:16).2. Israel shall go on dry ground.3. I will harden hearts of Egyptians (Exo 14:17).4. They will follow Israel into the sea.5. Pharaoh will be destroyed.6. His army will be destroyed.7. They will know that I am Jehovah (Exo 14:18).

[lift thou up thy rod]Fifteen Miracles Done with the Rod1. It became a serpent (Exo 4:2-3).2. It became a rod again (Exo 4:4).3. It became a serpent (Exo 4:30).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2474. It became a rod again (Exo 4:30).5. It became a serpent (Exo 7:9-10).6. It swallowed other rods, i.e. serpents (Exo 7:12).7. Waters became blood (Exo 7:15-25).8. Frogs were created (Exo 8:5).9. Lice were created (Exo 8:16-17).10. Hail and fire were produced (Exo 9:23).11. Locusts were created (Exo 10:13).12. The Red Sea was divided (Exo 14:16).13. Water was created (Exo 17:6).14. A military victory (Exo 17:8-9).15. Water was created (Num 20:8-11).

[dry ground] The bottom of the Red Sea was actually made dry.

Exo 15:8 And with the blast of Your nostrils The waters were gathered together; The floods stood upright like a heap; The depths congealed in the heart of the sea.

[stood upright as an heap] They froze solid.

[congealed] qapha’ (H7087), to thicken; freeze; congeal.

Where Israel crossed it was about 12 miles wide, and 75 to 100 ft. deep.

Imagine a wide path with walls of ice on both sides 75 to 100 ft. high!

17] And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them: and I will get me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen.

18] And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I have gotten me honour upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen.

19] And the angel of God, which went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of the cloud went from before their face, and stood behind them:

[the angel of God] This was a member of the Godhead, often called "the angel of Jehovah," or "angel of God."

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 248He is called Jehovah in Exo 13:21-22; Exo 14:21-25, Exo 14:31; etc.

20] And it came between the camp of the Egyptians and the camp of Israel; and it was a cloud and darkness to them, but it gave light by night to these: so that the one came not near the other all the night.

Dark on one side placing the Egyptians in a deep think fog and yet luminous on the other facing the Israel. It separated the two encampments.

The cloud gave light to Israelites and their pathway through the Red Sea lit.

21] And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all that night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided.

Estimated grand total of the Israelite congregation that crossed through the Red Sea that night. 6,100,800If they marched 400 columns abreast there would be a line nearly 8.7 miles long, allowing 3 feet (about the same as the spacing of the seats around the table) for each of the 15,252 rows (ranks).

Allowing 3 feet to a person this column would cut a path through the Red Sea about 1,200 feet (almost a quarter mile) wide (Exo 15:8).

It would several take all night for the first Israelite to cross into the starting point of the path, march the 12 miles through the sea and have the last person exit the pathway on the far side. We don’t know for certain the length of the path through the sea itself.

And this assumes an ordered march – not a fleeing mass of humanity

[strong east wind] God used created things to perform His will. This was a miracle, not something accomplished by nature itself.

Not only was this done suddenly by divine power, but it was likewise undone suddenly by the same power (Exo 14:21,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 249Exo 14:26-31).

A wind strong enough to make a 12-mile path through the sea and hold the waters up like a wall would have been strong enough to blow all the Israelites and Egyptians away.

The wind pushed back the water and froze the walls in place and sustained the freeze until Israel had completely passed through and the Egyptians were far enough into the sea chasing them to be trapped and have no retreat.

22] And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.

[wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left] The waters were frozen solid on both sides of the people as they went through the sea.

23] And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the sea, even all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen.

24] And it came to pass, that in the morning watch the LORD looked unto the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of the cloud, and troubled the host of the Egyptians,

[morning watch] The last of four watches of the night which were three hours each. This was from 3:00 a.m. to 6:00 am.

25] And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily: so that the Egyptians said, Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.

[took off their chariot wheels] When we use the phrase, “The wheels came off ….” We’re really reference an act of God that defeated the enemy of His plans and purposes.

Thirteen Acts of God in Exodus 13-151. God guided Israel (Exo 13:21-22).2. God spoke to Moses (Exo 14:1-5).3. God hardened Pharaoh’s heart (Exo 14:8).4. God spoke to Moses (Exo 14:15-18).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2505. God moved between Egyptians and Israelites (Exo 14:19-20).6. God made the camp of Egypt dark (Exo 14:20).7. God made the camp of Israel light.8. God made a path through the sea (Exo 14:21-22).9. God looked upon the Egyptians (Exo 14:24).10. God troubled or confused them.11. God took off the chariot wheels (Exo 14:25).12. God spoke to Moses (Exo 14:26).13. God melted the frozen sea (Exo 14:27-28; Exo 15:8).

The many acts of God in Scripture, as many as eighty in a chapter, prove He is a real Person whose acts are to be understood in the same literal sense as those of man, angels, and other beings.

There is no authority to make them spiritual, symbolic, or figurative simply because they are the acts of God.

26] And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the sea, that the waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen.

God predicted the complete destruction of Pharaoh and his army.

27] And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to his strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.

[sea returned to his strength] The icy walls of the sea were suddenly melted and the Egyptians were all drowned (Exo 14:26-31; Exo 15:8).

[morning appeared] The sun came up and provided dawn light and warming to help in the melting of the sea walls.

The Egyptians, seeing the walls of water coming down, retreated trying to flee.

28] And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them.

[there remained not so much as one of them] Not even

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 251Pharaoh escaped, fulfilling the prophecies of Exo 14:3-4, Exo 14:17, Exo 14:26.

The only Egyptian witnesses that survived were those who did not enter the sea passage in pursuit of the Israelites. The support and logistic troops.

29] But the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.

[wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left] The waters were frozen solid 75 to 100 ft. high - the depth of the sea at the point of crossing.

30] Thus the LORD saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the sea shore.Six outstanding facts:1. The Lord saved Israel that day from the Egyptians (Exo

14:30).2. Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the shore of the Red

Sea.As they looked back from the vantage point on the far shore and as Egyptian bodies floated in the sea and washed up on shore.

3. Israel saw the great miracle of making the path through the sea and of closing it again after they were safe (Exo 14:31).

4. Israel feared the Lord.5. Israel believed the Lord.6. Israel believed in Moses as the servant of Jehovah.

31] And Israel saw that great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians: and the people feared the LORD, and believed the LORD, and his servant Moses.

Red Sea represented the boundary of Satan’s authority.

Israel is taken through the Red Sea in the same way we are taken through death, symbolized by Baptism.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 252The crossing of the Red Sea is thought to be a type of Baptism.

Passing through death unto life.

Israel carried with them the body of Joseph,

Joseph was a type of Jesus Christ. Heb 2:14; Gal 2:20; Eph 2:5,6. Sufficiency: Isa 43:2.

They will travel 3 days, 3 days is the interval between death and resurrection.

Red Sea = troubled waters always Gentile world in trouble: Ps 65:7; Isa 55; Dan 7:2; Rev 17:15.

Israel is delivered through the waters.

The fact that the Holy Spirit tends to use these idioms consistently is called the Principle of Expositional Constancy.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 253

Exodus 15The First Song in Scripture1] Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto

the LORD, and spake, saying, I will sing unto the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.

“Then” - verse 1 regarding Ex 14:30. Ps 106:12-107; Judg 5:1 (Deborah); Isa 53 - 54.

Singing — don’t take it lightly.

Only the redeemed sing in the Scriptures!

Angels shout (Job 38:7), praise (Lk 2:13), and can praise God saying (Rev 5:11,12).

Song of Redemption: Purchase (Ransom) + power (Lamb + lion); Hos 13:14; Jer 31:11; Eph 1:14.

[this song] The First Song of Moses and the children of IsraelThis is the first song of Israel on record.

See other songs of Moses in Deu 32:1-43; Psa 90:1-17; Psa 91:1-16.

They did not sing much in Egypt.

The last eighty or more years there were full of groaning and sighing (Exo 2:23-24; cp. Psa 137:1-4).

This song was composed by Moses and sung by him and all Israel when the Egyptians were destroyed in the Red Sea (Exo 15:1-19).

It was the real beginning of Hebrew poetry.

The song is in three parts distinctly marked (Exo 15:1-5, Exo 15:6-10, Exo 15:11-19),

Each begins with praise to God and increases in length and varied imagery until the triumphant ending which shows Jehovah reigning forever and ever.

It is mentioned as the future triumph song over Antichrist (Rev 15:2-4; cp. Isa 14:4-17).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 254[horse and his rider] This suggests a cavalry, but could also

refer to the many charioteers in Pharaoh’s army.

2] The LORD is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation: he is my God, and I will prepare him an habitation; my father’s God, and I will exalt him.

“Strength and song” - Neh 8:10.[salvation] yeshuw‛ah (H3444), "deliverance; victory; help;

salvation; welfare" (Exo_15:2; Exo_14:13; Deu_32:15; 1Sa_14:45; 2Sa_22:51).

“Salvation” - never in Genesis!

Only after blood: Exo 14:13 “seen” then Exo 15:2 “become.”

[prepare him an habitation] Moses either referred to making a better habitation for God (Psa_91:9), or he spoke prophetically of the tabernacle at Sinai.

“Habitation” - Rev 21:3,4.Song of Moses - Rev 15:3.

[Lord] YAH (H3050), the abbreviation of Jehovah (Jehovah (H3068)), the Eternal One. Psa_68:4.

Seven Things that God Is to Man1. My strength2. My song (Creator)3. My salvation4. My ’El (H410), (strong One)5. My father’s God, ’Elohiym (H430)6. A Man of war (Exo_15:3)7. Jehovah (Jehovah (H3068)

3] The LORD is a man of war: the LORD is his name.[man of war] This could refer to Jehovah as the hero of the war

with Pharaoh, which had just come to a glorious end for Israel (Exo_14:26-31; Exo_15:1, Exo_15:4; cp. Psa_24:8).

The Lord is a man of War - Rev 18 & 19 (1-3). Praise because He hates sin.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2554] Pharaoh’s chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea:

his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea.5] The depths have covered them: they sank into the bottom

as a stone. [as a stone] The warriors in the chariots had so much armor on

they sank immediately when the sea returned to its liquid state (Exo_15:5, Exo_15:10).

6] Thy right hand, O LORD, is become glorious in power: thy right hand, O LORD, hath dashed in pieces the enemy.

[right hand] A figure of power (Psa_17:7; Psa_44:3; Psa_60:5; Psa_63:8; Psa_91:7; Psa_110:5; Psa_118:15-16).

Seven Symbolic Uses of "Right Hand"1. The Power of God (Exo_15:6; Psa_17:7; Psa_44:3)2. Exaltation (Psa_16:11)3. Preservation (Psa_18:35; Psa_63:8)4. Righteousness (Psa_48:10)5. Planting (Psa_80:15)6. Longevity (Pro_3:16)7. Fellowship (Gal_2:9)See the wrong use of "hands" (Psa_7:3; Psa_9:16; Psa_26:10;

Psa_115:4; Pro_6:10, Pro_6:17; Pro_17:18; Isa_1:15; Jer_1:16; Jer_10:3-9; Jer_13:22).

Seven Symbolic Uses of "Feet"1. Conquest (Psa_8:6; Psa_91:13; Mal_4:3; 2 Cor. 15:24-28;

Eph_1:22)2. Swiftness (Psa_18:33)3. Stability (Psa_40:2)4. Good news (Isa_52:7; Nah_1:15)5. Power (Dan_7:7, Dan_7:19)6. Beauty (Rom_10:15)7. Victory (Rom_16:20)

The wrong use of "feet" (Pro_1:16; Pro_5:5; Pro_6:18; Pro_7:11; Pro_19:2; Isa_3:16; Isa_59:7; Jer_13:16; Mat_7:6; Rom_3:15).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2567] And in the greatness of thine excellency thou hast

overthrown them that rose up against thee: thou sentest forth thy wrath, which consumed them as stubble.

Same idiom that Paul uses in 1 Cor 3.

8] And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were gathered together, the floods stood upright as an heap, and the depths were congealed in the heart of the sea.

[blast of thy nostrils] The mighty wind that God used when dividing and parting the Red Sea (Exo_14:21).

[stood upright as an heap] Because they were frozen solid.

[congealed] qapha’ (H7087), to thicken; freeze; congeal.

9] The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my lust shall be satisfied upon them; I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.

Six Things that the Enemy had Boasted1. I will pursue.2. I will overtake.3. I will divide the spoil.4. I will be satisfied with the spoil.5. I will draw out my sword.6. I will destroy them.

10] Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them: they sank as lead in the mighty waters.

[Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them]Eight Acts of God1. God triumphed over His enemies (Exo_15:1).2. God destroyed the horses and riders.3. God destroyed all Pharaoh’s army (Exo_15:4-8).4. God congealed the Red Sea (Exo_15:8).5. God melted the Red Sea (Exo_15:10, Exo_15:19).6. God did wonders for Israel (Exo_15:11-12).7. God led Israel out of Egypt (Exo_15:13).8. God redeemed Israel from bondage.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 25711] Who is like unto thee, O LORD, among the gods? who is

like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders?

[glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders]Three Facts about God1. Glorious in holiness: expressing His essential nature and divine

perfection.

Eighteen Ways that "Holiness" Is Used:(1) Of God’s true nature (Exo_15:11; Psa_30:4;

Psa_97:12)(2) In signets on the high priest’s mitre (Exo_28:36;

Exo_39:30)(3) Of worship to God (1Ch_16:29; Psa_29:2; Psa_96:9)(4) Of praise to God (2Ch_20:21)(5) Of separation to God (2Ch_31:18)(6) Of God’s throne (Psa_47:8)(7) Of God’s dwelling (Psa_48:1; Isa_63:15; Jer_31:23)(8) Of God’s revelation (Psa_60:6; Psa_108:7; Jer_23:9)(9) Of God’s oath (Psa_89:35; Amo_4:2)(10) Of God’s house (Psa_93:5; Isa_62:9)(11) Of consecrated things (Isa_23:18)(12) Of a literal highway leading up to the temple of God

(Isa_35:8)(13) Of God’s people (Isa_63:18; Jer_2:3)(14) Of human society (Oba_1:17; Luk_1:75)(15) Inscription on bells and pots (Zec_14:20-21)(16) Of God’s Spirit (Rom_1:4)(17) Of Christian living (Rom_6:19, Rom_6:22; 2Co_7:1;

Eph_4:24; 1Th_3:13; 1Th_4:7; 1Ti_2:15; Tit_2:3; Heb_12:10, Heb_12:14)

(18) Of the eternal state and nature of believers in heaven (1Th_3:13)

2. Fearful in praises: referring to the reverential fear angels and men have of God.

3.  Doing wonders: God is eternally doing wonders in creation, redemption, and providence.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 25812] Thou stretchedst out thy right hand, the earth swallowed

them.[the earth swallowed them.] An earthquake made fissures in the

bottom of the Red Sea and swallowed many Egyptians

Psa 77:18 The voice of Your thunder was in the whirlwind; The lightnings lit up the world; The earth trembled and shook.

Key Verse of Exodus13] Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the people which thou

hast redeemed: thou hast guided them in thy strength unto thy holy habitation.

This verse summarizes the entire book of Exodus. This is what God has done for you and me.

He has in His mercy lead us forth, whom He has redeemed, He guides us with His strength unto His holy habitation.

Here modeled in Exodus, amplified in Ruth and Joshua and climaxed in detail in the book of Revelation 6 - 19.

Ten Predictions of Moses1. Redemption from bondage (Exo_15:13).2. Guidance to Canaan.3. Enemies shall hear, be afraid, and have sorrow (Exo_15:14).4. The dukes of Edom shall be amazed (Exo_15:15).5. The men of Moab shall tremble.6. Canaanites shall be defeated.7. Enemies shall fear, dread, and experience complete

amazement (Exo_15:16).8. Safe passage of Israel to and settlement in Canaan.9. A sanctuary for God (Exo_15:17).10. Eternal reign of Messiah (Exo_15:18).

14] The people shall hear, and be afraid: sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestina.

[Palestina] First time this term is used of the promised land. See Isa_14:29, Isa_14:31; Joe_3:4.

15] Then the dukes of Edom shall be amazed; the mighty men of Moab, trembling shall take hold upon them; all the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 259inhabitants of Canaan shall melt away.

[dukes of Edom] See Gen_36:1-43.[melt away] Figurative of absolute defeat by Israel as in

Jos_12:1-24.

16] Fear and dread shall fall upon them; by the greatness of thine arm they shall be as still as a stone; till thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over, which thou hast purchased.

[still as a stone] Terms used of the defeat of the enemy:1. Sink as a stone (Exo_15:5)2. Sink as lead (Exo_15:10)3. Be still as a stone (Exo_15:16)

[pass over] Not pass over the Red Sea, because that was history, but over the desert and the Jordan to the promised land.

We see that God’s power does cause fear: Jethro in Ex 18:10,11; Rahab in Josh 2:9,10; Gibeonites in Josh 9:9; Philistines in 1 Sam 4:8.

17] Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of thine inheritance, in the place, O LORD, which thou hast made for thee to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands have established.

[plant] The word used by the Lord to describe the settling of His people in the promised land (Exo_15:17; 2Sa_7:10; 1Ch_17:9; Psa_80:8, Psa_80:15; Isa_5:1-7; Jer_2:21; Jer_11:17; Jer_12:2; Jer_24:6; Jer_32:41; Jer_42:10; Jer_45:4; Amo_9:15).

[Sanctuary] This no doubt looks forward to the tabernacle and temple built by Moses and Solomon.

18] The LORD shall reign for ever and ever.This is one of the clearest and earliest scriptures on the eternal reign of Jehovah or the Messiah on earth.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 260Many statements after this are just as plain and comprehensive,

showing that God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit will set up a kingdom on earth and reign personally over men forever (Num_24:7, Num_24:17-19; 2Sa_7:10-16; Psa_2:1-12; Psa_45:6; Psa_72:1-17; Psa_89:1-5, Psa_89:27-37; Isa_9:6-7; Isa_59:20-21; Jer_23:3-8; Jer_30:3-24; Jer_31:1-40; Jer_32:37-44; Jer_33:3-26; Eze_34:11-31; Eze_36:23-38; Eze_37:1-28; Eze_43:7; Eze_48:35; Dan_2:44-45; Dan_7:13-14, Dan_7:18, Dan_7:27; Hosea 4-5; Joe_3:1-21; Amo_9:9-15; Oba_1:15-21; Mic_4:1-13; Zec_14:1-21; Mat_24:29-31; Mat_25:31-46; Luk_1:32-33; Rev_5:10; Rev_11:15; Rev_20:1-10; Rev. 21:1-22:5).

19] For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea.

20] And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances.

[Miriam] In the New Testament, the Greek word for Miriam is translated Mary.

[prophetess] nebiy’ah (H5031), a woman who prophesies.

First occurrence in the Bible.

Rachel was the first woman to prophesy, but she was not called a prophetess (Gen_30:24).

As God has done in the past, He will yet pour out His Spirit on women (Joe_2:28; Act_2:16-21).

Fourteen Prophetesses1. Rachel (Gen_30:24)2. Miriam (Exo_15:20)3. Deborah (Jdg_4:4)4. Huldah (2Ki_22:14; 2Ch_34:22)5. Noadiah (Neh_6:14)6. Isaiah’s wife (Isa_8:3)7. Elizabeth (Luk_1:41-45)8. Mary, mother of Jesus (Luk_1:46-55)9. Anna (Luk_2:36-38)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 26110. Jezebel, a false prophetess (Rev_2:20)11-14. Phillip’s four daughters (Act_21:9)[timbrel] toph (H8596), a tom-tom. A tamborine

Translated "tabret" (Gen_31:27; 1Sa_10:5; 1Sa_18:6; Isa_5:12; Isa_24:8; Isa_30:32; Jer_31:4; Eze_28:13) and

"timbrel" (Exo_15:20; Jdg_11:34; 2Sa_6:5; 1Ch_13:8; Job_21:12; Psa_81:2; Psa_149:3; Psa_150:4).

[dances] mechowlah (H4246), feminine of machashabah (H4284), a round dance (Psa_30:11; Psa_149:3; Psa_150:4; Jer_31:13; Lam_5:15). Translated "dances" (Exo_15:20; Jdg_11:34; Jdg_21:21;

1Sa_21:11; 1Sa_29:5; Jer_31:4) and

"dancing" (Exo_32:19; 1Sa_18:6).

21] And Miriam answered them, Sing ye to the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.

No Water22] So Moses brought Israel from the Red sea, and they went

out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water.

[they went out into the wilderness of Shur] They went from the Red Sea to Mount Sinai in three months:1. From the Red Sea to the waters of Marah (Exo_15:22)2. From Marah to Elim (Exo_15:27)3. From Elim to Wilderness of Sin (Exo_16:1)4. From the Wilderness of Sin to Rephidim (Exo_17:1)5. From Rephidim to Sinai (Exo_19:1-2)[Shur] The name of a great wall built to protect Egypt from Asia,

with its mighty Migdol, or fortress.

[found no water] The first test for Israel after the Red Sea dealt with water.- Ps 63:1; John 7:37. Jesus is the living water.

Seven Water Miracles of the Exodus1. The water was turned into blood (Exo_7:20-27).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2622. The Red Sea was divided (Exo_14:21-22).3. The Egyptians were drowned in Red Sea (Exo_14:26-29;

Exo_15:8-19).4. Making bitter water sweet (Exo_15:23-26).5. Water came from the rock (Exo_17:5-7).6. Water came from rock again (Num_20:7-13).7. The drying up of the Jordan River (Jos 3:13-4:23).

23] And when they came to Marah, they could not drink of the waters of Marah, for they were bitter: therefore the name of it was called Marah.

“Marah” – Marah (H4785) means "bitter."

They were following the cloud. He brought them there. The people murmured, .

Eph 1:11 In Him also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestined according to the purpose of Him who works all things according to the counsel of His will,

The basin of the well is 8 ft. in diameter with about 2 ft. of water, which is said even now to contain sulphate of lime, magnesia, soda, potash, chloride of sodium, bituminous matter, silicic acid, and carbonic acid.

These chemicals make the water unfit for drinking.

Arabs seldom even permit their camels to drink from it.

There is no statement proving a spiritual, symbolic, or typical meaning.

The experience at Marah was just another in the training of God’s people.

There are many such lessons in Scripture:1.  Darkness before light (Gen_1:2-5)2.  Fall before salvation (Gen_3:1-24)3.  Sacrifice before blessing (Gen_4:1-26)4.  Marah before Elim (Exo_15:23-27)5.  Wilderness before Canaan (Exo_16:1-36)6.  Humiliation before exaltation (Luk_14:11)7.  Death before life (Joh_12:24)8.  Travail before birth (Joh_16:21; Gal_4:19)9.  Mortgage before redemption (Rom_5:1-21)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 26310.  Tribulation before patience (Rom_5:1-21)11.  Suffering before glory (Rom_8:18; 1Pe_1:11; 1Pe_4:13;

1Pe_5:1)12.  Work before reward (2Co_3:11-15)13.  Cross before crown (Gal_6:14; 2Ti_4:8)14.  Fight before victory (2Ti_4:7-8)15.  Temptation before overcoming (Jas_1:12-16; Rev_2:7,

Rev_2:11, Rev_2:17)

24] And the people murmured against Moses, saying, What shall we drink?

[murmured against Moses] H3885 לין / לון lun / lıyn to grumble, complain, murmur

Ten Murmurings against Moses By: 1.  Israel for water (Exo_15:24-26)2.  Israel for food (Exo_16:2-8)3.  Israel for water (Exo_17:3-7)4.  Miriam and Aaron — jealousy (Num_12:1-16)5.  Israel — fear and cowardice (Num_14:2-38)6.  Korah and company — jealousy (Num_16:1-35)7.  Israel — bitterness (Num_16:41-50)8.  Israel — jealousy (Num_17:1-13)9.  Israel for water (Num_20:1-13)10.  Israel for food (Num_21:4-9)Half the complaints were for food and water; three were because of jealousy; and the other two were prompted by bitterness and cowardice.

25] And he cried unto the LORD; and the LORD shewed him a tree, which when he had cast into the waters, the waters were made sweet: there he made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there he proved them,

[tree] The identity of this tree is unknown.

Tree heals: Ps 1:3; 1 Pet 2:24; Phil 3:10. [cried unto the LORD] Moses did what they should have done.

They murmured, he asked God. (Ps 107:4, 5, 12, 13, 18, 19, 27, 28)

He was their advocate (Ps 103:10; Heb 7:25; 1 John 2:1).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 264Thirty Prayers of Moses which were Answered1. God answered when he feared (Exo_3:10-12).2. God revealed His name (Exo_3:13-15).3. Moses was answered by miracles (Exo_4:1-9).4. Moses was promised to be made eloquent (Exo_4:10-12).5. God sent Aaron to help Moses (Exo_4:13-17).6. God gave confirmation of His call (Exo 5:22-6:8).7. God made Moses like a god to Pharaoh (Exo 6:30-7:5).8. God removed the frogs (Exo_8:8-15).9. God removed the flies (Exo_8:29-32).10. God removed the hail and the fire (Exo_9:28-35).11. God removed the locusts (Exo_10:18-20).12. God parted the Red Sea (Exo_14:15).13. God made the water sweet (Exo_15:24-25).14. God produced water from a rock (Exo_17:4-7).15. God spared Israel from death (Exo_32:9-14).16. Moses received revelation (Exo_32:31-35).17. Moses received the assurance of grace (Exo_33:12-17).18. Moses saw limited glory (Exo_33:18-23).19. Moses received further assurance (Exo_34:8-17).20. Fire was quenched (Num_11:2).21. Meat was provided (Num_11:10-23, Num_11:31-35).22. The Spirit was imparted to seventy elders (Num_11:14-25).23. Miriam was healed (Num_12:13-16).24. Israel was spared from death (Num_14:5-20).25. Judgment came upon Korah (Num_16:4-33).26. Israel was spared from death (Num_16:44-50).27. The serpent bites were healed (Num_21:5-9).28. Aaron was spared from death (Deu_9:20).29. Israel spared from death (Deu_10:10).30. The Spirit was imparted to Joshua (Deu_34:9).

26] And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee.

[If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments and keep all his statues]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 265There were no statutes in Egypt, the statutes did not apply until they were delivered.

Now, they apply. Grace is not lawlessness (Rom 5:21).

Healing: cf. Elisha (2 Ki 2:19-22; Ps 104:14). Rev 22:2

tree for healing. God shows them: Hagar in Gen 21:19; 2 Kgs 6:17; Prov 20:12.Four Conditions of Healing1.  Diligently hear God’s voice — acknowledge Him as God; live

free from idolatry.2.  Live righteous lives in His sight.3.  Give ear to His commandments — not just the ten, but all of

them.4.  Keep all His statutes — regulations for civil and religious life.

Seven Commands to Hear1.  Give ear to My commandments (Exo_15:26).2.  Bow down your ear and hear (2Ki_19:16).3.  Give ear to My law (Psa_78:1).4.  Incline your ear to wisdom (Pro_2:2).5.  Incline your ear to My sayings (Pro_4:20).6.  Bow down your ear to My understanding (Pro_5:1).7.  He that hath an ear, let him hear (Mat_13:9; see also

Mat_13:15, Mat_13:16, Mat_13:43; Rev_2:7, Rev_2:11, Rev_2:17, Rev_2:29; Rev_3:6, Rev_3:13, Rev_3:22; Rev_13:9).

The wrong use of "the ear" (Pro_17:4; Jer_6:10; Jer_7:24, Jer_7:26; Jer_11:8; Jer_17:23; Jer_25:4; Jer_34:14; Jer_35:15; Jer_44:5; 2Ti_4:3-4).

No one can expect to be free from sickness unless he meets the conditions; but every one can expect such blessings by meeting them (Exo_20:6; Exo_23:22-25; Psa_91:1-16). See 210 Plain Laws and Warnings.[I will put none of these diseases upon thee] God is responsible for disease only in the sense of

making the law of sowing and reaping (Gal_6:7-8); making penalties for sin (Exo_15:26; Exo_23:22-25;

Lev_26:1-46; Deu_28:1-68); and

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 266permitting agencies with the power to execute the curse on

man to have their way (Job_1:6-22; Job_2:1-13; Job_42:10; Psa_91:1-16; Luk_13:16; Joh_10:10; Act_10:38; Heb_2:14-15; Rev_9:1-12).

If there had been no sin there would be no curse. When Christ reigns on earth there will be no sickness (Isa_33:24; Isa_35:5-6). When God’s will is done on earth as in heaven, there will be no curse (Rev. 21:1-22:6).[for I am the LORD] The reason given for no sickness on the

obedient was, God is the healer of His people.

Here God is revealed as Jehovah-Rapha, Jehovah the Healer, or Jehovah your Physician.

See Sixteen Jehovah Titles.[that healeth thee] To prove not only that He could heal, but was

willing to (thus fulfilling His promises and covenants),

He healed them all by His word and there was not a feeble person in all their tribes (Psa_105:37; Psa_107:20).

God promised to make everyone immune from all diseases in the future, upon meeting conditions

(Exo_23:22-25; Psa_91:1-16; Isa_58:1-14). Sicknesses and diseases were and still are special curses on human beings only when they won’t obey or when they fail to understand and appropriate God’s provision by faith

(Exo_23:22-25; Lev_26:1-46; Deu_28:1-68; Job_33:14-33; Psa_91:1-16; Psa_103:3; Isa_58:1-14; Mat_8:17; Joh_10:10; 2Co_11:30; Jas_5:14-16, notes; 1Pe_2:24).

12 + 7027] And they came to Elim, where were twelve wells of water,

and threescore and ten palm trees: and they encamped there by the waters.

[twelve wells] Only nine of the twelve wells remain. The rest have been filled with sand through the years.

[seventy palm trees] The seventy palm trees are now more than two thousand.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 26712 + 70: Luke 9:1 - 10:1.

Jesus sent out His 12 apostles [Mat 10:5] and then later sent out 70 [Luk 10:1] on missionary journeys around Galilee to heal, preach and teach.

There would seem to be a reference in this number to the Jewish order — the 70 elders assistants of Moses (Exo_24:1, Num_11:16-17); as in the number of the Apostles to the twelve tribes of Israel.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 268

Exodus 16Manna1] And they took their journey from Elim, and all the

congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt.

[wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai] “Sin” - is a geographical place. Num 33:11-12.

A desert stretching across the Sinai peninsula.

Highways were maintained by Egyptians who worked copper and turquoise mines in the wilderness.

[fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt]

They had been on the road exactly one month, having left Egypt the fifteenth of the first month (Num 33:3).

This indicates that they moved slowly and stopped perhaps several days at a time. One more month brought them to Sinai (Exo 19:1).

Timing of the Exodus Route

2] And the whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness:

[whole congregation of the children of Israel] Except Moses and Aaron and perhaps a few others.

[murmured against Moses and Aaron] The fourth of twelve complaints of Israel.

Mentioned eight times in this chapter (Exo 16:2, Exo 16:7-12).

Ten Murmurings against Moses By: 1.  Israel for water (Exo_15:24-26)2.  Israel for food (Exo_16:2-8)3.  Israel for water (Exo_17:3-7)4.  Miriam and Aaron — jealousy (Num_12:1-16)5.  Israel — fear and cowardice (Num_14:2-38)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2696.  Korah and company — jealousy (Num_16:1-35)7.  Israel — bitterness (Num_16:41-50)8.  Israel — jealousy (Num_17:1-13)9.  Israel for water (Num_20:1-13)10.  Israel for food (Num_21:4-9)Half the complaints were for food and water; three were because of jealousy; and the other two were prompted by bitterness and cowardice.

3] And the children of Israel said unto them, Would to God we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger.

It does not take much to cause the average person to complain.

The slightest temporary lack of water, food, clothing, money, or convenience will test the mettle of every man.

Add power outages to our day.

One is virtually a prisoner to his own desires, appetites, and passions, if he is without God.

The best will finally complain, if the pressure increases beyond normal.

4] Then said the LORD unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no.

“Manna” - Num 11:7; Ps 78:29 (vs Ps 105:40).

Israel calls the bread - “manna” = “what is it?”

It is actually a derogatory term.

The Lord always speaks of it as “bread” (except once when He refers to it by what they call it).

“Bread” - John 6:22-58; Num 11:6-9.

Six predictions of God through Moses here:1. I will rain bread from heaven (Exo 16:4).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2702. I will rain it daily for six days.3. I will test them to see if they will walk in My law.4. They shall gather twice as much the sixth day (Exo 16:5).5. At evening I will rain flesh (Exo 16:6-8).6. In the morning I’ll rain bread (Exo 16:8).

5] And it shall come to pass, that on the sixth day they shall prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily.

6] And Moses and Aaron said unto all the children of Israel, At even, then ye shall know that the LORD hath brought you out from the land of Egypt:

[then ye shall know that the LORD hath brought you out from the land of Egypt]Continued MiraclesGod continued performing miracles to prove He was the One who brought them out of Egypt, and He was still with them, leading them into Canaan.

Past miracles are convincing but without fresh evidences of God the natural man soon lapses into unbelief again.

God would now give Israel daily miracles: quail in the evening and bread from heaven in the morning

- enough for millions of people (Exo 16:12-15, Exo 16:21-30).

It seems the quail was temporary while the bread was to continue indefinitely, for

Num 11:4-9 tells of murmuring when the people had manna but no meat.

Tired of manna, they demanded meat, and God promised quail again, not for one or two days but for a whole month - until they got sick of it (Num 11:18-34).

The miracle of bread continued for forty years (Exo 16:35, note; Deu 8:3, Deu 8:16; Jos 5:12; Psa 78:24; Joh 6:31, Joh 6:49, Joh 6:58).

A pot of manna was kept in the ark as a memorial of God’s supply,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 271but no meat was kept (Exo 16:33; Heb 9:4).

7] And in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of the LORD; for that he heareth your murmurings against the LORD: and what are we, that ye murmur against us?

[heareth you murmurings] God hears and sees all the acts of man and holds each responsible for right and wrong in every detail (Mat 12:36-37; Rom 2:12-16; 2Co 3:11-15).

[and what are we, that ye murmur against us] Why are you complaining to us? We’re in the same boat. God hears, He will answer you. (Be careful what you say in your grumbling…)

[glory of the LORD] “Glory of the Lord” - first place mentioned.

The Glory of the Lord"Glory" here comes from kabowd (H3519), "splendor, honor,

glory."

The word is used in fourteen different ways:1. Material substance (Gen 31:1; Psa 49:16-17)2. Authority and power (Gen 45:13; Est 5:11; Job 19:9; Job

29:20; Psa 4:2; Psa 8:1, Psa 8:5)3. Visible manifestation of God (Exo 16:7, Exo 16:10; Exo

24:16-17; Exo 40:34; Lev 9:6, Lev 9:23; Num 14:10, Num 14:21-22; Num 16:19, Num 16:42; Num 20:6; 1Sa 4:21-22; 1Ki 8:11; 2Ch 5:14; 2Ch 7:1-3; Psa 19:1; Psa 72:19; Psa 85:9; Psa 97:6; Psa 102:16; Eze 1:28; Eze 3:12, Eze 3:23; Eze 8:4; Eze 9:3; Eze 10:4, Eze 10:18-19; Eze 11:22-23; Eze 43:2-5; Eze 44:4; Hag 2:7-9)

4. Praise and honor (Jos 7:19; 1Sa 6:5)5. God’s works and power (Exo 29:43; 1Ch 16:24, 1Ch 16:28-

29; Psa 29:9; Psa 84:11; Psa 96:3)6. The tongue giving praise to God (Psa 16:9; Psa 21:5; Psa

29:1-2; Psa 30:12; Psa 57:8; Psa 62:7; Psa 66:2; Psa 96:7-8; Psa 105:3; Psa 108:1; Psa 115:1; Isa 42:8, Isa 42:12; Isa 48:11; Jer 13:16)

7. Heaven and its splendor (Psa 24:7-10; Psa 29:3; Psa 57:11; Psa 73:24; Psa 149:5)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 2728. Honor to God (Psa 79:9; Pro 25:2; Mal 2:2)9. God’s kingdom and its splendor (Psa 145:11; Isa 66:18-19;

Eze 39:21)10. Outward appearance (Exo 28:2, Exo 28:40)11. God’s infinite light in which He dwells (Exo 33:18-22; cp. 1Ti

6:16)12. Honor to men (Pro 3:35; Jer 2:11)13. Men created for God’s honor (Isa 43:7; Isa 60:2; Isa 66:12)14. Man’s honor among men (Isa 8:7; Isa 16:14; Isa 17:4; Isa

21:16; Dan 11:39)

There are twelve other Hebrew words and ten Greek words translated glory.

When it is said that people saw the glory of the Lord it refers to some visible manifestation of His person or His power (Exo 16:7, Exo 16:10; Exo 24:16-17).

Moses requested to see the infinite glory in which God dwells, but this could not be fully granted (Exo 33:18, note; 1Ti 6:16).

8] And Moses said, This shall be, when the LORD shall give you in the evening flesh to eat, and in the morning bread to the full; for that the LORD heareth your murmurings which ye murmur against him: and what are we? Your murmurings are not against us, but against the LORD.

[against the LORD] All sins against God’s people and His appointed leaders are considered sins against Him (1Sa 8:7; 2Co 8:12).

9] And Moses spake unto Aaron, Say unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, Come near before the LORD: for he hath heard your murmurings.

10] And it came to pass, as Aaron spake unto the whole congregation of the children of Israel, that they looked toward the wilderness, and, behold, the glory of the LORD appeared in the cloud.

11] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,12] I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel:

speak unto them, saying, At even ye shall eat flesh, and in

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 273the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God.

[and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God] The second time God emphasized the purpose of miracles (Exo 16:6, Exo 16:12).

Such statements prove that there was yet much unbelief in Israel which God was constantly seeking to root out of the hearts of all who followed Him.

This condition prevailed in the lives of Christ’s disciples even after four years of continual miracles of every description. Luk 13:6-9.

His last rebuke was for unbelief and hardness of heart (Mar 16:14).

13] And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host.

[And it came to pass] The test of any prophecy is its literal fulfillment (Exo 16:13-30; Deu 13:1-18; Jer 23:1-40; Eze 13:1-23, Eze 22:1-31, and Eze 13:1-23 :34).

If quails had never come up and if manna had never fallen, then Moses would have been a false prophet.

[quails came up] Quails came up, seemingly of their own accord.

This was a notable miracle - that they should come at the exact time and place as predicted.

[dew lay round about the host] The dew fell first to cool the ground, so the manna would not melt before they gathered their daily supply (Exo 16:21; Num 11:9).

14] And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground.

15] And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 274[manna] man (H4478) huw’ (H1931)

[wist] From the Anglo-Saxon, witan, "to know. "What is this?

It was the bread that God had sent supernaturally.

Fourteen Reasons Why Manna Was Supernatural1. It had never appeared following the dew until God sent it (Exo

16:13-14).2. It was a fulfillment of prophecy, not some natural happening

that had occurred before (Exo 16:8, Exo 16:12).3. It was a miracle designed to prove that God was the Giver

(Exo 16:6, Exo 16:8, Exo 16:12).4. If it had been a natural product of vegetation on Sinai, people

would have had it before this (Exo 16:14).5. If it had been a natural thing it would not have appeared for the

first time at the beginning of the forty years, and ceased when the forty years were ended (Exo 16:35; Jos 5:12).

6. It was something not known to man before this or after the forty years (Deu 8:3, Deu 8:16; Jos 5:12).

7. God rained the manna from heaven (Psa 78:24; Joh 6:31-32).8. Each week it appeared for six days, but not on the sabbath

(Exo 16:24-27).9. It rotted on any other day besides the sabbath, if any happened

to be kept over the second day (Exo 16:19-23).10. It was not the product of plants, because it was found on the

ground (Exo 16:14).11. Some of it was kept in a pot as a memorial (at God’s

command) for many hundreds of years. This did not breed worms or stink as in the usual case when some was held over for a day other than the sabbath (Exo 16:19-20, Exo 16:33; Heb 9:4).

12. The sun melted it daily - except for the memorial (Exo 16:21, Exo 16:33; Heb 9:4).

13. It was angels’ food from heaven (Exo 16:4; Psa 78:25; Joh 6:31-32)

14. Jesus said that manna came from heaven (sent supernaturally by God), not by Moses (Joh 6:31-32).

Moses testified of the same (Exo 16:6, Exo 16:8, Exo

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 27516:12, Exo 16:15)

16] This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to the number of your persons; take ye every man for them which are in his tents.

[commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man] Four laws concerning manna:1. Every person who was entitled was to gather a omer (half a

gallon) daily for five days (Exo 16:16-23).2. The full omer was to be eaten daily - nothing being left over for

the next day (Exo 16:19).3. On the sixth day they were to gather two omers apiece - one

for that day and one for the sabbath (Exo 16:22-30).4. Each of the two omers to be baked into bread on the sixth day

- no baking on the sabbath (Exo 16:23-30).

17] And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less.

18] And when they did mete it with an omer, he that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack; they gathered every man according to his eating.

19] And Moses said, Let no man leave of it till the morning.20] Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto Moses; but

some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and stank: and Moses was wroth with them.

[they hearkened not unto Moses] Twice in this chapter Israel deliberately disobeyed God (Exo 16:20, Exo 16:27-30).

Moses was angry with them the first time and God the second time.

21] And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his eating: and when the sun waxed hot, it melted.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 27622] And it came to pass, that on the sixth day they gathered

twice as much bread, two omers for one man: and all the rulers of the congregation came and told Moses.

[rulers of the congregation] The heads of the tribal households.

23] And he said unto them, This is that which the LORD hath said, To morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto the LORD: bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe that ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning.

[sabbath unto the LORD] This is the first mention of a sabbath for man. It was 2,513 years after God "rested" in Gen 2:2.

The word "sabbath" is used 76 times in the singular and 35 times in the plural in the Old Testament and 60 times in the singular in the New Testament.

[bake that which ye will bake today ... and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning]

All cooking had to be done the day before the sabbath.

Twenty-two Facts about Sabbaths1.  The words "sabbath" and "seventh" do not come from the

same word. The Hebrew word for "sabbath" is shabbath (H7676), intermission or cessation from work.

It is from the verb shabath (H7673), "to repose, desist from exertion; rest."

Such rest does not have to be on the seventh day. It is the cessation of work that makes it the sabbath, not the day.

2.  Sabbaths have been observed on different days, for different lengths of time:Sabbaths on Different Days:

(1)    On the first day (Lev_23:39)(2)    On the seventh day (Exo_20:10)(3)    On the eighth day (Lev_23:39)

Sabbaths of Different Lengths:(1)    One day long (Exo_16:23-29)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 277(2)    Two days long (Lev_23:6-8, Lev_23:15-22)(3)    One year long (Lev_25:4)(4)    Seventy years long (2Ch_36:21)(5)    Eternity long (Heb_4:9)

3.  Thus, there was no such thing as the sabbath always being on Saturday throughout the year, or perpetually.The seventh-day sabbaths of Israel were changing sabbaths, being observed on two different days each year because of an additional sabbath at Pentecost.

If the fifteenth day of Abib (when Israel left Egypt), which was on the sabbath, was Saturday, then the seventh-day sabbath would fall on Saturday for seven weeks or forty-nine days. The fiftieth day, Sunday, would be Pentecost. The next seventh-day sabbath after Pentecost would then fall on Sunday, and so on until Pentecost of the following year which would change the seventh-day sabbath again.

4.  Sabbaths were to be a delight instead of a burden and would have been had they been observed lawfully, and the true nature of rest and worship maintained (Isa_58:13).

5.  Sabbaths were for Israel only (Exo_16:29; Exo_31:14; Eze_20:12). Gentiles who wished to become a part of the nation of Israel could do so by meeting certain requirements, after which the sabbath laws applied to them (Exo_12:49; Num_15:16).

6.  Sabbaths were to be observed holy (Exo_16:23; Exo_20:8; Exo_35:2; Isa_58:13; Jer_17:21-27).

7.  Sabbaths were to be observed unto God (Exo_16:25).8.  Sabbaths were from the Lord (Exo_20:10; Exo_35:2;

Lev_23:3; Deu_5:14).9.  They were to be kept (Exo_31:14)10.  No work was to be done on sabbaths (Exo_20:8-11;

Exo_31:15; Exo_35:3; Num_15:32; Jer_17:21-27). The penalty for breaking this law was death (Nu15:30-36).

11.  Sabbaths were to be observed as a time of rest (Exo_35:2; Lev_16:31; Lev_23:3, Lev_23:32).

12.  They were to be sanctified or set apart by Israel (Deu_5:12).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 27813.  Sabbaths were commanded (Exo_20:8-11; Deu_5:15).14.  To Israel the seventh-day sabbath was a memorial of

deliverance from slavery under Pharaoh (Deu_5:15), not a commemoration of God’s rest upon completing His work.

Man’s rest could not have been the same day that God rested, because man was only created the day before God’s sabbath.

He had worked only one day, and six days are required before a sabbath (Exo_20:8-11).

It would be as meaningless for the church to observe the Jewish sabbath commemorating deliverance from Egypt as it would for England to observe the Fourth of July with Americans!

15.  Sabbaths are to be observed in the Millennium and New Earth, so that all flesh can come before God to worship (Isa_66:22-24; Eze_44:24; Eze_45:17; Eze_46:3).Scripture does not reveal what particular day will be observed in the future, but if it is worldwide it will be at different times throughout the earth because time varies as much as a full day around the globe.

It might be local in fulfillment with representatives sent to Jerusalem.

That universal gatherings to worship are to be representative is proved in Zec_14:16-21.

16.  It is lawful to do good things on sabbaths (Mat_12:2, Mat_12:12; Mar_2:27-28; Mar_3:4; Luk_6:9).

17.  Man was not made for sabbaths, but they were made for him (Mat_12:8; Mar_2:27-28; Luk_6:5);

He is free, therefore, to do what is best for him on rest days – worshipping and remembering God’s deliverance.

18.  Man was not initially required to observe the seventh day which God rested on and sanctified. God Himself did not continue observing a rest day because sin was committed almost immediately and God began the work of redemption (Gen_3:8-21) which still requires His time every day of the week.

Sinners can be saved any time they choose to come to God.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 279It was 2,513 years after God’s seventh-day sabbath when Israel was commanded to observe any particular day (Exo_16:23-29; Exo_20:8-11).

19.  Jews proved the principle of doing good and performing essential duties on sabbaths by:

(1) Offering sacrifices (Num_28:9-10; 1Ch_9:32)(2) Caring for animals (Mat_12:11; Mar_2:27; Luk_13:15;

Luk_14:5)(3) Circumcising (Joh_7:22-23)(4) Other essential work (Mat_12:5)

20.  Sabbaths were types of eternal rest (Col_2:14-17; Heb_4:1-11; Heb_10:1).

21.  The Jewish sabbaths were abolished with the Mosaic law. 22.  Keeping the law and the sabbath was not required by the

apostles (Act_15:5-29; Rom_14:5-6; Gal_4:9-11; Col_2:14-17).

Ten Reasons Fourth Commandment Left Out1.  Neither God nor Christ made it a part of the new covenant.

If they had it would be somewhere in the New Testament as the other nine are.

2.  Of all the words of Jesus on earth only four references are made of the sabbath (Mat_12:8; Mat_24:20; Mar_2:27-28; Luk_6:5).

He merely taught that it was lawful to do good on this day and that no day is lord of man.

He did not once command any particular observance of any definite day.

3.  The old Jews sabbath was part of the contract between God and Israel and a token and sign of that covenant (Exo_20:8-11; Exo_31:13-18; Eze_20:12-20).

The contract was not made with men before Moses (Deu_5:2-3), nor with Gentiles and the church (Rom_2:14; Deu_4:7-10). The sabbath was not for them.

4.  The fourth commandment was the only one of the ten that was a ceremonial, not a moral law. Its sole purpose was to commemorate the deliverance from Egyptian bondage when Israel had no rest (Deu_5:15).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 280It was only a type of future and eternal rest (Col_2:14-17; Heb_4:1-11; Heb_10:1).

It was natural for it to be left out of the new contract when the reality of rest came of which it was a shadow (Mat_11:28-29; Col_2:14-17).

The physical and spiritual benefits of a rest day can be realized on any other day as well as on Saturday.

5.  The fourth commandment was the only one that could degenerate into a mere form without affecting the morals of men.

All others concern moral obligations of men. It is the only one of the ten that could be done away with and still leave a moral law for men

6. God foretold and promised He would do away with the old Jewish sabbath (Hos_2:11; Isa_1:10-15).

7.  The prophets predicted that God would abolish the old and make a new covenant (Isa_42:6; Isa_49:8; Isa_59:21; Jer_31:13-40; Jer_32:37-44; Eze_36:24-38).

That is referred to in the New Testament is clear in Rom_11:25-29; Heb_8:8-12; Heb_10:16-18; Mat_26:28.

8.  In no passage is it stated that men should keep the Jewish sabbath to commemorate the old creation rest. It was to commemorate deliverance from Egypt (Deu_5:15).

This was what they were to "remember" (Exo_20:8).9.  It is the only commandment that could be and has been broken

without breaking a moral law. - Israel marched on that day (Num_33:3; Lev_23:5-11;

Jos_6:12-16); - Set up the tabernacle (Exo_40:1, Exo_40:17 with

Lev_23:5-11); - Searched Canaan (Num_13:25); - Made war (1Ki_20:29; 2Ki_3:9; Jos_6:12-16). - David and others broke it and were blameless (Mat_12:2-

5).10. The New Testament permits Christians to keep any day as the

sabbath, it being one of the doubtful things not covered by commandment in the new covenant (Rom_14:1-13; Gal_4:9-11; Col_2:14-17).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 281The day early Christians observed — not by commandment but by choice — was the first day, Sunday (Joh_20:1, Joh_20:19; Joh_20:7; 1Co_16:2).

Twenty-four Reasons Christians Observe the First Day:1.  Sabbaths in the law of Moses have been abolished.2.  The new covenant does not command any particular day to be

observed by Christians (Rom_14:5-6; Gal_4:9-11).3.  Christians are free to choose their own day of rest (Rom_14:5-

6).4.  They are commanded not to permit any man to judge them

regarding a sabbath (Col_2:14-17).5.  Rigid observance of days is rebuked by Paul (Gal_4:9-11).6.  Sabbaths are not named as requirements of the gospel

(Act_15:1-29).7.  Real and eternal rest is in Christ, not in a day (Mat_11:28-29;

Heb_4:1-16).8.  The fourth commandment (Exo_20:8-11) was left out of the

new covenant.9.  The Jewish sabbath commemorated deliverance from Egyptian

bondage in which Christians had no part (Deu_5:15).10.  Going under the law to observe a sabbath would obligate one

to keep the whole law of Moses (Gal_3:10-14; Gal_5:3, Gal_5:9-11; Jas_2:10).

11.  Rest and worship on Sunday serves the same purpose as on Saturday.

12.  Early Christians kept the first day of the week (Joh_20:1, Joh_20:19, Joh_20:26-29; Act_20:6-12; 2 Cor. 16:1-2).

13.  The Lord completed His redemptive work and His victory over death, hell, and the grave on Sunday, the first day.

14.  Christ’s special manifestations to His disciples after the resurrection were on the first day of the week (Mat_28:1-20; Mar_16:1-20; Luke 23-24; Joh_20:19, Joh_20:26).

15.  After the resurrection, no recognition was given by Christ or any apostle to the old Jewish seventh-day sabbath.

16.  The outpouring of the Holy Spirit was on the first day of the week, the day after seven Jewish sabbaths (Act_2:1).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 28217.  After Christ’s ascension, the first sermon was preached on

the first day, and the first conversions (about 3,000) took place on the first day (Act_2:1-42).

18.  The lack of warning by Christ or the apostles regarding it being sinful or "the mark of the beast" (as some teach) to observe the first day of the week shows it was acceptable as a day of rest and worship.

19.  Typology of the old covenant makes the first day of the week prominent.

The feasts of firstfruits and Pentecost were observed on the first day, as well as the feasts of unleavened bread and tabernacles (Lev_23:8-14, Lev_23:34-39).

20.  God honored the first day by giving the law on that day (Exo_19:1, Exo_19:3, Exo_19:11; Lev_23:5-6 with Exo_12:2-18).

21.  God honored many first days of the week in Israel (2Ch_7:10; 2Ch_29:17; Ezr_3:6; Neh_8:14-18; etc.).

22.  God honored the first day again by giving the book of Revelation on that day (Rev_1:10).

23.  The new covenant frees from such bondages of the old covenant as the death penalty for cooking, making fires, and performing other duties on a sabbath (Exo_16:23; Exo_20:8-10; Exo_31:15; Exo_35:2-5; Lev_23:3; Num_15:32).

24.  The New Testament never records a distinctive gathering of Christians on the Jewish sabbath. On the contrary, Christians gathered on Sunday, the first day of the week, which was called "the Lord’s day" (Rev_1:10; Joh_20:1, Joh_20:19; note, Act_20:7; 2 Cor. 16:2).

Of the 60 times the word "sabbath" is found in the New Testament, it is used 50 times BEFORE the new covenant was made. Of the remaining 10 times,

– 6 occurrences refer to Paul preaching to the Jews (at non-Christian gatherings) on Jewish sabbath days (Act_13:14, Act_13:42, Act_13:44; Act_17:1, Act_17:2; Act_18:4);

– 2 instances refer to the law of Moses being read by Jews in their synagogues on Jewish sabbaths (Act_13:27; Act_15:21);

– one place refers to Jewish travel as not more than a mile on

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 283the sabbath (Act_1:12); and

– one spot plainly says that all sabbaths were abolished (Col_2:14-17).

If there had been explicit commands to worship on any day, even the first day, it would have brought about the same bondage as the law of Moses. The higher ideals and principles of Christianity would have then been regulated to days and seasons which God promised to abolish (Isa_1:13; Hos_2:11) and did abolish (2Co_3:6-15; Gal_3:19-25; Gal_4:21-31; Gal_5:1-3; Eph_2:14-15; Col_2:14-17; Heb 6:20-10:18). Whereas Israel was obliged to commemorate freedom from bondage with a yoke of bondage which included the sabbath-keeping law, Christians are free to commemorate their freedom on any day they choose (Rom_14:5-6).

24] And they laid it up till the morning, as Moses bade: and it did not stink, neither was there any worm therein.

[it did not stink, neither was there any worm therein] If kept on any other morning it bred worms and stank.

Thus, miracles were done to preserve the manna on the 2,080 regular sabbaths, besides the miracles of raining manna the other 12,530 days of the 40 years.

25] And Moses said, Eat that to day; for to day is a sabbath unto the LORD: to day ye shall not find it in the field.

26] Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall be none.

27] And it came to pass, that there went out some of the people on the seventh day for to gather, and they found none.

28] And the LORD said unto Moses, How long refuse ye to keep my commandments and my laws?

[How long refuse ye to keep my commandments and my laws?]

God has certainly asked this question innumerable times in millenniums past.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 28429] See, for that the LORD hath given you the sabbath,

therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the bread of two days; abide ye every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.

30] So the people rested on the seventh day.31] And the house of Israel called the name thereof Manna:

and it was like coriander seed, white; and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey.

[like coriander seed, white; and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey] Six characteristics of manna:1. Small (Exo 16:14)2. Round (Exo 16:14)3. White (Exo 16:31)4. Sweet (Exo 16:31)5. Easily melted (Exo 16:21)6. Hard (Num 11:8)

32] And Moses said, This is the thing which the LORD commandeth, Fill an omer of it to be kept for your generations; that they may see the bread wherewith I have fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the land of Egypt.

[that they may see the bread wherewith I have fed you in the wilderness] It was to be preserved as a memorial for all generations (Exo 16:32-34).

33] And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a pot, and put an omer full of manna therein, and lay it up before the LORD, to be kept for your generations.

This pot of manna would eventually be placed and kept in the Ark of the Covenant. Aaron protected it until then.

[to be kept for your generations] The manna was to be kept throughout all generations.

The manna itself would have to be divinely preserved to last so long, because it was perishable enough to breed worms and stink

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 285in one ordinary day (Exo 16:20, Exo 16:24).

34] As the LORD commanded Moses, so Aaron laid it up before the Testimony, to be kept.

[The Testimony] – giving of evidence of something

This refers to the tabernacle of worship, especially the ark of the testimony (Exo 16:34; Exo 25:22; Exo 26:33-34; Exo 30:6, Exo 30:26; Exo 31:7; Exo 38:21; Exo 39:35; Exo 40:3, Exo 40:5, Exo 40:21; Num 4:5; Num 7:89; Jos 4:16).

The testimony here refers to the two tables of stone, the Ten Commandments - the sum of the whole law (Exo 25:16, Exo 25:21; Exo 31:18; Exo 32:15; Exo 34:29; Exo 40:20).

It was considered the old testament or covenant (2Co 3:6-15).

The tabernacle is called "the tabernacle of testimony" (Num 1:50-53; Num 10:11) and "the tent of the testimony" (Num 9:15).

The ark itself is also called the testimony because it contained the covenant (Exo 27:21; Exo 30:36; Lev 16:13; Num 17:4, Num 17:10).

Any covenant or word of God is called a testimony because it testifies of God’s revelation and provision of redemption in Christ (Psa 19:7; Psa 119:88; Psa 132:12; Isa 8:16, Isa 8:20; 2Co 1:6; 2Co 2:1; 2Ti 1:8; Rev 1:2, Rev 1:9; Rev 12:17; Rev 19:10).

The real tabernacle, ark, and testimony from which Moses made his are now in heaven (Heb 8:5; Heb 9:23; Rev 11:19; Rev 15:5).

Various parts of the Word of God are called testimonies (Deu 4:45; Deu 6:17, Deu 6:20; 1Ki 2:3; Psa 119:2, Psa 119:14, Psa 119:22, Psa 119:24, Psa 119:31, Psa 119:36, Psa 119:46, Psa 119:59, Psa 119:79, Psa 119:95, Psa 119:99, Psa 119:111, Psa 119:119, Psa 119:125, Psa 119:129, Psa 119:138, Psa 119:144, Psa 119:146, Psa 119:152, Psa 119:157, Psa 119:167, Psa 119:168).

Testimonies are distinguished from commandments (2Ki 23:3; 1Ch 29:19; 2Ch 34:31; Neh 9:34), His covenant (Psa 25:10), ordinances (Psa 99:7), and statutes (Jer 44:23).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 286All these are testimonies, but there are others besides these.

The ark and tabernacle were not yet made when the manna was put into the pot.

We must therefore believe that putting the manna before the testimony was after the ark was made; or believe there was some kind of tabernacle in Israel even before the one Moses patterned after heavenly things as he was instructed to do at Sinai.

Israel surely had such a place - even Adam and his sons had one (Gen 4:7 ‘sin lies at the door’); and Moses pitched a tabernacle outside the camp before he made the one at Sinai (Exo 33:7-11).

The one Sinai was not set up until the first month of the second year after leaving Egypt (Exo 40:2, Exo 40:17) and it was placed inside the camp (Num 2:1-34).

35] And the children of Israel did eat manna forty years, until they came to a land inhabited; they did eat manna, until they came unto the borders of the land of Canaan.

[forty years] Israel used manna for bread daily for forty years, but this was not all they had to eat, because all the meat of the sacrifices was eaten.

Milk and other foods are mentioned as being used in cooking (Exo 16:12, Exo 16:23; Exo 32:6; Lev 6:16; Lev 7:21; Num 9:2-14; Num 11:20; Deu 14:21).

[until they came unto the borders of the land of Canaan] Jos 5:12 Then the manna ceased on the day after they had

eaten the produce of the land; and the children of Israel no longer had manna, but they ate the food of the land of Canaan that year.

36] Now an omer is the tenth part of an ephah.Exodus 16:36[omer] This manna was a supernatural gift from God.

An omer is 6 pints, multiplied by about 2 million people (~6 million actually) is about 9 million pounds or 4500 tons a day or about 1 million tons annually (for 40 years)!

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 287A lot of stuff to try to explain scientifically...

[ephah] An ephah was five gallons (dry).

Manna Speaks of God’s WordManna is Bread to eat.Deu_8:3 not live by bread alone

Mat_4:4; Luk_4:4 When Satan is tempting Christ, “Thou shalt not live by bread alone, but by every word which proceeds from the mouth of God.”

A synonym for God’s Word is Bread. Jer 15:16; Rev 10: 9, 10.1) Supernatural gift: not product of the earth. 2) Came to where the people were...accessible.

As the people went out in the morning, they either had to gather it or trample it under foot.

3) Small in size. Num 11:6-9. No angles, no rough edges, complete, whole. Bible in pocket.

4) White = righteousness. Ps 119:40; Prov 30:5; Ps 12:6; Rev 22:1. God’s Word is pure.

5) To be Eaten by each, not just admired. Ps 1; meditate day and night; a meal, not learning nor description, but to be eaten. Gather one’s own only, can’t get for another.

6) Gathered and eaten Daily (not weekly).7) In the morning.8) By labor! Diligence.9) By stooping (on knees?)10) Some more, some less (Exo 16:17).11) Must be used, not stored (Exo 16:19).12) Incomprehensible to natural man (Exo 16:15; 1 Cor 2:14).13) Mixed multitude despised it, Nu 11:4-6.

Analogous to the Tares and the Wheat in Matt 13.14) Preserved in Golden Pot; Heb 9:4.

We are to put God’s Word on a high plane, preserve it.

The Word of God, Jesus Christ

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 288

Joh_1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.Luk_24:27 And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He

expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself.

Joh_5:39 You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me.

God’s Word, in an ultimate sense, is Jesus Christ, one of His titles even being ‘The Word of God.’ Ps 40:7; John 5:39; John 6:32,33 (22-52). The giving of Jesus Christ to us in contrast to the manna:1) Occasion: murmurings. Rom 1:21-23.2) Place given: Wilderness of Sin (homeless: manger thru

borrowed grave.)3) Glory: first mention of Glory of Lord (Exo 16:7 and John 1:14;

2 Cor 4:6).4) From Heaven; Eph 4:10; 1 Cor 15:48.5) Free Gift (Exo 16:15).6) To Israel (Exo 16:4); sheep not goats (John 10:11; Matt 1:21).

For the Elect only: Manna only on Israel, it did not fall in or on Egypt.

7) To where they were (Exo 16:13,14) = gathered or trodden under foot.

8) Each individual (Exo 16:16), no proxys here.9) Daily need. (‘Give us this day...’ Mat 6:11)10) By appetite.11) Despised by others. Isa 53.12) Upon dew, not dust! Nu 11:9.

Dew suggestive of water which is Levitically suggestive of the Holy Spirit.

The natural man is of the dust.13) White. 2 Cor 5:21; Heb 4:15; 1 Pet 2:22; Heb 7:26; 1 Pet

1:19.14) Sweet to taste; SoS 2:3; Ps 104:34.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 28915) Ground and baked: Nu 11:8.16) Preserved on Sabbath; Ps 16:10.17) Laid up before the Lord; Heb 9:24.18) Angel’s food; Ps 78:25.19) Given in the night.20) Now hidden; Rev 2:17. vs Bread in Tabernacle.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 290

Exodus 17Water from the Rock1] And all the congregation of the children of Israel

journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, after their journeys, according to the commandment of the LORD, and pitched in Rephidim: and there was no water for the people to drink.

“And” - is a connective. No sooner do we finish one episode that another one starts.

[pitched in Rephidim] Two camping sites are omitted here. Compare Exo 16:1 with Num 33:12-14.

2] Wherefore the people did chide with Moses, and said, Give us water that we may drink. And Moses said unto them, Why chide ye with me? wherefore do ye tempt the LORD?

[chide with Moses, and said, Give us water that me may drink.]

H7378 רוב / ריב rıyb / rub to strive, contend, fight, to make complaint, to quarrel

Fifth of twelve complaints of Israel (Exo 5:19, refs.).

Since God was leading and guiding them in the pillar of fire and cloud, He was responsible for this camp site.

Since Moses was their intercessor with God and God through him had acted in their behalf in the past, they demanded water from Moses.

[wherefore do ye tempt the LORD?] God was bringing them here to test them, because He Himself knew what He would do for water (Exo 17:6).

3] And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?

[Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 291No reply to the people: 1 Pet 2:23.Moses warned them not to test God (Exo 17:2), then he cried to

Him himself to know what to do with such people (Exo 17:4).

4] And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying, What shall I do unto this people? they be almost ready to stone me.

[they be almost ready to stone me] Nine stonings in Scripture:1. The blasphemer (Lev 24:11-23)2. The sabbath-breaker (Num 15:36)3. Achan and family (Jos 7:25)4. Abimelech (Jdg 9:53)5. Adoram (1Ki 12:18)6. Naboth (1Ki 21:13-15)7. Zechariah (2Ch 24:21)8. Stephen (Act 7:58-59)9. Paul (Act 14:5, Act 14:19; 2Co 11:25)

Moses appears to be beginning to be fed up with the people. Remember he didn’t want to go in the first place.

Perhaps he began to long for the good old days tending sheep rather than people in the wilderness.

5] And the LORD said unto Moses, Go on before the people, and take with thee For of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thine hand, and go.

[rod] Moses had evidently been carrying this rod daily.

The last time he used it was to part the Red Sea (Exo 14:16).

6] Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.

[rock] The rock was a type of Christ (2Co 10:4; cp. Deu 32:4, Deu 32:15, Deu 32:18, Deu 32:31, Deu 32:37; 1Sa 22:2,47; Psa 18:2; Psa 27:5; Psa 62:6-7; Isa 32:2).

[Horeb] Travelers have described what is believed to be the rock

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 292struck by Moses.

It is a vast block of granite, 15 ft. long,10 ft. broad, and 12 ft. high.

It has holes and channels which could have been formed only by the bursting and running out of water.

The rock that Moses struck supplied water for perhaps 6,000,000 people or more and their stock.

The flow then ceased and had to be started again by another miracle at a later date (Num 20:8-11).

[sight of the elders of Israel] It made no difference how much unbelief was present, God was not limited by it.

Men who work miracles by God should not be hindered or defeated by similar conditions.

Christ performed His miracles in the presence of many unbelievers who gathered with the throngs to hear Him.

7] And he called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the chiding of the children of Israel, and because they tempted the LORD, saying, Is the LORD among us, or not?

[Massah] Meaning temptation, or tempting God.

[Meribah] Meaning strife, because of the striving with Moses for water (Exo 17:2-4, Exo 17:7).

[Is the LORD among us, or not?] Asking a question like this in view of the many miracles God had performed to prove He was in their midst, and after seeing the daily manifestation of God in the fire and cloud and other ways, was provoking to say the least.

Such unbelief would lead Israel to fall from God’s grace and be cut off (Num 14:1-35; Jud 1:5).

Path of faith is a path of trial. You can’t place your confidence in God until you need to do so…

The Lord lead them to where there was no water, so that He could show them His source of water, for an important lesson.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 293Notice that they represent our hearts also. It is intrinsic in our nature to distrust God.

Rock1 Cor 10:1-4; Deut 32:15 (Rock of Salvation); 2 Sam 22:2 (Lord is rock of his defense); Ps 95:1 (Rock of Salvation);Isa 32:2 (water from rock); Matt 16:18 (upon this rock)...

Jesus is the rock? Jesus Christ.

Mat 21:44 And whoever falls on this stone will be broken; but on whomever it falls, it will grind him to powder." (shattered by it).

The Rock was smitten; Isa 53:45.

The water (Holy Spirit) does not come until the rock is smitten! The rod speaks of judgment.

Notice verse Exo 17:6, God will stand on the rock.

God can stand on the basis of Jesus Christ to free us from sin.

Holy Spirit is “poured out” (Acts 2:18; John 7:37, 38, 39).

Ps 105:41, 42 (remembered promise to Abraham). Cf. Titus 1:1,2 (promises were given before world began)

Heb 13:20 (Everlasting Covenant).

“All” : 1 Cor 1:4 vs Rom 8:5.

Numbers 20: the second time water comes from a rock.

Note this is not the same rod, this is Aaron’s rod, Moses is to speak to the rock, not to smite the rock.

Num 20:12, because of the way that Moses handled this situation, he was not allowed to enter the Promised Land!

The Lord said to speak to the rock, the Lord had a lesson set up to teach Israel.

The first time the Rock was smitten just as Jesus was at His first coming when He came as our sacrifice.

This second time the Rock was not to be stricken because at Jesus 2nd coming, He comes as King and Conqueror – Lord of Lords

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 294Moses gave the people the impression that God was angry, he failed to be a faithful witness.

Secondly, he didn’t follow directions, he beat the rock.

Because of that breech of faith, he was not faithful, his fidelity in communicating God’s intent was not faithful to God’s intention.

He ruined the object lesson God intended to demonstrate.

The word for “rock” here in Numbers is not the same word for “rock” in Exodus 17, it is the word for an elevated rock.

He was to speak to the elevated rock and the waters would flow, not strike it again. Even here when Moses struck it he struck it twice.

Christ was smitten once: Rom 6:9, 10; Heb 9:26, 28.

God was setting up a model for our instruction. The first time Moses was to strike the rock. The second time Moses was to speak to it.

It would have been the perfect model, as Christ was smitten only once.

But because Moses did not do exactly as God had told him to, Moses in his anger and pride blew the model even taking credit for God’s miracle.

If he had been faithful to God’s instruction, we would have had the perfect model, seeing the second time Christ elevated, our rock, whom we speak to and the waters (Holy Spirit) flow.

Moses’ disobedience not only misrepresented God to the people, but he also messed up the model which God was setting up for our instruction.

What is encouraging is that even though Moses blew it, and hit the rock, the water flowed anyway.

God is not limited by our clumsiness, or unfaithfulness of his servants.

Amalek8] Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim.Amalek attacked the weak and faint people at the hindmost part of

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 295the camp to plunder and take a spoil.

For this cowardly attack God cut this people off (Exo 17:8, Exo 17:14; Deu 25:17-19).

Gen 36:12 The Amalek here was not the father of the Amalekites of Gen_14:7 who were of the giant races (Num_13:29; Num_14:39-45) and among "the first of the nations" (Num_24:20). The Edomite Amalekites were always separate from the giants; but like the giants they were to be exterminated, for they were enemies of Israel (Exo_17:8-16; Deu_25:17-19; Jdg_3:13; Jdg_5:14; Jdg_6:3-5; Jdg_12:15; 1Sa_15:1-9; 1Sa_27:8; 1Sa_30:1; 1Ch_4:41-43; Psa_83:7).

9] And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose us out men, and go out, fight with Amalek: to morrow I will stand on the top of the hill with the rod of God in mine hand.

[rod of God] The rod of God was used in many miracles.

Here it had a new role - giving victory in war.

10] So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill.

[Hur] was the son of Caleb of Judah (1Ch 2:19-20).

He was closely associated with Moses and Aaron (Exo 17:10-12; Exo 24:14; Exo 31:2; Exo 35:30; Exo 38:22).

Josephus and the rabbis say he was the brother-in-law of Moses and Aaron, having married Miriam.

11] And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed.

[when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed] When Moses held the rod of God up Israel prevailed, hence, the support of his hands (Exo 17:11-13).

Holding a shepherd’s staff above your head for a long time is difficult for a young man. How much more for an 80+ year old man.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 29612] But Moses’ hands were heavy; and they took a stone,

and put it under him, and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun.

13] And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword.

14] And the LORD said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.

[Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua]

Two Objections to Mosaic Authorship1.  That the arts of writing and literary composition were not

sufficiently advanced to produce the Pentateuch in Moses’ day.

There is abundant testimony from the monuments of written records at the time of Moses.

The Tel el-Amarna of Egypt and the Babylonian tablets of the reign of Hammurabi (Amraphel of Gen 14:1-24) prove there was writing in the days of Abraham, over 500 years BEFORE Moses wrote!

The well-known code of Hammurabi contains 282 sections and about 8,000 words; its laws regulated all phases of human life in Abraham’s time.

Writing was well developed in Moses’ day.

2.   That the Pentateuch implies a state of religious culture unknown in Moses’ day.

On the contrary, accounts of times long before Moses show the same religious culture as at the time of Moses.

This is proven by the record of Genesis beginning with Abel (Gen 4:1-26), Noah (Gen 8:1-22), Abraham (Gen 12:1-20), and others (Heb 11:1-40).

See Dates Notes for Sixteen Proofs that Moses Wrote the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 297Pentateuch.

[I will utterly put put the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven] This has been fulfilled.

Today there are no people called "the Amalekites."

15] And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovah-nissi:

[Jehovah-nissi] This means "The Lord Our Banner." See

Sixteen Jehovah Titles . "Lord God" in Gen_2:4 is Jehovah (H3069) ’Elohiym (H430). This is the first of hundreds of occurrences of this title.

It means the self-existent or Eternal Creator, the ’Elohiym in covenant relationship with His people. Jehovah really means the Eternal, the Immutable One, He who was, and is, and is to come (Gen_21:33; Exo_3:13-14; Exo_6:3; Psa_83:18; Isa_12:2; Isa_26:4; Rev_1:4).

The name Jehovah is combined with other words which form what we know as the Jehovah titles:1.  Jehovah-Elohiym - the Eternal Creator (Gen_2:4-25)2.  Adonai-Jehovah - the Lord our Sovereign; Master Jehovah

(Gen_15:2, Gen_15:8)3.  Jehovah-Jireh - the Lord will see or provide (Gen_22:8-14)4.  Jehovah-Nissi - the Lord our banner (Exo_17:15)5.  Jehovah-Rapha - the Lord our healer (Exo_15:26)6.  Jehovah-Shalom - the Lord our peace (Jdg_6:24)7.  Jehovah-Tsidqenuw - the Lord our righteousness (Jer_23:6;

Jer_33:16)8.  Jehovah-Mekaddishkem - the Lord our sanctifier

(Exo_31:13; Lev_20:8; Lev_21:8; Lev_22:9, Lev_22:16, Lev_22:32; Eze_20:12)

9.  Jehovah-Sabaoth - the Lord of hosts (1Sa_1:3; etc., 284 times)

10.  Jehovah-Shammah - the Lord is present (Eze_48:35)11.  Jehovah-Elyown - the Lord Most High (Psa_7:17;

Psa_47:2; Psa_97:9)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 29812.  Jehovah-Rohi - the Lord my Shepherd (Psa_23:1)13.  Jehovah-Hoseenu - the Lord our Maker (Psa_95:6)14.  Jehovah-Eloheenu - the Lord our God (Psa_99:5,

Psa_99:8, Psa_99:9)15.  Jehovah-Eloheka - the Lord thy God (Exo_20:2, Exo_20:5,

Exo_20:7)16.  Jehovah-Elohay - the Lord my God (Zec_14:5)

16] For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.

[war with Amalek from generation to generation] This was war carried on by:

Ehud (Jdg 3:13-15); Barak (Jdg 5:15); Gideon (Jdg 6:3); Saul (1Sa 15:1-35); Samuel (1Sa 15:32-33); David (1Sa 27:8; 1Sa 30:1-17; 2Sa 8:12); and completed by Simeonites in the days of Hezekiah (1Ch 4:42-

43).

Joshua leads the battle, and as long as Moses keeps his hands up, they win the battle. Look at Deut 25:17-18; Ex 17:14.

This is Israel’s first fight.

“Amalek” means warlike (1 Pet 2:11).

Amalek was the grandson of Esau (Gen 36:12). Amalek tried to have Balaam curse Israel (Nu 24:20), Amalek was the first of nations, but his latter end shall be that

he perish forever. He feared not God (Deut 25:17, 18).

Amalek’s destiny is to be destroyed.

What happens on high impacts what happens below Israel Defeats Amalek Intercession of Aaron and Hur Exo

17:8-16 Daniel – Daniel prays and God answers, Satan interferes Dan

9:20-23 Dan 10:2-3 Dan 10:11-14

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 299 Job - God allows Satan to test Job Job 1:6-12 Job 2:1-7Flesh verses SpiritAmalek starts to speak to us of the two natures that we have: flesh and spirit.

This is the first occasion of fighting, the Law of First Mention, the first place where something is mentioned is often very significant spiritually.

In Israel’s history, there is no record of fighting while they were in Egypt. Egypt fought but there is no record of a Hebrew war.

Now they are out of Egypt, they didn’t even fight at their deliverance!

Nowhere in the scripture do we find that God changes our heart, the Scripture teaches that ‘our hearts are incurably wicked’ (Jer 17:11).

God creates a new creature (1 Cor 5:17-21; Jn 3:5,6; 1 Jn 3:9).

We are born of the water and the spirit Eph 5:26, Ex 17:1-7Israel received their water from the rock!

In the first part of Exodus 17, Israel receives their water from the rock, and verse 8 notes, that then came Amalek, ...

The water was critical (Gen 21:25; 26:19,20; Ex 2:17; Num 20:19; Judges 5:11).

The possession of water or a well was critical.

They find water in a new source capable of supporting 600,000 fighting age men, their families and possessions and Amalek came to fight with them.

Scripture doesn’t say it but it was presumably to control the water source.

(Amelek didn’t understand the source was God and that when Israel left it, it dried up.)

You typically don’t have any personal spirit / flesh conflict of consequence before you have the Spirit of calling and dealing with you. The flesh does not fight with those that it rules.

Israel did not have to fight in Egypt, because the Lord was doing the deliverance, but they also did not have the water - the spirit.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 300From here on however it is warfare all the way, of all kinds.

Is there an analogy between this and the warfare between the flesh and spirit? The flesh picks the fights

Gal 5:17 For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one another, so that you do not do the things that you wish.

In Genesis we see Abraham who has 2 sons:Ishmael (born of the flesh) and Isaac (born of the spirit; Gal 4:22).

Ishmael mocked Isaac (Gen 21:9); persecution (Gal 4:29); the conflict between flesh and spirit.

Another example of this dual nature:

“Jacob” vs. “Israel” (from Gen 32:28); Jacob was the flesh; Israel was the Spirit (Gen 33-49).

Jacob believed not (Gen 45:26) vs Israel in Gen 45:48, “It is enough.”

Gen 49:33; Jacob died. Gen 50:2; Israel embalmed, old nature not preserved.

How to Win the BattleOur conflict is within ourselves, with old ourselves.

God will not invade our sovereignty. (See our briefing package called, The Sovereignty of Man.)

We will win this conflict, when we give the conflict to the Lord to fight for us.

This battle with Amalek was won by Moses’ hands.

Moses has to go on high and hold up the rod of God, This is not a one time thing, he must continue to hold it up.

Two people that support him are: Aaron (which speaks of the priesthood and prayer); Hur (means “light,” suggests Holy Spirit, God’s Word;

Rom 8:26).

A balance between prayer and God’s Word!Hold hands up in Prayer: Ps 28:2; 1 Tim 2:8.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 301What did Joshua vanquish the Amalekites with?

His Sword. Heb 4:12, the Sword is a well established idiom for the Word of God.

Not by prayer alone, Ps 119:11,You need also the Word of God, your sword.

Warfare: Rom 6:11; 2 Tim 2:22; 1 Tim 6:12; 2 Tim 4:7; 1 Cor 9:26, 27.

We know that at the end Amalek is wiped out, Phil 3:21.

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Exodus 18This episode has a few subtle technical things that suggest it occurred after the giving of the 10 Commandments but is placed here as a parenthetical collection of things before we get into a major sequence.

Chapter 17 is at Rephidim, Chapter 19 at Sinai (3rd month) and

Chapter 18 is as they were about to leave Sinai (11 months later). Num 10:11; 12 (they actually leave the 20th day of the 2nd month of the 2nd year) and

It describes that Jethro (there Hobab) leaves at that time (v 29, 30). It is not that big of a deal.

Num 11:11-17; Moses establishes ranks, 70 elders...

Deut 1:6, 9, 13. Ex 18, already given the law (v 15,16).

Jethro Visits1] When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father in law,

heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, and that the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt;

[When ...]Chronology of Exo 18:1-27This chapter is parenthetical as far as Israel’s history is concerned. It belongs between Num 10:10 and Num 10:11 because:1. Israel was not yet camped at Sinai (Exo 19:1-2) but when

Jethro visited Moses they were already at Sinai (Exo 18:5).2. According to the chronology of Deu 1:6-15, Moses complained

of the heavy burden when Israel was ready to leave Sinai. This came from talks with Jethro (Exo 18:13-26; Num 11:10-18).

3. Jethro was still with Israel when they were leaving Sinai, and parted from them at that time to return to his own home (Exo 18:24-27; Num 10:11-36).

4. After leaving Sinai the complaint about Moses’ wife took place

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 303(Num 12:1-16), which was supposed to have been soon after Jethro left.

5. The visit of Jethro was after God had already given the laws of Israel as in Exodus 20-24 (Exo 18:16-26). Moses simply wanted to record this information about his family before his lengthy writing about the laws in Exodus 20-40.

[Jethro] See notes, Exo 2:15-22.

Jethro = Hobab is an equivalent name (Nu 10:31, 33). [father-in-law] chathan (H2859), "to give away in marriage; to

contract affinity by marriage."

Some commentators hold that Jethro was the "brother-in-law" of Moses because the Hebrew simply means "a relative by marriage."

All Bible statements indicate that Jethro (aka: Hobab) was the "father-in-law," because: "the priest of Midian had seven daughters," not seven sisters

(Exo 2:16), one of whom became the wife of Moses. They kept their father’s flock, not their brother’s (Exo 2:16). They came to their father (Exo 2:18); he said something to his daughters, not his sisters (Exo 2:20). Moses was content to dwell with the man, the father, not the

brother, of his wife (Exo 2:21). Moses kept the flock of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of

Midian (Exo 3:1); and Moses returned to his father-in-law (Exo 4:18). The same Jethro now brought the wife and sons of Moses to him (Exo 18:1-27).

Zipporah2] Then Jethro, Moses’ father in law, took Zipporah, Moses’

wife, after he had sent her back,[after he had sent her back] vvThis is the divine comment on

what happened after Exo 4:24-26. [The circumcision controversy]

Whether to protect his family from what they would face in

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 304Egypt, or whether he thought his wife would hinder his work, we know only that Moses sent her home.

Perhaps he planned to reunite with them here after delivering Israel.

Moses was to circumcise the child and Zipporah resisted, it became an issue of death.

Zipporah is a type of Israel (not the church because she is married and leaves him; Col 1:26, 27; Eph 3:1-12). Isa 54:4-8; Jer 31:32; Hos 2:2.

Israel the wife of Jehovah, was unfaithful, adulterous, idolatrous and taken back.

Israel is also spoken of as being widowed, contrast to Mystery Babylon, Rev 18:7.

Zipporah (a Gentile, Midianite) is associated with failure under the Law, Ex 4:25.

She spoke of her husband as a husband of bloods; 1 Cor 1:23.

The fruit of her marriage is two sons:

Gershom (who is a stranger, alien) and

Eliezer (who is God’s helper).

The name for Eliezer is not given until now, after the spirit is given.

3] And her two sons; of which the name of the one was Gershom; for he said, I have been an alien in a strange land:

[Gershom] Gershom means a stranger (Exo 18:3; Exo 2:22; 1Ch 23:15-16; 1Ch 26:24).

4] And the name of the other was Eliezer; for the God of my father, said he, was mine help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh:

[Eliezer] Eliezer means God my helper (1Ch 23:15-17).

Ten other men in Scripture are so named, the servant of Abraham being the most prominent (Gen 15:2; Gen 24:1-67).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 305

5] And Jethro, Moses’ father in law, came with his sons and his wife unto Moses into the wilderness, where he encamped at the mount of God:

Zipporah and sons are brought by a gentile, Jethro (Isa 2:2,3; Rev 3:21).

He declines to stay (Num 10:27),

(Ps 18:43-45; Rev 20:7-9, Millennium?)..

[where he encamped at the mount of God] The time that this occurs is when Moses is the Lawgiver. The place is the Mount of God.

This proves Exo 18:1-27 is parenthetical, for Israel was already camped at Sinai; this did not happen until after leaving Rephidim (Exo 19:1-2).

6] And he said unto Moses, I thy father in law Jethro am come unto thee, and thy wife, and her two sons with her.

7] And Moses went out to meet his father in law, and did obeisance, and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they came into the tent.

8] And Moses told his father in law all that the LORD had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, and all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the LORD delivered them.

9] And Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which the LORD had done to Israel, whom he had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians.

Ten Traits of Jethro1. He was a religious man (Exo 2:16; Exo 3:1; Exo 18:1-12)2. He was a family man (Exo 2:16; Exo 18:1-7)3. He was a wealthy, unspoiled man (Exodus 2:16-3:1)4. He was an observing man (Exo 2:18; Exo 18:1-12)5. He was an hospitable man (Exo 2:20)6. He was an appreciative and understanding man (Exo 2:20;

Exo 18:1-12)7. He was a good businessman (Exo 2:21; Exo 18:1-12)8. He was a peace-loving man (Exo 4:18; Exo 18:1-12)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3069. He was a broad-minded and unselfish man (Exo 18:1-12)10. He was a wise man (Exo 18:13-27)

[rejoiced for all the goodness which the LORD had done to Israel] Three effects of God’s miracles upon Jethro:

1. They caused him to rejoice (Exo 18:9)2. They caused him to praise God (Exo 18:10)3. They caused him to acknowledge God as the only great and

true One (Exo 18:11)

10] And Jethro said, Blessed be the LORD, who hath delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh, who hath delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians.

11] Now I know that the LORD is greater than all gods: for in the thing wherein they dealt proudly he was above them.

12] And Jethro, Moses’ father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses’ father in law before God.

Exodus 18:12[burnt offering] Burnt offerings were made to God from the

earliest times, as a token of faith in the coming Redeemer (Gen 4:1-8; Gen 8:20; Gen 22:2-13; Exo 10:25).

Every act of Jethro seems to indicate that he was a true believer in God.

As Abraham’s descendant, he was surely taught from childhood what and how to sacrifice (Gen 25:1-6).

[sacrifices] Sacrifices are often distinguished from burnt offerings, though burnt offerings were also sacrifices (Exo 20:24; Lev 1:3-17). Sacrifices were not all burnt offerings; some were poured out and others eaten.

Anything offered to God is a sacrifice: firstborn sons (Exo 13:15); praise (Psa 107:22; Psa 116:17; Heb 13:15); a broken and contrite heart and spirit (Psa 51:17);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 307the offering of Christ on the cross (2Co 5:7); and many other kinds as well.

[elders of Israel] Leaders of tribes and armies of Israel (Exo 3:16, Exo 3:18; Exo 4:29; Exo 12:21; Exo 17:5-6,24-25; Deu 5:23; Deu 21:2-6).

13] And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening.

[judge the people] Hear differences and give instruction to the people (Exo 18:15-16).

[people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening] This was why Jethro suggested lower and higher courts (Exo 18:14-27).

14] And when Moses’ father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto even?

[What is this thing that thou doest to the people? Why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto even?]

15] And Moses said unto his father in law, Because the people come unto me to enquire of God:

16] When they have a matter, they come unto me; and I judge between one and another, and I do make them know the statutes of God, and his laws.

17] And Moses’ father in law said unto him, The thing that thou doest is not good.

18] Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee: for this thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone.

19] Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God shall be with thee: Be thou for the people to God-ward, that thou mayest bring the causes unto God:

[I will give thee counsel] Notice that Moses was counseled by

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 308Jethro, who in a spiritual sense is a foreigner.

But all of Jethro’s actions would indicate he is a believer in God also being descended from Abramham.

Psa 1:1 Blessed is the man Who walks not in the counsel of the ungodly, Nor stands in the path of sinners, Nor sits in the seat of the scornful;

God later organizes it the way He wants it, 70 elders, etc. God takes care of it in His own way, in His own time.

The sevenfold advice of Jethro:1. Let Moses act as mediator between God and the people (Exo

18:19).2. Instruct all the people in all the ordinances and laws (Exo

18:20).3. Show the people the true way to walk before God and man

(Exo 18:20).4. Show them the work they must do.5. Appoint able leaders as rulers of thousands, hundreds, fifties,

tens (Exo 18:21).6. Establish a lower court - let the leaders judge all the small

matters (Exo 18:22).7. Establish a supreme court - let Moses judge serious cases

(Exo 18:22, Exo 18:26). [Sanhedrin]

20] And thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws, and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do.

21] Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens:

[able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness]

Fourfold qualification of leaders:1. Let them be able, capable men.2. God-fearing men, truly religious.3. Truthful men, honest and just.4. Men who hate covetousness, doing all things for God’s sake

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 309and the love of man; laboring to promote the best public good so as to inspire others to live upright lives.

These qualifications are needed for any special work.

[rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens] H ow Israel was organized before this is not stated in Scripture.

They clearly had some form of organization before this Exo 17:9-13.

22] And let them judge the people at all seasons: and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge: so shall it be easier for thyself, and they shall bear the burden with thee.

23] If thou shalt do this thing, and God command thee so, then thou shalt be able to endure, and all this people shall also go to their place in peace.

[God command thee so] Jethro advised Moses to put God’s will in this plan.

24] So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father in law, and did all that he had said.

[hearkened to the voice of his father in law, and did all that he had said]

Moses did get God’s will, as is clear from Num 11:17.

The seventy elders were the general leaders, and there were other officers over tens, fifties, hundreds, and thousands (Exo 18:25).

25] And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.

26] And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 31027] And Moses let his father in law depart; and he went his

way into his own land.[let his father in law depart] As indicated in Num 10:29-32 ,

Moses reluctantly let Jethro go home.

Moses loved his family and was faithful in all his house (Heb 3:2).

Yet Moses ruled so unselfishly that he made no special provision for his own sons in Israel.

No people ever had a better ruler - sacred or civil.

No history records a leader more consecrated or more devoted to the highest good of the whole nation than Moses.

This fact should refute any who charge a human origin of his laws, or hypocrisy in his faith.

Moses was above reproach in all his dealings.

There was no carnal interest to serve; no self-gratification to enslave; no effort for personal gain.

He never sought worldly and selfish honor for himself, his relatives, or his friends.

His life was spotless, except for one act of disobedience which was due to his frustration with and the constant provocation of the people.

For this, Moses was kept out of the promised land (Num 20:1-29).

Moses was truly a man of God!

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Exodus 19Israel at Sinai1] In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone

forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai.

[same day]Fifty Days from the Exodus to PentecostThis may mean the same day the third month began, meaning the first day of the third month - Sivan, or May.

The Septuagint, the Berkeley, and some other versions read: "On the first day of the third month."

This would make the day of the giving of the law the fiftieth (Pentecost) after Israel left Egypt on the fifteenth day of the first month (Num 33:3).

The day of Pentecost was after seven sabbaths (forty-nine days) were completed, or the fiftieth day after the sabbath after the passover (Lev 23:11, Lev 23:15-16).

Thus, counting fifty days from the sixteenth day of the first month, the law was given on Pentecost:

1. Israel left Egypt the fifteenth of April, on the sabbath (Num 33:3).

The sixteenth began the fifty days to Pentecost.

The sixteenth of the first month to and including the first day of the third month would be forty-six days (Exo 19:1).

2. Moses went up into the mount the next day after camping in the mount, or on the second day of the third month (Exo 19:3-9).

3. The law was given the third day of the three days of sanctifying Israel (Exo 19:10-15).

These three days were the third, fourth, and fifth of the third month.

The forty-six days, the day in the mount, and the three days of sanctification make fifty days, the fiftieth being the day the law

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 312was given.

2] For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped before the mount.

Promise (of Bush) fulfilled; Ex 3:12.

None perished in 2 months: wilderness of Etham and Sin.

3] And Moses went up unto God, and the LORD called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel;

[Moses went up unto God] First ascent of the mountain to meet with God

Eight ascents and descents of Moses:1. Ascent (Exo 19:3-6); descent (Exo 19:7-8)2. Ascent (Exo 19:8-13); descent (Exo 19:14-19)3. Ascent (Exo 19:20-24); descent (Exo 19:25)4. Ascent (Exo 20:21); descent (Exo 24:3)5. Ascent and descent (Exo 24:9-11)6. Ascent (the first forty days on the mountain, Exodus 24:12-

32:14; Deu 9:9); descent (Exo 32:15-30)7. Ascent (Exo 32:30-33); descent (Exo 32:24)8. Ascent (the second forty days on the mountain, Exo 34:1-28;

Deu 10:10); descent (Exo 34:29)

Making the Tabernacle (Exodus 35:4-40:35) was the last thing done (or at least recorded) in Exodus.

It was after the eight ascents and descents.

Moses received the pattern of the tabernacle on Mt. Sinai and brought down the plan and specifications for the various workers to construct it and make all the furnishings (Heb 8:5; Heb 9:23).

[LORD called] "Jehovah called," only appears here.

Compare ’Elohiym (H430) called, Exo 3:4.

[the house of Jacob ... the children of Israel] Both terms used of the same people.

All thirteen tribes are of Israel, of Jacob, of Isaac, of Abraham;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 313and are Jews, Israelites, and Hebrews.

4] Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles’ wings, and brought you unto myself.Israel had seen three things:1. What I did to the Egyptians.2. How I bore you on eagles’ wings.3. How I brought you to Myself.

[eagles’ wings] Deu 28:49; Deu 32:11; Job 39:27; Isa 40:31.“Eagle’s wings” - here used this expression figuratively

because we have just read the details of their exodus.

[brought you unto myself] He has brought them out of Egypt “unto Himself.”

This is the beginning of the nation Israel, actually it is Passover which officially starts the nation.

We have seen their redemption for Egypt. Now they are gathered, and this starts the beginning.

5] Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth is mine:

Prior to this God dealt with a gentile man He chose out of all the earth, made covenants with him, multiplied his offspring, and brought them to Himself at Sinai using the man Moses.

From this point on, God is not dealing with the offspring of a gentile but His own chosen people – the nation of Hebrews – Israel.

Two conditions of blessing:1. If you will obey My voice,2. If you will keep My covenant,

[then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people]

Three blessings, if conditions are met:1. You shall be a peculiar treasure to Me above all people on

earth (Deu 7:6; Deu 14:2; Deu 26:18; Psa 135:4; Mal

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3143:17; 1Pe 2:9).

2. A kingdom of priests (Exo 19:6; 1Pe 2:9). Israel was to be a nation of priests to all other nations, like Levi to the rest of Israel.

3. A holy nation (Exo 19:6; 1Pe 2:9).

These things will be literally true in the Millennium (Isa 2:1-4; Isa 61:6; Isa 62:12; Isa 66:19-21; Zec 8:23; Zec 14:16-21).

[all the earth is mine] Psa 24:1; Psa 50:12

6] And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.

7] And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him.

[Moses came] First descent of Moses

8] And all the people answered together, and said, All that the LORD hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people unto the LORD.

[Moses returned] Second ascent of Moses

Israel promised to accept the whole covenant and obey its commands (Exo 24:3, Exo 24:7).

9] And the LORD said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and believe thee for ever. And Moses told the words of the people unto the LORD.

[I come unto thee in a thick cloud] God desired to come down in their sight covered by a thick cloud, warning that if any man or beast touched the mount he would be killed.

God wanted to meet with the nation personally.

Moses got new orders to prepare Israel to approach God and hear His voice (Exo 19:9-13).

[that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and believe thee forever] God’s audible voice was to convince the people Moses was divinely sent and was not doing miracles through

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 315sorcery.

Note the effect of hearing His voice (Exo 19:18-22; Deu 4:11-13, Deu 4:36; Deu 5:5, Deu 5:22-29; Heb 12:18-21).

10] And the LORD said unto Moses, Go unto the people, and sanctify them to day and to morrow, and let them wash their clothes,

[Go unto the people ...]Eight Commands to Moses Regarding Israel1. Go down to Israel (Exo 19:10)2. Sanctify them for three days (Exo 19:10-11)3. Command them to wash their clothes4. Have them ready the third day (Exo 19:10-11, Exo 19:15)5. Set bounds around the mount so that they may not come too

close (Exo 19:12)6. Permit no person or beast to go up into the mount or touch it

(Exo 19:12-13)7. When the trumpet sounds loud have them draw near the mount

(Exo 19:13)8. They are not to have relations with their wives (Exo 19:15)

[sanctify them to day and tomorrow, and let them wash their clothes] In this passage on sanctification (as in Exo 13:2; Gen 2:3) the meaning is not cleansing from sin or removal of what is called "the old man" but simply setting apart for God.

This sanctification was for three days only, to hear God’s voice and receive the law (Exo 19:10-11, Exo 19:14-15).

Moses sanctified the people on this occasion, so there was no moral cleansing involved (Exo 19:14). Even the mount was sanctified. Priests sanctified themselves (Exo 19:22).

See The Doctrine of Sanctification

11] And be ready against the third day: for the third day the LORD will come down in the sight of all the people upon mount Sinai.

[in the sight of all the people] They were to see and hear but not touch (Exo 19:16; Heb 12:18-21).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 316

12] And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it: whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death:

This is an amplification of the burning bush incident.

There is something special about the Lord’s presence that changes and sets apart the place where He is.

Joh 14:15-21 Joh 16:4-15 Heb_13:5“Holy Ground” - not to touch, penalty of death.

13] There shall not an hand touch it, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through; whether it be beast or man, it shall not live: when the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount.

[stoned, or shot through] The method of execution was stoning or being shot with an arrow (Heb 12:20).

14] And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes.

[Moses went down] Second descent of Moses

[washed their clothes] According to Jewish custom bathing always accompanied washing clothes.

Both were considered necessary in order to meet Jehovah (cp. Lev 14:8-9, Lev 14:47; Lev 15:5-27; Lev 16:4, Lev 16:24-28; Lev 17:15-16; Lev 22:6; Num 8:7; Num 19:7-21; Num 31:24; Deu 23:11).

15] And he said unto the people, Be ready against the third day: come not at your wives.

[come not at your wives] Husbands and wives were to abstain from sexual relationship for 3 days (cp. 2Co 7:5) in anticipation of meeting with God

16] And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 317upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that was in the camp trembled.

[in the morning] This must have been at daybreak, for activity began early in the morning.

This term occurs 33 times in Scripture.

"Early on the morrow," "dawning of the day," "rose up early," and other similar terms and phrases occur 37 times.

[thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud]

Four things caused Israel to tremble:1. Thunders2. Lightnings3. A thick cloud4. A loud trumpet

Thunders, lighting, smoke, and a trumpet - exactly the elements which we see in Revelation when we are before the throne of God there.

Rev 4:5 And from the throne proceeded lightnings, thunderings, and voices. Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.

17] And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount.

[Moses brought forth the people] Moses personally led them out of the camp and showed them the bounds they were not to cross (Exo 19:12-13, Exo 19:17, Exo 19:21, Exo 19:23-24).

[out of the camp]Seven Things "Without the Camp"1. God’s meeting with Israel (Exo 19:17).2. The first tabernacle (not the one Moses made at Sinai), all

sacrifices, and worship (Exo 29:14; Exo 33:7-11; Lev 4:12, Lev 4:21; Lev 6:11; Lev 8:17; Lev 9:11; Lev 10:4-5; Lev 16:23-28; Heb 13:11).

3. The slaying of sacrifices (Num 19:3, Num 19:9).4. Lepers (Lev 13:45-46; Lev 14:3, Lev 14:8; Num 5:2-4; Num

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 31812:14-15).

5. Executions (Num 15:35-36).6. Purifications of persons (Num 31:23-24; Deu 23:10-11).7. Christ’s own sacrifice (Heb 13:13).

[and they stood at the nether part of the mount]Fourteen Cases of Worship While Standing1. Abraham in the presence of God (Gen 18:22; Gen 19:27)2. Israel in the presence of God at Sinai (Exo 19:17)3. Moses in the presence of God on Sinai (Exo 34:5)4. Israel in the presence of God at Sinai (Lev 9:5)5. Israel in the presence of Ezra (Neh 8:4-9:4)6. Multitudes in the presence of Christ (Mat 13:2)7. Christ standing to read (Luk 4:16)8. Multitudes in the plain (Luk 6:17)9. The sinful woman in the presence of Jesus (Luk 7:38)10. Pharisee and the publican (Luk 18:11)11. The redeemed in the presence of God in heaven (Rev 7:9)12. Angels in the presence of God (Rev 7:11)13. Angels at the altar in heaven (Rev 8:3)14. The 144,000 in heaven (Rev 14:1)

Bowing / Prostration in Worship Exo_34:8; 2Ch_20:18; Gen_17:3; Mar_3:11

18] And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

This explains Exo 19:9. Compare Exo 19:16.

19] And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice.

[voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder] Who but God or an angel could blow a trumpet so long and loud!

[God answered him by a voice] This explains how messages were given to Moses.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 31920] And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top

of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up.

[the LORD came down upon mount Sinai]God personally descended to the mount, either from the pillar of

fire and cloud or from heaven itself, as He came down to Adam (Gen 3:8-19); Babel (Gen 11:5); Abraham (Gen 18:1-8, Gen 18:33); Israel (Exo 14:24-25) and others.

[Moses went up] Third ascent of Moses

21] And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish.

Seven New Commands to Moses1. Go down to the people (Exo 19:21).2. Charge the people not to break through the fire and smoke to

gaze upon Me, lest they perish.3. Charge the priests also not to break through to gaze upon Me

(Exo 19:22).4. Charge the priests to sanctify themselves in obedience.5. Hurry and get down to the people before they break through to

Me and be destroyed (Exo 19:24).6. Come back up.7. Bring Aaron up with you.

22] And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them.

23] And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it.

[Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it] This was done as in Exo 19:9-13.

24] And the LORD said unto him, Away, get thee down, and thou shalt come up, thou, and Aaron with thee: but let not the priests and the people break through to come up unto the LORD, lest he break forth upon them.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 32025] So Moses went down unto the people, and spake unto

them.

[Moses went down] Third descent of Moses

DispensationsThere are some very useful outlines which attempt to show God’s dealings with man in 7 (or 8-9 dispensations if you count Creation as the 1st – of course man was present until the end of Day 6).

Dispensation 0) Divine fiat (Latin: Let it be so) Gen 1:1 - creation

Dispensation 1) Innocence - pre fall manGen 2:15-3:21 - the fall of man - tempted to know good

and evil as if gods.

Dispensation 2) Conscience - Gen 3:22-8:14 fallen Adam to the flood

Dispensation 3) Human government - Government of mankind by man - Gen 8:15-11:32 Noahic covenant to Babel

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 321Dispensation 4) Promise - Gen 12:1-Exo 12:37 call of

Abraham to Moses, a mediator - a man chosen by God; the nation Israel (Hebrews) established

Dispensation 5) Law - Exo 12:38-Mat 2:23. See Mat_11:10-13; Luk_16:16 Moses to Jesus resurrection – Sinai, Exo 19 to Act 1

Dispensation 6) Church (aka Dispensation of Grace [It is God’s grace at work throughout all time]) - Mat 3:1-Rev. 19:10 Jesus the mediator/sacrifice/priest for man with God

Dispensation 7) Kingdom - Rev. 19:11-20:15 (aka Dispensation of Divine Government) - the Millennium Jesus rules as King of Kings and Lord of Lords, 1000 years of peace, righteousness and security.

Dispensation 8)  Dispensation of the Redeemed and faithful Angels - Rev. 21-22

One of the traps into which you can fall is when we talk of the Dispensation of Grace which really should be call the Church Age

They were under the law, but the Old Testament saints saved by Grace.

There is a danger of looking at God’s basis with each group being materially different.

In some respects, God’s revelation and approach to mankind was different but grace is the basis for God’s dealing with man all the way through.

Joh 1:16-17 NKJV And of His fullness we have all received, and grace for grace. 17 For the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.

God dealt with the nation of Israel by obedience to His Law and the offering animal sacrifices to cover their sins. All looking forward to Messiah Jesus and His final sacrifice.

God Jesus once and for sacrifice of Sin, God deals with individuals on the basis of belief in Jesus and His sacrifice for us.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 322All of us are saved by one thing, the grace of God and through the application, either before the fact, or after the fact, of the blood of Jesus Christ. Jesus being our sacrifice for Sin once an for all.

This period which we are dealing with, speaking of Israel started at Passover (not the giving of the law). (Remember Acts 17:11.)

They were under Law, obedience to God’s commands as a basis for relationship with God, prior to the 10 commandments (Ex 20)?

See Exodus 15:25, 26, 23, 27.

Israel was being judged by the law obedience to God’s commands before the 10 commandments.

Abrahamic CovenantPrior to Egypt, the basis by which God was dealing with these people was based upon the Abrahamic Covenant (Gen 15).

Normally a covenant has 2 parties, I do something, you do something.

But this is a one party covenant, the party making the covenant is God Himself.

You will not be able to find any “condition” placed upon man by the covenant.

A Covenant is sealed by blood; Jer 34:18-19. In fact, the other party, Abraham was asleep when the covenant was made.

The covenant was (Gen 15:18 vs Gen 13:15) “given,” a completed task.

This covenant was the basis by which God was dealing with the people up until the Siniatic Covenant (the 10 commandments; see Ex 2:24; 6:3,4; Ps 105:41,42).

This was an unconditional covenant.

Siniatic CovenantIn Exodus 19:5, God is establishing a new covenant relationship, a conditional one, the word “if” appears.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 323Nowhere in Scripture can you find an “if” in respect to the Abrahamic Covenant, but we see it in this Siniatic covenant.

It is a conditional one.

The name of Abraham does not appear in Chapter 19.

This covenant is a two-party relationship,

God will do certain things, if you do certain things.

The basis of this covenant relationship is works.

The terms of this covenant can be seen in Ex 34:27,28 (Deut 4:13) and ratified in Deut 19:8; 24:3, 4-8.

On this basis Israel entered Canaan; Josh 7:11, 15

Jdg 2:19, 21): The sin of Achan was that he had transgressed the law, not the Abrahamic covenant.

(See also Solomon’s failure in 1 Kgs 11:11.)

This may be a shock because Gen 15 promises the land to Abraham unconditionally.

Since 1948 Israel has been in the land on the basis of the Abrahamic covenant, their claim is Gen 15.

The promise of Abraham is being fulfilled today; but the basis for their entering Canaan was the Sinatic Covenant.

Isa 11 says that when they are regathered the second time in the land, they will never be uprooted.

For Satan to try and make the Word of God of no effect, then he has to get Israel out of the land or wipe them out.

Our BasisThey were under the Law in the first place, under the Law of God, maybe not the Law of Moses.

We are under the Law of God, we are required to respond to absolutes.

We are not free of the Law if we happen not to be Israeli.

The expression of this Law is in the 10 commandments.

See Deut 5:22, 23, 27, 28; ‘well spoken’

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 324God was pleased with their response of Exo 19:8, even though they would not be able to live up to it.

God knew and did not expect they would keep to the Law or their promise to do so..

We will not finish the chapter on the 10 commandments without the mention of an altar.

There was no altar in Eden, as they didn’t need it (until they were cast out). Deut 18:15, talking about Jesus Christ.

God knew they could not keep the law so He provided an altar and promised them a Deliverer.

Exodus 24, recounts all, and notice verse 8: blood applied (grace). God’s majesty and righteousness (Ex 20:20; Deut 5:24).

Nations are as nothing: Isa 57:15; Dan 9:4; Isa 40: 15, 17.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 325

Exodus 20Background to the LawNote Romans 2 - 7 and Matthew 5 - 7.If you think that the 10 commandments are tough, wait until the Lord Jesus explains them to you.

Any misconception that you might think about them, will be blown away when you realize what the Lord is saying.

One of the several purposes of the Law is to show us God’s righteousness and to show us we cannot attain it on our own effort.

If it were possible for you and I to keep these laws, then Jesus Christ died in vain!

We are seeing God’s righteousness in order to understand the price He had to pay for us to be deemed righteous for us to be in His presence.

This basis will help us understand why it took the sacrifice of Jesus Christ to make this possible.

1] And God spake all these words, saying,[God spake] God spoke the Ten Commandments and then Israel

begged that His voice be heard no more, lest they die (Deu 5:22-29).

After Israel asked God not to speak to them directly, God spoke only through intermediaries - the prophets

Heb 1:1-2 NKJV God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, 2 has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the worlds;

God spoke audibly only to Moses, giving the rest of the commands for Israel to obey.

Moses wrote the Ten Commandments and many others in a book which he ratified by the blood of animals (Exo 24:3-8).

God wrote on stones and Moses wrote in a book.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 326[all these words] Compare "God spake all these words" with

"Moses wrote all the words" (Exo 20:1 with Exo 24:3-4).

The Ten Commandments, including 37 statements (Exo_20:3-17; Deu_5:1-21).

In the case of the Ten Commandments 225 statements repeat some phase of them.

If God issues a command, ordinance, statute or statement, it applies to us and our conduct either:

Personally - for our own wellbeing and welfare

Socially – for the wellbeing and welfare of those with whom we live and dwell among

Relationally to God – for our wellbeing and welfare in God’s standard for relationship with Him whether personally as an individual or corporately as society, nationally.

Twenty Facts about the Ten Commandments1. The phrase "Ten Commandments" is found only three times in

Scripture (Exo 34:28; Deu 4:13; Deu 10:4).

2. They are a summary or basis of the whole law of Moses in the same sense that "on these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets," as Jesus taught in Mat 22:35-40.

3. They are the only part of the law of Moses spoken by God’s audible voice to Israel (Deu 5:22; Deu 10:4).

4. They were not known to Adam.

He had only one law and sin was imputed to him and the whole race for breaking it (Gen 2:17; Rom 5:12-21).

Adam had no human father or mother to honor,

No one to commit adultery with, and No one to steal from - he owned everything.

There was only one command and one motive Adam had to conform too.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3275. The Ten Commandments were not known to Abraham, Isaac,

Jacob and the other fathers of Israel before Sinai (Deu 5:2-3).

There were 14 commands to Abraham and his seed (note, Gen 12:1; Gen 26:5), besides the laws of human government handed down from Noah (Gen 9:1-18).

The laws in Israel before the Sinai commandments (referred to in Exo 16:28) were the 184 commands given to Moses up to that time, not including the Ten Commandments.

6. They were not known in Israel before Sinai (Deu 4:7-8; Deu 5:2-3; Neh 9:13-14).

7. They are found only in the law of Moses (Exo 20:1-26; Deu 5:1-33).

If they had not been made a part of this law we would not have them, for the location of the stones on which God wrote His copy is not known.

8. They are not the only commandments of Moses.

There were 203 others (about the sabbath, passover and other things as well as personal commandments) given to him before the 10 on Sinai;

There were 155 given to him when he received the 10 (Exo 20:18-23:33).

After receiving all these commandments the book of the law was ratified by blood of animals (Exo 24:1-8).

Later, 2,345 other commands were added to the book of the law of Moses (Exodus 24-Deut. 34).

See 2,713 Commands in the Law of Moses.

9. The Ten Commandments were called "the covenant" because they were the basis of the entire contract between God and Israel at Sinai (Exo 34:28; Deu 4:13).

They were not the entirety of the law of God and Moses, just the first part of the contract spoken audibly by God.

God added no more audibly (Deu 5:22), not because His law was ended, but because Israel begged not to hear His voice any more, lest they die (Deu 5:23-29; Heb 12:18-

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 32821).

10. The Ten Commandments were given along with the rest of the law of God and Moses to Israel only (Exo 24:7-8; Exo 34:27-28; Lev 26:9, Lev 26:44-45; 1Ki 8:53; Act 3:25; Rom 2:14-29; Rom 3:1-2; Rom 9:4-5).

Gentiles were to have no part with Israel in keeping the law unless they became a part of the nation of Israel; then there was to be one law for both in some things (Exo 12:24; Num 15:16, Num 15:29). Gentiles could not partake with Israel in the following matters:(1) Eat the passover without being circumcised (Exo 12:43,

Exo 12:45).(2) Eat holy things (Exo 29:33; Lev 22:10-13).(3) Be anointed with the holy anointing oil (Exo 30:33).(4) Take part in or come near the tabernacle work (Num 1:51).(5) Have part in the priesthood (Num 3:10, Num 3:38).(6) Offer incense (Num 16:40).(7) Come near priests in their service (Num 18:4, Num 18:7).(8) Be king over Israel (Deu 17:15).(9) Be exempt from paying interest (Deu 23:20).(10) Marry widows in Israel (Deu 25:5).

No scripture in the Bible teaches that Gentile nations had the law of Moses and were under obligation to obey the Ten Commandments or any other detail of Moses’ law.

The word "stranger" is used 80 times in that law, and not once is it stated that they were equal with Israel in having the law.

God dealt with Gentiles (and Israelites) as individuals under the old program of imputing sin to them through Adam (Gen 2:17; Rom 5:12-21) and saving all who obeyed the gospel (or program of God’s grace) which was never a part of the law of Moses (Rom 4:1-25; Gal 3:3-16; Heb 4:1-2; Heb 11:1-40) which was God dealing with the nation of Israel. It is very likely the reason the Law of Moses was not given until the nation was out of Egypt and encamped at Sinai

Gentiles were under the Noahic covenant (Gen 9:1-29) and the Abrahamic covenant (Gen 12:1-3; Rom 4:1-25), but not the Mosaic covenant.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 329The fact that Gentiles had no part with Israel in the law is confirmed many times in the New Testament:

(1)  When Christ came to fulfill the law, He went only to Israel (Mat 10:5-6; Mat 15:24)

(2)  Christ took the kingdom of God (not the law of Moses) from the Jews and gave it to the Gentiles when Israel made her final rejection of Him and His gospel (Mat 21:33-46; Joh 10:16).

(3)  Gentiles are now blessed along with Israel through the gospel of the New Testament, not the law of Moses (Joh 3:16; Rom 1:16; Rom 11:1-25; 2Co 12:13; Gal 3:28-29; Eph 3:1-6; Col 3:11).

(4)  Gentiles do not become Jews or Israelites by faith (see Dakes notes, Rom 2:28-29; Rom 9:6-7).

(5)  Under the law Jews had all the advantages over the Gentiles (Rom 2:17-29; Rom 3:1-2; Rom 9:4-5).

Under the New Testament and the gospel this is not true (Rom 10:9-21; Rom 11:1-25; 2Co 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11).

(6)  Paul said that the Gentiles did not have the law (Rom 2:12-16).

(7)  The apostles stated that Gentiles were aliens and strangers from the covenants and promises of Israel (Eph 2:12, Eph 2:19).

The apostles decided at their first general conference that Gentiles were not required to be circumcised, keep sabbaths, or observe any other part of the law of Moses (Act 15:1-41).

11. The Ten Commandments as such were not kept by early Christians, as some teach.

Only nine commands of the Ten Commandments became a part of the New Testament program, the fourth concerning the sabbath being omitted entirely.

Christians are not obligated to keep any particular sabbath, much less the old Jewish sabbath.

Early Christians did not keep it and did not teach others to

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 330do so (Rom 14:5-6; Gal 4:9-10; Col 2:14-17).

They observed the first day of the week, not as a matter of commandment, but for other reasons.

12. No statement in Scripture hints that the Ten Commandments were passed on from mouth to mouth before they were given on Sinai, as some teach.

13. They are the only part of the law of Moses that was written on the two tables of stone (Deu 4:13; Deu 9:9-15; Deu 10:4), and the only part that is emphasized by Paul as being abolished (2Co 3:6-15).

Col 2:13-17 NKJV And you, being dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, He has made alive together with Him, having forgiven you all trespasses, 14 having wiped out the handwriting of requirements that was against us, which was contrary to us. And He has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross. 15 Having disarmed principalities and powers, He made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them in it. 16 So let no one judge you in food or in drink, or regarding a festival or a new moon or sabbaths, 17 which are a shadow of things to come, but the substance is of Christ.

This is how He took the law of Moses out of our way. He simply nailed it to the cross and annulled it’s penalty so we could have a new start in life before God again.

Figuratively, He killed the killer. He crucified the thing that brought guilt and death to all men (Rom_3:19-20; Rom_6:23; Rom_8:2-3; 2Co_3:6-7; Eph_2:14-16).

Ancient laws are said to have been abrogated by nailing them to a post.

14. They were given at the same time as the so-called ceremonial laws (Exo 19:1-23; Exo 24:12-18; Exo 25:40; Exo 26:30; Exo 27:8; Exo 31:18; Exo 32:1-19; Exo 33:6; Exo 34:1-32; Lev 7:38; Lev 25:1; Lev 26:46; Lev 27:34; Num 3:1; Num 15:22-23; Num 28:6; Heb 8:5).

15. The Bible recognizes the Ten Commandments as the law of Moses as well as the law of God.

The many names and titles of the law prove there is no such

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 331thing as the Ten Commandments being the law of God and not the law of Moses. They prove also that the other laws are not laws of Moses without being laws of God.

The following terms are used in Scripture of the law - the law of God and of Moses: – "a law" (Deu 33:2-4; Psa 78:5); – "the law" (194 times; Jos 1:7-8; Jos 8:31-35; Jos 22:5;

2Ki 17:13; Mat 5:17; Mat 7:12; Mat 11:13; Mat 23:23; Joh 1:17; Heb 7:11-10:28);

– "My (God’s) law" (Psa 89:30-31; Pro 3:1; Pro 7:2; Eze 22:26; Hos 8:12-13);

– "the law of the Lord" (1Ch 16:40; Ezr 7:10; Luk 2:22-39); – "the book (not stones) of the law of God" (Jos 24:25-26;

2Ch 17:6-9; Neh 8:1-13; Neh 9:3; Neh 10:29); – "the book of the law of Moses" (Jos 8:31; Jos 23:6; 2Ki

14:6; 2Ch 34:14-19; Neh 8:1); – "the law of God and the law of Moses" (Joh 1:17; Joh

7:19; Joh 8:5; Act 6:11, Act 6:14; Act 13:39; Act 15:5; Rom 7:22-25; Heb 10:28);

– "the law of commandments and the handwriting of ordinances" (Eph 2:15; Col 2:14-17);

– "the law and commandment" (2Ki 17:34); – "the statutes, and the ordinances, and the law, and the

commandment" (2Ki 17:37); – "the law and the commandment" (2Ch 14:4); – "the whole law and the statutes and the ordinances by the

hand of Moses" (2Ch 33:8); – "My (God’s) commandments, and My statutes, according

to all the law" (2Ki 17:13; 2Ki 21:8); – "the whole law" (Gal 5:3); – "Moses" (Luk 16:29, Luk 16:31; Luk 24:27, Luk 24:44;

Act 15:21; Act 26:22; Act 28:23); and – "the old testament" (2Co 3:6-15; Heb 8:6-9:10).

16. Christ and the apostles spoke of the Ten Commandments as part of the law of Moses.

Mat 22:36-40 with Exo 20:1-6;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 332Mar 7:10 with Exo 20:12; Rom 2:21-22; Rom 7:7-16 with Exo 20:12-17. See also Jos 7:11; Exo 20:15.

17. They are declared by other Bible writers to have been written by Moses as part of his law (Jos 1:8-9; Jdg 3:4; 1Ki 2:3; 2Ki 18:6; 2Ki 21:8; 2Ki 23:25; 2Ch 35:12; Neh 1:7; Neh 8:1; Neh 10:29; Mal 4:4).

The sabbath in particular (the fourth of the Ten Commandment) is declared to have been given by Moses (Neh 9:14).

18. They are spoken of as the covenant God made with Moses and Israel (Exo 34:28; 2Ch 5:10).

Moses took the book of the covenant, including the Ten Commandments and 115 other commands, and dedicated it (Exo 24:7-8).

19. The one law of God and of Moses is not divided into a moral law (as some call the Ten Commandments) and a ceremonial law (as they call the ordinances, statutes and judgments) - one written only on tables of stone and the other in a book.

The whole law, including the Ten Commandments, was written in Moses’ book in due time.

The fact that some of the laws of God and Moses are called "commandments," and others statutes, judgments, and ordinances, does not allow us to divide the whole into moral and ceremonial laws.

An ordinance is simply any authoritative rule of conduct, whether religious or civil. To say it applies only to the rituals of the law of Moses is unscriptural. The word is used of religious (Exo 12:14; Exo 13:10; Eze 46:14; 2Co 11:2) and civil laws (Exo 15:25-26; Lev 18:1-30; Lev 22:1-9; Jos 24:20-25; 1Sa 30:25; Isa 58:2).

Seven Examples of Ordinances:(1) Moral laws on marriage and sex in Lev 1:1-17-29 are

called ordinances (Lev 18:30)(2) The health law of cleansing from defilement is called an

ordinance (Lev 22:8-9)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 333(3) Religious laws - the first and second of the Ten

Commandments - are called ordinances (Jos 24:20-25)(4) Laws of conquest regarding spoils of battle are ordinances

(1Sa 30:21-26)(5) Civil laws of justice are called ordinances of justice (Isa

58:2)(6) Religious laws of giving to God’s temple are called

ordinances (Neh 10:32)(7) Civil laws of human government that have nothing to do

with religion are called ordinances (Rom 13:2; Col 2:14, Col 2:20; 1Pe 2:13)

"Judgments" is just another term for "commandments," for there is no difference in the Ten Commandments of Exo 20:1-17 and the judgments of Exo 21:1-23:33; Exo 24:3; Lev 18:4-5, Lev 18:26; etc.

In both subject matter and wording they are essentially the same.

The Hebrew for "judgments" is mishpat (H4941), meaning a sentence or formal decree; a divine or human law; a charge.

All commandments are laws, decrees, judgments.

The judgments of Scripture were to be kept as much as commandments (Lev 18:4-5, Lev 18:26; Lev 19:37; Lev 20:22; Lev 25:18) and were commanded as were other commandments (Deu 7:11; 1Ki 8:58).

Statutes are simply authoritative ordinances or laws. The word is used in Scripture of laws God has commanded (Exo 15:26; Exo 18:16; Lev 10:11; Lev 18:5, Lev 18:26).

There is no technical difference between the meanings of commandments, judgments, ordinances, statutes, or laws that would change the requirements of God to man.

Whichever word is used, they are equally as binding in one case as the other.

While the curse of the law has been cancelled the blessings of the law remain. God’s likes and dislikes have not been cancelled. What pleased God in the standards of the law then, still please Him today. What God disliked, hated then,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 334He still dislikes and hates today.

Today, we do what pleases God not because we are trying to earn His favor but because we have His favor and love Him for it…

20. The Ten Commandments are not the only ones referred to when the word commandment is used in Scripture.

Many times in the Old Testament the Ten Commandments are not referred to at all (Exo 15:26; Gen 26:5; Lev 4:2, Lev 4:13, Lev 4:22; Lev 22:31; Lev 27:34; etc.). In Mat 5:19; Joh 14:15-21; Joh 15:10; Act 1:2; 2Co 7:1-16 :19; 2 Cor. 14:37; 1Jn 2:3-4; 1Jn 3:22-24; 1Jn 5:2-6; 2Jn 1:6; Rev 12:17; Rev 14:12; Rev 22:14, the word "commandments" refers to the commandments of the New Testament (of which there are 1,050), not the Ten Commandments.

A study of the New Testament commands will show that nine of the Ten Commandments were carried over into the new covenant, and that the one excluded was the fourth commandment, concerning the sabbath (Rom 14:5-6; Col 2:14-17).

2] I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.

God has a double claim on them,

His first is that He is their Creator;

His second and the basis for these laws is that He has redeemed them.

He is not giving them these laws when they are in Egypt, but He is also not giving them these laws then they are in the land yet either.

The efforts that He has gone through to redeem you, are vastly more expensive for Him than to create you in the first place.

If you are redeemed God has a claim on you to obey His laws

Because we are redeemed by God, it gives God even more of a claim on our conduct, than if He were simply our creator.

[I am the LORD thy God] I am Jehovah thy ’Elohiym (H430) - I am the Eternal thy Creator.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 335Various Introductions of God to man 1. I am the Lord (Jehovah, 108 times; Gen 15:7; Exo 6:2; Lev

11:45; Num 3:13; 1Ki 20:13; Isa 42:8; Jer 9:24; Eze 6:7; Mal 3:6).

2. I am the Almighty God (Gen 17:1).3. I am the God of Abraham (Gen 26:24; Gen 28:13).4. I am the God of Bethel (Gen 31:13).5. I am God Almighty (Gen 35:11).6. I am God, the God of thy father (Gen 46:3; Exo 3:6).7. I am that I am (Exo 3:14).8. I am (Exo 3:14).9. I am the Lord your God (34 times; Exo 6:7; Lev 11:44; Num

10:10; Jdg 6:10; Eze 20:5; Joe 2:27).10. I am the Lord thy God (Exo 20:2; Deu 5:6; Psa 81:10; Isa

43:3; Hos 13:4).11. I am the Lord their God (Lev 26:44; Eze 28:26; Zec 10:6).12. I am He (Deu 32:39; Isa 41:4; Isa 43:10).13. I am God (Psa 46:10; Isa 43:12; Isa 45:22; Hos 11:9).14. I am thy God (Isa 41:10).15. I am the Lord, your Holy One (Isa 43:15).16. I am the first, and I am the last (Isa 44:6; Isa 48:12).17. I am the Lord thy God, the Holy One of Israel (Isa 43:3).18. I the Lord am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One

of Jacob (Isa 49:26).19. I am a witness (Jer 29:23).20. I am the Lord, the God of all flesh (Jer 32:27).21. I am the Lord God (Eze 13:9; Eze 23:49; Eze 24:24; Eze

28:24; Eze 29:16).22. I am your God (Eze 34:31).23. I am a Great King (Mal 1:14).24. I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God

of Jacob (Mat 22:32; Mar 12:26).25. I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God

of Isaac, and the God of Jacob (Act 7:32).

Introductions of Christ:1. I am the bread of life (Joh 6:35, Joh 6:48).2. I am the living bread (Joh 6:51).3. I am the light of the world (Joh 8:12).4. I am He (Joh 8:24, Joh 8:28; Joh 13:19).5. I am (Joh 8:58).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3366. I am the door of the sheep (Joh 10:7).7. I am the door (Joh 10:9).8. I am the good shepherd (Joh 10:11, Joh 10:14).9. I am the Son of God (Joh 10:36).10. I am the resurrection, and the life (Joh 11:25).11. I am the way, the truth, and the life (Joh 14:6).12. I am the true vine (Joh 15:1).13. I am Jesus (Act 9:5; Act 22:8; Act 26:15).14. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending (Rev

1:8; Rev 21:6; Rev 22:13).15. I am the first and the last (Rev 1:11, Rev 1:17; Rev 22:13).16. I am He that liveth (Rev 1:18).17. I am the root and offspring of David (Rev 22:16).18. I am the bright and morning star (Rev 22:16).

[brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage] Their redemption by God is such an important event, it is referred to 44x in the Pentateuch alone.

Other Gods and Idols3] Thou shalt have no other gods before me.An absolute. No other authority to be regarded, He is the only appropriate focus of our worship.

4] Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:

Not the end of the sentence. Verse 5 completes the command. Verse 4 is pointless if you ignore verse 5.

First commandment tells you what to worship, the second one tells you how.

He doesn’t say a carved image of some heathen idol, He says ‘anything’. If we or anyone makes, forms or shapes anything, as verse 5 says, we are not to worship (honor, reverence, glorify or worship it – ever…

[graven] pesel, engraved or sculpted image.

This command forbids making any kind of idol and every kind of idolatry made for the purpose of worshipping it..

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 337Twelve Things Not to Worship1. Graven images of wood, stone or metal (Exo 20:4; Deu 4:15-

16)2. Any likeness of male or female (Exo 20:4; Deu 4:16)3. Any likeness of any beast (Deu 4:17)4. Any likeness of fowls (Deu 4:17)5. Any likeness of creeping things on the ground (Deu 4:18; cp.

Rom 1:23)6. Any likeness of any creature in the ground itself (Exo 20:4)7. Any likeness of fish in the waters (Exo 20:4; Deu 4:18)8. Likeness of any creature in heaven above (Exo 20:4; cp.

Rom 1:23)9. The sun (Deu 4:19; cp. Eze 8:16)10. The moon (Deu 4:19)11. The stars ( Deu 4:19)12. The host of heaven, heavenly bodies (Exo 20:4; Deu 4:19;

2Ki 17:16; 2Ki 21:3; 2Ch 33:3)

5] Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;

[jealous God] The first of ten times when God claims to be jealous (Exo 20:5; Exo 34:14; Deu 4:24; Deu 5:9; Deu 6:15; Jos 24:19; Eze 39:25; Joe 2:18; Zec 1:14; Zec 8:2).

There is godly jealousy (2Co 11:2), and ungodly (Pro 6:34; Son 8:6).

Godly jealousy protectsUngodly jealousy covets

[visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children]Three Warnings of Penalty in the Ten Commandments1. Visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children (Exo

20:5)2. Jehovah will not hold guiltless (Exo 20:7)3. Shortening of life (Exo 20:12)

God does not punish an innocent party for the sins of others.However, a person’s personal sins can impact others for generations as they deal with the consequences and impacts

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 338left behind by those sins and the circumstance they create for those that are around and follow after them

Definite penalties, whether death by stoning or otherwise, are not mentioned here.

The Ten Commandments are really principals not just a list of rules. They required the many pieces of additional information to complete the thoughts they present. They are a statement of general laws with wide application.

Penalties for Breaking the Ten Commandments1. Death for worshiping other gods (Exo 20:3; Lev 18:21-29; Lev

20:1-6; Deu 13:1-18; Deu 17:2-7; Deu 18:20-22; Deu 30:15-19).

For this sin God said He would blot names out of the book of life (Exo 32:30-33). There is only one way to God John 14:6

2. Death for making idols (Exo 20:4-6; Deu 13:1-18; Deu 17:2-7; Deu 18:20-22; Deu 27:15; Deu 30:15-19; cp. Gal 5:19-21).

For this sin God said He would blot names out of the book of life (Exo 32:30-33; cp. Psa 69:25-28; 2Co 6:9-10; Gal 5:19-21; Col 3:5-6; Rev 3:5; Rev 22:18-19).

3. Death for blasphemy (Exo 20:7; Lev 24:10-16, Lev 24:23; Num 15:30-31; cp. Mat 12:31-32; Heb 10:29).

4. Death for defiling sabbaths and for any kind of work thereon (Exo 20:8-11; Exo 31:14-15; Exo 35:2-3; Num 15:33-36). No such penalty in the New Testament See Rom 14:5-6.

5. Death for dishonoring parents (Exo 20:12; Exo 21:15, Exo 21:17; Lev 20:9; Deu 21:18-23; Deu 27:16; cp. Rom 1:29-32; Eph 6:2-3).

6. Death for murder (Exo 20:13; Exo 21:12, Exo 21:14-15, Exo 21:23; Lev 24:17, Lev 24:21; Deu 27:24-25; cp. Mat 5:21-22; Gal 5:19-21; 1Jn 3:15).

7. Death for adultery (Exo 20:14; Lev 18:20; Lev 20:10-22; Deu 22:20-30; Deu 27:20-23; cp. Rom 1:29-32; Gal 5:19-21).

8. Death for stealing men (Deu 24:7); penalties ranging from restitution to slavery for stealing from neighbors (Exo 20:15; Exo 22:1-12; cp. 2Co 6:8-10).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3399. Death for being a false witness (Exo 20:16) applied at times.

The law was "life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, etc." as in Deu 19:16-21. Cp. Rev 21:8, Rev 21:27; Rev 22:15.

10. Death is not stated in connection with covetousness in particular (Exo 20:17), but this sin, if indulged in, leads to breaking other commandments carrying the physical death penalty.

In Jos 7:21-26 we have an example of covetousness leading to the death penalty.

[iniquity of the fathers]Never does it say the iniquity of the mothers. Adam, not Eve, was the moral, spiritual, and legal head and representative of the whole race.

Because all were in his loins when he sinned, he acted on behalf of the entire race; as their source, he was responsible for sin being passed upon all mankind.

He acted not as a private person, but for the race that was to come from him, to share his blessings if he obeyed or his curses if he sinned (Gen 2:17; Gen 3:1-24; Rom 5:12-21; 2 Cor. 15:21-22,45-48) in the same sense that Levi paid tithes while still in Abraham’s loins (Heb 7:9-10).

Sin has always been reckoned as passing from the fathers to the children, not through the mothers (Exo 20:5; Exo 34:7; Lev 26:39-40; Num 14:18; Deu 5:9).

Scripture attributes human reproduction to women without sinful responsibility in terms of passing sin from parent to offspring.

This is how Jesus could be born of a woman, a virgin, and still not be sinful flesh.

1Ti 2:13-15 NKJV For Adam was formed first, then Eve. 14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived, fell into transgression. 15 Nevertheless she will be saved in childbearing if they continue in faith, love, and holiness, with self-control.

Eve did not receive a pass because she was deceived. Adam

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 340was not deceived because he was given God’s rule and consciously, willingly chose to ignore it.

Reasons Christ Has Sinless Flesh1.  Christ had no part in Adam’s sinful fall and was therefore did

not inherit Adam’s sin nature. Jesus was born and lived sinless.

2.  Christ did not submit to Satan and to his spirit and sinful nature (Eph_2:2; Joh_8:44; 1Jn_3:8).

3.  He came from the woman but was not of the seed of man (Gen_3:15; Isa_7:14; Isa_9:6-7; Mat_1:18-23; Luk_1:32-35; Rom_8:3; Gal_4:4; Php_2:5-11; Joh_1:14; 1Ti_3:16; Heb_2:9-18).

Man is recognized as the head of the race in all Scripture (Gen_2:20-22; 2Co_11:3; Rom_5:12-21). The iniquity of man, not woman, was passed as a curse upon children (Exo_20:5; Num_14:18; Deu_5:9; Jer_31:29-30; Eze_18:2-4).

4.  Mary was merely the means of God in bringing His own Son into a human body.

He was conceived by the Holy Spirit, not by man who could not produce sinless offspring. God is holy and cannot produce sinful offspring.

This is according to the law of reproduction in Gen_1:22-28. By means of a woman God could send Christ in the likeness of the flesh controlled by sin, and yet not of sinful flesh controlled by sin and Satan (1Pe_2:22)

[unto the third and fourth generations of them that hate me] This pronouncement is made in both lists of the Ten Commandments (Exo 20:5; Deu 5:9).

"Them that hate Me" indicates that any of the same family who might love God would be blessed by Him.

Five Notable Generational Pronouncements 1. Iniquity to be visited on offspring to the third and fourth

generation (Exo 20:5; Exo 34:7; Num 14:18; Deu 5:9)Your wrong choices can impact your children’s lives, your

grand children’s lives, your great-granchildren’s lives and

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 341even you great-great-granchildren’s lives.

2. Offspring of Edomites and Egyptians not to enter the congregation of the Lord, to the third generation (Deu 23:7-8)

3. A bastard and his offspring not to enter the congregation of the Lord to the tenth generation (Deu 23:2)

4. An Ammonite or Moabite not to enter the congregation of the Lord to the tenth generation (Deu 23:3)

5. Descendants of Jehu to have the throne of Israel to the fourth generation (2Ki 10:30; 2Ki 15:12)

6] And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.

This generational curse can be undone – be born again.

[shewing] ‛asah (H6213), to do or to make; bestow; demonstrate (Exo 20:6; Deu 5:10; 2Sa 22:51; Psa 18:50; Jer 32:18).

[mercy] checed (H2617), kindness; beauty; favor; pity; mercy (Exo 20:6; Exo 34:7; Num 14:18-19; Deu 5:10; Deu 7:9, Deu 7:12; Psa 23:6; Psa 106:1; Psa 136:1-24).

[that love me, and keep my commandments] Two conditions of blessing:

1. Love Me (Deu 5:10; Deu 6:5; Deu 11:1, Deu 11:13, Deu 11:22; Deu 19:9; Deu 30:6, Deu 30:16, Deu 30:20)

2. Keep My commandments (Lev 22:31; Lev 26:3; Deu 5:10, Deu 5:29; Deu 7:9, Deu 7:11; Deu 8:6; Deu 10:13; Deu 11:8; Deu 13:4, Deu 13:18; Deu 19:9; Deu 26:18; Deu 27:1; Deu 28:9, Deu 28:45; Deu 30:10, Deu 30:16)

He knows that we love Him by keeping His commandments.

We are not saved by keeping His commandments but we demonstrate our love for Him by keeping His commandments.

Joh_13:13  Ye call me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am.

Luk_6:46  And why call ye me, Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say?

God is to be worshiped “in spirit and in truth.”Joh 4:23-24 NKJV But the hour is coming, and now is, when the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 342true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth; for the Father is seeking such to worship Him. 24 God is Spirit, and those who worship Him must worship in spirit and truth."

We need to be cautious.

Name in Vain7] Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain;

for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

[take the name of the LORD thy God in vain] This commandment is against false swearing, blasphemy, and all profane, trivial, and irreverent uses of God’s name.

Heb 11:6 But without faith it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes to God must believe that He is, and that He is a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him.

– Exclamations lie, “Oh my God….”

– Invoking God’s name in prayer or every day speech and not believing He hears an will act on it.

– It also refers to using God’s name in false religions, witchcraft, conjuring - any abuse of His holy name whatsoever.

The right use of His name is confined to sacred things - prayer, praise, prophecy, teaching, worship, and communion with God and saints (Mal 3:16).

Mal 3:16 Then those who feared the LORD spoke to one another, And the LORD listened and heard them; So a book of remembrance was written before Him For those who fear the LORD And who meditate on His name.

[for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain]

No specific penalty is stated here, but death is specified in Lev 24:10-16, Lev 24:23; Num 15:30-31.

The first petition of the Lord’s Prayer is “hallowed be Thy Name.”

The real breaking of this commandment is by you and me, and not the guy in the street that is using His Name profanely.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 343We are guilty of not “hallowing” His Name if not by verbal abuse of His name certainly invoking Him by calling ourselves His possession and representative and not living like it in behavior and attitude.

Note too, that no one profanes the name of “Budda” or “Nostradamus” or Mohammed or anyone other than the Lord Jesus Christ.

What an interesting testimony of the enmity of the world and the hostility of Satan.

The only appearance of “Reverend” is Ps 111:9 in reference to God.

Psa 111:9  He sent redemption unto his people: he hath commanded his covenant for ever: holy and reverend is his name. 

[reverend] yare’ (H3372), Holy and awesome is His name. to be feared.

It is translated fear, afraid, terrible, dread, and reverence over 300 times of both God and man.

God’s name is "reverend."

It does not mean that ministers are forbidden to use "Reverend" as a title.

The same word is used of the fear of parents (Lev_19:3) and of God (Lev_19:14).

It is even used of reverence of the sanctuary, a material place (Lev_19:30; Lev_26:2).

The Jews became so careful in dealing with God’s name they would not write it or speak.

They established practice of replacing God’s name with descriptions of His character.

Sabbath8] Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.[Remember] zakar (H2142), "to mark in the mind; be mindful;

bring to remembrance; think on."

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 344[Remember the Sabbath]Do not forget to observe the Sabbeth. They were to be mindful of Exo 16:22-26 which is the first commandment to observe a particular day as a day of rest.

It does not refer to Gen 2:2-3 which concerns God’s rest after His work.

There’s no command for that to be remembered any more than other acts of God.

They were first given the commandment to keep a sabbath in Exo 16:22-26, not in Gen 2:2-3.

The Israelites were to remember the sabbath day, to observe it holy (Exo 20:8).

They were to observe it by ceasing the normal daily routines, to rest and remember God’s goodness and graces to them.

The Ten Commandments in the Old and New Covenants#1. Compare Exo 20:3 with Mat 22:37; Mar 12:30; Luk 10:27#2. Compare Exo 20:4-6 with Act 15:20, Act 15:29; Act 21:25;

Rom 1:18-32; Rom 2:22; 2Co 10:7, 2Co 10:14; Gal 5:20; Col 3:5; 1Jn 5:20

#3. Compare Exo 20:7 with Mat 12:31-32; Mar 3:28-29; Mar 7:22; Luk 12:10; Col 3:8

#4. Compare Exo 20:8-11. Not commanded in the new covenant for many reasons.Scriptures in the New Testament command absolute freedom from any obligation to the old Jewish sabbath (Rom 14:5-6; Gal 4:9-10; Col 2:14-17)

#5. Compare Exo 20:12 with Mat 15:4; Mat 19:19; Mar 7:10; Mar 10:19; Luk 18:20; Eph 6:2; Col 3:20; 2Ti 3:2

#6. Compare Exo 20:13 with Mat 5:21; Mar 10:19; Luk 18:20; Rom 13:9; Jas 2:11; 1Pe 4:15; 1Jn 3:15

#7. Compare Exo 20:14 with Mat 5:27-32; Mat 19:9, Mat 19:18; Mar 10:11-12, Mar 10:19; Luk 16:18; Luk 18:20; Rom 2:22; Rom 13:9; Gal 5:19; Jas 2:11

#8. Compare Exo 20:15 with Mat 19:18; Mar 10:19; Luk 18:20; Rom 2:21; Rom 13:9; Eph 4:28

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 345#9. Compare Exo 20:16 with Mat 15:19; Mat 19:18; Mar 10:19;

Luk 18:20; Rom 13:9#10. Compare Exo 20:17 with Mar 7:22; Luk 12:15; Rom 1:29;

Rom 7:7; Rom 13:9; 2Co 6:10; Eph 5:3-5; Col 3:5; 1Ti 3:3; 1Th 2:5; Heb 13:5

9] Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:This is the second of eight times (all in the law of Moses) man was commanded to work six days and rest the seventh (Exo 16:26; Exo 20:9-10; Exo 23:12; Exo 31:15; Exo 34:21; Exo 35:2; Lev 23:3; Deu 5:13).

In the new covenant, Christians may observe any day as a “sabbath” that they wish (Rom 14:5-6; Gal 4:9; Col 2:14-17).

10] But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

[seventh day] The seventh day was not always the same weekday (e.g. Saturday).

[sabbath of the LORD] It was a sabbath to the Lord - a day of rest consecrated to God and His commands and His gracious goodness to us.

[any work] No work was allowed by the law. Certain work was commanded on that day.

Work on the SabbathParents, children, servants, cattle and strangers were expressly

forbidden to work on the sabbath. Levites, however, were commanded to work on it, butchering and

offering sacrifices (Num 28:9-10; 1Ch 9:32). Necessary work was not forbidden (cp. Lev 12:3 with Joh 7:22-

23), but servile work was - that which required animals or slaves, even that which was unnecessary by the masters (Lev 23:7-8, Lev 23:21, Lev 23:25, Lev 23:35).

This allowed for emergencies and all necessary care of stock (Mat 12:3-8, Mat 12:12; Mar 2:27-28; Mar 3:4; Luk 3:15; Luk 14:5).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 346Everything under the heading of labor, business, and industrial

employment was to cease (Exo 16:23; Exo 34:21; Exo 35:3; Num 15:32-36; Neh 13:15; Jer 17:21).

In religion, certain work was necessary and lawful.

11] For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

[For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day]

Symbolically:

God Himself worked in the re-creation of the earth the same length and number of days that He now commanded Israel to work (Exo 20:8-11 with Gen 1:3-31)

God rested the same length and number of days that Israel was told to rest (Exo 20:8-11 with Gen 2:2-3)

“In my grandfather’s day it took many a day to travel 100 miles since he could only travel during the day.”

The Lord made (did not originally create) the heavens and the earth in six literal 24-hour days (Exo 20:8-11 with Gen 1:3-31)

That as God sanctified (hallowed) a day of rest for Himself, so Israel was to set apart a day of rest for themselves (Exo 20:11 with Gen 2:2-3; Deu 5:12)

The sabbath was a type of rest in Christ (Mat 11:28-30; Col 2:14-17).

When Christ came as the reality of what was typified, obligation to observe the type ended (Gal 3:19-25; Gal 4:21-31; Hebrews 7:11-10:18).

The Sabbath was instituted in Genesis!

No where in Scripture does it say that Saturday is the Sabbath, it does speak of the 7th day but you can count your week as you will.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 347The Sabbath is saving one day in seven for rest, but it also says to work six days! Mt 5:17-19,

Sabbath was made for man, not for God (Mk 2:27; Heb 4:9).

Honor Mother and Father12] Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be

long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.[that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD the

God giveth thee]One of the commandments that has a specific blessing if you follow it. This is the first commandment of the ten with a promise (Eph 6:2).

There is no set time to die.

Man by his own choices, iiving actions and attitudes more or less impacts his own length of life and destiny (cp. Psa 91:1-16; 2Co 11:30).

The example is Christ Himself (Lk 2:52; 2 Tim 3:1, 3; Eph 6:1, 3).

In Israel, if you were an unobedient child, the punishment was death.

Thou Shall Not Kill13] Thou shalt not kill.This does not prohibit capital punishment or war, both of which God commanded at times; but it does forbid premeditated planned killing of another in anger for malice.

All violence (Exo 21:12), stratagem (Exo 21:14), assault and battery (Exo 21:18), hate and anger (Lev 19:14, Lev 19:17), vengeance (Lev 19:18), and danger to human life in general was forbidden (Deu 22:8).

In Genesis 9:5, 6, God instituted the death penalty for murder, that was never repealed. Originally given to Noah.

The sanctity of life includes your own life — suicide is not allowed.

Mt 5:21, 22; notes that this includes the anger to kill, not just the act (1 Jn 3:15).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 348The first murder was not Cain killing Abel.

It was by Satan of mankind through Adam..

The Cities of Refuge were an appropriation for manslaughter, the unintentional taking of an innocent life.

Thou Shalt Not Commit Adultery14] Thou shalt not commit adultery.This prohibits unlawful sexual relationship and upholds the sacredness of marriage for the propagation of the human race.

Gen 2:24, God makes it clear that the sanctity of the marriage goes beyond the father and the mother.

Mt 5:28; includes even the unfaithfulness of the heart.

The first sin was committed by Satan, in his heart, Isa 14. Sin gets committed in the heart, the rest is follow through.

Having the disease causes the symptoms. We treat the cause to eliminate the effects.

Mar 7:20-23 NKJV And He said, "What comes out of a man, that defiles a man. 21 For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, 22 thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lewdness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness. 23 All these evil things come from within and defile a man."

Mat 15:16-20 NKJV … 18 But those things which proceed out of the mouth come from the heart, and they defile a man. 19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies. 20 These are the things which defile a man, …."

Jesus instructs us in the 10 commandments in terms of the heart, and not necessarily the actions.

Just because you don’t follow through with a thought you hold onto does not make you guiltless of the action you imagine..

Romans 3, if you are guilty of breaking one law, then you are guilty of all.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 349Jas_2:10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet

stumble in one point, he is guilty of all.

If we are honest and really saw ourselves, we are all guilty of all of them.

Thou Shalt Not Steal15] Thou shalt not steal.[Thou shalt not steal] This prohibits taking another’s property

(including damage through carelessness).

This law encompasses all that would be regarded as stealing: robbery, embezzlement, defrauding, ...

This commandment endorses private ownership

False Witness16] Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.This commandment is not dealing with lying, but with false witness.

It prohibits giving false testimony in courts of justice, lying about the acts, words, and property of a neighbor and misrepresenting someone else’s character or actions in the public or private.

This includes if you stand by while another is being wrongfully slandered.

Have you ever passed on a story about someone without checking it out? Basing it on hearsay? That is gossip…

Even in the guise of a “prayer” request, gossip causes much pain and suffering.

Covet Thy Neighbor’s . . .17] Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, thou shalt

not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s.

This prohibits longing for (let alone attempting to acquire) anything that belongs to another (Pro 6:25; Mar 7:19-21; Jas 1:13-15).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 350Deu 5:21 adds "his field" to this list.

It is the last of the Ten Commandments, which are the introduction, basis, and constitution of the law of Moses.

In this first list of the Ten Commandments there are thirty-two commands (Exo 20:3-17).

In the second there are thirty-seven commands (Deu 5:7-21), – three being added to the fourth commandment (Deu

5:14-15), – one to the fifth commandment (Deu 5:16), and – one to the tenth commandment (Deu 5:21).

No system of law has ever had a statute on the books that deals with intent, the motive of an action,

There is no way to enforce this commandment.

This one is strictly in the heart.

Luke 12:15, one exception 1 Cor 12:31.

SummaryRead Romans 7, a summary of the law.

We keep the law because we express our love by obedience (Ps 40:8; 1 Jn 2:6, 5:2-3; Jn 14:21).

The law is an expression of His love for us (Deut 33:2, 3; Ps 119:97).

Christ’s delight was in keeping the law (Ps 1:2; Rom 7:22, 12, 15).

Christ has a double claim on us: He made us (Gen 3) and He purchased us (Ex 19:4,5 and Deut 15:15: law is for the redeemed).

Even the angels are subject to the law (Ps 103:20).

The 10 commandments were never repealed, they were written in stone.

They were given to us because we need them.

Jesus respected them (Gal 4:4; Ps 40:8; Mt 5:17-19; Rom 3; 13:10; 1 Cor 9:21).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 351They are revelation of God’s character and a call to obedience and conformance to Him and what He is (Ps 89:27, 29).

The Law of God (Rom 7:22, 25; Ex 16:2, 27 and as Jesus amplified it in Mt 5) in contrast to the Law of Moses (which will be enforced by Jesus in the Millennium Isa 2:3).

In light of Acts 15 the Law of Moses appears not to affect Gentiles.

The Law which we are interested in is the Law of Christ (Eph 6:6; Col 3:2; 1 Cor 9:21)

(See also Gal 4:4 and Ps 40:8 under the law; vs. Mt 5:17 and Rom 7:25 to fulfill.)

We are all spiritually bankrupt.

In bankruptcy law, the debts cannot be canceled until the inability to pay has been acknowledged by the debtor!

The remedy we have available is Jesus Christ and His shed blood.

He has taken care of the law for you, but you cannot avail yourselves to that until you have recognized your inability to pay the debt.

Once you recognize it, then you are in the position to appropriate the righteousness of Jesus Christ.

This makes you free of the law’s claims against you in terms of its claim on you relative to salvation.

This does not make you free of the law in terms of a call to obedience (throughout the entire Bible and in particular in the New Testament).

It is through this obedience that we can express our love for Jesus Christ.

Code of HammurabiFor about 18 centuries, (particularly in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries,) there was a widely held view that some of these ordinances and laws were vastly too sophisticated to have existed at the time of Moses.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 352In December of 1901 and January of 1902 Jacques de Morgan at the Acropolis of Susa (Shushan) found a steele (or monolithe) roughly 2 feet wide and 7 feet 4.5 inches high that had 300 paragraphs and 3624 lines in 39 columns of writing on it.

This revealed to the world, as it was translated, the Code of Hammurabi.

Much of what we know about the ancient world in an archaeological sense stems from this particular find and several which were subsequent to it.

It was extremely sophisticated and completed shattered the image of the scholars which held of a period of time (around 1728 - 1686 years before Christ) the 6th King, 1st dynasty.

There are some similarities and a lot of differences between the Code of Hammurabi and the Biblical laws.

We will make reference to it from time to time, as it is a well documented case which gives us great insights into the economy and culture of the ancient world (in terms of slaves, multiple wives, rules... civil ordinances).

18] And all the people saw the thunderings, and the

lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.

[saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking]

All saw and heard:1. Thunderings2. Lightnings3. The noise of the trumpet4. The mountain smoking

[they removed, and stood afar off] Lightning and a long thunder peal probably followed each commandment to impress Israel with the holiness of God and His law.

They were terrified and fled from the mount, whereas before

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 353they pressed so close Moses had to go down and warn them not to break through (Exo 19:17-25).

The sight and sound were so terrible even Moses said "I exceedingly fear and quake" (Heb 12:21).

This emphasized the importance of a mediator between God and man (1Ti 2:4-5).

19] And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.

[let not God speak with us, lest we die] As if it Moses prerogative to tell God not to speak to the people.

God agreed with them however…

Deu 5:28 and Deu 18:16-19 reveal it was at this time that God promised to send Messiah to speak to Israel.

Deu 5:28 "Then the LORD heard the voice of your words when you spoke to me, and the LORD said to me: 'I have heard the voice of the words of this people which they have spoken to you

Deu 18:15-19 NKJV "The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren. Him you shall hear, 16 according to all you desired of the LORD your God in Horeb in the day of the assembly, saying, 'Let me not hear again the voice of the LORD my God, nor let me see this great fire anymore, lest I die.' 17 "And the LORD said to me: 'What they have spoken is good. 18 I will raise up for them a Prophet like you from among their brethren, and will put My words in His mouth, and He shall speak to them all that I command Him. 19 And it shall be that whoever will not hear My words, which He speaks in My name, I will require it of him.. They are right in all that they have spoken.

20] And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not.

[Fear not] The ninth of eighteen times in the Pentateuch: – eight in Genesis (Exo 15:1; Exo 21:17; Exo 26:24; Exo

35:17; Exo 43:23; Exo 46:3; Exo 50:19,21);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 354– two in Exodus (Exo 14:13; Exo 20:20); – two in Numbers (Exo 14:9; Exo 21:34); and – six in Deuteronomy (Exo 1:21; Exo 3:2, Exo 3:22; Exo

20:3; Exo 31:6, Exo 31:8).

[God is come to prove you]Five Times that God Tested Israel1. God gave them manna (Exo 16:4; Deu 8:16).2. God spoke to them from heaven (Exo 20:20).3. God led them in the wilderness (Deu 8:2).4. God permitted thirst (Deu 33:8).5. God permitted their enemies to trouble them (Jdg 2:22; Jdg

3:1, Jdg 3:4; cp. Gen 22:1; 2Ch 32:31; Psa 11:4; Zec 13:9; Jas 1:3)

[that his fear may be before your faces] God’s purpose in testing people is to teach them that sin does not pay so they may be saved from many sufferings in this life and have eternal life to come (Deu 4:40; Deu 7:12-24; Deu 8:3; Deu 11:13-32; Deu 28:1-68).

[sin not] Not only does the New Testament teach that people should not sin (Rom 6:16-23; Rom 8:1-13; 1Jn 2:1-2), but the Old Testament required the same of Israel (Exo 23:33; Psa 4:4; Eze 3:21).

21] And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.

[afar off] Contrast this far-off-from-God position under law with the made-near position under grace (Eph 2:13, Eph 2:18; Heb 4:14-16; Heb 10:19-23; Jas 4:8).

[Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was] The fourth ascent of Moses

An Altar of Stone22] And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto

the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven.

[I have talked with you from heaven] Speaking with Moses from heaven was something magicians could not imitate to

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 355deceive the masses (Deu 5:26).

23] Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold.

A repetition of the second commandment of Exo 20:4-6.

24] An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee.

[in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee] Any place of worship was to have an altar to sacrifice the burnt and peace offerings on (Lev 17:1-11).

God was to choose the place (Deu 12:5, Deu 12:11, Deu 12:15, Deu 12:18, Deu 12:26).

There were three places of sacrifice God chose in Israel’s history: – Shiloh (Jer 7:12); – Bethel (1Sa 10:3); and – Zion (Psa 78:68).

There was no altar in Eden. The altar was outside Eden.

We did not need an altar in Eden because God did not intend for them to break His law.

The altar is part of the same chapter that gives us the law. An altar is where sacrifice and forgiveness are required.

God is not surprised when we break His laws, He prepared a provision for a broken law.

The altar is not the ultimate provision, it is sort of a memorial provision.

The shedding of innocent blood prophetically points towards the sacrifice of Jesus Christ for our sins.

25] And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it.

[hewn stone] This typified that man is not saved by human works; the result of man’s own doings (Eph 2:8-9; Tit 3:5).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 356They were not to use “dressed” stones. The stone was not to be shaped nor fitted. They were to use raw stone.

[for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it] This typified that all human efforts and works to save the soul corrupt the whole plan of redemption by blood (Lev 17:11; Mat 26:28; Act 20:28; Rom 3:25; Eph 2:13; Col 1:20; Heb 2:9-18; Heb 9:22; Heb 10:19-23; Heb 13:20; 1Pe 1:18-23; 1Jn 1:7).

While stone craftsmen’s work is to be admired (look at the stones used for the Temple), God does not want man polluting His altar.

The stones are to be natural, not to be marred by man’s works.

The altar is a place of faith, not works (e.g., Cain and Abel).

Jesus is described as a “stone not cut with hands.” (Dan 2:34-35)

26] Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon.

[Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar]Six Commands concerning Worship1. Make an altar of earth to God (Exo 20:24)2. Offer burnt offerings and peace offerings upon it3. Sacrifice sheep and oxen upon it4. Only in the place chosen by God must an altar be made (Exo

20:24; Deu 12:5-26)5. Do not make altar of hewn stone, but of stone untouched by

tools (Exo 20:25; Jos 8:31)6. Make no steps to God’s altar (Exo 20:26)

[steps] Heathen worshippers who imitated the rites of the true God made their altars very high, partly through pride and partly in the belief that their gods might hear them better.

Such high places are mentioned 77 times in Scripture as sinful (Lev 26:30, 2Ch_34:3; Jer_17:3; Eze_6:3.).

Many heathen altars had gods engraved on them as objects of worship which was in direct contradiction to the second commandment (Exo 20:4-6).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 357[that thy nakedness be not discovered ] God demands

modesty of all His people (Php 4:5; 1Ti 2:9-10; 1Pe 3:3).

Obey --

Before sin entered:

Gen 2:25 And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.

After sin entered:

Gen 3:7 Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves coverings. 8 And they heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden.

Gen 3:10-11 NKJV So he said, "I heard Your voice in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked; and I hid myself." 11 And He said, "Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you that you should not eat?"

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 358

Exodus 21The Divisions of the LawThe Law can be divided into three major divisions:

– the moral law, – the civil law and – the ceremonial law.

The moral law is typified by the 10 commandments in Chapter 20, is God’s claim on His human creatures.

Chapter 21-23, the civil law are social regulations to regulate the Hebrew society (slavery, possession, murder, etc).

These are described in a way to give guidance to a group of judges.

The group of laws called ceremonial laws deal with the religious life (the purification, the priests, the implements, ceremonial observations...).

The entire book of Leviticus also deals with the ceremonial laws.

Rules for SlavesWhen we think of slavery we tend to think of slavery after social models which were excessively abusive.

Today this is foreign to our culture as we do not have slaves.

There was an economy in Israel, and in other cultures, in which slavery was part of the normal economic and social fabric.

In that setting these laws are surprisingly protective.

One could become a slave by being taken captive by some tribe.

Instead of being killed which was the normal practice in warfare, if they spared you your life, you owed them your service (Num 31:26; Deu 20:10).

In most of the ancient tribes to be taken as a captive slave was a permanent loss of freedom, yet in the Hebrew economy, it was never more than six years.

If is was longer than six years, then to stay was a voluntary election to stay forever.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 359Some would choose to stay, since for them being a slave was not that bad (it provided food and shelter, employment, protection, etc).

If one chose to stay after six years, there was a special procedure for a “bond-slave,” a permanent situation.

A slave could also be purchased, there was slave trade (Ex 12:44; Lev 22:11; 25:44-45).

A Hebrew slave was never to be sold to a foreigner (Deu 7:1-3), and was always given his freedom after the 6th year.

Another interesting practice was that children could be sold to pay debts (2 Kgs 4:1-7; Isa 1:1; Amo 2:6; 8:6; Neh 5:5; Pro 22:7) or you could sell yourself into slavery (in the 7th year any slave would go free).

No Israelite could be permanently enslaved, even by a rash act or a debt.

If he became a slave the year after the sabbatic year he served until the next sabbatic year - six years; but if he became a slave the third year after the sabbatic he served only three years.

When you were free from your master, the master was obligated to provide you with things to start a new life (Deu 15).

While this sounds strange to us, it was practical for that economy.

1] Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

[judgments] mishpat (H4941), verdict; sentence or decree; ordinance; law; statute; command.

2] If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

Eleven commands concern men slaves (Exo 21:2-6).

No Hebrew could be sold unless he was a thief or a debtor too poor to meet his obligation.

a debtor too poor to meet his obligation could be sold for six years to pay his debt (Exo 21:1-6; Lev 25:25-26, Lev 25:39-40).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 360A thief could be sold to pay his penalty (Exo 22:3).

3] If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.

4] If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out by himself.

This was an incentive to stay on with his master as a bond-slave.

Bond Slave5] And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my

wife, and my children; I will not go out free:6] Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall

also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.

[bore his hear through with an aul] A “Bond slave” wore an earing with great pride, that he was a bond slave of the house (the concept of being attached to the house).

It was a symbolic act demonstrating obedience and perpetual servitude.

He served until his master’s death or the year of jubilee (Lev 25:40-46, Lev 25:55).

7] And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

[sell his daughter to be a maidservant] Eight commands concern women slaves (Exo 21:7-11).

[go out] To "go out" means to be released from slavery after six years of service (Exo 21:2).

Slaves were released every seventh year - the sabbatic year.

Seven Commands—the Redemption of a Hebrew Slave1. If a sojourner or stranger becomes rich and buys a Hebrew

slave, he may be redeemed again (Lev_25:47-48).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3612. One of his brethren, an uncle, a nephew, or any other near

kinsman may redeem him (Lev_25:48-49).3. If he is able to redeem himself, he may do so any time

(Lev_25:49).4. The price of redemption shall be determined by the number of

years until jubilee (Lev_25:50-52).5. He shall be to the Gentile as a yearly hired servant, not as a

slave (Lev_25:53).6. One shall not rule over him with rigor or oppress him in your

sight.7. If he is not redeemed he shall go out free in the year of jubilee

with his children (Lev_25:54-55).

8] If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her.

Concubines?

A woman slave was not freed if she became the wife of her master, unless he did not care for her; then she could be redeemed by her family.

Otherwise she continued as his wife.

She could not be sold to Gentiles (Exo 21:7-8).

9] And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

If she was betrothed to the master’s son, she was to be dealt with as a daughter, not sold (Exo 21:9).

10] If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.

If the son took another wife, he had to treat the former like the new wife, in support and marriage duties (Exo 21:10).

11] And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.

If he refused, then she was to be freed without her family redeeming her with money (Exo 21:11).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 362Christ in CenterIf there is a passage of Scripture which you don’t understand, put Jesus Christ in the middle of it and see what happens.

This passage is about servants.

The ultimate perfect servant was Jesus Christ. Ps 40:6 (“mine ears hast thou digged”: Jesus as the bond slave); Isa 42:1; Isa 52:13-53:11; Zech 3:8; Phil 2:5-8; Mark’s gospel; Heb 10:9; Luke 2:49; John 6:38; Luke 22:27.

Jesus Christ’s role as a servant did not end when He left the earth, that is His job now,

He intercedes for you and me; John 13; Luke 12:37, Gal 4:4 He became a man and thus, subject to the law. Mt 5:17;

He fulfilled the law.

The ultimate proof of the adequacy of His sacrifice (that He was sinless) is the resurrection.

If the slave came without a wife, he left without a wife. Isa 50:1;

Israel is treated as the idolatrous wife of Jehovah (see Hosea), she is referred to as divorced, and yet, to be re-established..

Who is the wife, when she is taken again?

Most scholars view it as being Millennial Israel; John 11:51-52; Isa 54:4-8. Israel is the bride – The church is the body of Christ

Rules for Homicide or InjuryThis is not inconsistent with the law that was given to Noah in Genesis, in terms of proclaiming fairly severe penalties on taking a man’s life, but it draws a distinction between premeditation and manslaughter.

There is no pardon, nor mitigation, for intentional murder.

The concept which emerges from a study of this topic suggests that life itself is the possession of God, and that you and I lease it for a few years.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 36312] He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put

to death.[smiteth a man] Smites him in anger, malice, jealousy, hatred, or

a desire for vengeance.

This does not forbid capital punishment or war which were commanded by God (Exo 21:12-17; Num 25:17; Deu 7:2; Deu 13:15; Deu 20:13).

Place of Refuge13] And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his

hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.[lie not in wait] If a man killed another accidently, he could flee

to the city of refuge.

By ancient custom the nearest of kin could avenge the death.

He was called the avenger of blood (Num 35:12; Deu 19:6, Deu 19:12; Jos 20:3-9).

In the city of refuge one who had slain a man accidently could live in safety until the case came before the judges (Num 35:1-34; Deu 4:41-49; Deu 19:1-13).

[God deliver him into his hand] An expression meaning that God permitted a certain thing to be done.

[place whither he shall flee] This refers to the cities of refuge provided by law (Num 35:1-34; Deu 19:1-21).

The concept of the City of Refuge (introduced in Num 35:11-30 and amplified in the book of Joshua).

The concept was that if you were involved in manslaughter you could flee to a city of refuge (Josh 20:7-8) and stay there until your case was adjudicated or the High priest died . Num 35:19-25; Deut 19; Jos 20 to avoid the kinsman out to avenge blood; Num 35:19-25; Deut 19:12)

14] But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.

[come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 364guile] If a man deliberately killed another he incurred the death penalty.

[altar] Before cities of refuge were chosen (even afterward) the altar of God was a place of refuge. See 1Ki 1:50-53; 1Ki 2:28-29.

This implies that if it was intentional murder, he will have no escape, not even within the cities of retuge.

15] And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.

Kidnaping16] And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be

found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.Kidnaping and selling into slavery was treated seriously.

17] And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.

Forty-two Death-Penalty Sins1. Murder (Gen_9:6; Exo_21:12-14, Exo_21:20, Exo_21:23;

Lev_24:17, Lev_24:21; Num_35:16-34; Deu_19:1-21)2. Failing to circumcise (Gen_17:14; Exo_4:24-25)3. Eating leavened bread during the feast of unleavened bread

(Exo_12:15, Exo_12:19)4. Smiting parents (Exo_21:15)5. Kidnapping (Exo_21:16; Deu_24:7)6. Cursing parents (Exo_21:17; Lev_20:9)7. Negligence with animals that kill (Exo_21:28-32)8. Witchcraft (Exo_22:18)9. Bestiality (Exo_22:19; Lev_18:23-29; Lev_20:15-16)10. Idolatry (Exo_22:20)11. Making holy anointing oil (Exo_30:33)12. Putting holy anointing oil on strangers (Exo_30:33)13. Making the holy perfume (Exo_30:38)14. Defiling the sabbath (Exo_31:14)15. Working on the sabbath (Exo_35:2)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 36516. Eating the flesh of the peace offering in uncleanness

(Lev_7:20-21)17. Eating the fat of sacrifices (Lev_7:25)18. Killing sacrifices other than at the door of the tabernacle

(Lev_17:1-9)19. Eating blood (Lev_17:10-14)20. Incest (Lev_18:6-29; Lev_20:11-22)21. Eating sacrifices at the wrong time (Lev_19:5-8)22. Consecration of children to idols (Lev_20:1-5)23. Spiritualism (Lev_20:6, Lev_20:27)24. Adultery (Lev_20:10; Deu_22:22-30)25. Sodomy—homosexuality (Lev_20:13)26. Relationship with a menstruous woman (Lev_20:18)27. Whoredom (Lev_21:9; Deu_22:21-22)28. Sacrilege (Lev_22:3)29. Refusing to fast on day of atonement (Lev_23:29)30. Working on day of atonement (Lev_23:30)31. Blasphemy (Lev_24:11-16)32. Failure to keep the passover (Num_9:13)33. Presumptuous sins (Num_15:30-31)34. Gathering firewood on the sabbath (Num_15:32-36)35. Failure to purify self before worship (Num_19:13,

Num_19:20)36. False prophecy (Deu_13:1-18; Deu_18:20)37. Leading men away from God (Deu_13:6-18)38. Backsliding (Deu_17:2-7)39. Stubbornness and rebellion (Deu_21:18-23)40. Gluttony (Deu_21:20-23)41. Drunkenness (Deu_21:20-23)42. False dreams and visions (Deu_13:1-18)The New Testament teaches the death penalty for certain crimes (Rom_13:1-7; 1Ti_1:8-10; Jas_2:10-13; Jas_4:11-12; 1Pe_2:13-15). Both testaments list many sins that damn the soul and incur the eternal death penalty — the lake of fire (Jer_23:1-40; Eze_3:18,33; Mar_7:20-23; Rom_1:18-32; 1Co_6:9-11; Gal_5:19-21; Col_3:5-10; 2Pe_2:1-22; Jud_1:3-19).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 366Though the law of Moses has been abolished, the same sins it condemned (except sabbath-breaking) are now condemned in New Testament scriptures.

18] And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed:

If a man died in a fight the killer was to die (Exo 21:12), but if he was only hurt, the one who smote him was to pay all expenses for his healing including loss of time at work (Exo 21:18-19).

19] If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed.

20] And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished.

21] Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money.

If a man strikes his own servant, the master is to be punished but not put to death since the slave is his property.

22] If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman’s husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.

[fruit depart from her] If two fighting men hurt a pregnant woman causing her to lose the baby, the husband had the right to suggest a fine.

If it was within reason the judges would sanction it and pass sentence accordingly.

If the woman died the person responsible had to pay the death penalty (Exo 21:23-25).

23] And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life,

[life for life] This principle not only reduced the need for jails but

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 367reduced crime to a minimum.

If such laws of God were enforced today crime would be greatly diminished, and fast.

But as long as there is no real fear of punishment crime rates will be increased.

24] Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,25] Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.26] And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of

his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye’s sake.

[if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye’s sake ]

This kind of law made the unmerciful slave holder more humane and fearful lest he lose valuable slave help in his business.

Slaves injured as stated were free to return to their former homes or even leave the country if they so desired.

27] And if he smite out his manservant’s tooth, or his maidservant’s tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth’s sake.

Losing a tooth was no big deal

28] If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.

[If an ox gore a man or woman] Nine penalties for an ox that kills and its owner: 1. Death to an ordinary ox that killed a man (Exo 21:28)2. His flesh not to be eaten3. The owner to be freed4. If a mean ox killed a man and the owner had been negligent,

knowing his ox was mean, then the owner was to die (Exo 21:29)

5. The mean, unruly ox was to die also6. If the death sentence was commuted in the case of a slave

being killed and the owner was fined, he was required to pay

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 368the fine as a ransom for his life (Exo 21:30)

7. This law applied whether sons or daughters were gored (Exo 21:31)

8. The owner was required to pay $75 to the slave owner for a man or woman slave killed by his ox (Exo 21:32)

9. The ox killing a slave was to be stoned

29] But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.

30] If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.

31] Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

32] If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

30 sheckels of silver is the price of a slave.

33] And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;

“Open pit” was typically a cistern.

34] The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.

[owner of the pit shall make it good ...]1. The owner of a pit wherein an animal died was to make it good

if he was found negligent (Exo 21:33-34)2. He was to give money to the owner of any animal thus killed

(Exo 21:34)3. The dead beast then belonged to the owner of the pit4. If one ox killed another, then the live ox was to be sold and the

money divided between the two owners (Exo 21:35)5. The dead ox was to be divided also6. If it was known that the live ox was mean, and the owner did not

confine him, then the owner was to pay ox for ox (Exo

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 36921:36)

7. The dead ox then was to belong to the one who paid the fine

35] And if one man’s ox hurt another’s, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide.

36] Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 370

Exodus 22Property Rights1] If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it;

he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.

[If a man shall steal ...]Six penalties for stealing:1. Restore five oxen for one ox (Exo 22:1)2. Restore four sheep for one sheep3. Death penalty for killing a thief in the daytime - in cold blood

after he had got away (Exo 22:3); no death penalty for killing a thief breaking into a home at night (Exo 22:2)

4. Full restitution according to the law required of a thief who was caught (Exo 22:3)

5. Slavery for a thief who could not make full restitution, the full penalty to be worked out before he was set free

6. Double for any animal found alive in the hands of a thief (Exo 22:4)

[four sheep for a sheep] David thus judged. See 2Sa 12:6.

2] If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for him.

3] If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.

4] If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.

5] If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man’s field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.

[best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard] Twofold penalty for spite work:1. The best of one’s own field to be given in restitution

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3712. The best of one’s own vineyard to be given in restitution

This applied when a man permitted his beast to destroy the field or vineyard of a neighbor.

6] If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.

[he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution] Restitution for loss by fire in case of carelessness.

They would clear the fields by burning, thus this refers to careless handling which caused damage.

7] If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man’s house; if the thief be found, let him pay double.

[let him pay double ...]Eight commands - property in trust:1. A person was to pay double for stealing money or other

valuables held in trust.2. If the thief is not found, the man responsible for his neighbor’s

goods was to be tried by judges to determine if he stole the goods (Exo 22:8).

3. All manner of trespasses was to be tried before judges (Exo 22:9).

4. Double was to be paid in case of conviction.5. Acquittal of responsibility in case of loss of animals in trust

(Exo 22:10-11).6. Owner was to accept the oath of his neighbor that he was not

to blame (Exo 22:11).7. If stock entrusted to a person was stolen, restitution was made

by him (Exo 22:12). This implies that the person did not take care of that which was entrusted to him as he would his own stock.

8. A person was not to make good any stock torn by beasts which could not have been prevented (Exo 22:13).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3728] If the thief be not found, then the master of the house shall

be brought unto the judges, to see whether he have put his hand unto his neighbour’s goods.

[judges] ’elohiym (H430), gods.

Here it stands for men who represent God in executing justice according to His law.

Such men act in His stead, according to Rom 13:1-6.

This meaning should be given to the term "judges" in Exo 18:15-19; Exo 21:6; Exo 22:8, Exo 22:9 (cp. Psa 82:1, Psa 82:6; Joh 10:34-35).

God instituted human government through Noah and now added many more laws to civil government in Israel, to make His will more complete.

There was no appeal to a higher court or for another trial when the judges gave their decision.

9] For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour.

10] If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:

11] Then shall an oath of the LORD be between them both, that he hath not put his hand unto his neighbour’s goods; and the owner of it shall accept thereof, and he shall not make it good.

[oath of the LORD] A solemn vow in the presence of God. Such oaths were sacred.

They believed God would judge a man with calamity who made a false vow before Him; it was taken for granted that one was innocent who would make such an oath.

Written contracts are not as binding today as a mere oath was then.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 37312] And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution

unto the owner thereof.13] If it be torn in pieces, then let him bring it for witness,

and he shall not make good that which was torn.14] And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be

hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good.

[make it good ...]Two commands - borrowed property: 1. Restitution for loss of borrowed animals2. No penalty if the owner is present when such animals die (Exo

22:15)

15] But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire.

[he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire]

If present the owner could take care of his own property, so the borrower was not held responsible.

In the case of anything hired, the price of the hire covered any risk that the owner would run.

16] And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.

This law curbed seduction and fornication.

Before a man would seduce a virgin, he might consider whether he wanted her to be his wife and give the customary dowry if the parents consented.

If her parents did not consent, the dowry was still paid in full, regardless of the objections.

When they did consent, she could not be divorced, as a wife could for certain reasons otherwise (Deu 22:28-29).

This in itself may have kept many from sinning with a virgin.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 37417] If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall

pay money according to the dowry of virgins.[money according to the dowry of virgins] The dowry for

virgins was 50 shekels of silver or $125 (Deu 22:28-29).

A shekel weighed approximately 0.5 ounces

Idolatry and Witchcraft not Tolerated

18] Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.[suffer] "Allow, permit."

No spiritualist medium was permitted to live in Israel.

Each one found was to be put to death (Lev 19:31; Lev 20:27; Deu 18:9-14).

This is why the witch of Endor was afraid of Saul (1Sa 28:3, 1Sa 28:7-25).

Witchcraft was like the sin of rebellion (1Sa 15:23; 2Ki 9:22; 2Ch 33:6; Nah 3:4; Gal 5:20).

Witches claimed to reveal hidden secrets by contact with God and the invisible world (Isa 8:19).

They seduced the people to turn them from God; thus they were to be killed (Deu 13:1-18).

19] Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death.The sin of bestiality was punishable by death (Lev 18:23; Lev

20:15-16; Deu 27:21).

Sodomy was prevalent among the Canaanites.

20] He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the LORD only, he shall be utterly destroyed.

The death penalty for idolatry - breaking the second commandment (Exo 20:4-6; Deu 5:8-10).

[destroyed] charam (H2763), "to seclude."

It refers to final separation from God with no possibility of redemption.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 375The phrase "utterly destroyed" is found about fifty times referring to complete destruction and cutting off of cities and nations (Lev 26:44; Num 21:2).

Idolatry and witchcraft were capital crimes.

21] Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

[vex] H3238 ינה yanah to oppress, suppress, treat violently, maltreat, vex, do wrong; to maltreat

Four commands - oppression: 1. Do not vex a stranger (Exo 22:21)2. Do not oppress him3. Do not afflict a widow (Exo 22:22)4. Do not afflict an orphan

[for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt] While a stranger was a foreigner, and they were not to intermarry, yet they were to show hospitality and protect from abuse.

In remembrance of when they were strangers in a strange land.

National pride because of ancestry, victory in war, learning, riches, and even religion has always been a human weakness. In excess it causes prejudice, malice and hatred of others of all peoples.

Here God used the slavery experience of Israel in Egypt to warn them against oppressing other nations and the weak and poor among themselves.

22] Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.23] If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto

me, I will surely hear their cry;[I will surely hear their cry]Punishment for oppressing people was not left to the judges.

God reserved the right of all such punishment for Himself (Exo 22:23-24).

Five Warnings from God to Oppressors1. God will hear the cry of oppressed (Exo 22:23).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3762. God will become angry at oppressors (Exo 22:24).3. God will kill them with the sword.4. God will make their wives widows.5. God will make their children orphans.

24] And my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.

25] If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.

Three commands concerning loans:1. Do not be a usurer to the poor.2. Do not charge them interest.3. Do not take raiment as a pledge and hold it over night (Exo

22:26; Deu 24:10-13).

The robe of the poor many times was the only covering for the night (Exo 22:27).

26] If thou at all take thy neighbour’s raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down:

27] For that is his covering only, it is his raiment for his skin: wherein shall he sleep? and it shall come to pass, when he crieth unto me, that I will hear; for I am gracious.

[for I am gracious]Seven Things that God Is to His People1. A shield (Gen 15:1)2. An exceeding great reward (Gen 15:1)3. A jealous God (Exo 20:5)4. Gracious (Exo 22:27)5. Holy (Lev 11:44-45)6. Their part (Num 18:20)7. Their inheritance (Num 18:20)

28] Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people.

Two commands against anarchy:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3771. Do not revile the gods (’Elohiym (H430), the Trinity).

There is no definite article before "God" in the Hebrew here as before "judges" in Exo 22:8-9. See Trinity.

2. Do not curse your ruler whose authority comes from God.

29] Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me.

[Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits]Eight commands to Israel:1. Offer the first of all ripe fruit and fruit juices to Me (Exo 22:29).2. Give Me your firstborn sons.3. Give Me the firstborn of sheep and cattle (Exo 22:30).4. Let the young stay with the mother for eight days.5. Give them to Me the eighth day. See Jesus’ birth activity –

Circumcision, Redemption of the 1st born, Cleansing offering for Mary

6. Be holy men unto Me (Exo 22:31).7. Do not eat flesh torn of beasts. OT roadkill…8. Cast torn meat to the dogs

These commands applied solely to Israel, not to Gentiles.

They concerned the Jews until the Messiah made the new covenant based on better promises (Heb 8:6).

30] Likewise shalt thou do with thine oxen, and with thy sheep: seven days it shall be with his dam; on the eighth day thou shalt give it me.

31] And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 378

Exodus 231] Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with

the wicked to be an unrighteous witness.[Thou shalt not faise a false report ...] Five commands concerning justice:1. Do not invent a false report against your neighbor.2. Do not join the wicked to be a false witness.

Let evil die alone.3. Do not follow a multitude to do evil, or think the majority to be

always right (Exo 23:2). Do right if you have to stand alone.

4. Do not join any cause or follow any multitude in taking justice from anyone.

5. Do not take up the cause of a poor man through sympathy if he is wrong (Exo 23:3).

When justice is at stake, neither wealth nor poverty must be favored. Impartial justice must be given.

2] Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment:

3] Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause.4] If thou meet thine enemy’s ox or his ass going astray,

thou shalt surely bring it back to him again.[thou shalt surely bring it back to him again ...]Two commands - loving enemy: 1. Bring back your enemy’s stock if you find it going astray (Exo

23:4).2. Help his ass if you see it lying under a burden (Exo 23:5).

5] If thou see the ass of him that hateth thee lying under his burden, and wouldest forbear to help him, thou shalt surely help with him.

6] Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor in his cause.

Five commands concerning injustice:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3791. Do not condone a poor man in his crimes, nor condemn him in

his righteous cause (Exo 23:6).2. Keep yourself from all falsehood (Exo 23:7).3. Do not be a party to slaying the innocent and righteous.4. Do not accept bribes (Exo 23:8).5. Do not oppress the stranger (Exo 23:9; Exo 22:21-24).

7] Keep thee far from a false matter; and the innocent and righteous slay thou not: for I will not justify the wicked.

8] And thou shalt take no gift: for the gift blindeth the wise, and perverteth the words of the righteous.

[gift blindeth the wise, and perverteth the words of the righteous]

Bribes can blind the wise and cause the godly to sin.

9] Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

The Sabbath of the LandDo not confuse this with the Sabbath for man to rest the seventh day. The Sabbath was made for man.

But there is a Sabbath of the land also.

10] And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof:

Seven commands - the sabbatic year: 1. Sow the land for six years (Lev 25:1-55).2. Harvest the crops for six years.3. Let it rest the seventh year (Exo 23:11).4. Let the poor have all that the land produces by itself the

seventh year.5. Let the beasts eat all that the poor leave the seventh year.6. Let the poor have the increase of the vineyards the seventh

year.7. Let the poor have the crops of the oliveyards the seventh year.

11] But the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie still; that the poor of thy people may eat: and what they leave the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 380beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shalt deal with thy vineyard, and with thy oliveyard.

12] Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.

[Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest]

Two weekly commands:1. Work six days.2. Rest the seventh day.

[seventh day] The seventh day sabbath was a day later each year, after an extra sabbath was added at Pentecost.

See Twenty-two Facts about Sabbaths.[that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.] Every creature needs rest to be refreshed for further work.

In the Old Testament, God decreed that man would always have a day of rest after six days of work;

He also chose the day of rest.

The New Testament allows one to choose any day for rest (Rom 14:5-6; Col 2:14-16).

Most Christians choose Sunday. Some denominations choose Saturday.

Lev 24 & 25, The Sabbath of the land.

They did not keep this law for 490 years and because they did, God sent them to be slaves.

God prophesied that they would be taken captive by Babylon (Lev 26:34-43; Jer 38:14-22; 2 Chr 36:21)

It was specifically prophesied by Jeremiah that it would be 70 years that they would be enslaved (2 Chr 36:17-21).

This is important to us, as if we understand the Sabbath year, it helps us to understand the 70th week of Daniel.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 381Jubilee YearThe Jubilee Year (7 x 7 +1= 50th year), Lev 25. On the Jubilee year all slaves go free. All land returns to it’s rightful owner.

Technically one did not sell land, they entered into what we would call a lease, paid for use of land, but the land’s conveyance was actually by genealogy.

There were also procedures by which a kinsman could redeem the land.

Title deed had the deed inside and the instructions on how the kinsman could redeem the deed written on the outside (Rev 5 = title deed of the earth).

Jubilee year, all debts are forgiven.

This is spoken of as the “time of the restitution of all things.”

Acts 3, in Peter’s second sermon, in referring to the second coming of Jesus Christ, he refers to it as ‘the time of restitution of all things.’

Real students of prophecy understand that everything in the Mosaic economy (the feasts, the Sabbatical year, etc) could probably argue that the Jubilee year is also prophetically significant: the time of restitution of all things, during which all slaves go free, all debts are forgiven, and the land returns to its rightful owners.

One can infer that the second coming of Jesus Christ will be on a Jubilee year, but the problem is that scholars are not sure when the Jubilee year will be.

There are major divisions and problems in counting.

It is not clear when they started, it is not clear by what you count, and there are elaborate complicated arguments justifying any of several systems.

Only God knows for certain….

13] And in all things that I have said unto you be circumspect: and make no mention of the name of other gods, neither let it be heard out of thy mouth.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 382Three commands - reverence to God: 1. Be careful in all things.2. Mention no other gods by name.3. Let it not be heard from your mouth.

14] Three times thou shalt keep a feast unto me in the year.

The FeastsThese are elaborated on later; only 3 of the 7 are mentioned here.

Three yearly feasts for males:1. The feast of unleavened bread, which included the feasts of

the passover and firstfruits (Lev 23:5-14)2. The feast of Pentecost (Lev 23:15-22)3. The feast of tabernacles (Lev 23:33-44)

Eight Commands - National Feasts 1. Keep three feasts unto Me each year.2. Keep the feast of unleavened bread.3. Eat unleavened bread seven days (Exo 23:15).4. Keep it in the time and manner that I commanded you (Exo

23:15; Exo 12:1-51).5. None shall appear before Me empty.6. Keep the feast of firstfruits (Exo 23:16).7. Keep the feast of tabernacles.8. All males shall appear before Me three times a year (Exo

23:17; Exo 34:23; Deu 16:16).

15] Thou shalt keep the feast of unleavened bread: (thou shalt eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee, in the time appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest out from Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:)

Twenty-six Laws — Passover and Unleavened Bread1. On the tenth day of Nisan, the first month, take a lamb and

keep it up until the fourteenth day (Exo_12:3-6).2. If one household is too small for a lamb, let two families share

it so that there will be no waste (Exo_12:4).3. The lamb shall have no blemish (Exo_12:5).4. It shall be a male of the first year (Exo_12:5).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3835. Kill the lamb in the evening of the fourteenth day of Nisan

(Exo_12:6)6. Sprinkle the blood on doorposts and lintels of the door

(Exo_12:7, Exo_12:22-23).7. Roast the whole lamb; eat with unleavened bread and bitter

herbs (Exo_12:8-9)8. Do not eat it raw or boiled (Exo_12:9).9. Eat all of it; if any remains until morning burn it with fire

(Exo_12:10).10. Eat in haste with loins girded and shoes on ready to travel

(Exo_12:11).11. Eat in the night (Exo_12:8, Exo_12:10, Exo_12:18).12. The ordinance shall be a memorial forever (Exo_12:14,

Exo_12:17, Exo_12:24; Eze_45:17).13. Remove leaven from your houses; eat unleavened bread only

(Exo_12:15, Exo_12:19-20; Exo_13:3-7).14. Begin the feast of unleavened bread at the time of the

passover (Exo_12:15-20).15. Eat unleavened bread seven days (Exo_12:15).16. The first and seventh days shall be holy convocations with no

work (Exo_12:16).17. Have no leaven whatsoever in your houses for the entire

seven days (Exo_12:18-19).18. No stranger shall eat the passover (Exo_12:43).19. No uncircumcised male shall eat of it (Exo_12:44-48).20. No foreigner or hired servant shall eat of it (Exo_12:45).21. It shall not be sent to others outside the house, but shall be

eaten inside only (Exo_12:46).22. Break no bone of the passover lamb (Exo_12:46; cp.

Joh_19:33, Joh_19:36).23. All the congregation of Israel shall keep the passover

(Exo_12:47).24. It is to be kept this month—Abib or Nisan (Exo_13:5)—and

yearly (Num_9:2-6).25. People defiled at the passover time could eat it one month

later (Num_9:2-14).26. Sacrificial lambs were to be killed only at the tabernacle

(Deu_16:5-6).

[as I commanded thee] Exo 12:14-20; Exo 16:6-8; Lev 23:5-14[Abib] This was the first month of the year for Israel,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 384corresponding to late March and early April (Exo 12:2, Exo 12:18; Exo 13:4).

[empty] None shall come before Me without bringing gifts and sacrifices (Deu 16:17).

“Abib” is the same month as Nisan.

16] And the feast of harvest, the firstfruits of thy labours, which thou hast sown in the field: and the feast of ingathering, which is in the end of the year, when thou hast gathered in thy labours out of the field.

[the feast of harvest] (Lev 23:15-22).

“Feast of Harvest” is the Feast of Pentecost or the Feast of Weeks.

[feast of ingathering] (Lev 23:33-44).

“Feast of Ingathering” is the Feast of Tabernacles.

17] Three times in the year all thy males shall appear before the Lord GOD.

There are Seven Feasts of Moses, but these three are the ones where every able bodied male had to be in Jerusalem.

18] Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread; neither shall the fat of my sacrifice remain until the morning.

Four Commands concerning Offerings1. Do not offer the blood of any sacrifice with leavened bread.

Leaven symbolized evil (2Co 5:5-8).2. Do not leave the fat of any sacrifice until the morning.3. Bring the firstfruits of the land to the house of the Lord (Exo

23:19).4. Do not boil a kid sacrifice in his mother’s milk (Exo 23:19; Exo

34:26; Deu 14:21; cp. Lev 22:28; Deu 22:6). This could refer to a superstitious harvest custom in which a kid boiled in its mother’s milk was used to propitiate gods and sprinkled on crops as a charm to increase production the coming year.

Origin of Kosher

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 38519] The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring into

the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s milk.

This is the origin of “Kosher” - the issue of not having milk and beef together in the same meal is a rabbinical extension from this line. However, notice that Abraham served a “non-kosher” meal in Genesis 18:6-8.

Divine Link Between Land and Israel20] Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the

way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared.

Twenty Predictions of God1. I will send an Angel before you (Exo 23:20).2. Beware, for He will not pardon your transgressions (Exo

23:21).3. I will be an enemy to your enemies (Exo 23:22).4. The Angel will bring you into the promised land (Exo 23:23).5. I will cut off your enemies.6. God will bless your bread and water (Exo 23:25).7. He will take away sickness.8. No creature will give premature birth (Exo 23:26).9. Men and beasts will not be barren.10. Men will live out their days.11. My fear will go before you (Exo 23:27).12. I will destroy the people (enemies).13. I will make your enemies flee.14. I will send hornets before you to drive them (the pagan

nations) out (Exo 23:28).15. I will not drive them out in one year (Exo 23:29).16. I will drive them out gradually, as you occupy the land (Exo

23:30).17. I will set your boundaries (Exo 23:31).18. I will deliver the people into your hands.19. You will drive them out.20. If you serve their gods they will ensnare you (Exo 23:33).

[Angel] This Angel was the second Person of the Trinity in His preincarnate state as God, equal with the other two of the Godhead.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 386Proof that the Angel Was GodGod’s name was in HimThe expression "the angel of the Lord" is used 25 times by Moses. – Scripture identifies this Person as divine, calling Him God and

Lord. – To Hagar He said, I will multiply your seed; the Lord has heard

your affliction; I will make him a great nation (Gen 16:7-12; Gen 21:17-18).

– To Abraham He said, Now I know; you have not withheld your son from Me; by Myself I have sworn; I will bless you; I will multiply you (Gen 22:11-12, Gen 22:15-17).

– To Jacob He identified Himself as the God of Bethel (Gen 31:11-13).

Jacob spoke of Him as his Redeemer (Gen 48:16). – To Moses He identified Himself as the God of your fathers, the

I AM (Exo 3:2-4:28), and as the One in the pillar of fire by night and the cloud by day (Exo 14:19, Exo 14:24-31; Exo 23:20, Exo 23:23; Exo 32:34; Exo 33:2; Num 20:16).

– To Balaam He identified Himself as the Lord (Num 22:22-35). – He appeared to Joshua as Captain of the Lord’s host, a divine

Person in whose presence he (like Moses in Exo 3:5) was required to remove his shoes (Jos 5:13-15).

21] Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.

[Beware of him ...]Twelve Commands to Israel1. Beware of the Angel (Exo 23:21).2. Obey His voice.3. Provoke Him not.4. Do not bow down to gods of pagans (Exo 23:24).5. Do not serve their gods.6. Do not practice works of pagans.7. Utterly overthrow them.8. Break down their images.9. Serve the Lord your God (Exo 23:25).10. Make no covenant with pagans (Exo 23:32).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 38711. Make no covenant with their gods.12. Live separated (Exo 23:33).

[my name is in him]This statement denotes that the full authority of God was upon Him, in Him, around Him, in His heart and nature.

Similar statements are made of Christ in Col 1:19; Col 2:9.

As the representative of the Godhead the Angel was essentially all God could be in their midst to lead, keep, and bring them into Canaan.

The phrase "he will not pardon your transgressions" has been translated various ways –

"He may not rise to punish you (without forgiveness), for My power is around Him" (Fenton);

"He beareth not with your transgression, for My name is in His heart" (Young);

"He will not pardon your offence, since I am manifest in Him" (Moffatt); and

"perhaps He will not pardon your transgressions, for My name is upon Him" (Peshitta).

The Septuagint reads, "for He should not withdraw Himself from you, for My name is upon Him."

These renderings confirm the Angel was a divine Person with the sovereign prerogative to uphold the divine holiness and honor.

God alone has power to forgive or not forgive.

22] But if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries.

[if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all that I speak] Like all promises in Scripture, these are conditional (see Exo 23:21, Exo 23:22, Exo 23:24, Exo 23:25, Exo 23:32-33).

23] For mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 388the Canaanites, the Hivites, and theJebusites: and I will cut them off.

[Angel] The second Person of the Trinity

[Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites] S

ix nations listed here; ten nations in Gen 15:19-21; seven nations in Deu 7:1; six nations (and thirty-one kings) in Jos 12:1-24.

24] Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images.

[images] Sacred pillars or statues (Exo 23:24; Exo 24:4; Exo 34:13).

The natural man has a tendency toward superstitious and idolatrous practices.

Ten Sins that Destroyed Pagans1. Incest (Lev 18:3-18, Lev 18:24; Lev 20:11-23)2. Relationship with unclean women (Lev 18:19; Lev 20:18, Lev

20:23)3. Adultery (Lev 18:20, Lev 18:24-29; Lev 20:10)4. Offering human sacrifices (Lev 18:21, Lev 18:24-29; Lev

20:1-6, Lev 20:23)5. Homosexuality (Lev 18:22-29; Lev 20:13)6. Bestiality (Lev 18:23-29; Lev 20:15-16)7. Witchcraft (Lev 20:6, Lev 20:23-27; Deu 18:9-12)8. Cursing parents (Lev 20:9, Lev 20:23)9. Idolatry (Exo 23:24; Deu 7:4, Deu 7:16, Deu 7:25; Deu 12:2-

3, Deu 12:29-31)10. General wickedness and perhaps all the sins Israel was

forbidden to commit (Deu 9:4-5; Deu 23:17-18; Deu 29:18; etc.)

Biblical Facts about False Gods1. Worship of condemned (Exo 20:3)

2. Manufacture of (Exo 20:4; Exo 32:4, Exo 32:20; Deu 4:23;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 389Isa 40:19-20; Isa 44:9-17; Hab 2:18; Act 19:24-25)

3. Manufacture of forbidden (Exo 20:4; Exo 34:17)

4. Materials made of:(1) Silver and gold (Exo 32:3-4; Psa 115:4-7; Psa 135:15-17;

Isa 2:20; Isa 30:22; Isa 31:7; Hos 8:4)(2) Wood and stone (Lev 26:1; Deu 4:28; 2Ki 19:18; Isa

37:19; Isa 44:13-19; Isa 45:20; Eze 20:32)

5. Names of idols:(1) Molech, Moloch, or Milcom, national god of Ammon; the same

as Chemosh of Moab (Lev 18:21; Lev 20:2-5; 1Ki 11:5-7, 1Ki 11:33; 2Ki 23:10-13; Jer 32:35; Amo 5:26; Act 7:43). See Molech.

(2) Baal, the male sun god worshiped as the chief deity among heathen nations in western Asia (Num 22:41; Jdg 2:13; Jdg 6:25-32; 1Ki 16:31-32; 1Ki 18:19-26, 1Ki 18:40; 1Ki 19:18; 1Ki 22:53; 2Ki 3:2; 2Ki 10:18-28; 2Ki 11:18; 2Ki 17:16; 2Ki 21:3; 2Ki 23:4-5; 1Ch 4:33; 1Ch 5:5; 1Ch 8:30; 1Ch 9:36; 2Ch 23:17; Jer 2:8; Jer 7:9; Jer 11:13, Jer 11:17; Jer 12:16; Jer 19:5; Jer 23:13, Jer 23:27; Jer 32:29, Jer 32:35; Hos 2:8; Hos 13:1; Zep 1:4; Rom 11:4).

His altars and sanctuaries were located on high places - even the summits of high mountains - in order to get the first view of the rising sun, the last of the setting sun. The sun was believed to be the source and emblem of all life and the generative power of nature.

(3) Baal-berith, Baal of the covenant, god of Shechem (Jdg 8:33; Jdg 9:4)

(4) Baalim, plural of Baal (Jdg 2:11; Jdg 3:7; Jdg 8:33; Jdg 10:6, Jdg 10:10; 1Sa 7:4; 1Sa 12:10; 1Ki 18:18; 2Ch 17:3; 2Ch 24:7; 2Ch 28:2; 2Ch 33:3; 2Ch 34:4; Jer 2:23; Jer 9:14; Hos 2:13, Hos 2:17; Hos 11:2)

(5) Baalzebub, a compound Hebrew word meaning "lord of the flies."

Called the "god of Ekron" (2Ki 1:2-3, 2Ki 1:6, 2Ki 1:16), Baalzebub was considered the producer of flies.

As such, he was believed to be the god who could defend against them.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 390Flies were among the most terrible plagues of the East, so it was natural for pagans to have a god of the flies, just as they had gods of rain, thunder, and other things. Baalzebub was also highly regarded as a giver of oracles (which is why Ahaziah looked to him for answers in 2Ki 1:1-18), and flies were probably thought of as his messengers.

(6) Beelzebub, the New Testament name for Baalzebub, above. Jews considered him the chief of the evil spirits (Mat 10:25; Mat 12:27);

the Pharisees called him the "prince of devils" (Mat 12:24; Mar 3:22; Luk 11:15); and Jesus identified him with Satan (Luk 11:18).

(7) Ashtaroth (plural) or Ashtoreth (singular), the Canaanites’ principal female deity who was supposedly embodied in the moon which was named Ashtoreth (Jdg 2:13; Jdg 10:6; 1Sa 7:3-4; 1Sa 12:10; 1Sa 31:10; 1Ki 11:5, 1Ki 11:33; 2Ki 23:13).

She was typically portrayed as a naked woman (very similar to the familiar images of Venus), occasionally with a crescent moon on her brow. Ashtoreth was closely associated with the Egyptian Isis, the Babylonian and Assyrian Ishtar, the Greek Aphrodite and the Roman Venus.

Thus, as a goddess of sexual passion and fertility, she was worshiped with the most perverted forms of sexual immorality.

Doves were often considered sacred to her.(8) ’Asherah (H842). Worshiped as the wife of Baal in Canaanite

mythology.(9) Bel, god of Babylon (Isa 46:1; Jer 50:2; Jer 51:44)(10) Chemosh, god of Moab, the same as Molech of Ammon (Jdg

11:24; 1Ki 11:7, 1Ki 11:33; 2Ki 23:13; Jer 48:7, Jer 48:13, Jer 48:46)

(11) Golden calf, god of backslidden Israel (Exo 32:4-35; Deu 9:16-21; Neh 9:18; Psa 106:19)

(12) Golden calves of Bethel and Dan, gods of backslidden Israel (1Ki 12:28-32; 2Ki 10:29; 2Ki 17:16; 2Ch 11:15; 2Ch 13:8; Hos 8:5-6; Hos 10:5; Hos 13:2)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 391(13) Merodach, god of Babylon (Jer 50:2)(14) Nebo, god of Babylon (Isa 46:1)(15) Nehushtan, brazen serpent god of backslidden Israel (2Ki

18:4)(16) Net and Drag, an idol of backslidden Israel (Hab 1:15-17)(17) Sun, moon, stars - objects of worship in backslidden Israel

(Deu 4:19; 2Ki 17:16; 2Ki 21:3-5; 2Ch 33:15-16; Zep 1:4-5; Act 7:42)

(18) Succoth-benoth (2Ki 17:30), a Babylonian goddess (also known as Zer-banit), the wife of Bel who was the chief deity in Babylonian mythology.

The term literally means, "booths of the daughters," suggesting tents used for idolatrous prostitution.

(19) Nergal, god of Cuthites (2Ki 17:30). Nergal (meaning hero) was a well-known Assyrian deity.

On the monuments he is called the great brother, the storm ruler, the god of battles (associated with Mars), and the god of the chase, the last being his principal title. Assyrian kings knew him best as the patron of hunting, and he was believed to represent the deified hero and hunter, Nimrod. His symbol was a man-lion, or human-headed lion with eagle’s wings.

(20) Ashima, the god of Hamath, a deity worshiped under the figure of a goat without wool.

The goat is found among the sacred animals of the Babylonian monuments. Ashima corresponded with the Egyptian Mendes, the Greek Pan, and the Phoenician Esmun.

(21) Nisroch (2Ki 19:37), was either an Assyrian god whose temple was in Ninevah, or the name of the temple itself where Senacherib was worshiping when he was murdered by his sons. Nisroch may be a lengthened form of the Arabic nisr, meaning "an eagle."

Eagle-headed figures have been found in the Assyrian bas-reliefs, which may correspond to the god Nisroch.

(22) Nibhaz, the god of the Avites (2Ki 17:31).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 392Nothing is known as to its shape or peculiar traits. Hebrew interpreters say that it was a man with the head of a dog.

Egyptians worshiped the dog, and their god Anubis fits this description.

(23) Tartak, another god of the Avites (2Ki 17:31), thought by some to be in the form of a donkey.

Others believe it refers to a planet - Mars or Saturn perhaps.(24) Rimmon, Syria (2Ki 5:18)(25) Adrammelech (2Ki 17:31) was a god of the Sepharvites,

supposedly identical with Molech.(26) Anammelech (2Ki 17:31) was another god of the

Sepharvites, thought by some to be in the form of a horse. Human sacrifices were offered to it.

(27) Pictures (Num 33:52; Isa 2:16; Eze 8:10)(28) Gods of Egypt - animals (Exo 12:12)(29) Chiun (Amo 5:26). Remphan (Act 7:43)(30) Jupiter, supreme god of Greece (Act 14:12-13; Act 19:35)(31) Mercury, the Roman god of commerce (Act 14:12)(32) The "unknown god" of Greece (Act 17:23)(33) Diana, goddess of Greece (Act 19:24-25)(34) Dagon was the national god of Philistia.

The name is derived from dag (H1709), "a fish." It means little fish, and refers not so much to size as to affection for it, as "dear little fish."

From a description of it in 1Sa 5:4 and elsewhere we suppose that the idol was shaped to represent a man with the tail of a fish similar to the mermaid. Ancient Babylonians believed that a being part-man and part-fish emerged from the Erythraean Sea and appeared at Babylonia in the early days of its history, teaching the people the various arts necessary to their well-being.

The god was supposed to represent the reproductive powers of nature, and the fish was an appropriate creature for such an idea, due to its enormous powers of multiplication.

A single fish of some species can lay 30,000,000 eggs

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 393annually.

Representations of this fish god have been found among the sculptures of Nineveh.

The Philistine god no doubt came from this source (1Sa 5:1-12)

(35) The image of the beast (Rev 13:1-18)Such terms as strange gods, molten gods, gold gods, stone gods, wood gods, and others are found in Scripture.

Israel multiplied gods until they were as many as their cities (Jer 2:28).

The worship of idols is called the worship of devils (Lev 17:7; Deu 32:17; 2Ch 11:15; Psa 106:37; 2Co 10:7-8,20-21; Rev 9:20-21).

6. Idolatrous Practices:(1) Prayers to idols (Jdg 10:14; 1Ki 18:25-29; Isa 16:12; Isa

44:17; Isa 45:20; Isa 46:7; Jon 1:5)(2) Human sacrifices to (Lev 18:21; Lev 20:2-5; Deu 12:31; Deu

18:10; 2Ki 3:26-27; 2Ki 16:3; 2Ki 17:17-18; 2Ki 21:6; 2Ki 23:10; 2Ch 28:3; 2Ch 33:6; Psa 106:37-38; Isa 57:5; Jer 7:31; Jer 19:4-7; Jer 32:35; Eze 16:20-21; Eze 20:26-31; Eze 23:37-39; Mic 6:7)

(3) Rites for the dead (Deu 14:1)(4) Unspeakable immoralities (Exo 32:6, Exo 32:25; Num 25:1-3;

1Ki 14:24; 1Ki 15:12; 2Ki 17:30; 2Ki 23:7; Eze 16:17; Eze 23:1-44; Hos 4:12-14; Amo 2:8; Mic 1:7; Rom 1:18-32; 2Co 10:7-8; 1Pe 4:3-4; Rev 2:14-22; Rev 9:20-21; Rev 14:8; Rev 17:1-6)

(5) Offering animal sacrifices to (Exo 32:6; 1Ki 18:26; Act 14:13)(6) Libations to (Deu 32:38; Psa 16:4; Isa 57:6; Isa 65:11; Jer

7:18; Jer 19:13; Jer 32:29; Jer 44:17-25; Eze 20:28; Zec 9:7)

(7) Meat offerings to (Isa 57:6; Eze 16:19)(8) Peace offerings to (Exo 32:6)(9) Incense to (1Ki 12:33; 2Ch 30:14; 2Ch 34:25; Isa 65:3; Jer

1:16; Jer 11:12, Jer 11:17; Jer 44:3; Jer 48:35; Eze 16:18; Eze 23:41)

(10) Praise to (Jdg 16:24; Dan 5:4)(11) Singing and dancing (Exo 32:18)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 394(12) Music to (Dan 3:5-7)(13) Cutting the flesh (1Ki 18:28)(14) Kissing and bowing (1Ki 19:18; 2Ki 5:18; Job 31:27; Hos

13:2)(15) Tithes and gifts (2Ki 23:11; Dan 11:38; Amo 4:4-5)(16) Feasts (1Ki 12:32; Eze 18:6, Eze 18:11-15; Eze 22:9; Dan

3:2-3)

7. Sizes and shapes - all sizes and shapes of every kind of animal (Rom 1:21-27; Rev 9:20-21. See Deu 4:15-16)

8. Destiny of all who worship false gods (2Co 6:9-11; Gal 5:19-21; Rev 21:8; Rev 22:15)

Image Worship in ChristendomRegardless of many commands in both testaments against idolatry, images are worshiped by millions today, even in so-called "Christian" lands.

Those who break God’s laws are destined for His wrath. Idolatry was a big problem with Israel.

No Biblical writer ever mentioned images in worship to God in the tabernacle or temple rituals, except when Israel was backslidden and served idol gods.

Images are the work of man (Isa 2:8; Isa 40:19-20; Jer 10:1-9; Hos 8:6; Hos 13:2; Amo 5:26). Being mere imitations of creatures made of dead material, it is folly to worship them (Deu 4:16; Hos 4:12; Isa 44:9-10).

The first Christians were not against art, but they had no images of Christ.

From A.D. 100 to A.D. 400, Christian leaders rebuked those who brought images of Christ and saints into their worship.

The 36th canon of the Synod of Elvira prohibited images as a hindrance to the spiritual worship of God. Eusebius, an important father of church history, opposed them.Ambrose, Jerome, and Augustine all mention pictures made of apostles and Christ and the worship of images as beginning in their day.

The use and adoration of images were popular in the East, being increased by pagan concepts and customs in worship.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 395The theory that images represent the invisible persons became very prominent in some circles. Images began to be used as sponsors and reverence began to be paid to them.

Opposition to image worship then became acute for some time, the conflict being between the emperors and many of the bishops.

Emperors often condemned images as heresy and idolatry, and religious relics were destroyed and thrown into the sea.

In A.D. 766 Constantine sought to impose an oath against image worship, but the Lateran Synod sanctioned images in A.D. 769.

Tarasius, an advocate of images, was made patriarch of the East in A.D. 784; in 787 the synod of Nicea ascribed reverence to images and worship to God through them.

The same decision was reached in the West at the synod of Frankfort (794) and images were again sanctioned at Paris in A.D. 825. Emperors in the East continued their opposition, and advocates of images were exiled for some time. Such worship was restored in the reign of Theodora (843). After A.D. 850 the cult of image worship in churches began to grow due to arguments for images and stories of miracles performed through them. Blessings were claimed for the images themselves and finally in A.D. 1188 it was declared that denial of images was a denial of God. In A.D. 1225 it was said that Christ was not Christ unless He was graven.

Even Thomas Aquinas (1265) declared that an image of Christ claims the same veneration as Christ Himself.

The 25th session of the Council of Trent (1551-1552) justified the worship of images. Thus, from the beginning until now, the controversy has raged, and image worship has been accepted by many as authorized by God.

The fact remains though, that the BIBLE, God’s Word is absolutely and totally against all uses of images in worship.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 39625] And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and he shall

bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee.

[bread, and thy water] Bread and water represent all kinds of provisions from God. Even limited food is sufficient and nutritious when God blesses.

[I will take sickness away from the midst of thee] God literally fulfilled this (Psa 105:37; Psa 107:20); such was His plan forever (Psa 91:1-16; Isa 58:1-14).

Healing

Four Conditions of Healing1. Diligently hear God’s voice—acknowledge Him as God; live

free from idolatry.2. Live righteous lives in His sight.3. Give ear to His commandments—not just the ten, but all of

them.4. Keep all His statutes—regulations for civil and religious life.

Healing and ChasteningNo man needs chastening by intense pain unless he is a rebel against God as stated in Job_33:14.

In that case God allows Satan to afflict him in a final effort to bring him back to Himself.

God does not permit any such affliction as described in Job_33:19-22 unless it is absolutely necessary after rejection as in Job_33:14-18, the only documented exception being this rare case of Job and possibly a blind man Jesus healed John 9:1-5.Christians are to resist the devil in his attacks and he will flee from them (Jas_4:7; 1Pe_5:8-9).One can be quickly freed from the adversities Job endured by appropriating the benefits now revealed in both Testaments (Psa_34:9-10; Psa_37:1-8; Psa_84:11; Psa_91:1-12; Psa_103:1-4; Mat_7:7-11; Mat_8:17; Mat_17:20; Mat_21:22; Mar_9:23; Mar_11:22-24; Luk_11:1-13; Luk_18:1-8; Luk_24:49; Joh_10:10; Joh_14:12-15; Joh_15:7, Joh_15:16; Joh_16:23-26; Act_1:4-8; Act_2:38-39; Act_5:32; 1Co_12:1-11; 2Co_1:20; Eph_6:10-18; Heb_2:1-4; Heb_11:6; Jas_5:14-16; 1Jn_3:21-22;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 3971Jn_5:13-14). It is the blood-bought right, the promised right, the gospel right, and the divine right of Christians to have what is provided through the atonement.

Sickness and Healing1.  Health was natural and eternal before the fall (Gen_1:26-31;

Gen_2:17).2. Both death and sickness originated with sin and are now being

propagated by Satan (Rom_5:12-21; Job_2:6-7; Luk_13:16; Joh_10:10; Act_10:38; 1Jn_3:8).

3. The first prophecy and promise of redemption included healing (Gen_3:15; Isa_53:5; Mat_8:16-17; 1Pe_2:24).

4. The first recorded bodily affliction came through wrongdoing (Gen_20:1-18).

5. The first recorded healing was by the prayer of a prophet (Gen_20:7-17).

6. God made covenants with His people to heal them (Exo_15:26; Exo_23:23; Lev_26:1-46; Deu_28:1-68; Mat_8:17; 1Pe_2:24; Jas_5:14).

7. God has always kept His covenants and has healed multitudes by spiritual means (Psa_103:3; Psa_105:37; Psa_107:20; Act_10:38).

8. Spiritual means to heal is all that God promised and commanded (Exo_15:25; Psa_91:1-16; Isa_58:1-14; Mat_8:17; Mat_13:15; Jas_5:14-16; 1Pe_2:24).

9. Spiritual means were used in the wilderness by Israel (Exo_15:26; Num_11:1-3; Num_12:13-16; Num_21:1-9; Joh_3:14).

10. Healing was promised on condition of obedience (Lev_26:1-46; Deu_28:1-68; Exo_15:26; Psa_91:1-16; Isa_58:1-14; Jas_5:14-15).

11. God permits Satan to afflict sinners and even His own people when they go astray, to bring them to repentance (Job_33:12-30; Psa_38:1-22; Psa_103:3; Num_12:13-16; Num_21:9; 1Co_5:1-5; 2Co_2:6-11; Gal_6:7-8).

12. God always healed when lessons were learned and men repented (Gen_20:7, Gen_20:17; Num_11:2; Num_12:13-

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 39816; Num_21:1-9; Job_33:12-30; Job_42:1-12; Psa_103:3; Jas_5:14-15).

13. Health as well as healing was promised when men met certain conditions (Exo_15:26; Lev_26:1-46; Deu_28:1-68; Psa_91:1-16; Pro_3:1-8; Pro_12:18; Pro_13:3; Pro_15:4; Pro_18:8, Pro_18:21; Isa_58:1-14; Jas_5:14; 1Pe_3:10-11; 3Jn_1:2).

14. Christ came to redeem from both sin and sickness (Isa_53:1-12; Isa_61:1-2; Mat_8:17; Mat_9:5; Gal_3:13; Rom_8:11; Act_10:38; 1Pe_2:24; 1Jn_3:8).

15. Healing is in fulfillment of prophecy (Isa_35:1-10; Isa_53:1-12; Isa_61:1-2; Mat_8:17; Act_10:38; 1Pe_2:24; Mat_13:15).

16. Jesus proved His Sonship by healing all men (Mat_4:23-24; Mat_11:3-6; Luk_4:16-21; Act_10:38; 1Jn_3:8).

17. Every disciple called and sent by Christ was given power to heal (Mat_10:1-8; Mar_6:7-13; Luk_10:1-21; Act_1:8).

18. Jesus commanded His disciples to become filled with power to heal before they went out (Luk_24:49; Act_1:4-8).

19. All disciples throughout this age are commanded to observe the same commands Christ gave the first disciples (Mat_28:20; Act_1:4-8; Mar_16:15-20).

20. Early disciples did confirm the Word by healing (Mar_16:15-20; Act_2:43; Act_3:1-12; Act_5:2-16; Act_6:8; Act_8:7-13; Act_11:19-22; Act_14:3, Act_14:27; Act_15:4, Act_15:12; Act_19:11-12; Act_28:9; Rom_15:18-19, Rom_15:29; 1Co_16:10; Php_1:7; 1Th_2:13; Heb_2:3-4).

21. The Holy Spirit was sent into the world to carry on the healing ministry (Act_1:1-8; Act_2:33; 1Co_12:1-31; Heb_2:3-4).

22. Jesus promised every believer, not only ministers, power to do the works that He did (Mat_17:20; Mat_21:22; Mar_9:23; Mar_11:22-24; Mar_16:15-20; Joh_14:12-15; Joh_15:7, Joh_15:16; Joh_16:23-26; Act_1:4-8).

23. Gifts of healing and other gifts are promised as the spiritual equipment of the church (1Co_1:7; 1Co_12:1-11; Rom_1:11; Rom_12:6-8; Rom_15:18-19, Rom_15:29; Heb_2:3-4).

24. Healing is part of the work of the church (Mat_10:1-8; Luk_10:1-21; Luk_24:49; Act_1:1-8; 1Co_12:1-31; Jas_5:14-16).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 39925. Healing is provided as part of Christ’s atonement (Isa_53:4-5;

Mat_8:16-17; Mat_13:14-15; Joh_3:14; Joh_10:10; Rom_1:16; Rom_8:11; 1Co_11:23-32; Gal_3:13; Jas_5:14-16; 1Pe_2:24; 3Jn_1:2; cp. Exo_15:26; Psa_91:1-16; Psa_103:3).

26. Healing is part of the children’s bread and their promised right by virtue of redemption (Mat_7:7-11; Mat_15:22-28; Mat_17:20; Mat_21:22; Mar_9:23; Mar_11:22-24; Luk_13:16; Joh_3:14-16; Joh_14:12-15; Joh_15:7, Joh_15:16; Joh_16:23-26; 1Jn_3:8, 1Jn_3:20-22; 1Jn_5:14-15; 3Jn_1:2).

27. Healing is one of the signs of the gospel to follow believers (Mar_16:15-20).

28. Healing was not only for the Old Testament days (Exo_15:26; Psa_91:1-16; Psa_103:3) and for the Millennium (Isa_30:26; Isa_33:24; Isa_35:1-10). It is also for this age, or the gospel is faulty and the new covenant worse than the old one (Mat_8:17; Mat_21:22; Mar_9:23; Mar_11:22-24; Mar_16:15-20; Joh_14:12-15; Joh_15:7, Joh_15:16; 2Co_3:6-15; 1Co_12:1-11; Heb_2:3-4).

29. Healing proves that God’s promises are true (2Co_1:20; see above point).

30. Healing is part of salvation, for the Hebrew and Greek words for "salvation" all imply the ideas of forgiveness, healing, health, and full deliverance from the curse (Rom_1:16; Gal_3:13; 1Pe_2:24).

31. Healing can naturally be expected as part of the infinite care of God over His children (Mat_6:10; Mat_7:7-11; Mat_17:20; Mat_21:22; Mar_9:23; Mar_11:22-24; Luk_11:1-13; Luk_18:1-18; Joh_14:12-15; Joh_15:7, Joh_15:16; Joh_16:23-26; Heb_11:6; Jas_1:4-8; Jas_5:14-16).

32. Healing is on the same basis as forgiveness of sins—prayer and faith (Mat_9:1-7; Mat_13:15; Mat_21:22; Act_28:27; Jas_1:4-8; Jas_5:14-16; Heb_11:6).

33. Healing proves the resurrection of Christ and the descent of the Holy Spirit (Act_1:4-8; Act_2:33; Act_3:16; Act_4:12; Rom_8:11).

34. God has provided all necessary means of healing and complete defeat of satanic powers (2Co_10:4-5; Eph_6:10-

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 40018; Mar_16:15-20; Joh_14:12-15; Jas_4:7; Jas_5:14-16; 1Pe_2:24; 1Pe_5:7-9).

35. Healing is always the will of God for His people who may: "ask what ye will" (Joh_15:7); "whatsoever" (Mat_21:22; Joh_14:12-15; Joh_15:16); "anything" (Joh_14:14); "what things soever ye desire" (Mar_11:22-24); and "much more" than earthly parents would or could give their children (Mat_7:7-11).

36. Healing will be part of the eternal experience (Rev 22:2)It is clear in Scripture that physical healing is provided for in the Old and New Testaments. The New Testament is based upon better promises than the Old Testament (Heb_8:6).

26] There shall nothing cast their young, nor be barren, in thy land: the number of thy days I will fulfil.

[number of thy days I will fulfil] No set time to die (Psa 91:1-16; 1Pe 3:10-11).

27] I will send my fear before thee, and will destroy all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.

When Israel was right with God and fought at His direction, no one was lost in battle (Num 31:49; Jos 6:1-27; Jdg 7:1-25; etc.).

28] And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

[hornets] Literal hornets. About an inch long, such insects could rout any nation. If they stung in vital spots, four could kill a horse.

29] I will not drive them out from before thee in one year; lest the land become desolate, and the beast of the field multiply against thee.

God is practical in all things. Cp. 2Ki 17:25.

30] By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land.

31] And I will set thy bounds from the Red sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 401for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand; and thou shalt drive them out before thee.

[bounds] Compare Gen 15:18-21; Ezekiel 47:13-48:35.[sea of the Philistines] The Mediterranean Sea.

[river] The river Euphrates (Gen 15:18). This was fulfilled by David (1Ki 4:21).

32] Thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor with their gods.

33] They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin against me: for if thou serve their gods, it will surely be a snare unto thee.

[lest they make thee sin against me] This was God’s great concern for Israel.

They were unstable as water toward Him, murmuring and rebelling at every test until the old generation was cut off in the wilderness (Num 11:1-35; Num 13-14; Num 21:1-35, etc.).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 402

Exodus 24Covenant Ratified1] And he said unto Moses, Come up unto the LORD, thou,

and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of tthe elders of Israel; and worship ye afar off.

[Nadab, and Abihu] The two oldest sons of Aaron who were killed for getting drunk and offering "strange fire" in the tabernacle (Lev 10:1-20).

Nadab and Abihu are in the inner circle with Moses and Aaron, they seem to have a privileged position.

Later they are destroyed by fire for having offered strange fire before the Lord.

Office and position are no guarantee of salvation

[seventy of the elders of Israel] These were the ones God chose to put His Spirit upon (Num 11:16-25)..

2] And Moses alone shall come near the LORD: but they shall not come nigh; neither shall the people go up with him.

[alone shall come near the LORD] This was to be after the seventy-four had eaten with God on Sinai (Exo 24:9-11).

3] And Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD, and all the judgments: and all the people answered with one voice, and said, All the words which the LORD hath said will we do.

[Moses came] The fourth descent of Moses.

[all the words of the LORD, and all the judgments]The Law of God and Moses Were the Same"All the words" in Exo 24:3 includes the Ten Commandments (Exo 20:1-17).

The theory that they alone were the law of God and the rest was the law of Moses is erroneous.

The Hebrew for words in this verse is dabar (H1697), used for

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 403"word; sentence; commandment; counsel; decree; duty; message; oracle; thought."

It is translated "commandments" in every place where the Ten Commandments are mentioned in the Old Testament (Exo 34:28; Deu 4:13; Deu 10:4).

Exo 24:3 could be translated, "Moses came and told the people all the commandments (dabar (H1697) of the Lord, and all the judgments."

All the people, not part, of the people promised to obey all these words of the Lord.

This is further proof that all commandments, statutes, judgments, ordinances, and laws of Moses made up the one covenant between God and Israel.

All the words include the Ten Commandments (Exo 20:1-17) and judgments (Exodus 20:18-23:33).

Note the following regarding the law of God and Moses:

1. Both ceremonial and moral laws were given on Sinai (Exo 19:1-25; Exo 24:12-18; Exo 25:40; Exo 26:30; Exo 27:8; Exo 31:18; Exo 32:1-35; Exo 34:1-35; Lev 7:38; Lev 25:1; Lev 26:46; Lev 27:34; Num 3:1; Num 15:22).

2. The Ten Commandments are spoken of as the law of Moses (Mat 22:36-40; Rom 2:21-22; Rom 7:7-16; Exo 20:1-26; Deu 5:1-33).

3. God’s law was written in a book as well as on stones (Jos 24:25-26).

4. Such terms as "the Lord said" and "the Lord spake" are used 46 times in Exodus;38 times in Leviticus; 72 times in Numbers; and 50 times in Deuteronomy,

The so-called moral law and the ceremonial law were "one law" (Exo 12:49; Lev 24:22; Num 15:16, Num 15:29).

5. Many terms are used to apply to both, such as "the law" (194 times, Jos 1:7-8; Jos 8:31-35; Joh 1:17); "My law" (Psa 89:30-31; Hos 8:12-13);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 404"the law of the Lord" (1Ch 16:40; Luk 2:22-39); "the book of the law of God" (Jos 24:25-26; Neh 8:1-13;

Neh 9:3; Neh 10:29); "the book of the law of Moses" (Jos 8:31; Jos 23:6); "the law of God and the law of Moses" (Act 13:39; Rom

7:22-25; Heb 10:28); "the law of commandments and handwriting of ordinances"

(Eph 2:15; Col 2:14-17); "the statutes ... ordinances ... and the law and

commandments which God wrote" (Exo 24:12; 2Ki 17:34-37; 2Ch 14:4);

"the whole law ... by the hand of Moses" (2Ch 33:8; 2Ki 17:13; 2Ki 21:8; Gal 5:3); and

"Moses" and "the old testament" (Act 15:21; 2Co 3:6-15; Heb 8:6-9:10).

If God’s law was only written on stones, then we do not have God’s law any longer, because the stones were lost with the ark twenty-five centuries ago.

Exo 24:4 says "Moses wrote all the words of the Lord."

Moses wrote the Ten Commandments, as well as the other words of Jehovah that were spoken to him.

If the Ten Commandments were not a part of the covenant and the words of the Lord, then Israel was not obligated to keep them and did not promise to do so.

Their promise was to keep all the words of the Lord given to Moses;

if this included the Ten Commandments, they were as much a part of the law of Moses as other words of God.

The Ten Commandments are to be recognized not only as the law of God, but also as the law of Moses. They were the same law.

4] And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up early in the morning, and builded an altar under the hill, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel.

[wrote all the words of the LORD] The Law of God and Moses were the same.

[builded an altar]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 405Four Altars Made by Moses1. When Israel defeated Amalek at Rephidim; Moses called this

altar Jehovah-Nissi (Exo 17:13-16)2. When the book of the law was dedicated and sealed by blood

(Exo 24:4-8)3. When the tabernacle and its furniture were built, at which time

Moses made a permanent altar of shittim wood overlaid with brass for continual sacrifices (Exo 27:1-8; Exo 38:1-7)

4. He made also the altar of incense of shittim wood overlaid with gold for the holy place (Exo 30:1-10; Exo 37:25-28; Exo 40:5, Exo 40:26)

[under the hill] At the foot of Mt. Sinai.

[twelve pillars]The twelve pillars here represent the twelve tribes of Israel.

The twelve pillars were of uncut stones used either as a support to the altar (Exo 20:25), or placed around the altar as witnesses that the whole nation accepted the terms of the covenant.

With the altar standing for access to God, both God and Israel were thus represented as making a covenant together.

God proposed the covenant, promising curses for breaking it and blessings for keeping it.

Israel accepted the terms of the covenant and promised obedience to it (Exo 19:5-8; Exo 24:3, Exo 24:7).

It was then ratified by the blood of animals, which signified that disobedience caused life to be forfeited, and showed faith in the coming Redeemer (Exo 24:5-8; Heb 9:18-23).

5] And he sent young men of the children of Israel, which offered burnt offerings, and sacrificed peace offerings of oxen unto the LORD.

[young men of the children of Israel] These were perhaps sons of Aaron who were chosen to minister (Exo 27:21; Exo 28:1).

The whole tribe was not set apart for the firstborn until eleven and a half months after leaving Egypt (Exo 40:1; Num 1:1; Num 3:1-13).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 406[offered burnt offerings, and sacrificed peace offerings of

oxen unto the LORD] The law of offerings had not been given yet (Leviticus 1-7) but they knew what to sacrifice from Adam’s time (Gen 4:3-7; Gen 8:20-21; Gen 12:7; Gen 13:4; Gen 15:9-12; Gen 22:13; Gen 26:25; Gen 31:54; Gen 35:7; Exo 8:26; Exo 10:9, Exo 10:26; Exo 12:1-13).

Abel sacrificed Noah sacrificed Abraham sacrificed

6] And Moses took half of the blood, and put it in basons; and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar.

[blood be sprinkled on the altar] Blood on the altar signified their acceptance of the covenant and pledge to obey it.

Moses read the whole thing (Exodus 20:1-23:33) to assure them no change had been made

This covenant in its entirety was what they promised to keep (Exo 24:7).

After they promised to keep all the law, he took the rest of the blood, sprinkled the book and the people (at least representatives) and considered the covenant binding (Exo 24:7-8; Heb 9:15-23; cp. 1Pe 1:2).

7] And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people: and they said, All that the LORD hath said will we do, and be obedient.

[All that the LORD hath said will we do, and be obedient] Three promises of Israel:1. Before the covenant was given (Exo 19:3-8)2. After Moses came down from Sinai and told Israel the words of

the covenant (Exo 20:1-23:33) before it was written (Exo 24:3-4)

3. After Moses wrote all the words of the covenant and read it to assure them it was the same that he had given them orally (Exo 24:4-8)

8] And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the LORD hath made with you concerning all these words.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 407[Behold the blood of the covenant] Compare Christ’s statement

of the new covenant being dedicated by His blood (Mat 26:28; cp. Heb 9:11-15; Heb 10:9-23).

[these words]Eight Main Parts to the Mosaic Covenant1. The ten words - commandments (Exo 20:1-17)2. The effect of divine presence (Exo 20:18-21)3. The general form of worship (Exo 20:22-26)4. Judgments - Israel’s bill of rights in civil and social relations

(Exo 21:1-23:9)5. The religious and theocratic relationship to Jehovah (Exo

23:10-19)6. The relationship of Israel to nations of the promised land (Exo

23:20-33)7. The fourteen promises and benefits of the covenant:

(1) Real and eternal relationship with the true and living God (Exo 20:1-7, Exo 20:22-26)

(2) Mercy to thousands that love God and keep His commandments (Exo 20:6)

(3) Periods of rest and refreshing (Exo 20:8-11; Exo 23:12-17)

(4) Longevity (Exo 20:12)(5) God’s blessing (Exo 20:24)(6) Just and righteous laws regulating every phase of human

relationship (Exo 21:1-36)(7) Happy and normal relationship of parents and children

(Exo 20:12; Exo 21:15-17)(8) Freedom from false religions; security based on obedience

(Exo 23:21-33)(9) Peace and prosperity (Exo 20:12-17; Exo 23:1-2, Exo

23:7-15, Exo 23:25-26)(10) Three vacations and national feasts a year (Exo 23:14-

17)(11) Divine guidance and protection from enemies and

complete success in wars (Exo 23:20-23)(12) The guarantee of promised land for an eternal home (Exo

23:20-33)(13) Healing and perfect health (Exo 23:25)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 408(14) Supernatural and miraculous help (Exo 23:20-23, Exo

23:27-28)8. Dedication and sealing of the covenant (Exo 24:1-8)

9] Then went up Moses, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel:

[Then went up Moses] The fifth ascent and descent

[seventy of the elders of Israel] Seventy-five men if Joshua was with Moses, as in other places (Exo 24:13; Exo 32:17).

10] And they saw the God of Israel: and there was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as it were the body of heaven in his clearness.

[they saw the God of Israel] These witnesses actually saw God with their eyes and ate and drank with Him on Sinai (Exo 24:10-11). See Forty-four Appearances of God.

[under his feet] Another proof that God has a personal body. A pavement "under his feet" would require Him to have feet (cp. Rev 4:6; Rev 15:2-4). If "he laid not his hand" upon the nobles, then He surely has hands. If "they saw God," He must have a body to see. If they "did eat and drink," then God provided a tangible banquet on Sinai. Twice in Exo 24:10-11 it says "they saw" God. We must accept the facts here as true. It is useless to attempt to explain them away.

11] And upon the nobles of the children of Israel he laid not his hand: also they saw God, and did eat and drink.

[laid not his hand] Laid not His hand in judgment, as men falsely believed He would if they saw God with the eyes.

If they had only touched the mountain before this, they would have been killed (Exo 19:12-25; Heb 12:20).

[they saw God]"Saw" is from chazah (H2372), "to gaze at; behold; see." It is

used of seeing visions (Num 24:4, Num 24:16; Isa 1:1; Isa 2:1;

Amo 1:1); of learning a lesson (Pro 24:32);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 409of seeing God with the eyes and in the flesh (Exo 24:11;

Job 19:26-27; Isa 33:17); of seeing the sun with the eyes (Psa 58:8);of God seeing man with His eyes (Psa 11:4, Psa 11:7);

and of seeing God and His works (Psa 17:15; Psa 27:4; Psa

46:8).

Any argument that because it is also used of visions these men saw God only in vision and not with the eyes is contradicted by the literalness of every detail in this experience.

In addition, the word for "saw" in Exo 24:10 is ra’ah (H7200), "to see; gaze at; look at; stare."

Just a few of the hundreds of uses of this word proves that it means to look upon with eyes (Gen 1:4, Gen 1:10, Gen 1:12, Gen 1:18, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:25, Gen 1:31; Gen 3:6; Gen 6:2; Gen 9:22-23; Gen 12:15; Gen 18:2; Gen 21:9, Gen 21:19; Gen 22:4).

It is impossible to make everything spiritual and invisible in these passages.

Over 25,000 references in Scripture make it clear that God is a real Being with a personal spirit body, soul, and spirit.

[eat and drink] Both God and angels eat and drink (Gen 18:8; Gen 19:3; Psa 78:25; cp. Luk 22:18, Luk 22:30; Rev 19:6-10).

Heb 9:18-20 NKJV Therefore not even the first covenant was dedicated without blood. 19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and goats, with water, scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 20 saying, "THIS IS THE BLOOD OF THE COVENANT WHICH GOD HAS COMMANDED YOU."

Every covenant tends to be ratified by blood and usually preceded by sacrifice (for example the covenant with Noah: Gen 8:8-9; 15:9, 10, 17).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 410The nation is in the presence of God. Ez 1 & 10; Isa 6; Dan 7; Rev 4 & 5 are examples of being confronted with the Throne of God.

“Sapphire stone” – Eze 1:26 And above the firmament over their heads was the likeness of a throne, in appearance like a sapphire stone; on the likeness of the throne was a likeness with the appearance of a man high above it.

Notice here in verse 11 that the nobles are not touched even though they are in the presence of God, in fact, they are comfortable enough to eat and drink! Fellowship.

Stone Tables12] And the LORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the

mount, and be there: and I will give thee tables of stone, and a law, and commandments which I have written; that thou mayest teach them.

[Come up to me] Moses evidently came down with the others after eating with God (Exo 24:9-11) and was now invited back to receive God’s copy of the Ten Commandments.

13] And Moses rose up, and his minister Joshua: and Moses went up into the mount of God.Notice that Joshua goes with Moses, not Aaron.

14] And he said unto the elders, Tarry ye here for us, until we come again unto you: and, behold, Aaron and Hur are with you: if any man have any matters to do, let him come unto them.

[Aaron and Hur] These two men were placed in charge of the camp in the absence of Moses.

15] And Moses went up into the mount, and a cloud covered the mount.

[Moses went up] The sixth ascent of Moses

16] And the glory of the LORD abode upon mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days: and the seventh day he called unto Moses out of the midst of the cloud.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 411[the seventh day] The law was given on Pentecost, fifty days

after they left Egypt.

It was the first day after the seventh sabbath (Lev 23:15-22).

17] And the sight of the glory of the LORD was like devouring fire on the top of the mount in the eyes of the children of Israel.

[sight of the glory of the LORD was like devouring fire] This describes God’s glory as seen with human eyes - a consuming fire devouring inflammable material (Exo 16:7, Exo 16:10; Exo 24:16-17; Exo 40:34-35; Lev 9:6, Lev 9:23; Num 14:10, Num 14:21-22; Num 16:19, Num 16:42; Num 20:6; Deu 5:24; 1Ki 8:11; 2Ch 5:14; 2Ch 7:1-3; Eze 1:28; Eze 3:23; Eze 8:4; Eze 9:3; Eze 10:4, Eze 10:18-19; Eze 11:22-23; Eze 43:2-5; Eze 44:4).

Cf The Burning Bush – burning with God’s presence but NOT consumed – like a wick burns oil but does not burn itself. Exo 3:2

18] And Moses went into the midst of the cloud, and gat him up into the mount: and Moses was in the mount forty days and forty nights.

[Moses was in the mount forty days and forty nights] Moses observed a complete fast - without eating or drinking water for the whole forty days (Deu 9:9-17).

He fasted at least two other forty-day periods following this (Exo 34:28; Deu 9:18, Deu 9:25; Deu 10:10).

In a direct revelation sense, for the people of Israel, this was the high point of 1500 years of subsequent history.

In fact, within 40 days of their fellowship with God, the nation builds a golden calf to worship!!

The leadership continues to be ordained, but the people never again have this experience.

The experience which was available to them only through their leaders, is available to you and me forever, and directly.

That is what the Tabernacle is all about. John 1:14, “The Word became flesh and tabernacled among us.”

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 412The whole Tabernacle is a lesson for us of what Jesus Christ can mean to you and me personally.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 413

Exodus 25 - Overview

Halfway through the book of ExodusGod again declares His desire to dwell with His people?

Ex 25:8: "And let them make Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them.“

The Garden in Eden, the Tabernacle, Temple, and born again man were or are all intended dwelling places of God

• Tabernacle was temporary until a permanent structure, an immovable dwelling place was ready – the Temple,

• The Tabernacle of Exodus lasted for just 400 years then the Temples were built, for use during the kingdom period.

• After that God took on flesh and dwelt among us.

• Then God took up His abode within each believer so that today we, the believers, are His permanent dwelling place…

"Do you not know that you are the temple of God and that the Spirit of God dwells in you?“ 1 Cor 3:16

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 414For you are the temple of the living God. As God has said: 'I will dwell in them, and walk among them. I will be their God, and they shall be My people‘ 2Co 6:16b Christ in you, the hope of glory Col 1:27b

The realization that our bodies are the temples of God should remove from our hearts and minds all doubtful and questionable things, for God agrees to dwell in only the best.

God can come no nearer to mankind than to take up occupancy within us.

It should lead to a life of full separation, surrender, and holiness.

Even now, our body is referred to as a "tabernacle"- a tent – Not because God’s presence in and with us is temporary but because out present bodies are temporary.

The "church“ is an ekklesia meaning "that which is called out."

The church a community of people The word “church” should never be applied to a building.

2Co 5:1-4 For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.

(2) For in this we groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven:

(3) If so be that being clothed we shall not be found naked.

(1) For we that are in this tabernacle do groan, being burdened: not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon, that mortality might be swallowed up of life.

The Tabernacle According to Pattern• The Structure Exodus• The Furniture Exodus• The Priesthood Exodus• The Offerings Leviticus

Material Symbolism• Brass Fire, Judgment• Gold Deity• Silver Blood

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 415Silver Redemption Shekel; 30 pieces of betrayal silver

The Coverings• Porpoise Skins• Ram’s Skins, (dyed red)• Goat’s Hair (Sin Bearer)

• Embroidered Linen – Cherubim (gold, purple, blue, scarlet)

The Tabernacle is the subject of Exodus 25-40 (except 32 & 34 are a sort of parenthesis).

2 Tim 3:16, “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness.”;

Rom 15:4, “For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope”;

God uses types and models for our instruction.

Hos 12:10 I have also spoken by the prophets, And have multiplied visions; I have given symbols through the witness of the prophets."

We look at todayAnd plan for our tomorrows.

God looks at tomorrowAnd arranges the events of our today

to bring us to His tomorrow.Isa 46:9 "Remember the former things long past, For I am God,

and there is no other; I am God, and there is no one like Me, [10] Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure:

Some say that these things have long since been done away with – they say, “Forget them! The Lord Jesus did not ignore or pass them over.

He said that He was in them; they spoke of Him…

“… beginning at Moses [the tabernacle, law, etc.] and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself" (Luk 24:27).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 416… all Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for

doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness" (2 Tim 3:16).

Then and NowIsraelites Communed with God through the Tabernacle 1. Brazen Altar for sacrifices 2. Laver of Brass for washing 3. Candlestick/Lampstand 4. Table of Shewbread 5. Altar of Incense 6-7.Through the Vail into the Most Holy Place 8. Priests and the garments

Christians Commune with God through Jesus Christ’s sacrifice Cleansed thru confession & the WordEnlightened / fueled by the Holy Spirit Fed by the Living Word Prayer, communication, intercession Entering God’s presence boldly through Christ – who rent the vail

openService to God and others.

Why is The Tabernacle Important Today? 1. Today, we are God’s dwelling place. 1 Cor. 6:192. God’s holy presence is among/in us. Exodus 40:34-38 3. As believers. we are part of a priesthood. 1 Peter 2:5,9, Rev.

5:10. Rev. 20:6, Hebrews 4:16. 4. The Tabernacle shows a pattern of worship prescribed by God.

Hebrews 10:19-25

Act 17:11 These were more fair-minded than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness, and searched the Scriptures daily to find out whether these things were so.

This section of Scripture is the most blessed, yet certainly the least read of the book of Exodus.

More space in the Scripture is devoted to this object, the Tabernacle, than any other (excluding Jesus Christ) as a subject.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 417There are only two chapters on creation, yet here we have ten on the Tabernacle (plus all the rest throughout).

The Tabernacle has at least meanings:

1) God has His Dwelling;2) Type of Jesus Christ;

God’s DwellingThe Tabernacle is God’s Dwelling place. Heb 9:21-24;

The Tabernacle as a pattern of things in Heaven.

“Figures of the true” — the Holy Places made with hands are a model of the true reality (2 Chr 6; Jer 17:12; Ps 24:3; Rev 15:5).

Christ ModeledThe Tabernacle is a model of Christ.

Col 2:17 things which are a mere shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to Christ.

Heb 8:5 Who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, See, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount.

Heb 10:1 For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect.

Follow any shadow toward it’s source, toward the light behind it, and you will arrive at the reality, its substance, the reality that is casting the shadow.

God dwelt in the Tabernacle.

2 Cor 5:19; “God in Christ”;

Col 2:9; “In Him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily.” Christ as the ultimate Tabernacle.

Heb 10:5; “A body thou hast prepared me.”

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 418Tabernacle and its furnishings, worship and sacrifices, the Laws were symbols of Christ who was yet to come…

The foot of the cross is in the place of suffering and death- the altar of burnt offering.

The head of the cross is within (behind) the veil - in the place of glory the Shekinah of a finished work.

On the right hand and on the left the arms hold out two choice blessings

- fellowship at the table – the Bread of Life - illumination of the light of the world in the golden

lampstand - The Light of the World.

From without to within is a straight road - Salvation >> Substitutionary sacrifice and Cleansing

Brazen Altar and Laver- Sanctification >> Separation, Enlightenment &

Sustenance

Tabernacle, Lampstand, Table of Shewbread- Intercession >> Prayer and supplication

Golden Altar of Incense- Access >> The presence of the Lord.

Through a torn separating veil into the Holy of Holies

The blood on the Mercy Seat over the broken law

Jesus Christ Himself spoke of Himself as a Temple; John 2:19. The Temple was a rendering of the Tabernacle.

John 1:1-14; “dwelt” is “tabernacled” among us.

The purpose of the Tabernacle was to contain the Shekinah Glory, where God dwelt.

Rev 21:3; “the Tabernacle of God is with men, he will dwell with them...” the climax of the Tabernacle.

Christ Typified in the Materials of the Sanctuary"In the volume of the Book it is written of Me:" (Hebrews 10:5-7)"Every whit (every bit of it) utters His Glory." (Psalms 29:9)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 419Symbol / Type Christ Seen1. Gold His Divine Glory and Nature, His Deity.2. Silver His Redemptive ministry and power, the

Atonement; Ransom – Blood money…3. Brass His capacity to endure judgment for sin.4. Blue His Heavenly origin, the Lord from Heaven. His

divinity.5. Purple His Royalty, His Kingship, the New Creature,

the God-Man. 6. Scarlet His Sacrificial ministry and glory of the Cross.

His humanity.7. Fine Linen His Holiness, righteousness, of His sinless

humanity. 8. Goats' Hair His Atonement, our Sin-offering.9. Rams' skins dyed red

His Consecration to the Father's will, substitution.

10. Badgers' skinsHis protection, and unattractiveness to the unregenerate man.

11. Shittim wood His incorruptible humanity, the Root, the Branch.

12. Anointing Oil His Anointed Ministry, the Christ of God, the Messiah.

13. Incense SpicesHis Fragrant Life of Prayer and Intercession, His Graces.

14. Precious StonesHis Priestly Glories and Perfections on behalf of His People.

15. The Gate Christ — the Way16. The Brazen Altar Christ the Sacrificed One, our Justification.17. The Brazen Laver

Christ the Cleanser, our Sanctification, our Separation

18. The Door Christ — the Truth.19. The Golden Candlestick

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 420Christ the Light of the World, Illuminator, the Word in whom dwells the Fullness of the Spirit of God.

20. The Table of ShewbreadChrist our Nourishment, Food, Sustainer, Communion. Bread of Life.

21. The Altar of IncenseChrist our Intercessor, Advocate, Mediator.

22. The Veil Christ our Life, Access to God the Father.23. The Ark of the Covenant

Christ the Fulness of the Godhead Bodily.24. The Ten Commandments Christ our Law Giver and Keeper25. The Golden Pot of Manna

Christ our Heavenly Manna, Food, Divine Health. Sustainer.

26. The Rod that BuddedChrist our Appointed, Resurrected High Priest after the Order of Melchisedek.

27. The Tabernacle as a wholeChrist, God's Tabernacle and Habitation with men.

28. The Shekinah Glory Christ, the Glory of God bodily.29. The Cloud and Pillar of Fire

Christ our Leader, and Guide to Heaven.30. The High Priest in Garments of Glory and Beauty

Christ, our Heavenly High Priest who represents His own in Himself before God the Father.

The Tabernacle: “The House of Blood”Moses never designed a tabernacle and invited God to it. It was God idea.

It did not take God 40 days to engrave His 10 Commands in the tablets of stone.

When Moses came down from Mount Sinai, he not only had two tables of stone with the Ten Commandments, he also had been given a highly detailed set of specifications for a portable

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 421sanctuary, known as the Tabernacle, that was to accompany them during their wanderings.

Moses was apparently shown a model to follow in its building. (Hebrews 9:24. Rev. 11:19.

Complete details in Exodus 25-27; 35-38.)

God conceived the plan and instructed man to build it according to His pattern because He had a desire to dwell among His chosen people.

The God who dwelt in the tabernacle and the temple in the Old Testament took His abode in Christ during His life on earth.

God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself 2Co 5:19He was called "Immanuel ... God with us" Mat 1:23Now He is abiding in us:

He who is in you is greater than he who is in the world 1Jn 4:4b

It is important to keep in focus God’s purpose in having Moses prepare this sanctuary: that God might dwell among His people. (Exodus 25:22.)

The tabernacle would serve this purpose until the Temple of Solomon was built.

The Tabernacle was a moveable “tent of meeting” that God commanded Moses to build. (Exodus 25:1-2, 25:8-9.)God wanted to dwell among his people, the Israelites.

He wanted to have fellowship with them and be able to communicate with them (Ex. 25:22).

The Tabernacle became the place that God dwelt with his people for 400 years: from the Exodus until the time of King Solomon, when the Temple was buiIded.

The Tabernacle and its courtyard were constructed according to a pattern set by God, not by Moses.

The Tabernacle layout helps us to understand the steps that the Lord laid out tor a sinful people to approach a holy God.

It is a picture of Jesus Christ.

• The Tabernacle was a shadow of things in heaven.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 422Facts About the Tabernacle The real Tabernacle is in heaven where Jesus Himself is our high priest

Hebrews 8:1-5 Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens; [2] A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man. [3] For every high priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to offer. [4] For if he were on earth, he should not be a priest, seeing that there are priests that offer gifts according to the law: [5] Who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, See, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount.

Introduction: Exodus 25:1-9 Exodus 35 Hebrews 8

God set apart some 50 chapters in Scripture to the subject of the Tabernacle and its related worship customs.

Exodus ................... 13 chapters Numbers ................ 13 chapters Leviticus ................. 18 chapters Deuteronomy ......... 2 chapters Hebrews ................ 4 chapters,

and other references.

Paul often made reference to the tabernacle.

How much space did God set apart in His written word to the subject of the creation of the cosmos, earth, and all its creatures,

including mankind ?

This unique structure was composed of a linen fence enclosing a courtyard containing a portable building and seven articles of “furniture.”

• The Tabernacle would have fit in half of a football soccer field.

• The Tabernacle was built using many expensive material’s:

Gold, silver, bronze, precious woods, and rare cloth.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 423Today the cost would well exceed $1 million.

Offerings from the Israelites paid for the materials. Ex. 35:22-38:3

The Israelites were so generous that Moses had to command them to stop giving.

Exodus 36:6 And Moses gave commandment, and they caused it to be proclaimed throughout the camp, saying, Let neither man nor woman make any more work for the offering of the sanctuary. So the people were restrained from bringing.

• Outer court symbolically, physical life; the Body• Inner court symbolically, the Soul: mind, will, emotions• Holy place symbolically, the place of worship;• Holy of Holies symbolically, Spirit

Notice the number of the measurements are multiples of 5:

THE COURT 60 pillars 12 x 5 60 capitals12 x 5 60 sockets12 x 5 120 pins(tent pegs) 24 x 5 100 cubits long 20 x 5 50 cubits wide 10 x 5 5 cubits high 1 x 5

THE ENTRANCES Gate: 20 cubits wide 4 x 5 Gate: 5 cubits high 1 x 5 Door: 10 cubits wide 2 x 5 Door: 10 cubits high 2 x 5 Door: on 5 pillars 1 x 5 Veil: 10 cubits wide 2 x 5 Veil: 10 cubits high 2 x 5

THE TABERNACLE 30 cubits long 6 x 510 cubits wide 2 x 5 10 cubits high 2 x 5 100 silver sockets 20 x 5

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 42415 bars 3 x 5 5 bars each side 1 x 5 10 curtains2 x 550 clasps 10 x 5 100 blue loops20 x 5

HOLY OF HOLIES 10 x 10 cubits 2 x 5

BRONZE ALTAR5 x 5 cubits 1 x 55 vessels 1 x 55 animals 1 x 5

5 offerings 1 x 5

IN THE ARK 10 commandments 2 x 5

HOLY PLACE 20 cubits long 4 x 5 10 cubits wide 2 x 5 10 cubits high 2 x 5

Five is considered the number of grace.

The feeding of 5,000 people with 5 barley loaves,

a wonderful act of grace on the part of the Lord;

David took 5 stones from the brook

he was depending on the "unmerited favor" (grace) of the Lord God.

In the Church of God "all is of grace“, grace abounding.

Blue, the "heavenly" color, is found everywhere in the tabernacle, covering the furniture, and on the garments of the high priest.

Concerning the value of the tabernacle, it has been estimated from Exodus 38:24-31, in the following terms:

TALENTS SHEKELS 1963 $$ Gold 29 730 $877,300

Silver 100 1,775 $195,136Bronze 70 2,400 $690

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 425$1,073,126

Adding to this the cost of wood, fabrics, priestly garments, precious stones for the breastplate, etc., 1¼ million dollars [1963 dollars] would be a reasonable estimate, not including the cost of labor.

1963 troy Oz of AU = $35.09 9 Feb 2013 = $1,667.2047.5 x increase

Outer court = BodyThe physical part of our living; The place of sacrifice Ro 12:1-2

Inner court = SoulThe ‘battle ground’; the place of decision / choice

Holy place = Spirit and Soul connectionAlter of incense: Place of worship; Fellowship with other believers.

Table of showbread: Feeding about the table; The bread of life Golden lampstand: Walking in the light; The light of the world.

John 8:12; Mt 4:4Holy of Holies = Spirit

Personal communion / fellowship with God,the place of Spiritual victory

The CourtyardThe outside element was a linen fence, supported by poles set in bronze sockets, with a single entrance on the east side.

This area was approximately 75 feet by 150 feet, depending upon the precise length of a “cubit,” here assumed to be about 18 inches.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 426(Various authorities estimate a cubit to be between 14 and 26.2 inches.)

Upon entering, the first item to be encountered was a bronze altar for sacrifices to be offered in accordance with the various Levitical ordinances.

Passing through the gate of the court, the first and the largest piece of furniture is the bronze altar.

5 cubits square and 3 cubits high,

It functioned as the great place of sacrifice.

Around this the people congregated when bringing their various offerings.

Halfway between the altar of burnt offering and the tabernacle structure was the bronze laver,

It was the place of washing for the officiating priests.

The next item was a large laver for washing before entering the Holy Place itself.

This is translated “molten sea” in the King James Version.

“Molten” is a way of referring to cast bronze.

The Building StructureThe building itself was assembled from vertical wooden planks covered with gold, and fitted with rings which, when fitted with horizontal poles, would give it rigidity.

The structure was about 15 feet wide, 15 feet high, and about 45 feet long (again depending on the actual length of a cubit)

The initial chamber was about 30 feet long, with the final 15 feet leaving a cubical chamber known as the “Holy of Holies.”

The entire structure was covered with four successive layers:

1) an embroidered linen tapestry;2) a covering of goat’s hair;3) a covering of ram’s skins dyed red; and,4) a covering of porpoise skins.

(“Badger skins” is an alternative translation.)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 427It seems strange that such a magnificent structure would be hidden under such an unattractive external covering.

Each layer, however, had special symbolic significance.

The Holy PlaceUpon entering the initial chamber, the Holy Place, three items would be in view:

on the left, the Menorah, or seven-branched lampstand; on the right, the Table of Shewbread; and directly in front of the curtain covering the final inner sanctum,

the Holy of Holies, was the Golden Altar, or Altar of Incense.

Entering the Tabernacle everything is gold and silver,

All reflecting the flickering lights of the 7-branched lampstand (the menorah), a mass of beautiful ornamental work.

This lampstand stands to our left as we enter.

To our right is the table of showbread overlaid with gold.

Upon it are 12 fresh loaves of showbread.

Straight in front of us as we enter the Tabernacle, located just in front of the Veil and the far end of the room, the golden altar of incense with its ever-burning flame.

The Menorah was an oil-fed lampstand with seven branches, providing the only source of light within the structure. (Light: Ex 25:31,32,37: Heb. “His”!?)

The Table of Shewbread held 12 loaves of unleavened bread, one for each of the 12 tribes, and renewed every shabbat (sabbath day).

Directly in front of the final chamber, the Holy of Holies, and associated with it, was the Golden Altar for the offering incense.

The Holy of HoliesThe final inner sanctum was the Holy of Holies which contained the Ark of the Covenant and its unusual lid called the Atonement Cover (or “Mercy Seat.”)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 428(Kappoeth, or “Mercy Seat” is translated “propitiation” in Romans 3:25.)

This Ark, or chest, was made of acacia wood, covered inside and outside with gold.

It ultimately contained the Two tables of stone with the Ten Commandments, a pot of manna, and Aaron’s rod that budded Number 17:1-9.

The unusual lid was of gold and was emblazoned with two “cherubim” (a kind of “super angel”), man-like figures with wings. (Ezek1,10; Isa 6; Rev 4.)

The shekinah glory (the cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night) entered the Tabernacle and dwelt above the ark, between the cherubim. (Ex 25:22; Num 7:89; Lev 1:1.)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 429

The Wikderness Tabernacle – Designed by God

The Day of AtonementThe Holy of Holies could only be entered by the High Priest, and only on one day of the year, Yom Kippur, the Day of

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 430Atonement, when he was to sprinkle the blood from the sacrifices upon the Mercy Seat.

The picture is one in which God, looking down from between the cherubim, would see the broken laws, but could justify His mercy (in satisfaction of His righteousness) because of the atonement provided by the blood shed in sacrifice. (Introduced in Eden, Gen 3:21).

The Mystical ArchitectureThe Tabernacle, in all of its detail and symbolic significance, is a vital study worth the serious student’s careful attention.

Every aspect of its design, every material used, every detail, contains special significance.

It is interesting that every detail of the Old Testament points, in some way, to our Lord Jesus Christ. (Rev 19:10; Mt 5:17,18, etc.) The tabernacle is no exception.

The New Testament is in the Old Testament concealed; The Old Testament is in the New Testament revealed.

“The Word was made flesh and tabernacled among us...” John 1:14.

In fact, Jesus laid claim to each element of the tabernacle design.

The CourtyardAs we approach the tabernacle from outside, all we see is the white linen barrier, symbolizing His righteousness.

The posts were set in bronze sockets.

Everything outside the building itself was bronze, symbolizing judgement.

Bronze was the metal that could endure fire; it was the Levitical symbol for judgement.

The tabernacle had only one entrance.

“I am the door. Anyone who enters but by me is a thief and a robber...” (John 10:1-8.)

The first item encountered was the Altar of Sacrifice.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 431Everything begins (and ends) at the Cross, where the ultimate sacrifice was to be made.

Next is the laver, symbolizing the Word of God. (Eph 5:26; Rev 4:6..Jn 4:10,14; 7:37,38.)

As we approach the building itself, “it has no beauty that we should desire it.” (Isaiah 53:2.) Until we enter in.

Each of the coverings has its Levitical significance. Linen: gold, purple, blue, scarlet, with cherubim; Goat’s hair: sin bearer, Ex 26:7; Lev 16:19-22; Ram’s skins (died red), Gen 3:21, 22:13; Porpoise (Badger?) skins: Ex 16:10, shoes!; Deut 8:4, 29:5;

Neh 9:21; Ruth 4:7.

The Place of FellowshipThe building proper was built of acacia wood wrapped in gold.

Wood, once alive, speaks of His humanity; the gold, of His deity.

The planks rested on silver sockets: silver is the Levitical symbol for blood.

Even Judas, as he threw the 30 pieces of silver on to the temple floor, exclaimed, “Behold, I have betrayed innocent blood.”

Upon the entering the place of fellowship, the Holy Place, we encounter the lampstand, or Menorah.

“I am the Light of the World,” (Mt 5:14; Jn 8:12; 9:5).

The construction of the lampstand was from a single piece of gold:

“I am the vine, ye are the branches.” 1 + 6 = 7

(Cf. Lampstands of Revelation 1, 4).

Across from the lampstand was the Table of Shewbread:

“I am the Bread of Life,” (Jn 6:35).

The Altar of Incense (or Golden Altar, not to be confused with the brazen Altar of Sacrifice) speaks of intercessory prayer, His current role on our behalf (Heb 7:25).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 432The Holy of HoliesThe Ark of the Covenant in the Holy of Holies was, of course, the climactic encounter, in which the supreme sacrifice would avail to atone for our own sins — a prophetic picture of the completed work of the Cross.

Tabernacle Related to Jesus Christ1. Temporary Abode.2. Born in wilderness, born in manager, no place to lay His head,

buried in a borrowed tomb. Tabernacle was used in the wilderness less than 35 years!

3. Unattractive outwardly. “No form nor comeliness no beauty that we should desire ...” (Isa 53:2).

4. God’s dwelling place - between the Cherubim. (“We beheld His Glory as He tabernacled among us” John 1:14).

5. Where God met with man. “Tent of Meeting” is an Old Testament phrase for the Tabernacle (Ex 25:21,22; vs Jn 14:6; 1 Tim 2:5).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4336. Center of Israel’s Camp (Nu 1:50; 2:17; 11:24,25; midst of

camp: Matt 18:20).7. Place where the Law was preserved. (Ex 32:19; Deut 10:2-5;

Ps 40:7-8).8. Place where Sacrifice is made. (Re.: all furniture points to Jesus

Christ).9. Place where priestly family was fed. (Lev 6:16-26; Bread of

life...)10. Place of Worship. We can only worship God in Jesus Christ.

(“I am the Way,..” “No one cometh to the Father but by me.” John 14:6 ; Heb 13:15).

11. Only One door: (large building for only one entrance; no exit mentioned) “I am the door.” John 10:9.

12. Approached from the East, which would be through the Tribe of Judah.

Our only approach is through the Lion of the Tribe of Judah. (Num 2:3; Ex 27:12-17; Rev 5:4).

13. Universal Lordship (hinted through materials); (Hag 2:8; Ps 50:10).

14. Ministered to by Women (Ex 35:26; Luke 7:37; 8:2-3; John 12:3; Luke 23:55-56).

Tabernacle Contrasted to TempleTabernacle TempleTemporary PermanentWilderness Jerusalem1st Coming 2nd ComingProphet made King madeNumber 5 (grace) 12 (gov)Unattractive Glory

Parenthetical PassagesIn Exodus 25-40 are all about the Tabernacle, except there is a parenthetical passage in the middle, Exodus 32 -33.

From our study on Revelation, we know that those parenthetical passages are very important as they set the structure of the book.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 434In these chapters we see that there is the showing of the plan to Moses, the Rebellion, and then the erection of the Tabernacle.

The original plan for redemption was first ordained before the foundation of the world (1 Pet 1:19-20).

So the pattern was to reveal the plan to Jesus, then the fall (fall of Adam, rebellion by people), and then the erection of the Tabernacle (or Jesus made flesh and tabernacling among us).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 435

Exodus 25Give Willingly1] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,2] Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring me an

offering: of every man that giveth it willingly with his heart ye shall take my offering.

Opportunity to invest. God does not need us...

[Speak unto the children of Israel ...] Four commands to Moses:1. Speak to Israel (Exo 25:2)2. Command to bring Me an offering3. Take My offering from everyone who gives willingly4. Let the offering be of gold, silver, brass, etc. (Exo 25:3-7)

[offering] A heave offering - lifted up and waved before God (see Exo 29:26-28; Num 15:19-21; Num 18:8-29; Num 31:29, Num 31:41; Deu 12:6-17).

The Tabernacle was built from the freewill offerings of the people.

The people responded so generously Moses issued a command which was circulated throughout the camp:

“Let neither man nor woman do any more work for the offering of the sanctuary.” Thus the people were restrained from bringing any more, for the material they had was sufficient for all the work to be done indeed too much (Ex 36:5-7).

The former slaves had been allowed to plunder the Egyptians when they left Egypt.

They took great quantities of gold, silver, brass, spices, precious stones, etc. when they left Egypt.

The Egyptians literally paid them to leave…

God gave to them so that they might give to God.When the opportunity came to give back to Him they were not slow in responding.

Giving is a privilege and a responsibility. Giving is part of worship

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 436But the gift must be given Willingly,

the Lord loves a cheerful giver.

We are only stewards for God. If He has given to us, it is so we can give to Him.

Woodworkers, metalworkers, weavers and embroiderers, those who had possessions, time, skill, and labor, all gave what they had.• Gold, silver, spices, and precious stones came from the rich; • Blue, purple and scarlet yarn and the bronze from the “middle

class”; • Goat’s hair from the poor.

Today, each one of us is to play our part in giving back what God has provided to us…remembering Christ gave His all holding nothing in reserve.

God is far more interested in what we reserve to ourselves and are unwilling to give and let go of then what and the amount we do give.

3] And this is the offering which ye shall take of them; gold, and silver, and brass,

[this is the offering which ye shall take of them]Fifteen Kinds of Material for the Tabernacle1. Gold2. Silver3. Brass4. Blue linen5. Purple linen oil and incense6. Scarlet linen7. Fine linen8. Goat Hair9. Badger skins10. Ram skins dyed red11. Shittim wood12. Oil for light13. Spices for anointing14. Onyx stones15. Precious stones for breastplate of high priest (Exo 28:15-

29)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 437The gifts that God requested were not considered a tithe, a tax or anything compulsory.

They were to be brought from the riches Israel got from the Egyptians (Exo 12:35-36) and from their fathers (Gen 13:2; Gen 25:5).

They were to be given to God out of the abundance of the heart.

[gold] zahab (H2091), pure gold, refined and ready for use in parts of the tabernacle furniture.

[silver] keceph (H3701), pure silver, refined and ready for manufacturing purposes.

[brass] nechosheth (H5178), brass; bronze; copper.

Perhaps a mixture of copper and tin. No iron was used in the tabernacle.

Brass is first mentioned in Gen 4:22 (cp. Job 28:2).

4] And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats’ hair,

[blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen] Four kinds of linen - blue, purple, red and white (fine).

Red and purple were associated with Christ’s crucifixion (Mat 27:28; Joh 19:2). White is used last here and in Rev 19:13-14.

Blue was made from cerulean mussel shells, purple from shell fish (note, Act 16:14), and scarlet from the glow worm.

The linen was spun and dyed by the women;weaving and embroidering was left to Aholiab and his assistants (Exo 35:25, Exo 35:34-35).

The Septuagint reads: "blue and purple and scarlet yarn, and cotton thread, and goats’ hair."

[goats hair] Goats in parts of Asia have long, beautiful hair, almost as fine as silk, and as valuable as wool.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4385] And rams’ skins dyed red, and badgers’ skins, and Acacia

wood,[rams’ skins dyed red] Some rams’ skins already had beautiful

red colors needed very little dye, if any.

[badgers’ skins] Badger skin was used for coverings for the tabernacle and furniture, as well as for shoes.

Its coarse hair would be good protection for travel.

Some believe this is not a badger as we know them but rather is a reference to porpoise skins

Exo 25:5; Exo 26:14; Exo 35:7, Exo 35:23; Exo 36:19; Exo 39:34; Num 4:6-25; Eze 16:10.

[shittim wood] The acacia tree, an Asiatic thorny tree of beautiful and durable wood growing abundantly in Egypt and the Sinai peninsula.shit'a, (shiTTah); ACACIA TREE (Isaiah 41:19)); (`ace shiTTim; the Revised Version (British and American) ACACIA WOOD (Exodus 25:5,10,13; 26:15,26; 27:1,6; Deu 10:3)):

The Acacia nilotica is at present confined to the Sinaitic peninsula and to Egypt. Closely allied species, the Acacia tortilis and Acacia seyal, both classed together under the Arabic name sayyal, are plentiful in the valleys about the Dead Sea from Engedi southward.

Their gnarled trunks are sometimes 2 ft.Thick, their twisted, thorny branches, which often give the whole tree an umbrella-like form, and Their fine bipinnate leaves with minute leaflets. The curiously twisted pods and the masses of gum arabic

The trees yield a valuable, hard, close-grained timber, not readily attacked by insects.

6] Oil for the light, spices for anointing oil, and for sweet incense,

[Oil] Olive oil (Exo 27:20; Exo 30:24; Lev 24:2; Deu 8:8; Deu 24:20).

Olive trees grew in abundance in Palestine (Deu 6:11; Deu

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 43928:40).

[light] The light holder. The lamp itself not the oil or the wick.

[spices for anointing oil, and for sweet incense] Spices were used in the anointing oil (Exo 30:22-33) and incense (Exo 37:29).

7] Onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate.

[Onyx stones] Two onyx stones were used on the ephod to inscribe the names of the tribes of Israel on (Exo 28:6-14).

[onyx]: shoham (H7718), to blanch; a pale green gem (Exo_25:7; Exo_28:9, Exo_28:20; Exo_35:9, Exo_35:27; Job_28:16).

Gen 2:10-12 NKJV Now a river went out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it parted and became four riverheads. 11 The name of the first is Pishon; it is the one which skirts the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 And the gold of that land is good. Bdellium and the onyx stone are there.

[stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate] 12 precious stones were used in the breastplate having the names of the tribes of Israel inscribed on them (Ex 28:15-29).

8] And let them make me a sanctuary; that I may dwell among them.

[let them make me a sanctuary ...] Three commands - making the tabernacle: 1. Make Me a sanctuary (Exo 25:8)2. Make it like the pattern you were shown on the mount (Exo

25:9, Exo 25:40; Heb 8:5)3. Make the furniture like the pattern you were shown (Exo

25:9, Exo 25:40)

[sanctuary] H4720 מקדש / מקדש miqdash / miqqedashsacred place, holy place, separate place

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 440a consecrated place (Exo 25:8; Exo 15:17; Lev 16:33; Lev 19:30; Lev 20:3; Lev 21:12, Lev 21:23; Lev 26:2, Lev 26:31; cp. Heb 8:2; Heb 9:1-2; Heb 13:11).

[I may dwell among them] God commanded that a special dwelling be erected for Him where His presence could be manifest to them daily and from which He would commune with them through Moses and the high priests in generations to come (Exo 25:8-9).

Every part of the tabernacle was typical of the nature of God, the coming redemption, the sinfulness of man, the means of pardon through grace, and the full reconciliation of man to God through Jesus Christ. Every detail points to Jesus.

God in the Tabernacle. God had looked down in love upon these people.He had brought them out of the bondage of Egypt He was leading them toward a land He had promised to them.However, He not only desired to direct them but to "dwell" with

them.

A Bedouin chieftain would have his tent pitched in the midst of his encampment.

God instructed Moses to build this tabernacle and set it up in the midst of the camp of Israel.

The people would recognize this as the place of the leader and chief.

9] According to all that I shew thee, after the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all the instruments thereof, even so shall ye make it.

[pattern] tabniyth (H8403), structure; model. Moses had a literal model to go by (Exo 25:9, Exo 25:40; cp.

Heb 8:5; Heb 9:23). David later saw a model of the temple (1Ch 28:11-19).

God designed every detail to be a type, a symbol pointing to Jesus and His once and for all plan of redeeming man to Himself. It was critical that the Tabernacle (and later the Temple) be

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 441built EXACTLY as God had revealed and ordered – design, location, materials, purpose and use…

While Moses was on the Mount he was given precise instructions about the Tabernacle.

7x Moses was commanded to make the Sanctuary after the pattern he was shown on the Mount (Ex 25:9; 25:40; 26:30 27:8; Nu 8:4; Heb 8:5; Acts 7:44)

The tabernacle was made and built according to the pattern of things in the heavenlies – things which were revealed to Moses while on the mount in Sinai.

It paralleled the pattern later shown to John on the island of Patmos

• an altar of sacrifice (Rev 6:9)• a sea of glass (Rev 4:6)• seven golden lampstands (Rev 1:12)• the golden altar (Rev 8:3)• hidden manna (Rev 2:17); and • the ark of His covenant (Rev 11:19).

In both Exodus and Hebrews, the Lord said, "See that you make it according to the pattern."

God was very particular in planning itMoses was scrupulous in the building of it;

We should be careful to understand it?

Symbolic MeaningsWe will see the instructions for the Tabernacle 2x:

here, where God describes it to Moses and when Moses actually oversees and builds it.

God starts with the Holy of Holies and works outward; When they build it, they start from the outside in

(God’s view from inside out, vs our view from outside inward).

Altar - sanctification; sacrificeLaver - purification; cleansingHoly Place – provision; food, shelter, illumination;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 442Holy of Holies – presence; Glory of enthroned king.

Vessels: outer court of wood and brass; inner court of wood and gold.

Illumination: Outer court - natural light; Holy Place – golden “candlestick” (oil); Holy of Holies - Shekinah Glory.

Order of events:(here): Ark & Mercy Seat; Table; Candlestick; curtain; boards; veil...

From interior outward. Mystical insight corresponds to the book of Ephesians.

The second description which goes from the outside inward corresponds to the book of Romans (experiential order).

Materials: Gold - Divine Glory Silver - Redemption (blood) Brass - Judgement, wrath (can endure fire) Blue - Heavenlies Purple - Royal Majesty Scarlet - Earthly Glory Linen - Holiness Goat’s Hair - Atonement (scapegoat) Ram’s Skin - Devotedness (Substitute ram for Isaac) Badger/Porpoise Skin - ability to Protect (shoes in wilderness) Shittim Wood - Humanity Oil - Light (light of Holy Spirit) Spices - Fragrance unto God Precious Stones - Priestly perfections 1.25 tons of Gold 4.25 tons of silver 4 tons of brass

(these alone are worth over $20 million!!)

Ark of the Covenant

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 44310] And they shall make an ark of shittim wood: two cubits

and a half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof.

God begins where we intend to end, at the ark of the covenant.

We make our approach to God from outside to within.

When God laid down that path it was from inside to outside.

"And let them make Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them. According to all that I show you, that is, the pattern of the tabernacle and the pattern of all its furnishings, just so shall you make it. And they shall make an ark ... " (Ex 25:8-10).

Before God says one word about the building’s design, He describes a piece of the furniture.

The ark of the covenant was placed in the Holy of Holies in the center of things.

Everything else is relative to the Ark.

That is how God deals with man.

If your heart is not centered in God’s divine plan, nothing else will be situated properly.

Exodus 25:10[make an ark ...]Twelve Commands - The Ark1. Make an ark of shittim wood (Exo 25:10).

2. Length: 45 inches (a cubit was 18 inches)

3. Breadth: 27 inches

4. Height: 27 inches

5. Overlay it inside and outside with pure gold (Exo 25:11).

6. Make upon it a lid and crown of gold.

7. Cast four gold rings and put one in each corner (Exo 25:12).

8. Make two staves of shittim wood (Exo 25:13).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4449. Overlay them with gold.

10. Put them into the rings on the sides of the ark (Exo 25:14).

11. Do not take them out (Exo 25:15).

12. Put the testimony - two tables of stone, the Ten Commandments - in it (Exo 25:16)

[length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof] The length, breadth, and height are given, but not the thickness of sides, ends, bottom, and top of the ark.

“Shittim” or Acacia - was the thorn bush of the desert. Probably the bush of the “burning bush.”

Cubit - roughly 18 inches (15 - 24 inches). Classically, the distance between elbow to longest finger tip. Varies per person so there were standards, but each culture had its own standard...

11] And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, within and without shalt thou overlay it, and shalt make upon it a crown of gold round about.

12] And thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in the four corners thereof; and two rings shall be in the one side of it, and two rings in the other side of it.

13] And thou shalt make staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold.

14] And thou shalt put the staves into the rings by the sides of the ark, that the ark may be borne with them.

15] The staves shall be in the rings of the ark: they shall not be taken from it.

To be carried by these poles, not to be touched. David’s man killed (2 Sam 6:6,7).

16] And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee.

Mercy Seat

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 44517] And thou shalt make a mercy seat of pure gold: two

cubits and a half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof.

[make a mercy seat ...]Ten Commands - the Mercy Seat 1. Make a mercy seat of pure gold (Exo 25:17).2. Length: 45 inches3. Breadth: 27 inches4. Make two cherubims (Exo 25:18).5. Let them be of beaten gold.6. Make them at the two ends of the mercy seat (Exo 25:18-19).7. Let their wings be stretched forth on high, covering mercy seat

(Exo 25:20).8. Make them with faces looking toward each other.9. Put mercy seat on top of the ark (Exo 25:21).10. Put the testimony (two tables of stone, the Ten

Commandments) in the ark.

[mercy seat] kapporeth (H3727), covering.

The solid gold mercy seat covered the ark which held the Ten Commandments, signifying that mercy and grace overshadowed law, that judgment and death were the penalty for sin, and that justice and mercy could be reconciled through grace and faith in the blood (Lev 16:1-34; Heb 9:1-28). See Exo 26:34; Exo 30:6; Exo 31:7; Exo 33:19; Exo 34:7; Exo 35:12; Exo 37:6-9; Exo 39:35; Exo 40:20)

18] And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat.

19] And make one cherub on the one end, and the other cherub on the other end: even of the mercy seat shall ye make the cherubims on the two ends thereof.

20] And the cherubims shall stretch forth their wings on high, covering the mercy seat with their wings, and their faces shall look one to another; toward the mercy seat shall the faces of the cherubims be.

[cherubims] The cherubim (H3742) were patterned after

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 446heavenly spirit beings (Exo 25:18-22; cp. Eze 1:1-28, Eze 8:1-18 and Eze 10:1-22). Between them was the mercy seat, the visible symbol of God’s presence.

Their wings stretched over the mercy seat and their faces looked toward it, (Exo 25:21-22; Exo 30:16; Heb 1:14).

[beaten work] The cherubim and mercy seat were beaten out of a piece of pure gold - no dross or alloys - signifying freedom from hypocrisy in God’s dealings with Israel (Exo 25:17-22; Exo 37:6-9).

“Beaten gold” - solid gold, although some argue gold leaf which is itself beaten gold.

21] And thou shalt put the mercy seat above upon the ark; and in the ark thou shalt put the testimony that I shall give thee.

[testimony that I shall give thee] Moses was yet to receive the tables of stone to be put inside the ark (Exo 32:15).

The Ark Was a Symbol containing objects which wereThe whole ark symbolized the Divine Presence in all places (1Sa

4:3-22; 1Sa 5:1-11; 1Sa 6:1-21; 1Sa 7:1-2; 1Sa 14:18; 2Sa 6:2-17; 2Ch 5:1-10; 2Ch 8:11). It served as the container of the covenant stones which were a continual reminder of the covenant between God and Israel (Exo 25:16, Exo 25:21). It also contained the pot of manna symbolizing the bread of God from heaven (Exo 16:33; Joh 6:1-71; Heb 9:4). Aaron’s rod was placed in it later, as a witness to Israel of God’s choice of the priesthood (Num 17:10; Heb 9:4).

The ark was placed at a middle point just inside the veil which divided the holy place from the most holy.

On the other side of the veil and opposite the ark, the golden altar of incense was placed so that continual incense would ascend up before the mercy seat from which God was to speak to His people and bless or curse them as they would

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 447obey or disobey the covenant.

The high priest went in before the ark to sprinkle blood only once a year (Lev 16:1-34; Heb 9:3-7).

The absence of any figure or symbol of God on the mercy seat testified of His invisible presence and discouraged the making of idols.

The ark and the symbols it contained were so holy they were never seen except under a covering and no man was to touch it – not even the High Priest during his once a year blood sprinkling sacrifice.

The ark was never carried in processions; it was concealed, being covered in transportation. A man was killed for even seeking to steady it (2Sa 6:6-7).

22] And there I will meet with thee, and I will commune with thee from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubims which are upon the ark of the testimony, of all things which I will give thee in commandment unto the children of Israel.

[I will meet with thee] God met with Israel by appointment: there was an appointed place and way to become reconciled to God. See Exo 23:14-17; Exo 29:42-46; Exo 34:22-24; Exo 40:33-35.

[I will commune with thee] Communion always follows meeting with God and reconciliation with Him (cp. 2Co 10:16; 2Co 6:14; 2Co 13:14).

[from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubims] The place of communion: above the mercy seat and between the cherubim

[all things which I will give thee in commandment] The judgments, commands, ordinances, and statutes were as much the commandments of God as the Ten Commandments.

[ark of the testimony]Nineteen Different Names of the Ark1. The ark (49 times, Exo 25:10)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4482. The ark of God (36 times, 1Sa 4:11-22; 2Sa 6:2-12)3. The ark of God, the Lord (1Ch 13:6)4. The ark of our God (1Ch 13:3)5. The ark of the God of Israel (1 Samuel 5:7-6:3)6. The ark of the Lord (29 times, 1 Samuel 6:1-7:1)7. The ark of the Lord God (1Ki 2:26)8. The ark of the Lord your God (Jos 4:5)9. The ark of the Lord God of Israel (1Ch 5:12, 1Ch 5:14)10. The ark of the Lord, the Lord of all the earth (Jos 3:13)11. The ark of the covenant (Jos 3:6)12. The ark of the covenant of our God (Jdg 20:27; 1Ch 16:6)13. The ark of the covenant of the Lord (27 times, Num 10:33;

Deu 31:9)14. The ark of the covenant of the Lord your God (Deu 31:26;

Jos 3:3)15. The ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth (Jos 3:13)16. The ark of the covenant of the Lord of Hosts (1Sa 4:4)17. The ark of the testimony (13 times, Exo 25:22; Exo 26:33,

Exo 26:34)18. The ark of Thy strength (2Ch 6:41; Psa 132:8)19. The holy ark (2Ch 35:3)

It was called "the ark of the testimony" because of the constant testimony of the law, the manna, and the rod inside it; It was called "the ark of the covenant" because it represented the Mosaic covenant between God and Israel;It was called "the ark of Thy strength" because it represented what God was to Israel in power and blessing; and It was called "the holy ark" because of the sacredness and holiness it represented.

Table of Shewbread23] Thou shalt also make a table of shittim wood: two cubits

shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof.

[make a table of shittim wood ...]Eighteen Commands - the Table of Showbread 1. Make a table of shittim wood (Exo 25:23).2. Length: 36 inches

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4493. Breadth: 18 inches4. Height: 27 inches5. Overlay it with pure gold (Exo 25:24).6. Make a crown of gold around it.7. Make a border of about 4 inches around the table (Exo 25:25).8. Make a golden crown to the border.9. Make four rings of gold (Exo 25:26).10. Make four legs for the table.11. Put the four rings in the four corners of the legs against the

border for staves to carry the table (Exo 25:26-27).12. Make two staves of shittim wood (Exo 25:28).13. Overlay them with gold.14. Make dishes and spoons for the table (Exo 25:29).15. Make covers for the dishes.16. Make bowls for the table.17. Make them of pure gold.18. Set showbread on the table before Me always (Exo 25:30).

[shittim wood] See, Exo 25:5.

24] And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, and make thereto a crown of gold round about.

[gold] zahab (H2091), gold; yellow metal; to be bright.

Used about 140 times of the tabernacle and furniture.

All the shittim wood of the tabernacle was covered with gold - the boards, ark, altar of incense, and table of showbread - while the candlestick and mercy seat were made entirely of beaten gold.

Since the tabernacle typified God’s real and eternal dwelling place - the New Jerusalem which is made of pure gold (Rev 21:18, Rev 21:21).

Seven Things that Gold Symbolizes1. God’s Word (Psa 19:10; Psa 119:127)2. Wisdom (Pro 3:13-14)3. Knowledge (Pro 8:10)4. Truth (Pro 8:19)5. Good name and living favor (Pro 22:1)6. Trials (Zec 13:9; Mal 3:3; 1Pe 1:7; Rev 3:18)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4507. Words (2Co 3:12)

[crown of gold] Three crowns of gold in the tabernacle:1. The crown of the ark (Exo 25:11)2. The crown of the table of showbread (Exo 25:24)3. The crown of the altar of incense (Exo 30:3)

25] And thou shalt make unto it a border of an hand breadth round about, and thou shalt make a golden crown to the border thereof round about.

[hand breadth] The width of a hand, 3 to 4 ½ inches.

26] And thou shalt make for it four rings of gold, and put the rings in the four corners that are on the four feet thereof.

[rings of gold] The rings were large enough for staves which carried the ark (Exo 25:26-28).

The individual items were not to be touched. They were usually covered and carried by pole (staves) placed through rings mounted on the item to be moved.

Only certain people from the tribe of Levi could set up, take down and/or transport the items and then only in the manner God had commanded.

27] Over against the border shall the rings be for places of the staves to bear the table.

28] And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold, that the table may be borne with them.

29] And thou shalt make the dishes thereof, and spoons thereof, and covers thereof, and bowls thereof, to cover withal: of pure gold shalt thou make them.

[dishes ... spoons ... covers ... bowls]Vessels of the Tabernacle

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 451The vessels, dishes, bowls, and spoons were made of pure gold (Exo 25:29; Exo 37:16) and put on the table for use in incense, meat and drink offerings, and to hold the twelve loaves of bread which symbolized the twelve tribes being in the Divine Presence.

There were to be two stacks of showbread placed on the table, each containing six flat loaves; these were to be exchanged for fresh loaves every sabbath. Incense was burned in a container placed on the top loaf of each stack, signifying the worship of the twelve tribes (Exo 25:30; Lev 24:5-9).

The dishes were perhaps large receptacles in which the showbread was mixed.

The spoons were small censers in which incense was burned (Num 7:14, Num 7:20, Num 7:26, Num 7:32, Num 7:38, Num 7:44, Num 7:50, Num 7:56, Num 7:62, Num 7:68, Num 7:74, Num 7:80, Num 7:86).

The bowls held the blood of sacrifices and offerings (Exo 25:29; Exo 37:16; Num 4:7).

The covers were large goblets or cups which held wine to be poured out before the Lord every sabbath when the bread was changed.

The Hebrew word for cover means to pour, so whatever the bowls were used for, the contents were to be poured out.

The Septuagint reads, "make its plates and its incense vessels and its libation vessels and the cups with which thou shalt pour out libations" (Exo 25:29).

A cloth of blue covered the table on which were placed the platters for the bread, the censers for incense, the goblets for wine, and the cups for pouring out the drink offerings before God (Num 4:7).

The table was placed on the north side of the tabernacle (Exo 26:35) - the direction of heaven (Isa 14:12-14; Psa 75:6-7).

During travel a cover of scarlet and then one of badger skins was placed over the table and its vessels (Num 4:8). See Exo 35:13; Exo 39:36; 1Ki 7:48; 1Ch 9:32; 1Ch 23:29; 1Ch 28:16; 1Ch 2:4; 1Ch 13:11; 1Ch 29:18; Neh 10:33; Heb 9:2.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 45230] And thou shalt set upon the table shewbread before me

alway.[shewbread] bread of face, so called because it was to lie

continually before God as a meat offering of the twelve tribes.

At the end of the week the bread was changed and the priests could use it for food for themselves and their families, symbolic of spiritual food (Lev 24:5-9; Mat 12:3-5).

The loaves were large but would not feed all the priests; evidently they were eaten only by those officiating.

The table held 12 loaves of unleavened bread, one for each of the 12 tribes, and renewed every sabbath.

The Shewbread is the Bread of God, a type of Christ.

“I Am the Bread of Life.” (John 6:35).

Jesus was given three gifts at His birth: Gold, Frankincense, myrh. Gold because He was a King, Frankincense because it is the incense of the priesthood, and Myrrh for His burial.

In the Millennium He will be given gifts of gold and frankincense (no myrrh because His death is then past).

The Shewbread is unleavened bread with frankincense baked in (speaking of His priesthood)!

(Lev 24:5 - Hebrew implies that the bread was pierced, perforated: Ps 22; Zech 12:10).

Table also makes a reference to fellowship (2 Sam 9, table as a place of honor; 1 Cor 10, Lord’s Table, communion).

The ridge around the table is measured as a hand width, which is interesting as it is like a crown for protection; John 10:28 (study the Lord’s Hand).

Golden Lampstand31] And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold: of

beaten work shall the candlestick be made: his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 453[make a candlestick of pure gold ...]The candlestick is a lampstand, not a candlestick, as it burns oil. “I am the Light of the world” (John 8:12; 9:5; Matt 5:14).

Light: Ex 25:31, 32, 37; Heb: “His”

Eleven Commands - the Golden Candlestick (Lampstand) 1. Make the candlestick of pure beaten gold (Exo 25:31).2. Make the shaft, branches, bowls, knops, and flowers of the

same.3. Make six branches on two sides: three on one side of the shaft

and three on the other (Exo 25:32).4. Make a bowl like an almond with a knop and a flower on each

of the six branches (Exo 25:33).5. On the middle shaft make four bowls like almonds with knops

and flowers (Exo 25:34).6. Make a knop under each two branches of the six branches of

the sides (Exo 25:35).7. Make seven lamps (Exo 25:37).8. Light all seven lamps.9. Make tongs and snuffdishes for the lamps of pure gold (Exo

25:38).10. Use a talent of pure gold to make the candlestick and its

vessels (Exo 25:39).11. See that you make them after the pattern shown to you on

Sinai (Exo 25:40).

The Golden LampstandA lampstand of beaten gold (Exo 37:17; Num 8:4) with middle shaft and three branches on each side, making seven lamps in all.

Each branch and shaft were adorned with flowers, supposed to resemble lilies, with large knops (knobs) resembling pomegranates, and smaller knops representing almonds.

The lampstand is supposed to have been about 3 ft. high and 2 ft. wide.

It was to be set on the south wall of the holy place (Exo 26:35), opposite the table of showbread on the north, so light would be reflected toward the table on which were the twelve loaves

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 454symbolizing the twelve tribes.

The Table of Shewbread stood to the north in the Holy Place and the Menorah was to the south.

It has been suggested that West seem to suggest prosperity and blessing (Ex 10:19; Deut 33:23; Josh 8:12; Isa 59:19).

The East tends to speak of distress or judgement (Gen 3:24; 13:11; 41:6; Ex 10:13; 14:21; Isa 46:11).

The North usually implies obscure or dark, tends to be the place which evil comes from (Prevalent in Hebrew literature because Babylon always attacked them from the north; Jer 1:14; 4:6; etc...)

The South (Negev or desert) source of warmth and source of blessing, light (John 37:17; Ps 126:4; Luke 12:55, Deut 33:3, Acts 27:13.) It is interesting that the Lampstand is to the South.

The light was to burn perpetually, being serviced each evening and morning (Exo 27:21; Lev 24:1-4), so the lamps were large enough to hold the oil needed for a whole day or night.

A blue cloth and a covering of badger skins was placed over the candlestick and vessels in travel (Num 4:9-10).

See Exo 30:27; Exo 31:8; Exo 35:14; Exo 37:17-20; Exo 39:37; Exo 40:4, Exo 40:24; Lev 24:4; Num 3:31; Num 4:9; Num 8:2-4; Heb 9:2.

32] And six branches shall come out of the sides of it; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side:

33] Three bowls made like unto almonds, with a knop and a flower in one branch; and three bowls made like almonds in the other branch, with a knop and a flower: so in the six branches that come out of the candlestick.

[Three bowls] This refers to the three lamps on one side of the shaft of the candlestick and the four lamps of Exo 25:34 refer to the middle one on the shaft and the three lamps on the other side of it.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 455All were shaped like almonds with a knop (or knob) and a lily-like flower on each arm below the lamp (Exo 25:33-34).

6 is the number of man. 1 + 6 = 7

“I Am the Vine, ye are the branches.” John 15:5.

34] And in the candlestick shall be four bowls made like unto almonds, with their knops and their flowers.

“Almonds” - almond trees are the first to bloom in the spring.

The Hebrew for “almond” is equivalent to “vigilant” (Jer 1:11).

The bud, the flower, and the ripened fruit - seen in the rod of Aaron which budded with almonds (Num 17).

The almond tree is suggestive of the resurrection of Jesus Christ (which occurred in the spring).

More important it was the symbol which established the Aaronic priesthood.

Jesus was our firstfruit.

35] And there shall be a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, according to the six branches that proceed out of the candlestick.

[knop] A knob was to be made on the main shaft under each of the two main stems where they branched off from the shaft.

36] Their knops and their branches shall be of the same: all it shall be one beaten work of pure gold.

“One” - one beaten work. Are you at one with Him?

This is the condition to be a light bearer.

37] And thou shalt make the seven lamps thereof: and they shall light the lamps thereof, that they may give light over against it.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 456Rev 1-7 lampstands (light-bearer), light from oil (oil Levitically is that which anoints).

We are anointed by the Holy Spirit (symbolically linked to oil throughout Scripture).

Rev 1:4, from “seven Spirits” is reference to Isa 11:1-2 (7-fold Spirit).

Jesus is mentioned as one, and then 3 pairs (“I am the Vine, ye are the branches.”)

The lampstand bears the light, but it is not the source of light.

[seven lamps]The seven lamps, shaped like almonds at the top of the six arms and middle shaft, were in a single row and of equal height.

The candlestick was made after the pattern of things in heaven (Exo 25:40; Zec 4:2), but why there were seven lamps is not explained.

The seven lamps of Zec 4:2 are symbolic of the eyes of the Lord (Zec 4:10);

the seven candlesticks of Rev 1:12-13; Rev 2:1 represent the seven churches (Rev 1:20); and

the seven lamps of fire of Rev 4:5 are the seven spirits of God, or the fullness of the Holy Spirit (note, Rev 5:6).

Rev 5:6 And I looked, and behold, in the midst of the throne and of the four living creatures, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as though it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent out into all the earth.

[seven horns and seven eyes] Not seven titles of the Holy Spirit, for there are more titles than this that are applied to the Spirit.

Since the Lamb has the seven horns and seven eyes, since we know there is but one Holy Spirit (Eph_4:4-6), and since the Lamb is a symbol of Christ,

The seven lamps of fire (Rev_4:5), the seven horns, and seven eyes are all symbolic of the one Holy Spirit and can only denote His fullness and power upon the Lamb and

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 457before the throne (Joh_3:34; Isa_11:2; Isa_42:1-7; Isa_61:1-2; Act_10:38).

The seven lamps of the tabernacle must symbolize the eyes of the Lord, as in the pattern (Exo 25:40; Zec 4:2, Zec 4:10; Heb 8:5; Heb 9:23).

Spiritual meanings have been given to every number from 1 to 40, leading to many fallacies and causing mysticism to shroud the plain revelation of God.

But, it is erroneous to say that every use of "seven" or any other number in Scripture is symbolic.

"One" means unity in some passages (Gen 2:24; Gen 11:6; Joh 10:30; Joh 17:21-23), but to make it mean unity in all passages would be unscriptural, as in Gen 2:21; Gen 4:19; Gen 14:13; Gen 19:9; Jos 12:9-24; Joh 1:23, Joh 1:26, Joh 1:40

Doctrine must have the authority of scriptural evidence; otherwise it is only human opinion.

38] And the tongs thereof, and the snuffdishes thereof, shall be of pure gold.

[snuffdishes] The snuffdishes merely held the tongs which were used in cleaning the wicks of the lamps. The lamps were trimmed and taken care of otherwise, every morning and evening (Exo 30:7-8; Lev 24:3-4).

39] Of a talent of pure gold shall he make it, with all these vessels.

[talent of pure gold] A talent of gold was $600,000 and weighed about 125 lbs.

40] And look that thou make them after their pattern, which was shewed thee in the mount.

[pattern] Exo 25:9; Num 8:5; 1Ch 28:19; Heb 8:5.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 458

Exodus 26The Tapestry Covering1] Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains

of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them.

[make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen ...]

Twelve Commands - the Ten Linen Curtains 1. Make ten fine linen curtains (Exo 26:1)2. Embroidery on them: cherubim (H3742) of blue, purple, scarlet3. Length: 42 ft. (Exo 26:2)4. Breadth: 6 ft.5. Make all curtains the same size6. Couple five curtains together at the sides, making a width of 30

ft. (Exo 26:3)7. Couple the other five curtains together, making 30 ft.8. Make loops of blue on the edge of each of the five-curtain

sections (Exo 26:4)9. Make fifty loops to hold the two sets of curtains together,

making one piece 42 ft. long and 60 ft. wide (Exo 26:5)10. Make fifty taches (hooks, Exo 26:6)11. Couple the two pieces (of five curtains each) together with the

gold hooks12. Make the curtains to be one for the tabernacle

[tabernacle]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 459The Curtains and CoveringsExodus 26:1-14. Exodus 36:8-19.Two curtains and two coverings formed the roof of the tabernacle..

Four Coverings of the Tabernacle1. The inner material of fine linen curtains, housing the holy place

and most holy place (Exo 26:1-6)2. The tent or middle covering of goats’ hair (Exo 26:7-13)3. The first outside covering or rams’ skins dyed red (Exo 26:14)4. The outside covering of badger skins to withstand weather

(Exo 26:14)

Why there were four coverings is not explained; perhaps to keep out summer heat as well as moisture during Judea’s rainy seasons.

Fine Linen Cloth. [ten] Here "ten" has no apparent symbolic meaning. Even when

used in prophecy and typology it means ten (Dan 7:7, Dan 7:20, Dan 7:24; Rev 12:3; Rev 13:1; Rev 17:3, Rev 17:7, Rev 17:17).

[fine twined linen] It is clear from the New Testament that the tabernacle, sacrifices, offerings, and rituals of the law are among the few truly biblical types (Col 2:14-17; Heb 10:1).

However, the details of these things should have only scriptural meanings. If fine linen has any meaning, it could only be typical of righteousness, as in Rev 19:8.

All three outer fabrics speak of Christ's suffering: • Badgers' skins, the despised, beaten, bruised One;• Rams' skins, the substitute through death;• Goats' hair, the sin offering.These all bring us to the inner beauty seen in the innermost covering. The innermost curtain is called the mishkan or "residence“

It is usually translated "the tabernacle“ It served as the ceiling, the innermost covering of the Tabernacle.

Fine (white) Linen served as the background for the colors;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 460Christ could be all that He was and accomplish all that He did, because He was the sinless One, holy, perfect, pure, spotless, faultless,

like the fine flour of the meal offering

[of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet]These curtains were Embroidered linen tapestry woven of finely twisted linen thread and blue, purple and scarlet yarn.

They had a design of cherubim worked into them.

Gold (Deity) clasps holding the ceiling together, purple (royalty), blue (heavenly), scarlet (priesthood) embroidery.

This innermost ceiling basically encases the Tabernacle from above.

Its beauty is only visible from the inside due to the other coverings. If one was to look up on the inside of the Tabernacle one would see the cherubim (Ps 91:4; 61:4; 17:8).

The colors always seem to be mentioned in the same order:Blue, purple and scarlet

These colors are also found in the various fabrics:• at the gate,• the door,• the veil, and• in the high priest's ephod.

[Blue] A heavenly color Always associated with the blue sky.

It is the emblematic color of divinity and grace.

Sometimes clouds come between and temporarily blot out our view of the sky, but they never blot it out or dilute it.

Likewise, God is boundless … Christ is divine; who can blot out or dilute Him?

The blue in these curtains typifies Jesus as the divine Son of God.

[Scarlet] Genesis 25:25: "And the first [twin] came out red. He was like

an hairy garment all over; so they called his name Esau.“

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 461Esau was a red haired man; He was an earthly man in his desires,

To satisfy an earthly gratification he sold his birthright His spiritual heritage went for a meal of red meat stew.

Red is the primary color of the earth – the soil predominately red…

"Adam," the name given to man in Genesis, comes from the root word meaning "red earth.“• Adam, the first man, was of the earth - made from dust of

the ground. • Jesus was the second Man - the Lord from heaven.

[Purple] is the harmonizing color that results from the other two being brought together.

The divinity and humanity brought together in Jesus birth

[with cherubims]Cherubim (H3742) are heavenly creatures who dwell in God’s

presence and have certain duties:1. They guarded the tree of life in Eden when man was driven

out (Gen 3:24)2. They are one means of God in travel (2Sa 22:11; Psa

18:10)3. They take God’s throne (at least His travelling throne) from

place to place (Eze 1:1-28; Eze 9:3; Eze 10:1-20; Eze 11:22)

As the mercy seat represented God’s presence and cherubim actually dwell in His presence in heaven, it was proper that they be represented on the linen curtains, to further impress men with the fact of divine presence.

Ordinary angels are called cherubs (Eze 28:11-17).

A priest, looking up at the ten inner curtains of the Tabernacle roof panel would be reminded that God's protecting forces were looking down.

Cherubim always seem to be busy with the task of protection.Cherubim at the gate of the Garden of Eden, guarded the way to the Tree of Life.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 462Cherubim above the mercy seat, guarded the Holiness of God,

Keeping all that is unholy – represented by the broken Law – from accessing His presence until that access was opened by the shed blood of the sacrifice sprinkled on the Mercy Seat.

2] The length of one curtain shall be eight and twenty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and every one of the curtains shall have one measure.

[length of one curtain shall be eight and twenty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits] Taking a cubit as 18 inches, makies each curtain 6 ft. X 42 ft.

[every one of the curtains shall have one measure] All ten of the curtain panels were of one equal size.

3] The five curtains shall be coupled together one to another; and other five curtains shall be coupled one to another.

4] And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

The inner curtain consisted of 10 curtains, each 28 x 4 cubits. These long panels were handwoven on looms about 7 feet wide. They were connected at their edges into 2 sets of 5 united by 50 golden clasps attached to 100 blue loops, making the total dimensions 28 x 40 cubits (42 ft x 60 ft).

5] Fifty loops shalt thou make in the one curtain, and fifty loops shalt thou make in the edge of the curtain that is in the coupling of the second; that the loops may take hold one of another.

[Fifty loops shalt thou make in the one curtain] Fifty loops would make them about a foot apart.

50 loops of blue material were made along the selvedge (hem edge) of each of the end curtains of each set.

The fifty hooks were used to couple the curtains together (Exo_26:6) five panels in each of 2 sets – one for each side of the opening.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4636] And thou shalt make fifty taches of gold, and couple the

curtains together with the taches: and it shall be one tabernacle.

[thou shalt make fifty taches of gold] 50 gold clasps were used to fasten the curtains together to form a single unit.

The total final size was 28 x 40 cubits (48’ x 68¼’).

The clasps joining the goats' hair curtains were bronze.They link together using 100 loops sewn in the curtains.

For these linen curtains the clasps are of gold. The metals increase in value as we approach the center: bronze to gold.

When the curtains are in their place, forming the ceiling, the fifty clasps lie immediately above the golden band or strip that holds up the veil and divides the Holy of Holies from the Holy Place.

Fifty is the number of Pentecost.

And you shall count for yourselves from the day after the Sabbath, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering: seven Sabbaths shall be completed. Count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath ... Lev 23:15-16

Now when the Day of Pentecost had fully come ... Acts 2:1 This was 50 days after Christ's resurrection.

The Holy Spirit descended and sat upon each of the disciples, who were all filled with the power of the Holy Spirit.

On that day the early disciples entered the dispensation of the Holy Spirit and of the Church.

Goat’s Hair Covering7] And thou shalt make curtains of goats’ hair to be a

covering upon the tabernacle: eleven curtains shalt thou make.

[make curtains of goats’ hair ...]Twelve Commands—the Eleven Goats’ Hair Curtains1. Make eleven curtains of goats’ hair.2. Length: 45 ft. (Exo_26:8)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4643. Breadth: 6 ft.4. Make all eleven curtains the same.5. Hook five curtains together (Exo_26:9).6. Hook six curtains together.7. Double the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tabernacle.8. Make fifty loops on the edges (Exo_26:10).9. Make fifty taches (hooks) of brass (Exo_26:11).10. Put the hooks in the loops and couple the curtains together

(making one piece, 45 ft. X 66 ft.).11. Hang the remnant (half a curtain) over the backside of the

tabernacle (Exo_26:12).12. Let 18 inches of each end hang over the sides of the

tabernacle (Exo_26:13).

[goats’ hair] This refers to cloth made of black goat’s hair for a second covering of the tabernacle.

The tabernacle was built in an area of the world where a white goat is a rarity: Middle Eastern goats are black.

All tents in the Middle East were made of goats' hair and are spoken of by the Bedouin as their "home of hair."

Modern Bedouin tents are nearly always made of goat’s hair which forms a strong waterproof cloth adapted to wear in travel.

SoS 1:5 I am black, but lovely, 0 daughters of Jerusalem, like the tents of Kedar, like the curtains of Solomon.

To identify and keep their ownership of the flocks separate, Jacob proposes to Laban that Jacob should have all the streaked, speckled, and spotted goats. All non-black goats would become Jacob's. Gen 30

As evidence that the goats were normally black Laban agrees saying, "Oh, that it were according to your word." v34

It has been said that a Middle Eastern shepherd wears a sheepskin coat because he believes the sheep like to see him as one of them.

What a foreview of Immanuel - "God with us,"

God in Christ Jesus dwelt in the same human form in which we find ourselves.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 465"For verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of Abraham. Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God ... " (Heb 2:16-17)

Goats are mentioned in two ways:

One as a type of sin goat’s hair used to deceive with Jacob and Esau; goat’s blood also used to deceive Jacob on Joseph’s coat; Mikal and Saul – 1 Sam 19, goat’s hair used to defraud; Mt 19, sheep and goats

Goats are a type of sin, used in offerings to be sin bearers (Lk 22; Nu 28:17-22; Lev 23:15-19; Num 29:1,5; Lev 16:19-22; Lev 4:23; 4:27-28; 9; Nu 7:16; 15:24-27; 11:15)

There are 11 types of goat sin offerings.

We use the color black as emblematic of sin.White suggests purity and righteousness,

We see Christ as the sin offering – represented by black.

The goat with its black hair is a “type” representing sin: • A kid goat was the animal for a sin offering Lev 9:3• Two goats were used on the day of atonement Lev 16:5-28• Sheep and goats represent accepted and rejected peoples

Matt 25:32Christ came in the likeness of sinful flesh

Rom 8:3 For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh:

8] The length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and the eleven curtains shall be all of one measure.

[length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits] Length: 45 ft.

[breadth of one curtain four cubits] Breadth: 6 ft.

[eleven curtains shall be all of one measure] One more curtain larger than the covering of linen of Exo_26:1-6, making the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 466second covering 3 ft. longer and 6 ft. wider than the first (cp. Exo_26:1-2 with Exo_26:8).

The Goat’s hair curtain was actually a set of 11 curtain panels, each 30 cubits long and 4 cubits wide.

There were 11 panels of goat’s hair sewn together in 2 groups of 5 panels and 6 panels,

The 2 pieces were united by 50 bronze clasps ("taches") that connected 100 loops on the panels

50 loops in each of the 2 panels. When joined, they formed one great canopy, 30 cubits by 44 cubits, (45 ft x 66 ft) covering over the tabernacle completely and overlapping the fine linen innermost ceiling cover.

9] And thou shalt couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shalt double the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tabernacle.

[double the sixth curtain in the forefront] This curtain made the second covering wide enough to overlap in front.

10] And thou shalt make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops in the edge of the curtain which coupleth the second.

[fifty loops] Like the ten linen curtains (Exo_26:1-6), these were made into one covering by fifty loops and hooks, with brass hooks instead of gold.

11] And thou shalt make fifty taches of brass, and put the taches into the loops, and couple the tent together, that it may be one.

Bronze represents judgment.

12] And the remnant that remaineth of the curtains of the tent, the half curtain that remaineth, shall hang over the backside of the tabernacle.

Half the eleventh curtain (3 ft.) was to hang down in front — the same amount the first hung down in back — to overlap (Exo_26:9, Exo_26:12).

13] And a cubit on the one side, and a cubit on the other side of that which remaineth in the length of the curtains of the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 467tent, it shall hang over the sides of the tabernacle on this side and on that side, to cover it.

Each curtain is slightly larger than the previous covering so that it completely covers the previous layer.

On each side of the tabernacle the curtains were to overlap 18 inches

Ram’s Skins Covering14] And thou shalt make a covering for the tent of rams’

skins dyed red, and a covering above of badgers’ skins.Two coverings were to go over the linen (Exo_26:1-6) and the goats’ hair (Exo_26:7-14).

These curtains had to be slightly larger to cover the whole tabernacle and the curtains underneath.

This covering went below the Badger skin (outer most covering) and on top of the goat hair covering.

Ram’s skins 1st appear in Gen 3:21; 22:13. (Cain and Abel, faith vs works issue).

In Gen 22, the ram is substituted for Isaac, the substitutionary ram.

Rams' Skins Dyed Red. The ram is the animal of substitution. It takes the place of another,

See the story of Abraham and Isaac (Gen 22-24) andThe many occasions detailed in the Levitical offerings. While we don’t know which animal, it was an animal sacrifice’s

skin that was used in the garden of Eden as a substitute for the fig leaves of man's providing.

It is also the animal used for the consecration of the priesthood, It is called the "ram of the consecration“ Exo 29; Lev 8

Jesus consecrated Himself to the work of the cross becoming our substitute.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 468I should have died, but He died for me, as the ram did for Isaac.

The outer 2 sets of roof coverings was called the ahel or "tent," The inner 2 sets of curtains was called the mishkan or "tabernacle."

The tabernacle was not the tentThe tent was not the tabernacle.

The tabernacle was inside the tent

The tent covered the tabernacle. The tabernacle was God's dwelling place. The tent was man's meeting place.

God today dwells within the believer…

Badger Skins[and a covering above of badgers’ skins] The top outermost covering was badger skins which stood the weather better.

Only one verse mentions the two outer coverings: badgers' skins and rams' skins.

The badger we know in the West was an unknown in the area of the Sinai Peninsula.

Whether the animal referred to as a "badger“ belonged to the land or the sea is uncertain.

The sea appears more likely. Some translations say "porpoise skins," some "dolphin skins," some "sea cow [i.e., dugong] hide."

“Badger” or “porpoise” skins - an animal related to whales and dolphins, which is available in the Nile and the Red Sea (but not in the desert!). Ezek 16:10; Deut 8:4; 29:5; Neh 9:21; Ruth 4:7.

They wandered 40 years and their clothes did not wear out!

The use of these skins may speak of durability, or security.

The only other reference to the “badger” in Scripture is: Ezekiel 16:10 "I ... gave you sandals of badger skin."

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 469These skins had some sort of a longwearing, preservative nature.It formed the outer layer of the roof or a tent over the tabernacle protecting what was beneath from exposure to storm, rain, sand, and scorching sun. A weathered and beaten skin or hide it had no beauty or attractiveness.

This outer skin of the roof would be practically all that could be seen of the Tabernacle by an onlooker standing outside the courtyard.

Christ has become the covering of all those who put their trust in Him.

The wrath which was due to us fell on Him; The storm of judgment broke upon His head; The scorching heat of hatred spent its rays upon Him.

Isa 53:3 "He is despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief," until it was said of Him, "[He is] as a root out of dry ground. He has no form or comeliness; and when we see Him, there is no beauty that we should desire Him.“

[Mat 28:17; Luke 24:16; Luke 24:37; John 20:14, John 21:4]

He was and is our outer covering…

We do know Him and see beyond His marred beaten surface.But, our eyes, by grace, have been permitted to see beyond the badger skin of His human frame and discover what is beneath.

We are blessed to see the beauty from within and not just observe from a distance looking from the outside.

The Boards and Bars Exo 26:15-29. Exo 36:20-34.15] And thou shalt make boards for the tabernacle of shittim

wood standing up.Eighteen Commands — the Boards and Sockets1.  Make boards of shittim wood for the tabernacle which are to be

placed standing up to form the sides (Exo_26:15).2.  Length: 15 ft. (Exo_26:16).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 4703.  Width: 27 inches4.  Make each board with two tenons to fit into foundation sockets

(Exo_26:17).5.  Make twenty boards for the south wall (Exo_26:18).6.  Make forty foundation sockets of silver for the twenty boards,

two sockets for each board (Exo_26:19).7.  Make twenty boards for the north wall (Exo_26:20).8.  Make forty sockets for ends of twenty boards for north side

(Exo_26:21).9.  Make six boards for west end of tabernacle (Exo_26:22).10.  Make two boards for each corner (Exo_26:23).11.  Couple the corner boards together at both ends with rings

(Exo_26:24).12.  Make sixteen sockets (bases) of silver for the end boards

(Exo_26:25).13.  Make bars of shittim wood, five for the boards on each side

and five for the end (Exo_26:26-27).14.  The middle bar of the five shall reach from end to end of the

boards on the sides and end of tabernacle (Exo_26:28).15.  Overlay the boards with gold (Exo_26:28).16.  Make the rings that fasten the bars to the boards, of gold.17.  Overlay the bars with gold.18.  Set up the tabernacle as shown on the mount (Exo_26:30).

[shittim wood] They Were Made of Acacia Wood. The acacia tree is a native species of the Sinai Peninsula and the desert.

The shittim or acacia tree trunk was seldom more than 2 ft. thick. More than one may have been joined together to make each board 27 inches wide.

How thick the boards were is not known. They were each entirely covered with gold so that all of them together appeared as a solid board.

[standing upright] Sand is unstable. How did they stabilize the 15 ft long x 27 in wide boards?

16] Ten cubits shall be the length of a board, and a cubit and a half shall be the breadth of one board.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 471Each of the 48 boards was 10 cubits long (15 feet) and 1½ wide (2½+ feet). The thickness is not stated.

17] Two tenons shall there be in one board, set in order one against another: thus shalt thou make for all the boards of the tabernacle.

“Tenon” - Hebrew can mean an extension, tongue and groove type, or it can mean “hand.”

Each board at its lower end had two tenons

Projections that allowed the boards to stand solidly in the silver sockets of its foundation.

The two tenons provide a firm connection between the boards and their foundation which allowed them to stand firm, straight and upright.

Ordinary tents were erected by driving in stakes and pins; their strength depended on a grip of the desert.

18] And thou shalt make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards on the south side southward.

[twenty boards on the south] Twenty boards on a side, each 27 inches wide, made the tabernacle 45 ft. long.

[side] pe’ah (H6285), extremity; side (Exo_26:18, Exo_26:20; Exo_27:9-13; Exo_36:23; Exo_38:9-14).

Silver Sockets19] And thou shalt make forty sockets of silver under the

twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two sockets under another board for his two tenons.Exo 30:11-16 Exo 38:25-28 Matt 17:24-27 1 Ptr 1:18-19

Israel was in the wilderness – an extremely sandy region.The Lord said that a man who built his house on sand is foolish.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 472The boards of God's tent were given two "feet" – tenons - and two silver sockets separating the board from the earth.As trees they had been well rooted in the desert.

The boards stood independent of making no contact with the sand of the desert. They stood upright on the desert but were no longer of it.

Exodus 38 provides more detail:

Exo 38:25-27 NKJV And the silver from those who were numbered of the congregation was one hundred talents and one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary: 26 a bekah for each man (that is, half a shekel, according to the shekel of the sanctuary), for everyone included in the numbering from twenty years old and above, for six hundred and three thousand, five hundred and fifty men. 27 And from the hundred talents of silver were cast the sockets of the sanctuary and the bases of the veil: one hundred sockets from the hundred talents, one talent for each socket.

A census had been taken: When the 603,550 men counted in this initial numbering each paid his ½ shekel ransom money it brought in a total of 301,775 shekels of silver. Num 1:45-46

"Half a shekel, according to the shekel of the sanctuary" was what each man paid.

It weighed a ¼ ounce and was equal to 31¢ [1963 = $12]

God fixed the price and man must comply. "The rich shall not give more and the poor shall not give

less” each man was to pay for himself.

In acknowledgment of God's goodness, all men 20 years of age and upwards annually paid, by their own free will, ½ shekel of sanctuary money, as a contribution towards the maintenance of the temple.

It was a socially expected but voluntary religious fee.

The Lord specified how the silver was to be utilized: At this first census it was "for the service of the tabernacle“

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 473primarily for the making of the silver sockets that became the foundation of the tabernacle.

There were 100 silver sockets each weighing a talent.96 of these were to make foundations for the boards,

the other 4 served as sockets for the pillars of the veil.

3,000 shekels equaled a talent (125 lbs)The shekel and the gerah were not coins — they were weights.

In the NT we have coins but in the OT we have weights.

This foundation of more than 6 tons of silver was necessary.

Silver - a ransom price - separated the boards from the sand. If you are ransomed by Christ, you are not your own.

You are in the world but not of it,

You are separated from it because of the blood of Christ. "Come out from among them and be separate, says the Lord.

Do not touch what is unclean ... " (2 Cor. 6:17)God has given you two feet.

Both need to be placed firmly into the silver sockets. Many Christians have one foot established in "the redemption that is in Christ Jesus“

But their other foot in something else:pleasure, perhaps, or politics, or "isms" of the world.

When these worldly things are put on an equal ‘footing’ with Christian living, stability is lost.

(Ro 8:3) For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh

To "atone" means to "cover." That is what laws and offerings did, but they did not erase sin.

Christ's work was to redeem, to set us free from the power of sin and death.

Not just “cover” them.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 474The foundation of the congregation in the wilderness was the Half a shekel price of ransom for each and every man.

We need a foundation for our faith that is solid, dependable, and lasting.

Our foundation is the redemption that is in Christ Jesus and His death. It separates us from the shifting unstable earth.

1Co 3:11 For no other foundation can anyone lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ.

It separates us from the shifting unstable earth. The Church rests entirely on Christ's redemptive work.

1 Pet 1:18-19 "Knowing that you were not redeemed with corruptible things, like silver and gold, from your aimless conduct received by tradition from your fathers, but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot”

Like salvation, God has laid down His conditions. It is faith in Christ.

Whether we are high or low, rich or poor, learned or ignorant, prince or pauper, back or white, young or old the condition is simple and within the reach of all - faith in Christ, our ransom.

IF, the silver sockets are a type of the redemptive work of the Lord Jesus Christ, by whose blood the foundation of the true Church has been laid.

THEN, these boards, standing on that foundation form the place of God’s dwelling, A type, representing the believers, who rest upon the finished work of Jesus' cross.

Are we standing upright?

The Word of God tells us that Jesus Christ is the chief cornerstone - the source of strength and stability for all believers.

20] And for the second side of the tabernacle on the north side there shall be twenty boards:The opposite side (Exo_26:18, Exo_26:20).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 475

21] And their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.

[sockets] ’eden (H134), base; foundation; socket.

Each silver socket weighed a talent —117-125 lbs.

The tenons on the end of the boards were fitted in rabbets in the bases, and the boards stood upright to make the wall.

The Septuagint reads: "forty bases of silver, two for each pilaster, for both the ends thereof."

There were twenty boards and forty silver socket bases to each long side

In one end eight boards and sixteen silver bases and sockets into which the board-ends could rest on their foundation.

The other end of the tabernacle was open except for five pillars to hold up the outer veil (Exo_26:36-37).

The inner veil was held up by four pillars (Exo_26:31-32).

22] And for the sides of the tabernacle westward thou shalt make six boards.

[six boards] The six boards with the two corner boards made eight boards — the end wall was 18 ft. wide (Exo_26:22-25).

The wall was 15-18 ft. high.

23] And two boards shalt thou make for the corners of the tabernacle in the two sides.

Nothing is said in Scripture of the Tabernacle being 30 cubits in length nor of the thickness of the boards.

30 cubits is the Tabernacle’s internal measurement, calculated from (20) 1½ a cubits wide boards or adding the dimensions of it 2 rooms.

A room size is never measured from the outside.The outer measurement must be greater.

The text allows for it in the two corner boards.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 476The Hebrew word for "corner" is mequtsoah, meaning "angle."

Cut a board lengthwise down the center at a 45o angle, reverse one piece and join the 2 pieces together again, and you have a "corner" or "angle" board for each of the 2 comers.

24] And they shall be coupled together beneath, and they shall be coupled together above the head of it unto one ring: thus shall it be for them both; they shall be for the two corners.

[coupled together beneath] The four corner boards were to be coupled together at the top and bottom with rings of gold (Exo_26:23-24).

The boards have a relationship to each other standing joined side by side

In Christ we as the building material of God’s house today, we have a relationship to each other and to God but we no longer have any relation to the desert.

They are to stand in union with, connected to each other.

48 boards, 10 x 1½ cubits stood together, side by side, so "fitly framed together" as to become one building.

They stood shoulder to shoulder with such a unity (not uniformity) that daylight could not be seen between them.

Each board is unique but so well balanced and fitted together there was no rubbing or chafing.

All this was the result of being built on a solid foundation.

When believers are out of line fundamentally, they are out with line with each other and with God’s intended purpose.

One person leaning toward this theory. Another toward that dogma causes a loss of unity and fellowship.

The Enemy can enter through the cracks and fissures and split the work.

He can rattle the boards against each other causing a chafing; an irritability which brings discord and discontent.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 477The boards were “joined together by what every joint supplies"

(Eph 4:16) They were equal in their height, 48 boards 10 cubits high.

"jealousy is cruel as the grave" (Song 8:6)God planed them even in height.

There is no place in the church where one can look down on or despise another, or be jealous of one another.

"Let each esteem others better than himself" (Phil. 2:3b). We need to become a perfect man, to the measure of the stature

of the fullness of Christ" (Eph.4:13b).

25] And they shall be eight boards, and their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.

26] And thou shalt make bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle,

[bars of shittim wood] The bars were to strengthen and hold the boards of the walls together. To keep them together against the blowing sand and wind.

Every board may have been fastened to the bars with rings of gold turning a portable building into a solid unified construction..

The bars were placed in five rows lengthwise on the walls at equal distances apart — a middle bar with two bars above and below it (Exo_26:26-28).

These were visible and passed through the entire rows of rings.

Silver sockets kept the boards from sinking into the sand losing equality of height.

Their close relationship with each other prevented a tilting to the right or left.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 478To keep them from leaning backwards or forwards and so get out of line and touch with each other, gold covered bars reinforced the boards.

These bars consolidated the parts into a whole; into one.

There were 5 bars on each of the sides: north, south, and west.

The center bar went from end to end.The other 4 were apparently half lengths, 2 above and 2 below the center one.

The 20 boards stood side by side,

The bar that passed through the 20 boards from end to end needed to be nearly 52’ long.

The bar was neither metal nor bamboo, but acacia wood overlaid with gold

What thickness would the bar have to be not to snap?

What thickness would the boards have to allow a bar to pass through them?

Could you force a bar that long through the inside of 20 boards without damaging the bar even if you could align the 17’+ high boards during the bar’s insertion?

If you could successfully insert the bar through the center of the boards, could you withdraw it from the boards without damage it or the boards or the plating?

The 5 bars all passed through rings around the outside of the boards binding them together into one complete structure,

God in His ‘grace’ has placed 5 gifts of ministry in the Church;

Ephesians 4:11: "And He Himself gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers.“

The distinction between pastors and teacher is sometimes blurred today.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 479The first two ministries are represented by the two lower bars

...built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets... Eph 2:20 The foundation of the silver sockets of Christ’s redeeming blood is lower than the bars and supports the entire structure.

The apostles and prophets were the substructure of ministry who built upon the foundation

– the silver sockets of Christ’s redemptive work

The other bars were part of the superstructure.

The center bar, reaching from end to end, would remind us of the center ministry stated - that of the evangelist.

Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature Mark 16:15

Then come the labors of the pastor and teacher: • One to shepherd and care for the flock, • The other to instruct them in divine things

The two together ever seek to lift the church higher and higher.

These two ministries are typified by the two top bars.

Take away the bars from the boards and even light a broadside wind would scatter the boards like feathers and the whole structure would collapse.

If we did not possess all these God-given ministries in the Church, every wind of doctrine (Eph 4:14) would scatter the flock.

God has not only established the Church, He has also supplied its means of consolidation and strengthening.

"In whom the whole building, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord, in whom you also are being built together for a habitation of God in the Spirit" (Eph 2:21-22).

The tabernacle was a habitation of God in wood and gold.

The Church is a habitation of God in spiritual and living stones

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 48027] And five bars for the boards of the other side of the

tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the side of the tabernacle, for the two sides westward.

[sides] yerekah (H3411), "rear; part; quarter; side"

(Exo_26:22-23, Exo_26:27; Exo_36:27, Exo_36:28, Exo_36:32; 1Sa_24:3; 1Ki_6:16; 2Ki_19:23; Psa_48:2; Psa_128:3; Isa_14:13, Isa_14:15; Isa_37:24; Jer_6:22; Eze_32:23; Eze_46:19; Amo_6:10; Jon_1:5).

It could not mean the end had two sides. The two corner boards were the two sides with six boards between them, making the eight boards of the end

(Exo_26:22-23, Exo_26:27; Exo_36:27, Exo_36:28, Exo_36:32)

28] And the middle bar in the midst of the boards shall reach from end to end.

[middle bar] The middle bars on the sides and end went the whole length of the walls.

The length of the other four bars is not given.

Basically, these boards are the height of the Tabernacle, they are side by side.

Each board is sitting on silver blocks, (some estimate that the blocks weighed over 100 lbs each). 96 are here described.

This foundation seems a bit excessive for a portable building.

Silver (Ex 30:13; Lev 27:3) is redemption money (Lev 17:10-11; 1 Pet 1:18; 1 Cor 6:20; 3).

Silver in the Old Testament is equivalent to blood, it is the blood money used for redemption (a ransom money paid to God).

It was this silver that was brought together to make the foundation of the Tabernacle.

Silver Levitically speaks of blood, Matt 27:3-4.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 481Thus, everything in the entire Tabernacle sat on silver sockets; 1 Cor 3:11, the entire structure rests upon the blood of Jesus Christ. Every detail points to the cross!

Overlaid with Gold29] And thou shalt overlay the boards with gold, and make

their rings of gold for places for the bars: and thou shalt overlay the bars with gold.

Four commands:1.  Overlay the boards with gold.2.  Make the rings of gold.3.  Overlay the bars with gold.4.  Erect tabernacle as shown on the mountain (Exo_26:30;

Exo_25:40; Heb_8:5).

On the face of each board rings were mounted through which bars were passed.

The acacia boards, having been prepared, were overlaid and beautified with pure gold.

Wood is a type of humanity Gold is a type of divinity.

God not only works in the natural man transforming the human nature,

He also clothes us with and we become "partakers of the divine nature" (2 Pet 1:4).

Into each board were put 3 rings through which bars were passed.

Some suggest the 3 rings are a picturing of the triune blessing:• the grace of the Lord Jesus,• the love of God, and• the fellowship of the Holy Spirit.

Others say that they represent • faith,• hope, and• love;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 482Still others suggest that they point to the work of the Triune God on behalf of each believer.

We can find the three statements all in Romans 8: "What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who can be against us?" (v31). "Who is he who condemns? It is Christ who died, and furthermore is also risen, who is even at the right hand of God, who also makes intercession for us" (v34). "Likewise the Spirit also helps in our weaknesses. For we do not know what we should pray for as we ought, but the Spirit Himself makes intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered" (v26).

30] And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle according to the fashion thereof which was shewed thee in the mount.

They were to assemble the Tabernacle in a specific way as commanded by God.

The Veil31] And thou shalt make a vail of blue, and purple, and

scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work: with cherubims shall it be made:

[make a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen ...]In that day we could not have gone beyond the veil that hangs behind the golden incense altar:

Now however, the veil has been rent and we can freely access the Most Holy Place – the throne room of God…

If we were to have entered it then we would have seen, in solitary grandeur, the ark of the covenant, Upon it rested a lid - the blood-sprinkled mercy seat - having two cherubim with wings outstretched covering it.

Under the mercy seat within the Ark of the Covenant were hidden • the 2 stone tablets of testimony from Sinai,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 483• Aaron's rod that budded, and • the golden pot of manna,

Above the mercy seat was the glory of the Shekinah presence of God.

Four commands—inner veil and pillars:1.  Make a linen veil with cherubim 2.  Hang it on four pillars (Exo_26:32).3.  Make the hooks of gold.4.  Set the pillars on four sockets (bases, foundations) of silver.

32] And thou shalt hang it upon four pillars of shittim wood overlaid with gold: their hooks shall be of gold, upon the four sockets of silver.

33] And thou shalt hang up the vail under the taches, that thou mayest bring in thither within the vail the ark of the testimony: and the vail shall divide unto you between the holy place and the most holy.

[hang up the vail under the taches ...]Six Commands—the Placement of Furniture1.  Hang the veil under the hooks of the tabernacle cloth

overhead.2.  Bring the ark inside the veil.3.  Make the veil a division between the holy and most holy place.4.  Put the mercy seat upon the ark in the most holy place

(Exo_26:34).5.  Set the table outside the veil on the north wall at the middle

point (Exo_26:35).6.  Set the candlestick opposite the table on the south wall.

34] And thou shalt put the mercy seat upon the ark of the testimony in the most holy place.

35] And thou shalt set the table without the vail, and the candlestick over against the table on the side of the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 484tabernacle toward the south: and thou shalt put the table on the north side.

36] And thou shalt make an hanging for the door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework.

[make an hanging for the door of the tent ...]Five Commands — the Outer Veil and Pillars1. Make an embroidered linen veil for the door of the tabernacle

(Exo_26:36).2. Make five pillars to hang the door upon (Exo_26:37).3. Overlay the pillars with gold.4. Make the hooks of gold.5. Make five castings of brass bases for the five pillars.

[blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen]

The same colors of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine (white) linen were used in

the ten curtains of the first covering of the tabernacle (Exo_25:4; Exo_26:1), the inner veil (Exo_26:31), the outer veil (Exo_26:36), andthe gate curtain of the outer court (Exo_27:16).

[needlework] The work of the outer veil and gate of the court (Exo_27:16) was embroidery.

The work of the linen covering and the inner veil seems to be "cunning work" (Exo_26:1, Exo_26:31), called that of the weaver in Exo_35:35 and distinguished from embroidery.

It had a design woven into it by the weaver.

37] And thou shalt make for the hanging five pillars of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold, and their hooks shall be of gold: and thou shalt cast five sockets of brass for them.

Veil - Heb 9:2-5, 11-12, 23-25;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 485This Veil was for the Tabernacle, it is later replaced in the Temple, which some say was 18 inches thick Mt 27:50-51; Mk 15; Lk 23The Veil was always regarded as a partition between God and man, and when Jesus Christ was crucified and gave up the Spirit, the veil was torn in two, symbolizing the opening of the way between God and man.

It was that “way” which the cherubim were to guard from Eden onwards.

The protection of a path from God to man, of which Christ’s crucifixion is the climax of the whole program.

Torn from “top to bottom” symbolizing that it was God’s entire doing, we did not do anything.

Later we are told by Paul that the wall of partition that separated the Gentile and Jewish areas of the Temple had been broken down. All men in Christ now have access to God and His presence.

Eph 2:13-16 NKJV But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For He Himself is our peace, who has made both one, and has broken down the middle wall of separation, 15 having abolished in His flesh the enmity, that is, the law of commandments contained in ordinances, so as to create in Himself one new man from the two, thus making peace, 16 and that He might reconcile them both to God in one body through the cross, thereby putting to death the enmity.

Rom_2:10 Rom_10:12 Gal_3:28 Col_3:11.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 486

Exodus 27There may seem to be a bit of repetition, but the way that the Book of Exodus is laid out describes the Tabernacle twice, once for instruction and again as they build the structure.

The structure of the setup of the Camp surrounding the Tabernacle is also an interesting study.

The Camp of IsraelThe Tabernacle was always set up at the center of the Camp of Israel.

The tribe of Levi assigned to care for it encamped around it.

Moses, Aaron, and the priests camped on the east side next to the entrance.

The three families of the tribe of Levi (Merari, Kohath, and Gershon), camped on the north, south, and west side, respectively.

The remaining twelve tribes were grouped into four camps around the Levites.

A Baker’s DozenIt is helpful to realize that there were really 13 tribes.

Jacob had twelve sons, each becoming the founder of one of the twelve tribes.

Joseph was sold into slavery and subsequently emerged as the prime minister of Egypt.

In Egypt, Joseph married Asenath and had two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

When Jacob and the rest of the family ultimately came to Egypt, Jacob adopted his two grandsons as his own.

With the tribe of Joseph in two parts, we have an “menu” of 13 to chose from.

The Twelve tribes of Israel (Jacob) are listed twenty times in the Old Testament.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 487They are listed by mother (Leah, Rachel, Zilhah, and Bilhah), By their numeration, By their encampment, By the order of march, By their geographical relations, etc.

Each time they are listed in a different order.

The Levites were exempt from military duties.

When the order of military march is given, there are still 12 listed, excluding Levi by dividing Joseph into two: Ephraim and Manasseh.

Levi is thus omitted on four occasions.

In a similar manner, Dan is omitted on three occasions, the most notable one in Revelation 7.

Relative Positions while Traveling Exo 26:18-22. Num 2-3• God led the way in the pillar of cloud.

• The three tribes that were to the east of the tabernacle moved forward under the standard of Judah.

Judah means "Praise of Jehovah."

God always puts praise first, and the praising man always finds himself in the forefront of victory.

• The Gershonites removed, folded, and packed onto two wagons all the fabrics - curtains, coverings, hangings of the court, gate, and door

• The Merarite clan, which was responsible for the structural part of the building, dismantled and packed onto four wagons the boards, bars, pillars, and silver sockets of the tabernacle as well as the bronze sockets, pillars, pins, and cords of the court

• The tribes under Reuben's standard fell in behind these wagons.

This brings us to the center of the procession,

• The Kohathite clan bore their sacred charge the furniture, including the ark covered by the veil and badgers' skins and then an outer covering of blue cloth.

The covering of the various items of furniture was done by Aaron and his sons.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 488• The table of showbread was covered with a blue cloth, upon

which were then laid the dishes, pans, bowls, and pitchers for pouring - also the bread.

Over all this was a scarlet cloth, then badgers' skins.

• The lampstand came next:

It and all its accessories were covered with a blue cloth, wrapped up in badgers' skins and put on a carrying frame.

• The golden altar was likewise covered with a blue cloth and badgers' skins.

• The vessels of the sanctuary are next mentioned as being put into a blue cloth, covered with badgers' skins and carried on a frame or beam.

These would include the many unnamed things like oil vessels.

• Finally came the brazen altar.

This was covered with a purple cloth upon which were placed the fire pans, meat forks, shovels, basins, etc.

All was covered with badgers' skins.

• No mention is made of the laver.

Perhaps because it was not covered - but it was there.

• Along with the other Kohathites was Eleazar, the son of Aaron, who was responsible for the lighting oil, the anointing oil, the incense, etc.

• These holy vessels were followed by the standard of Ephraim and his confederates.

• Dan, with Asher and Naphtali, came up as a rearguard.

God has a task for each of us to perform, one responsibility differing from another.

We must not covet another man's calling but see to it that we faithfully discharge our own.

The Four “Camps”

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 489The twelve remaining tribes, excluding the Levites, were clustered into four “camps.”

Each of these groups, of three tribes each, were to rally around the tribal standard of the lead tribe.

Judah’s tribal standard was the lion. Reuben’s ensign was a man; Ephraim’s the ox; Dan’s the eagle.

Design Structure of the Four Gospels Matthew Mark Luke John

!------- Synoptic Gospels -------!Presents as: Messiah Servant Son of ManSon of God Face: Lion Ox Man Eagle Ensign: Judah Ephraim Reuben Dan Camp Site: East West South North Genealogy: Abraham --- Adam Eternity

Legal Bloodline Preexistence What Jesus: Said Did Felt Was To the: Jew Roman Greek Church 1st Miracle: Leper Demon Demon Water into

cleansed expelled expelled wineEnds with: Resurrection Ascension Promise of Promised

the Spirit ReturnActs Revelation

Style: Groupings Snapshot Narratlve SupernaturalReview

Key Word: Fulfilled Eutheos It came to Verily, Verily(38X) (42X) pass (40X) (24X)

Jesus: 151X 13X 88X 247X Facts: Whole Outer Holy Holy of

Camp Court Place Holies(Outer) (Outer) (Outer) (Outer)

Aspects: Human Human Human Divine Ministry: Galilean Galilean Galilean Judean

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 490* Mark may have been Peter’s amanuensis (secretary)

The MazzerothIt may come as a surprise to many to learn that each of the 12 tribes were associated with one of the constellations of the Mazzeroth (the Hebrew zodiac).

We know these by their post-Babel names after being corrupted by pagan traditions.

By learning the Hebrew names, and the names of the principal stars in the order of their magnitude, we discover they portray the entire redemptive plan of God - from the virgin birth (Virgo) to the triumph of the Lion of the Tribe of Judah (Leo).

The Four FacesIt is interesting to note that these four primary tribal standards - the lion, the man, the ox, and the eagle - are the same as the four faces of the cherubim.

Each time we encounter a view of the throne of God, these strange living creatures, are associated with the protection of His throne, His holiness, etc.

It would seem that the camp of Israel - with the tabernacle in the middle - seems to be a model of the throne of God:

His presence in the center, represented by the tabernacle, encircled by the four faces, all surrounded by His people.

Goat’s hair tents would make them appear very black (Song Sol 1:5) surrounding the Tabernacle with its white linen fence which would stand out rather brightly.

Black representing sin and white represents righteousness.

The Tabernacle with its white fence sitting on brass sockets, brass speaking of judgement in the Levitical sense.

From the outside looking in, one would only see righteousness and judgement of God.

By there’s even more. Why the specific numbers?

The Numbering

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 491The numbering of the tribes is detailed in Numbers 1.

The actual population represented is obviously somewhat larger than these enumerations, since only men over twenty, able to go to war, were counted.

Most analysts assume that women, children, and the elderly, would multiply the count factor: 3 or whatever.

The total camp would thus appear to approximate two million.

While the numbers of each tribe may not seem very revealing, the totals for each of the four camps are.

Cardinal Compass PointsEach of the camps, of three tribes each, were to encamp on one of the cardinal compass directions (N, S, E, or W) with respect to the camp of the Levites enclosing the tabernacle.

We can only guess at how much space was required by the Levites, whether it was 100 ft. on a side, 100 yards, or whatever.

But whatever it was, we’ll view that length as a basic unit.

To fully appreciate all of the implications, you must try to think like a rabbi: you need to maintain an extremely high respect for the precise details of the instructions.

The Tribe of Judah, Issachar, and Zebulon — collectively called the Camp of Judah — had to encamp east of the Levites.

This poses a technical problem.

If the breadth of their camp was larger than that of the Levites, the excess would be southeast or northeast, not east.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 492Therefore, their camp could only be as wide as the Levites, and they then had to extend eastward to obtain whatever space they required.

The camps of Reuben, Ephraim, and Dan had the same constraint on the south, west, and north respectively.

The length of each leg would be proportional to the total in each camp.

The tabernacle was always found in the very middle of the camp.

Tents were always pitched at some distance from the compound.

• Judah with Issachar and Zebulun on the east numbered 186,400 men.

• The southern encampment was Reuben, Simeon, and Gad, under the standard of Reuben numbering 151,450 men.

• To the west, at the back of the tabernacle, was Ephraim, Manasseh and Benjamin. They totaled 108,100 men.

• To the north was Dan, Asher and Naphtali, making another 157,600 men,

The total of men of 20 years old and upwards = 603,550 not including the tribe of Levi.

Levi was divided into 3 families or clans, pitched between the tabernacle and the camp, one Levite clan on each side.

• 8,600 of the clan of Kohath occupied the south side.

• The Gershonites were on the west, in number 7,500, and

• On the north were the Merarites, another 6,200.

• At the front, or east, were the tents of a subdivision of Kohathites:

Including Moses, Aaron the High Priest, and the sons of Aaron, the priests.

Then right in the center was God.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 493Aerial ViewIf we assemble what we can infer from the Torah account, we can imagine what the camp of Israel looked like from above:

the tabernacle and the Levites in the center, surrounded by the four faces of the tribal standards, and each of the four camps of Judah, Ephraim, Reuben, and Dan, stretching out in the four cardinal directions.

We can also tally the size of each tribe to total the relative length of each camp as they stretched out in each of the four directions.

The plan view, on a relative scale, is shown:

From the Torah, not the New Testament, it would appear as a cross.

The New Testament is in the Old Testament concealed; the Old Testament is in the New Testament revealed.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 494God is, always has been, and always will be a God of order.

God never meant for man to please himself. Christ did not do so - He came to do His Father's will.

“Though He was a Son, yet He learned obedience by the things which He suffered” (Heb 5:8)

This is not saying Jesus was disobedient and had to learn to behave.

As God, Jesus did not have to be obedient to anyone or anything. His word was creations law.

As man, Jesus had to learn obedience – what it meant and cost to be obedient to another.

It is the desire of the Lord that we submit to His plans and purposes.

By submitting to His plan, we will find the optimum, the best life possible.

Notes:1. Gen 41:37-41.

2. Gen 48.

3. Gen 29, 35; 46; 49; Ex 1; Num 1:1-15; 1:20-43; 2:7; 10; 13; 26; 34; Deut 27; 33; Josh 13ff; Jud 5; 1 Chron 2:1; 2:3-8; 12; 27; Eze 48; Rev 7.4. Num 2.

5. Ezek 1:10; 10:14; Rev 4:7. (Some feel that the seraphim in Isa 6 are the same.)

6. Num 2:3, 10, 18, 25.

Redeemed PeopleGentile saved?: Ps 65:4; 100:4; Lev 17:8; 22:18; Nu 15:14-16;

Rom 10:11-13.

What’s a cubit?Historically, a cubit was the length from the king’s elbow to the end of his hand. That did not work very well as with each new king, lengths changed.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 495For simplicity, many including in these notes, we have used 18 inches as the measure of a cubit knowing this is not likely correct but it does make it easier to translate to feet.

According to Wilkinson, the cubit as found in the Nilometer of Elephantine (flood water gage station stairway along the Nile) is 20.625 inches,

In the wooden Egyptian cubits it is also 20.625 inches

At this measure the courtyard was ~172’ x ~86’.

The ‘royal cubit’ in Solomon’s day was 25.2 inches.

The Outer CourtThe tabernacle was positioned in a rectangular courtyard 100 cubits long and 50 cubits wide.

When this court is replaced by the permanent court for the Temple; this becomes the outer court, sometimes called the “Court of the Gentiles.”

The First Temple (Solomon’s Temple), The Second Temple (Herod’s Temple, originally built by

Nehemiah’s Temple and remodeled by Herod), is the one which our Lord visited,

The Third Temple is the one to be rebuilt for use during the Tribulation, and then

A Fourth Temple which Ezekiel describes (the so-called Millennial Temple).

The Court was bounded by curtains, or "hangings," which were supported by 60 bronze pillars,

20 on each side 10 on each endwith 2 pillars united at each corner.

Length of Hangings for the Court are the same length of hanging over the Tabernacle (280 cubits).

The foundation of the court pillars consisted of 60 sockets of bronze buried into the ground, or sand, into which the pillars were inserted.

Each of the pillars was topped off with a cap which was overlaid with silver.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 496Called in the text a capital or chapiter (A.V.),

The door which is the only entrance and is on the East;John 10:9, Jesus is the Door.

Boards on the north! Boards on the south! Boards on the west! The only entrance to the east ..

The wilderness tabernacle always faced east toward the sun rise beginning each new day.

The Church’s outlook should be toward the sun rising from whence the Lord will make His appearance:

For as the lightning comes from the east and flashes to the west, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. Mt 24:27

The sun gives us the direction to look for the Son, the Morning Star, returning to signal the beginning of a new day.

The Tabernacle was comprised of 48 boards each having 2 tenons or feet.

Each board was 10 cubits high and 1½ cubits wide.

These were inserted into 96 silver sockets, each weighing approximately 125 lbs. -- about 6 tons in total

The boards were held together by 15 bars, 5 on each side and 5 on the west end.

These crossbars passed through a series of rings which were mounted to the boards.

The roof was formed from 2 sets of curtains and 2 sets of coverings.

• The first and innermost roof cover consisted of 10 curtain panels which were fastened together

They were made of blue, purple and scarlet yarn and fine linen thread with cherubim woven in. Its assembled overall dimensions were 42’ x 60’.

• Next were 11 panels of goats' hair joined together to form a curtain 45’ x 66’.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 497• The first set of outer coverings was made of rams' skins dyed

red.• The last or outer most cover was a set of badgers' skins.

Priestly Garments and the PriesthoodThe Priestly garments are described as part of the Tabernacle, they also point to Jesus Christ.

24 Elders described in Revelation. David organized 24 “courses” in Priesthood.

(All 24 courses are present at the Feast of Tabernacles.) “Aaron and his sons” are mentioned 24x in the Book of Exodus.

Priesthood refers to fellowship.)

The Altar1] And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits

long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits.

[make an altar of shittim wood ...]Twenty Commands - the Brazen Altar 1. Make an altar of shittim wood (Exo 27:1).2. Length: 7.5 ft.3. Breadth: 7.5 ft.4. Make it foursquare.5. Height: 4.5 ft.6. Make four horns of equal size on the four corners (Exo 27:2).7. Overlay altar with brass.8. Make pans and shovels for ashes (Exo 27:3).9. Make basins for blood and water.10. Make fleshhooks for the meat.11. Make firepans for fire.12. Make all utensils of brass.13. Make a grate of brass (Exo 27:4).14. Make four brazen rings in the corners of the grate.15. Put the grate in the middle of the altar beneath (Exo 27:5).16. Make staves of shittim wood (Exo 27:6).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 49817. Cover them with brass.18. Put the staves in the rings of the two sides to carry the altar

(Exo 27:7).19. Make the framework of boards (Exo 27:8).20. Make the altar according to the pattern on Sinai (Exo 27:8;

Exo 25:40; Exo 26:30; Heb 8:5).

[altar of shittim wood] The large brazen altar (Exo 38:30; Exo 39:39) is called "the altar of burnt offering" for on it were sacrificed all offerings by fire (Exo 29:13-34; Exo 30:20; Lev 1:9-17; Lev 2:1-16; Lev 3:5-16; Lev 4:1-35; Lev 5:12; Lev 6:12-15; Lev 7:5, Lev 7:31; Lev 8:32; Lev 16:25-27; Lev 17:6; Num 5:26; Num 18:17; Num 19:5).

It is also called "the altar of God" (Psa 43:4) and "the altar of the Lord" (Mal 2:13).

Priests were required to wear certain clothes while ministering around the altar (Exo 28:43), were supposed to be sober (Lev 10:1-10) and obey to the letter all that was commanded, or bear their sin (Exo 30:18-21).

All who touched the altar were considered holy (Exo 29:37). It was sanctified and anointed before use (Exo 29:36-44; Exo 30:26-28; Exo 40:10; Num 7:1-89). Perpetual fire was kept on it so that any time anyone sinned he could have immediate access to God (Lev 6:13).

2] And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass.

[horns] The horns were projections pointing upward, perhaps shaped like the horn of an ox. Sacrifices were tied to them (Psa 118:27). To take hold of one was to claim protection from God (Exo

21:14; 1Ki 1:50).

3] And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basons, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 499[fleshhooks] Fleshhooks were used to handle sacrifices on the

altar (cp. 1Sa 2:13).

[firepans] Besides other uses, the firepans were perhaps used to keep the perpetual fire going while the altar was being cleaned.

The same word is rendered snuffdishes (Exo 25:38; Exo 37:23) and censers (Lev 10:1; Lev 16:12; Num 4:14; Num 16:6).

4] And thou shalt make for it a grate of network of brass; and upon the net shalt thou make four brasen rings in the four corners thereof.

5] And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the midst of the altar.

[compass of the altar] A shelf or projection all around the altar between the top and the base.

It was the place the priests walked upon to carry on their work at the altar (cp. Lev 9:22).

There may have been a slope of earth up to this ledge on one side of the altar, in keeping with Exo 20:26 which forbade steps.

Man is unable to climb his way to the altar of sacrifice.

The Staves6] And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim

wood, and overlay them with brass.7] And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves

shall be upon the two sides of the altar, to bear it.8] Hollow with boards shalt thou make it: as it was shewed

thee in the mount, so shall they make it.[Hollow] This refers to the hollow space inside the framework of

the altar.

This made it light enough for travel (Exo 38:7).

The Hangings and Pillars

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5009] And thou shalt make the court of the tabernacle: for the

south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen of an hundred cubits long for one side:

10] And the twenty pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.

[fillets shall be of silver] Silver rods between the pillars and the brass stakes in the ground to hold up the posts and the curtains (Exo 27:10-11).

11] And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their twenty sockets of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver.

[hundred cubits long] At 18 inches per cubit, 150 ft. At 26 inches per cubit, over 200 ft.

12] And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits: their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.

[fifty cubits] This would be 75 ft.

13] And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.

14] The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.

15] And on the other side shall be hangings fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.

[fifteen cubits] This would be 22.5 ft.

The Gate for the Court16] And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of

twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 501twined linen, wrought with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their sockets four.

[gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits ...]• Entering into the court through its only door (on the East side)

there were 2 pieces of furniture made of bronze or of wood overlaid with bronze;

• Within the Holy Place were 3 pieces of furniture made of gold or of wood overlaid with gold.

• Only one item stood in the Holy of Holies;

Its value was not determined by bronze or gold but by the blood that was sprinkled on its lid, the mercy seat.

Seven Commands - the Gate and Pillars 1. Make the gate width 30 ft. (Exo 27:16).2. Make the hanging of fine linen with blue, purple, and scarlet

needlework.3. Make four pillars for the gate.4. Make four sockets (bases) for the foundations of the pillars like

those of the other fifty-six pillars of the outer court (Exo 27:17).

5. Make all sixty pillars of the outer court with silver rods (fillets): two each pillar to hold it up.

6. Make their hooks of silver.7. Make their sockets of brass.

[needlework] The gate curtain was to be embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet like the gate or curtain of the tabernacle

17] All the pillars round about the court shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall be of silver, and their sockets of brass.

[pillars round about the court]Sixty-nine Pillars of the TabernacleTwenty for the south side of court (Exo 27:9-10)Twenty for the north side (Exo 27:11)Ten for the west end (Exo 27:12)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 502Ten for the east (or gate) end (Exo 27:14-16)Four for the inner veil (Exo 26:32)Five for the outer veil (Exo 26:37)

The sixty pillars for the outer court were of uniform size but the nine pillars for the two veils were longer.

Some believe they were of various lengths so that the top of the tabernacle could be raised in the middle like a tent or house roof with gable ends.

18] The length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.

[length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits] Dimensions of the court - length: 150 ft.; width: 75 ft.; height: 7.5 ft.

[sockets] See note, Exo 27:9; also the notes at Exo 38:27.

THE COURT. The Court was a perfect oblong, twice as long as its width100 cubits by 50 cubits (about 172’ long and 86’ wide)Its perimeter wall stood 8 ½ feet high.

THE PILLARSThe court’s perimeter consisted of 60 bronze pillars set into 60

bronze sockets buried in the sand as its foundation. Each pillar was topped with a capital overlaid with silver (Ex

38:17), Each had a silver hook on which the curtains were hung. Standing apart at equal distances, there were20 pillars on both the north and south sides and 10 on both the east and the west sides.These pillars were joined to each other by silver connecting-rods called "bands" or "fillets" (A.V.) forming a frame.Each pillar was secured by one or more cords fastened to bronze tent pegs (called "pins" in the A.V.) driven into the sand.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 503On and between these 60 pillars were hung 490 feet of fine linen fabric.The gate portion was a 35 foot screen woven of blue and purple and scarlet yarn and fine linen thread. This made a complete enclosure.

THE ENTRANCE SCREENThe 35 feet of colored fabric, being in the center of the east end of the court, became the gate of entrance. The entrance screen hung from four of the pillars.

This curtain-rimmed court had several purposes:It was a barrier. It prevented unlawful approach to the sacred building, thus

preserving its sanctity.It was a protection. It kept wild animals outside the court.It was a distinct line of demarcation. It marked off the camp on the outside from the tabernacle and

courtyard on the inside.It was to create a way of approach.

Man cannot come to God anyway man thinks. There is but one way.

God has provided it, and only by that way shall we ever approach God.

God has called for a definite demarcation, a clear and distinct separation, between the Church and the world.

Man desires to break down this barrier and mix the world and the Church;

At the same time man seeks to set up very high barriers of sectarianism and denominationalism within the Church.

Man keeps attempting to reposition this barrier relocating it between himself and fellow believers, thus breaking the fellowship of saints.

The Holy Place of the tabernacle was only for the priests.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 504The Holy of Holies excluded all but the high priest.

Within the Outer Court, however, all who would, could come. priest and layman alike, those of high and low degree, the young and old, the rich and the poor.

It was the place of sacrifice, Everyone needed access to it.Without the shedding of blood there was no remission.

The court is a type in that it was a exhibition of righteousness. • The white linen of that court must have stood out in contrast to

all the hundreds of black tents pitched on every side of it.

It is a picture of Christ's righteousness in the midst of a perverse and crooked generation.• The Word of God reveals how sin has been judged and put

underfoot (bronze sockets). • It holds up at its head (silver capitals) the redemptive work of

Christ • At the same time it displays throughout the righteousness of

God (white linen).

The theme of redemption, which runs through the whole Bible, is sometimes called

"the scarlet thread of redemption," "the hallmark of safety."

Here it is seen as the silver band of redemption, extending to the full measurement of the court.

From whatever direction man seeks to approach God, the law of God both demands holiness and exhibits holiness.

Man is not holy and cannot meet its demands, The curtains say: "Not this way."

But that does not drive man away - a hopeless, helpless creature?

The law was our tutor to bring us to Christ

Gal 4:1-7 ISV

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 505(1) Now what I am saying is this: As long as an heir is a child, he

is no better off than a slave, even though he owns everything. (2) Instead, he is placed under the care of guardians and servant managers until the time set by the father. (3) It was the same way with us. While we were children, we were slaves to the basic principles of the world. (4) But when the appropriate time had come, God sent his Son, born by a woman, born under the Law, (5) in order to redeem those who were under the Law, and thus to adopt them as his children. (6) Now because you are his children, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts to cry out, "Abba! Father!“ (7) So you are no longer a slave but a child, and if you are a child, then you are also an heir because of what God did.

The Vessels19] All the vessels of the tabernacle in all the service thereof,

and all the pins thereof, and all the pins of the court, shall be of brass.

Exodus 27:19[vessels of the tabernacle] This could only refer to the vessels

of the brazen altar and its service, for the ark, the incense altar, the table of showbread and its vessels, and the candlestick and its dishes were of pure gold (Exo 25:11-13, Exo 25:17, Exo 25:24, Exo 25:26, Exo 25:29, Exo 25:31, Exo 25:36-39; Exo 37:25-28).

The rings, bars, boards, and pillars of the inner and outer veils were overlaid with gold (Exo 26:28).

The foundation bases, the rods for the posts and their hooks were silver, not brass (Exo 26:19-25; Exo 27:11).

The foundation bases of the outer court, the posts to hang the outer curtains on, the large altar of sacrifice and its vessels, and the laver were of brass (Exo 27:2-6, Exo 27:10-11, Exo 27:17-19; Exo 38:8).

[pins of the court] The pins of the tabernacle and outer court indicate that even the tabernacle walls were held by rods of silver to pins driven in the ground like tent stakes. The pins were brass which could stand being driven into the ground

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 506better than gold or silver.

20] And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn always.

[command the children of Israel ...]Four Commands - the Oil for the Light 1. Command Israel to bring pure beaten olive oil for the light (Exo

27:20).2. Cause the light to burn always.3. Put the lamp in the holy place (Exo 27:21).4. The priests shall order the light from evening to morning.

[oil olive] Beaten olive oil was made by bruising the olives in a mortar or mill without heat.

Inferior oil could be made under stronger pressure with the aid of heat. The oil used in the Tabernacle was to be hand ‘mashed’ – hand pressed.

[cause the lamp to burn always] From this and Lev 24:2, Lev 24:4 it would seem that the light burned day and night.

This does not contradict Exo 27:21 and Lev 24:3 which no doubt mean that the lamps were serviced each evening and morning.

Note: This completes the first section dealing with building the tabernacle (Exodus 25:1-27:21).

The subject is resumed with some additional details in Exo 31:1-11 and again in Exodus 35:4-38:31.

Instructions for setting up the tabernacle are given in Exo 40:1-38.

21] In the tabernacle of the congregation without the vail, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to morning before the LORD: it shall be a statute for ever unto their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 507

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 508

Exodus 28The Priesthood1] And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons

with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest’s office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s sons.

[take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother ...]Four Commands - the Choice of Priests 1. Choose Aaron, your brother.2. Choose Aaron’s sons: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar3. Set them apart from all Israel.4. Let them minister in the priest’s office,

The Priestly Garments2] And thou shalt make holy garments for Aaron thy brother

for glory and for beauty.[make holy garments for Aaron ...]Six Commands - the Priestly Garments 1. Make holy garments for Aaron.2. Pattern them for glory and beauty.3. Speak to the wise hearted whom I have filled with the Spirit

(Exo 28:3).4. Command them to make garments to consecrate Aaron that he

may minister to Me in the priest’s office.5. Make these garments (Exo 28:4):

(1)    The breastplate(2)    The ephod(3)    The robe(4)    The embroidered coat(5)    The mitre(6)    The girdle (belt)

6. Make also holy garments for the other priests so they can minister to Me in the priests’ office.

[glory and for beauty] Garments of the priests were not to be drab like mourning attire but colorful as emblems of the glory

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 509and the beauty of God whom the priests represented.

3] And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron’s garments to consecrate him, that he may minister unto me in the priest’s office.

[filled with the spirit] Proof that men were filled with the Spirit in Old Testament days and had certain spiritual gifts.

Old Testament Spiritual ExperiencesOld Testament saints had many experiences and blessings, as follows.

They were filled (Exo_28:3; Exo_31:3; Exo_35:31; Deu_34:9; Mic_3:8)

They had the Spirit in them (Gen_41:38; Num_27:18; Dan_4:8-9, Dan_4:18; Dan_5:11-14; Dan_6:3);

They had the Spirit within them (Psa_51:10-11; Isa_63:10-14; Eze_11:19);

They had the Spirit come into them (Eze_2:2; Eze_3:24; Act_3:21); and

They had the Spirit upon them (Num_11:17-29; Jdg_3:10; Jdg_6:34; Jdg_11:29; Jdg_14:6, Jdg_14:19; Jdg_15:14).

The Holy Spirit moved many (Jdg_13:25; Act_3:21; 2Pe_1:21), but none were baptized in the Spirit.

John the Baptist and others were filled with the Spirit, but not baptized (Luk_1:15-17, Luk_1:41, Luk_1:67; Luk_2:25-38).

Mary was filled about 35 years before she was baptized with the Spirit at Pentecost (Luk_1:45-56; Act_1:13-15; Act_2:1-4).

Jesus was filled about 30 years before He was baptized with the Spirit (Isa_50:4-5; Luk_2:40-52; Mat_3:16-17).

The disciples were filled and had the Spirit in them 3 years before they were baptized with the Spirit (Mat_10:1-8, Mat_10:20; Act_1:4-8; Act_2:1-4, Act_2:33).

Old Testament saints had gifts and fruit of the Spirit (1Ki_3:12; 1

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 510Kings 17:1-2 Kings 13:25; Act_3:21; Heb_11:1-40);

Old Testament saints had different measures of the Spirit (Num_11:16-25; 2Ki_2:9; Luk_1:17) but not the Spirit baptism or the Spirit "without measure" (Joh_3:34; Joh_7:37-39).

The disciples had gifts and great power years before the Spirit baptism (Mat_10:1-8, Mat_10:16-20; Mar_6:7-13; Luk_10:1-42), but were told to wait to get the Spirit baptism before starting their ministry (Luk_24:49; Joh_7:37-39; Joh_14:12; Act_1:4-8).

Old Testament saints and disciples of Christ had salvation (Psa_51:12); redemption (Psa_31:5); grace (Psa_84:11); physical healing (Exo_15:26); names written in heaven (Exo_32:32-33; Luk_10:20); the new birth (Gal_4:28-30); conversion (Psa_19:7); righteousness (Rom_4:1-25); the gospel (Gal_3:6-14; Heb_4:2); justification (Rom_4:1-25); holiness; (Act_3:21; 2Pe_1:21); pure hearts (Psa_24:4); sanctification (Exo_29:42-44; Exo_31:13; Eze_20:2; Joh_15:3); and many other spiritual blessings before Pentecost (Joh_7:37-39; Act_2:33).

One should not take any of these blessings as evidence of a Spirit baptism.

From all this we gather that the Spirit baptism is the fullness of God in the lives of believers, not the Spirit by measure as in Old Testament times (Joh_3:34; Joh_7:37-39; John 24:49; Act_10:38; Isa_61:1; Rom_15:29; Eph_3:19).

The difference between a filling and a baptism or the Spirit by measure and without measure may be illustrated by a glass and a pitcher of water.

To the extent the water is poured into the glass it is filled, but it is not baptized. The water is in it but it is not in the water.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 511By placing the glass in the pitcher of the water so it is both filled and completely immersed it is both filled and baptized.

Taking the glass out of the fullness of the water it is no longer baptized.

So it is with believers. To the extent one is filled with the Spirit he has that measure of power and can do things according to the degree of anointing he has. If he is merely filled and has the Spirit by measure he is limited in spiritual power. If he has the Spirit in all fullness there is no limitation, he can

do the works of Christ and the apostles (Mat_17:20; Mat_21:22; Mar_9:23; Mar_11:22-24; Mar_16:17-18; Joh_14:12; Act_2:43; Act_3:6; Act_5:16; Rom_15:18-19, Rom_15:29).

A filling always comes with a baptism, but a baptism does not always come with a filling.

At Pentecost they were both filled and baptized (Act_1:4-8; Act_2:4), and many fillings kept coming to them to replenish the Spirit and power they had received (Act_4:8, Act_4:31; Act_13:52).

One must continue to live and walk in the Spirit and be filled with all the fullness of God in order to maintain that baptismal fullness (Eph_3:16-20; Eph_5:18; Gal_5:16-26).

[wisdom] God enabled some men in a special way to make certain parts of the tabernacle, the garments, and the equipment of typical worship of God.

Tradesmen Needed to Build the Tabernacle1. Weavers2. Molders3. Metal smiths4. Jewelers5. Embroiderers6. Carpenters7. Woodsmen8. Designers9. Seamstresses10. Engravers

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 512

4] And these are the garments which they shall make; a breastplate, and an ephod, and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: and they shall make holy garments for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, that he may minister unto me in the priest’s office.

Make these garments : (1)    The breastplate(2)    The ephod(3)    The robe(4)    The embroidered coat(5)    The mitre(6)    The girdle (belt)

5] And they shall take gold, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen.

The gold was made into fine wire which could be woven with the threads of blue, purple, scarlet, and white to make pomegranate patterns on the hemline of the ephod (Exo 28:5-6, Exo 28:8, Exo 28:33-35, Exo 28:39; Exo 39:22-26).

The Ephod6] And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of

purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work.

Fifteen Commands - the Ephod 1. Make an ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine linen

(Exo 28:5).2. Make it with cunning (skillfully woven) work (Exo 26:1, Exo

26:31; Exo 28:6, Exo 28:15; Exo 31:4).3. Make two shoulder pieces joined to the two edges of the

shoulders (Exo 28:7).4. Make the curious girdle (belt) for the ephod of like material

(Exo 28:8).5. Put the girdle (belt) upon the ephod.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5136. Select two onyx stones (Exo 28:9).7. Engrave the names of the tribes of Israel on them.8. Put six names of the twelve tribes on one, and six on the other

according to birth (Exo 28:10-11).9. Set the two stones in ouches (settings) of gold (Exo 28:11).10. Put the two stones on the shoulders of ephod for a memorial

to Israel (Exo 28:12).11. Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord for a memorial.12. Make two ouches of gold (Exo 28:13).13. Make two chains of pure gold at the ends of the settings (Exo

28:14, Exo 28:17).14. Make them of wreathen work (Exo 28:14).15. Fasten the chains to the settings.

Ephods were also used in idolatrous worship, being imitations of the true ephod of Jehovah’s worship (Jdg 8:27; Jdg 17:5; Jdg 18:14-20).

David was girded with a linen ephod when he brought the ark to Jerusalem and danced before it (2Sa 6:14).

The Ephod’ephowd (H646), shoulderpiece; vestment.

priestly garment worn by the high priestshoulder-cape or mantle, outer garment

woven of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and linen threads provided with shoulder-pieces and a breast piece of like material, ornamented with gems and gold

Ordinary priests wore ephods made of white materials

It was a garment worn over the shoulders, hanging down both front and back to the hips, held together at the shoulders by the two shoulderpieces (Exo 28:7, Exo 28:12, Exo 28:25).

It was the special garment of the high priest only, to which the breastplate of judgment was attached (Exo 28:15, Exo 28:25-28). Below the arms and above the hips the two pieces were kept in place by the curious girdle (Exo 28:8).

On the two shoulderpieces were two onyx stones with the names

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 514of the twelve tribes engraved on them (Exo 28:9-11).

The stones were set in gold encasements and fastened to the shoulderpieces (Exo 28:11).

The breastplate was put on over the ephod. It had twelve stones on which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. It was fastened to the shoulderpieces of the ephod by gold chains (Exo 28:14, Exo 28:25).

[cunning work] chashab (H2803), "plait; weave; fabricate" (Exo 26:1, Exo 26:31; Exo 28:6, Exo 28:15; Exo 35:35; Exo 36:35; Exo 38:23; Exo 39:3, Exo 39:8).

"Cunning" in Exo 31:4; Exo 35:33, Exo 35:35 (second use), is machashebeth (H4284), "plan; plot; machine; device; make curious work."

This latter word (and its root, chesheb (H2805)) is also translated curious (Exo 28:8, Exo 28:27-28; Exo 29:5; Exo 35:32; Exo 39:5, Exo 39:20, Exo 39:21; Lev 8:7) and deals with working in metal and precious stones, while the other deals with weaving and embroidery.

7] It shall have the two shoulder pieces thereof joined at the two edges thereof; and so it shall be joined together.

8] And the curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

[curious girdle of the ephod] The curious girdle held the front and back of the ephod together above the hips and below the breastplate.

9] And thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel:

10] Six of their names on one stone, and the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 51511] With the work of an engraver in stone, like the

engravings of a signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel: thou shalt make them to be set in ouches of gold.

12] And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

[Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial] Aaron carried the responsibility of all Israel on his shoulders before God.

If he failed in his duty the whole nation would perish, for he alone made atonement for all their sins once a year (Lev 16:1-34).

Speaking of Jesus, Isaiah relates:Isa_9:6  For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given:

and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

13] And thou shalt make ouches of gold;[make ouches of gold] Settings for jewels (Exo 28:17).

14] And two chains of pure gold at the ends; of wreathen work shalt thou make them, and fasten the wreathen chains to the ouches.

15] And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.

[make the breastplate of judgment ...][breastplate of judgment] The breastplate, like the ephod and

girdle, was made with threads of gold, blue, purple, scarlet and white (Exo 28:5-6, Exo 28:8, Exo 28:15).

It was called the breastplate of judgment because Aaron (and

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 516subsequent High Priests) wore is representing the entire nation of Israel and it’s peoples in life-or-death matters before the Lord when he wore it (Exo 28:29-30).

It was made double and foursquare with settings of precious stones (four rows of three settings each) having the names of the twelve tribes of Israel engraved on them (Exo 28:16-21).

The breastplate was permanently fastened to the ephod (Exo 28:22-29).

Nineteen Commands - the Breastplate 1. Make a breastplate of judgment.2. Make it of cunning work like the ephod, with threads of gold,

blue, purple, scarlet, and white (Exo 28:15; cp. Exo 28:6, Exo 28:8).

3. Make it a span square (the measurement of an expanded hand - 9 or 10 inches) and of double material (Exo 28:16).

4. Make twelve settings for precious stones, three in each of four rows (Exo 28:17).5. Put sardius, topaz, and carbuncle stones in the top or first

row.6. Put emerald, sapphire, and diamond stones in the second

row (Exo 28:18).7. Put ligure, agate, and amethyst stones in the third row

(Exo 28:19).8. Put beryl, onyx, and jasper stones in the fourth or bottom

row (Exo 28:20).9. Make settings and enclosings of the stones of gold.10. Engrave the names of the twelve tribes of Israel on the twelve

stones (Exo 28:21).11. Make two gold chains for the (upper) ends of the breastplate

(Exo 28:14, Exo 28:22).12. Make two rings of gold and put them in the two corners (Exo

28:23).13. Put the two entwined chains of gold in the two rings at the two

upper corners of the breastplate (Exo 28:24).14. Put the other two ends of the two chains in the two settings of

the two shoulderpieces (Exo 28:25).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 51715. Put the two settings on the two shoulderpieces of the ephod.16. Make two other rings of gold and put them on the two ends of

the breastplate in the border of the double fold, underneath, next to the ephod (Exo 28:26).

17. Make two other gold rings for the two sides of the ephod (Exo 28:27).

18. Bind the breastplate and the ephod together with lacing of blue through the rings above the girdle (Exo 28:28).

19. Aaron shall bear the names of the twelve tribes of Israel in the breastplate upon his heart continually, as a memorial when he goes into the holy place (Exo 28:29).

The BreastplateThe Breastplate of the High Priest basically consisted of precious stones (4 rows of 3 each).

The onyx is first mentioned in Gen 2:12; what is interesting about these stones is that there are 12 of them.

These 12 stones relate to the 12 tribes (as the text states), if not an even more symbolic meaning. Ex 28:15-21; Rev 21:19-21.

In Scripture lists the order of the things listed can be important:The genealogy in Gen 5 hides the gospel message in the meaning of the names listed.The order of the names of the tribes and the inclusion or exclusion of some from certain listings carries an message.Whether the order of a list is being viewed from our perspective or God’s viewpoint can carry a meaning.Whether the listed items are before or after the cross and Jesus resurrection can reverse the order – are we looking toward our redemption or are we looking back to it as a past reality.

In Revelation, sardius and jasper are mentioned but backwards; perhaps due to the fact that these passages are on opposite sides of the cross.

Rev 21:18-21 NKJV The construction of its wall was of jasper; and the city was pure gold, like clear glass. 19 The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with all kinds of precious stones: the first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 518fourth emerald, 20 the fifth sardonyx, the sixth sardius, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst. 21 The twelve gates were twelve pearls: each individual gate was of one pearl. And the street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.

These 12 stones seem to match the 12 stones in the New Jerusalem, however they do not quite match up due to the translations.

The words in Hebrew were at the discretion of the translator, and the words from the Revelation passage are in Greek and also have some ambiguity as to which precious stones the words were meant to imply.

The field of semi-precious stones throughout the centuries has had many different words for the various gems.

Ezekiel 28:11-14, where God is talking to Lucifier, 9 stones are listed, (fire and light are almost synonyms).

One suggestion is that precious stones would be the easiest way to try to describe light, clothed with light.

16] Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.

[doubled] This made the pocket for the Urim and Thummim (Exo 28:16, Exo 28:30).

[span] A span is how far the expanded hand can reach - about 9 or 10 inches. A hand breadth is the width of a hand held with the fingers closed against one another – about 3 - 4½ inches

17] And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.

18] And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

19] And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 51920] And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper:

they shall be set in gold in their inclosings.21] And the stones shall be with the names of the children of

Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve tribes.

Today we consider a birthstone to represent the month of our birth (likely a connection to the Zodiac / Mazzaroth) here the precious stones represented the tribe into which a person was born.

The Order of Stones and the Names of Tribes The First Row (Exo 28:17):

1. Sardius - Reuben (Gen 29:32). A beautiful gem of blood red color.

2. Topaz - Simeon (Gen 29:33). A pale green stone with mixture of yellow.

3. Carbuncle - Levi (Gen 29:34). A gem of deep red color with a mixture of scarlet.

The Second Row (Exo 28:18):4. Emerald - Judah (Gen 29:35). A bright green color without

any other mixture.5. Sapphire - Dan (Gen 30:6). A gem of clear blue color and

next in hardness to the diamond.6. Diamond - Naphtali (Gen 30:8). A clear, sparkling gem of

great value. The Third Row (Exo 28:19):

7. Ligure - Gad (Gen 30:11). The same as the jacinth stone of dull red or cinnamon color with a mixture of yellow.

8. Agate - Asher (Gen 30:13). A white, reddish, yellowish, and greenish stone of the flint family and the cheapest of all precious stones.

9. Amethyst - Issachar (Gen 30:18). A gem with deep red and strong blue colors which give it a purple hue.

The Fourth Row (Exo 28:20):10. Beryl - Zebulan (Gen 30:20). A stone of bluish green

color. Some think the chrysolite is meant here. If so, it

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 520would be a gem of yellowish green color.

11. Onyx - Joseph (Gen 30:24). A stone of various colors - one consisting of layers of different colors.

12. Jasper - Benjamin (Gen 35:16-19). A gem of bright green color, sometimes clouded with white and spotted with red and yellow. Mineralogists list fifteen varieties of jasper - green, red, yellow, brown, violet, black, bluish gray, milky white, and combinations of colors.

22] And thou shalt make upon the breastplate chains at the ends of wreathen work of pure gold.

23] And thou shalt make upon the breastplate two rings of gold, and shalt put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.

24] And thou shalt put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings which are on the ends of the breastplate.

25] And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains thou shalt fasten in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it.

[wreathen] ‛aboth (H5688), something entwined; rope; chain (Exo 28:14, Exo 28:22-25; Exo 39:15-18; 2Ki 25:17; cp. 1Ki 7:17; 2Ch 4:12-13).

26] And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which is in the side of the ephod inward.

27] And two other rings of gold thou shalt make, and shalt put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart thereof, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod.

[curious girdle of the ephod] The curious girdle held the front and back of the ephod together above the hips and below the breastplate.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 52128] And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof

unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.

[rings] Four rings in the four corners of the breastplate underneath and two rings on the ephod tied the breastplate to it with ribbons of blue, making it a permanent fixture.

29] And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto the holy place, for a memorial before the LORD continually.

Aaron or any High Priest that followed after his death could only enter the Holy Place once every year on the Day of Attonment.

He would only enter the Holy Place wearing the High Priestly garments representing the peoples of God – Israel.

Heb 9:22-28 NKJV And according to the law almost all things are purified with blood, and without shedding of blood there is no remission. 23 Therefore it was necessary that the copies of the things in the heavens should be purified with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ has not entered the holy places made with hands, which are copies of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us; 25 not that He should offer Himself often, as the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood of another— 26 He then would have had to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now, once at the end of the ages, He has appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. 27 And as it is appointed for men to die once, but after this the judgment, 28 so Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many. To those who eagerly wait for Him He will appear a second time, apart from sin, for salvation.

30] And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 522bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.

[put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and Thummim ...]Three commands - Urim and Thummim: 1. Put the Urim and Thummim in the pocket of the breastplate.2. The Urim and Thummim shall be on Aaron’s heart when he

ministers before the Lord in the tabernacle.3. Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel on his

heart before the Lord continually.

[bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually]

The means of judicial decisions were the Urim and Thummim which were to be present always on Aaron’s heart in the pouch of the breastplate.

[Urim and Thummim]Deut 29:29; Ps 19:13. Dig to discover the mystery of Urim and Thummim.

These things seem to have been some method of casting lots.

The High Priest seemed to use these items in a procedure to break a tie or cause a decision as from the Lord.

We are not sure exactly what form this procedure took.

The words are plural in the Hebrew, however, this might be a sort of majestic plural.

“Urim” = lights or fire. “Thummim” = perfection.

What might be more closer to the significance of these: “manifestations” and “truth.”

The words are translated various ways in different versions as: Lights and Perfections, Light and Truth, Manifestation and Truth, and the sacred lots.

We can put Jesus in the center of this idea:

Who is our Light? Our manifestation of the truth? Who is the perfect judge?

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 523Who is the one who should be our guide?... We are indwelt and led by the Holy Spirit.

Mentioned 7x in Scripture: Ex 28:30; Lev 8:8; Ez 2:63; Neh 7:65; Deut 33:8 (opposite order);

The word uwriym is used twice by itself (Nu 27:21 (Urim alone); 1 Sam 28:6 (Urim alone).The two words are used together only five times in Scripture

(Exo 28:30; Lev 8:8; Deu 33:8; Ezr 2:63; Neh 7:65).

Urim ’uwriym (H224) (plural of ’uwr (H217): light; flame; fire) is from the root ’owr (H215), to be or make luminous; break of day; give or show light; be enlightened; shine; set on fire.

’Uwriym (H224) literally means lights.

Thummim Tummiym (H8550) (plural of tom (H8537): completeness; innocence; integrity; uprightness) is from the root word tamam (H8552), to complete in a good or bad sense; be perfect.

Tummiym (H8550) literally means perfections or complete truth.

Ten Facts about the Urim and Thummim:1. No command was given by God for Moses to make them; he

was only told to put them in the pocket or pouch of judgment (Exo 28:16, Exo 28:30).

2. Moses put them in the pouch of judgment when Aaron was first clothed, so they were already made (Lev 8:8).

Many scholars think that these were two stones of different colors in a little bag which was kept in the breastplate.

3. They may have been precious stones which were drawn from the bag or pocket of judgment to give God’s judgment or message.

Some claim that one had "yes" and the other "no" so the high priest would get a direct answer.

Pro_16:33 The lot is cast into the lap, But its every decision is from the LORD.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 524This procedure might be culturally equivalent to tossing a coin (heads/tails) to fairly decide some arbitrary decision for which there was no law to guide.

4. Who made them (God or Moses) or whether they were used before this time is not stated.

No where is there any evidence that these were made by Israel, they are just put in the breastplate.

5. Urim is used of the high priest giving counsel from God to Joshua (Num 27:18-23).

6. Levi was advised to have the Urim and Thummim always with the high priest for use in a crisis (Deu 33:8).

7. The Urim and Thummim were mentioned after the captivity to Babylon (Ezr 2:63; Neh 7:65).

8. They were something material, separate from the breastplate pouch and the stones in the breastplate (Exo 28:30).

9. Obtaining an answer through Urim and Thummim is spoken of as "casting lots" (Lev 16:8; Jos 18:6-10; 1Sa 14:42; 1Ch 24:31; 1Ch 25:8; 1Ch 26:13-14). Such phrases as "came up" (Jos 18:11; Jos 19:10), "came forth" (Jos 18:11; Jos 19:1), and "came out" (Jos 19:24, Jos 19:32, Jos 19:40; Jos 21:4) are used in connection with casting lots, meaning the lot or answer came out of the pouch of decision, or pocket of the breastplate of judgment. Pro 16:33 "The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing

thereof is of he Lord." Meaning the matter was settled by the Urim and Thummim.

Pro 18:18, "The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the mighty."

There was complete satisfaction regarding decisions of the Urim and Thummim. The Hebrew for lot in all these passages is gowral (H1486), a stone, a pebble, or lot because of the small stones being used for casting lots.

It is used 77 times. Regardless of how the decision was made it was always considered the will of God. Not only was a simple yes or no given, but sometimes whole messages were spoken by the priests who were used by God

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 525in the same way as the prophets of old.

The high priest simply took the place of Moses and continued as the mediator between God and man, receiving messages from Him before the ark of the covenant.

10. They were the means of obtaining an answer from God regarding any problem which concerned Israel:(1)    Joshua was guided by them in leading Israel into Canaan

(Num 27:18-24).(2)    He used them in the case of Achan (Jos 7:14-18), but

not in the case of Gibeon (Jos 9:1-27).(3)    They were used in dividing the land to the tribes (Num

34:17; Jos 17:4). After being divided by a special commission, simple directions were given by God regarding who should inherit certain portions (Jos 18:4-10). Each allocated section was ever afterward referred to as “ their lot” (Num 26:55-56; Num 33:54; Num 34:13; Num 36:2-3; Jos 13:6; Num 14:2; Num 15:1; Num 16:1; Num 17:1-2,14-17; Num 18:11, Num 18:18; Num 19:1, Num 19:10, Num 19:17,24,32,40,51; Num 21:4-10, Num 21:20,40; Jdg 1:3; Jdg 20:9)

(4)    They were used to choose certain cities for the Levites (1Ch 6:54, 1Ch 6:61-65)

(5)    The order of the priesthood was settled by them (1Ch 24:5-7; 1Ch 26:9)

(6)    Israel used them to inquire of the Lord after Joshua (Jdg 1:1-2; Jdg 20:18, Jdg 20:26-28)

Remember the people had asked that God not speak to them directly when the nation was encamped at the foot of Mt. Sinai. With Moses, Aaron and Joshua gone God used this as one method (in addition to the prophets after David) of communicating the judgements of His will to the people.

(7)    Saul was chosen through them (1Sa 10:20-22)(8)    Saul inquired of God through them in war, and received

an answer (1Sa 14:36-46)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 526God refused to answer him this way after he sinned (1Sa

28:6)(9)    David inquired of God this way and got answers (1Sa

22:10-15; 1Sa 30:8; 2Sa 2:1; 2Sa 5:19, 2Sa 5:23-25; 1Ch 14:10, 1Ch 14:14-17)On one occasion he was afraid to inquire of God (1Ch

21:30)There is no record of inquiring of God in this fashion after the days of David, although after the Babylonian captivity the question of who had the priestly right to use the Urim and Thummim was discussed (Ezr 2:63; Neh 7:65).

Priests were so corrupt in the days of Samuel (1Sa 2:12-17) that God began to raise up prophets to take their place in speaking to men.

From Samuel’s time on, prophets were used more than priests (1Sa 9:9; 1Ki 22:5-8; 2Ki 3:11; 2Ki 8:8; etc.).

The Robe31] And thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue.[make the robe of the ephod all of blue ...]H4598 מעיל me‛ıyl robe

a garment worn over a tunic by men of rank; a garment of the high priest

a long garment worn by David’s daughters

32] And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent.

33] And beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about:

34] A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, upon the hem of the robe round about.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 52735] And it shall be upon Aaron to minister: and his sound

shall be heard when he goeth in unto the holy place before the LORD, and when he cometh out, that he die not.

Seven commands - the robe of the ephod: 1. Make the robe of the ephod of blue linen cloth (Exo 28:31).2. Make a hole in the middle of the cloth to slip over the head

(Exo 28:32).3. Weave the neck with binding so it won’t be easily torn.4. Make pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet all around the

hem of the robe (Exo 28:33).5. Make bells of gold alternating between the pomegranates (Exo

28:33-34).6. Put the robe on Aaron when he goes into the tabernacle to

minister (Exo 28:35).7. Make the bells to ring, so he can be heard when he goes in

and comes out. According to the Septuagint, the robe reached to the feet.

The Plate36] And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon

it, like the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD.

[make a plate of pure gold ...]H6731 צץ / ציץ tsıyts / tsits

flower, bloom, shining thing, a name plate or badge(of gold plate on high priest’s mitre (metaphorically)

Five Commands - the Holy Crown 1. Make a plate of pure gold (Exo 28:36).2. Engrave on it "HOLINESS TO THE LORD."3. Put it on a lace of blue (Exo 28:37).4. Put it on the front of the mitre on Aaron’s head (Exo 28:37-38).5. Keep it always on the forehead to be accepted before the Lord

(Exo 28:38).

[HOLINESS] qodesh (H6944).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 528Translated:

"sanctuary" 68 times (Exo 30:13, Exo 30:24; Exo 36:1-6); "consecrated" (Jos 6:19; 2Ch 29:33); "dedicated" 12 times (1Ki 7:51; 1Ki 15:15); "hallowed" 9 times (Lev 12:4; Lev 19:8); "holy" 304 times (Exo 3:5; Exo 12:16); and"holiness" 30 times.

"HOLINESS TO THE LORD" was to be worn on the high priest’s forehead (Exo 28:36; Exo 39:30).

All Israel was holiness to the Lord (Jer 2:2-3). All Israel was set apart for God, by God, for His use

Three Facts about God God is glorious in holiness: expressing His essential nature and

divine perfection. God is fearful in praises: referring to the reverential fear angels

and men have of God. God is doing wonders: God is eternally doing wonders in

creation, redemption, and providence.

37] And thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be.

[mitre] mitsnepheth (H4701), "tiara; mitre; diadem; official turban" of a king or high priest (Exo 28:4, Exo 28:37-39; Exo 29:6; Exo 39:28, Exo 39:31; Lev 8:9; Lev 16:4; Zec 3:5).

It was to be made of fine linen (Exo 28:39).

38] And it shall be upon Aaron’s forehead, that Aaron may bear the iniquity of the holy things, which the children of Israel shall hallow in all their holy gifts; and it shall be always upon his forehead, that they may be accepted before the LORD.

[bear the iniquity of the holy things] This applies either to the one who suffered the penalty for his own sin (Exo 28:43; Lev 5:1, Lev 5:17; Lev 17:16; Lev 26:41), or to the one who bore the sins of others (Lev 10:17; Lev 16:22; Isa 53:4-6; Mat 8:17; 1Pe 2:24).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 529The high priest was the atoning mediator between God and Israel, and consecrated the holy gifts that they might be accepted by the Lord (Exo 28:38, Exo 28:43).

The Coats39] And thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen, and thou

shalt make the mitre of fine linen, and thou shalt make the girdle of needlework.

[thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen ...]Ten Commands - the Garments for the Priests 1. Embroider Aaron’s coat of fine linen.2. Make his mitre of fine linen.3. Make his girdle (belt) of needlework.4. Make coats, girdles (belts), and bonnets for all priests (Exo

28:40).5. Make them for glory and beauty.6. Put them on Aaron and his sons (Exo 28:41).7. Anoint, consecrate, and sanctify them as ministers unto Me.8. Make them linen breeches reaching from the lions to the thighs

to cover their nakedness (Exo 28:42).9. Put them upon Aaron and sons when they minister in the

tabernacle (Exo 28:43).10. This shall be a law for them and their successors.

[embroider] shabats (H7660), to interweave threads into squares.

The Berkeley Version says, "Weave the tunic of checkered fine linen ... also a sash of embroidered workmanship."

[coat] This was a long tunic or cassock. Josephus says it was worn next to the skin;

It reached the feet and had close fitting sleeves.

[girdle] It was of needlework of various kinds. Josephus says it was wound several times around the body;

The end, which hung to the feet, was thrown over the shoulders when the priest was at work.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 53040] And for Aaron’s sons thou shalt make coats, and thou

shalt make for them girdles, and bonnets shalt thou make for them, for glory and for beauty.

[for glory and for beauty] Garments of the priests were not to be drab like mourning attire but colorful as emblems of the glory and the beauty of God whom the priests represented.

41] And thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him; and shalt anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify them, that they may minister unto me in the priest’s office.

[anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify them] Lev 8:1-36 describes the anointing, consecration, and

sanctification of priests.

42] And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach:

[breeches] Knee length pant-like undergarments that hid the priests’ nakedness.

This was in contrast to heathen priests who often ministered naked, as in the sacrifices of Bacchus, the Roman god of wine (cp. Exo 20:26).

43] And they shall be upon Aaron, and upon his sons, when they come in unto the tabernacle of the congregation, or when they come near unto the altar to minister in the holy place; that they bear not iniquity, and die: it shall be a statute for ever unto him and his seed after him.

[die] The penalty for ministering before God naked or uncovered was death (Exo 28:42-43; Exo 20:26).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 531

Exodus 29The PriesthoodImportant to recognize that all believers are Priests (Rev 1:6; 1 Pet 2:5, 9; Heb 10:22; 13:10; 13:15...)

Zech 3 (exchange of garments - vs Isa 64:6).

Anointing of Priesthood1] And this is the thing that thou shalt do unto them to

hallow them, to minister unto me in the priest’s office: Take one young bullock, and two rams without blemish,

[this is the thing that thou shalt do unto them to hallow them]Four Commands - Consecration Offerings 1. This you shall do to sanctify the priests: take one young bullock

and two rams without blemish.2. Take unleavened bread, unleavened cakes tempered with oil,

and unleavened wafers anointed with oil (Exo 29:2).3. Make them of wheat flour.4. Put all of them in a basket, and bring them with the bullock and

two rams to the tabernacle (Exo 29:3).

2] And unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened tempered with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil: of wheaten flour shalt thou make them.

3] And thou shalt put them into one basket, and bring them in the basket, with the bullock and the two rams.

4] And Aaron and his sons thou shalt bring unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shalt wash them with water.

[bring unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shalt wash them with water]

Two commands - cleansing of priests: 1. Bring Aaron and his sons to the door of the tabernacle.2. Wash them with water.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 532

5] And thou shalt take the garments, and put upon Aaron the coat, and the robe of the ephod, and the ephod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the curious girdle of the ephod:

[take the garments, and put upon Aaron the coat ...] Five commands - sanctifying high priest: 1. Take (or bring) the garments.2. Put the coat, robe of the ephod, the ephod, and breastplate on

him.3. Gird him with the curious girdle (belt).4. Put the mitre upon his head and the holy crown upon the mitre

(Exo 29:6).5. Take the anointing oil and pour it on his head to anoint him

(Exo 29:7).

6] And thou shalt put the mitre upon his head, and put the holy crown upon the mitre.

7] Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his head, and anoint him.

[anoint] mashach (H4886), to rub or anoint with oil; consecrate.

Twenty-two Examples of Anointing1. Aaron to be high priest (Exo 28:41; Exo 29:7; Exo 30:30; Exo

40:13; Psa 133:2)2. Aaron’s sons to be priests (Exo 28:41; Exo 29:29; Exo 30:30;

Exo 40:15)3. Wafers (Exo 29:2; Lev 2:4; Num 6:15)4. Cakes (Lev 7:12)5. The brazen altar (Exo 29:36; Exo 40:10; Lev 8:11; Num 7:1)6. The tabernacle (Exo 30:26; Exo 40:9; Lev 8:10; Num 7:1)7. The laver of brass (Exo 40:11)8. Vessels of tabernacle (Num 7:1)9. The Messiah (1Sa 2:10, 1Sa 2:35; Psa 2:2; Psa 45:7; Isa

61:1; Luk 4:18; Act 10:38)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 53310. Saul (1Sa 9:16; 1Sa 10:1; 1Sa 15:1)11. David (1Sa 16:3-13; 2Sa 2:4; 2Sa 5:3)12. Absalom (2Sa 19:10)13. Solomon (1Ki 1:34-45; 1Ki 5:1)14. Hazael (1Ki 19:15)15. Elisha (1Ki 19:16)16. Jehu (2Ki 9:3-6, 2Ki 9:12; 2Ch 22:7)17. Joash (2Ki 11:2, 2Ki 11:12; 2Ch 23:11)18. Jehoahaz (2Ki 23:30)19. Cyrus (Isa 45:1)20. Lucifer (Eze 28:14)21. Enoch and Elijah (Zec 4:14)22. Paul (2Co 1:21)

8] And thou shalt bring his sons, and put coats upon them.Six commands - sanctifying priests: 1. Bring forth Aaron’s sons (Exo 29:8).2. Put coats upon them.3. Gird them with girdles (belts).4. Put bonnets upon Aaron and sons (Exo 29:9).5. Give them the priest’s office for a perpetual statute.6. Consecrate Aaron and his sons.

9] And thou shalt gird them with girdles, Aaron and his sons, and put the bonnets on them: and the priest’s office shall be theirs for a perpetual statute: and thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons.

[perpetual statute]Perpetual Things1. Passover (Exo 12:14, Exo 12:24)3. Eternal light (Exo 27:21; Lev 24:3)4. Nakedness of priests covered (Exo 28:43)5. Priesthood (Exo 29:9; Exo 40:15)6. Heave offerings (Exo 29:28; Lev 10:15; Num 18:8, Num

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 53418:11, Num 18:19)

7. Sacrifices (Exo 29:42)8. Incense burning (Exo 30:9)9. Atonement on altar (Exo 30:10)10. Washing of body before ministering (Exo 30:21)11. Holy oil (Exo 30:31)12. Sabbaths a sign of everlasting covenant between God and

Israel (Exo 31:16-17)13. No fat or blood to be eaten (Lev 3:17)14. Fire on altar (Lev 6:13)15. Meat offerings (Lev 6:18-20)16. Priest’s own offerings (Lev 6:22)17. Portions of priests (Lev 7:34-36)18. No wine or strong drink while ministering before God (Lev

10:9)19. Day of atonement (Lev 16:29-34)20. No worship of devils (Lev 17:7)21. Firstfruits to God (Lev 23:14)22. Observing of Pentecost (Lev 23:21)23. Feast of tabernacles (Lev 23:41)24. Showbread (Lev 24:6-9)25. Levite possessions (Lev 25:34)26. Feast of trumpets (Num 10:8)27. One law for Israel and strangers in Israel (Num 15:15)28. Covenant of salt (Num 18:19)29. Levites only to serve in tabernacle (Num 18:23; Deu 18:5)30. Laws of red heifer (Num 19:10)31. Washing of clothes after service (Num 19:21)32. Priesthood to Phinehas (Num 25:13)33. Commandments (Deu 7:9; Deu 29:29)

If Israel had obeyed the law God would have been obligated to continue it forever; but since they broke it He was free to make a new covenant.

He plans to retain only part of the law of Moses with future eternal generations, when Israel comes to obedience.

Eze 40-48; Zec 14:16-21.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 53510] And thou shalt cause a bullock to be brought before the

tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the bullock.

[cause a bullock to be brought before the tabernacle ...] Seven commands - sin offering: 1. Bring a bullock before the tabernacle.2. Have Aaron and sons put their hands on its head.3. Kill the bullock before the Lord by the door of the tabernacle

(Exo 29:11).4. Take its blood and put it on the horns of the altar with a finger

(Exo 29:12).5. Pour out the rest of the blood beside the bottom of the altar.6. Take all the fat, the caul above the liver, the two kidneys, and

the fat upon them, and burn upon the altar (Exo 29:13).7. Take the flesh, skin, and dung, and burn them outside the

camp (Exo 29:14).

[put their hands upon the head of the bullock] Putting hands on the bullock signified imparting sins on the sin offering which was then killed to make atonement. A clear example of the great doctrine of substitution (Heb 2:9-18; 1Pe 2:24).

11] And thou shalt kill the bullock before the LORD, by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.

12] And thou shalt take of the blood of the bullock, and put it upon the horns of the altar with thy finger, and pour all the blood beside the bottom of the altar.

13] And thou shalt take all the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul that is above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and burn them upon the altar.

Seven Things For Aaron and His Sons1) Taken (Exo 28:1) - we are chosen, Rom 8:29.2) Brought to door (Exo 29:4 ) - 1 Pet 3:18.3) Washed (Exo 29:4) - John 3:5; Tit 3:5; Eph 5:26.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5364) Clothed (Exo 29:4-9) - Put on Christ, Gal 3:27.5) Anointed (Exo 29:21) - 2 Cor 1:21; 1 Jo 2:27;

Gift of Spirit. Oil a symbol of Spirit.6) Hands were filled (Exo 29:24) - Hands filled, 1 John 1:1-3.7) Sanctified (Exo 44) - Rom 6:13, 22.

In every case, they did not do anything, it was done to them; they are passive participants.

They are being ministered unto. This is a lesson for us... Moses as a type of Christ, he does all the work here.

A few things they did do: they did lay their hands on the bullock (sin offering), the ram (burnt offering) and ram of consecration, and they did eat of the shewbread.

The symbolism of laying their hands on the bullock and ram was a way of identifying and transferring themselves and their sin onto the sacrifice, consecrating themselves to God and of receiving his sustainance.

Sin Offering14] But the flesh of the bullock, and his skin, and his dung,

shalt thou burn with fire without the camp: it is a sin offering.

[without the camp] The flesh of the sin offering was destroyed outside the camp, as a type of Christ paying the penalty for sin outside the camp (Heb 13:11-13).

A sin offering was required by the law (Lev 8 goes into detail).

See Henry Soltau in bibliography for a good study reference.

Burnt Offering15] Thou shalt also take one ram; and Aaron and his sons

shall put their hands upon the head of the ram.[take one ram; and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the ram]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 537Six Commands - Peace Offering 1. Take one ram and have Aaron and sons put their hands upon

its head (Exo 29:15).2. Slay the ram, take the blood, and sprinkle it round about the

altar (Exo 29:16).3. Cut the ram in pieces (Exo 29:17).4. Wash its inwards and its legs.5. Put the pieces in place again.6. Burn the whole ram upon the altar as a burnt sweet savor

offering made by fire unto the Lord (Exo 29:18).

16] And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou shalt take his blood, and sprinkle it round about upon the altar.

17] And thou shalt cut the ram in pieces, and wash the inwards of him, and his legs, and put them unto his pieces, and unto his head.

18] And thou shalt burn the whole ram upon the altar: it is a burnt offering unto the LORD: it is a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

A burnt offering is a voluntary offering. It is the highest of the hierarchy of offerings. The brazen altar takes its name from the burnt offering. (It is not the altar of sin offerings, even though they were offered on it probably more frequently than the burnt offerings.) It gets its name from the highest of the offerings, the burnt offering. The burnt offering is anticipated in Gen 22:2.

Ram for Consecration19] And thou shalt take the other ram; and Aaron and his

sons shall put their hands upon the head of the ram.Exodus 29:19[take the other ram; and Aaron and his sons shall put their

hands upon the head of the ram]Five Commands - Consecration Offering1. Take the other ram and have Aaron and sons put their hands

on its head.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5382. Kill the ram, take its blood, and put it on the tip of the right ear,

thumb of the right hand, and great toe of the right foot of Aaron and his sons (Exo 29:20).

3. Sprinkle the blood on the altar.

4. Take of the blood on the altar, and the anointing oil, and sprinkle these on Aaron and his sons, and on their garments (Exo 29:21).

5. Take the fat and rump, the fat of inwards, the caul above the liver, the two kidneys and the fat on them, and the right shoulder and wave all these as a wave offering (Exo 29:22-28).

20] Then shalt thou kill the ram, and take of his blood, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and upon the tip of the right ear of his sons, and upon the thumb of their right hand, and upon the great toe of their right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon the altar round about.Ear - means their hearing;Toe and foot- service and walk.

[right ear of Aaron]Ears, Hands, and Feet - The blood applied to the right ear, right

hand, and right foot signified that all the bodily members and soul and spirit faculties of priests were to be consecrated to God and His service.

They represent the hearing, working, and walking members of the body.

Priests were to hear and obey God and the law, work with their hands in performing their service, and walk in all the ways of God.

[tip of the right ear of his sons, and upon the thumb of their right hand, and upon the great toe of their right foot]Blood on the tips of ears and thumbs and toes is mentioned eight times

(Exo 29:20; Lev 8:23-24; Lev 14:14, Lev 14:17, Lev 14:25, Lev 14:28; cp. Luk 16:24).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 53921] And thou shalt take of the blood that is upon the altar,

and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it upon Aaron, and upon his garments, and upon his sons, and upon the garments of his sons with him: and he shall be hallowed, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons’ garments with him.

[blood that is upon the altar] The blood was held in brass vessels made for this purpose.

The anointing oil was kept in vessels in the court of the tabernacle.

[upon Aaron, and upon his garments, and upon his sons, and upon the garments of his sons with him] The blood and oil were sprinkled on both Aaron and his sons, and their garments. Cp. Psa 133:2.

They had to be washed before and after this ritual (Exo 30:18-21; Num 19:21).

The blood on their bodies and garments made the awfulness of sin and its penalty more vivid.

It was a visible evidence that life had been taken and God’s law vindicated.

Every sacrifice testified of the death of an innocent substitute, the sinfulness of the offerer, the surrender of the guilty to God, and deep humility and gratefulness to the victim which became the substitute.

[hallowed] qadash (H6942), translated holy 7 times (Exo 20:8; Exo 30:29; Lev 6:18, Lev 6:27; Isa 30:29; Eze 7:24; Hag 2:12);

sanctify (set apart) 64 times (Exo 13:2; Exo 19:10, Exo 19:22-23; Exo 28:41; Exo 29:27-44; Exo 30:29; Exo 31:13; Exo 40:10-13; Lev 8:11-12; Lev 11:44; Lev 20:7-8; Lev 21:8-23; Lev 22:9, Lev 22:16; Lev 27:14-26; Num 11:18; Num 20:12; Num 27:14; Deu 5:12; Deu 15:19; Jos 3:5; Jos 7:13; 1Sa 16:5; 1Ch 15:12; 1Ch 23:13; 2Ch 29:5, 2Ch 29:17, 2Ch 29:34; 2Ch 30:17; 2Ch 35:6; Neh 13:22; Isa 8:13; Isa 29:23; Isa 66:17; Eze 20:12; Eze 36:23; Eze 37:28; Eze 38:23; Eze 44:19; Eze 46:20; Joe 1:14; Joe 2:15-16);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 540sanctified (set ap art) 46 times (Gen 2:3; Exo 19:14; Exo

29:43; Lev 8:10, Lev 8:15, Lev 8:30; Lev 10:3; Lev 27:15, Lev 27:19; Num 7:1; Num 8:17; Num 20:13; Deu 32:51; 1Sa 7:1; 1Sa 16:5; 1Sa 21:5; 1Ch 15:14; 2Ch 5:11; 2Ch 7:16, 2Ch 7:20; 2Ch 29:15-19, 2Ch 29:34; 2Ch 30:3-24; 2Ch 31:18; Neh 3:1; Neh 12:47; Job 1:5; Isa 5:16; Isa 13:3; Jer 1:5; Eze 20:41; Eze 28:22, Eze 28:25; Eze 36:23; Eze 38:16; Eze 39:27; Eze 48:11);

consecrate (Exo 28:3; Exo 30:30; 2Ch 26:18; 2Ch 31:6; Ezr 3:5);

dedicate (Jdg 17:3; 2Sa 8:11; 2Ki 12:18; 1Ch 18:11; 1Ch 26:26-28; 2Ch 2:4);

purified (2Sa 11:4); hallow (Exo 28:38; Exo 29:1; Exo 40:9; Lev 16:19; Lev 22:2-

3, Lev 22:32; Lev 25:10; Num 6:11; 1Ki 8:64; Jer 17:22-27; Eze 20:20; Eze 44:24); and

hallowed (Exo 20:11; Exo 29:21; Lev 22:32; Num 3:13; Num 16:37-38; 1Ki 9:3, 1Ki 9:7; 2Ch 7:7; 2Ch 36:14).

The various ways that qadash (H6942) is used proves it means setting apart, not cleansing from sin or removal of "the old man" in one’s nature.

The Doctrine of SanctificationSanctify is the setting apart of the firstborn of both man and beast for holy uses (Exo 13:2, 12).

Beasts, who are not involved with sin, redemption, or salvation can be sanctified to God in this sense, as well as man.

Hebrew: qadash (H6942), to set apart from a profane to a sacred purpose (Exo 13:12).

Greek: hagiasmos (G38), consecration; a separation unto God FROM a profane, secular, and carnal use TO a sacred, religious, and spiritual use.

"sanctify" and "sanctified" are used 132 times; "sanctification" 5 times (New Testament only); "sanctifieth" 4 times (New Testament only)

141 times total in Scripture:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 541110 times in the Old Testament 31 times in the New Testament

A study of the various passages shows that to sanctify means to set apart from other uses to God’s particular use,

It has no reference to cleansing from sin or removal of the carnal nature (sometimes called "the old man" or Adamic nature).

Even Jesus the Christ, the Sinless One, was sanctified (Joh_10:36; Joh_17:19).

Where humans are concerned one begins to be sanctified when God choses them for a specific purpose of is own and the person begins to consecrate his life to God.

The process is continued as he continues in his dedication (1Co_1:30; 1Co_6:11; 2Th_2:13; 1Jn_1:7-9; 1Jn_3:8-10; 1Jn_5:1-4, 1Jn_5:18).

God has sanctified both people and material things, and even immaterial things.

1.  Material things have been sanctified without taking an old man out of them:(1)  Bread (1Sa_21:5)(2)  The tabernacle and its furniture (Exo 29:43-30:29;

Lev_8:10-15)(3)  Priests’ garments (Lev_8:30)(4)  Houses and lands (Lev_27:9-29)(5)  Meat (1Ti_4:3-5)(6)  Solomon’s temple and furniture (2Ch_7:16-20;

2Ch_29:17-19)(7)  Gates (Neh_3:1)(8)  Mt. Sinai (Exo_19:23)(9)  The offerings (Exo_29:27)(10)  Herod’s temple (Mat_23:17)

2.  Holy persons have been sanctified who never had an old man in them:(1)  God the Father (Lev_10:3; Num_20:13; Isa_5:16;

Eze_20:41; Eze_28:22-25; Eze_36:23; Eze_38:16; Eze_39:27; 1Pe_3:15)

(2)  Christ (Joh_10:36; Joh_17:17-19)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5423.  God’s name has been repeatedly sanctified without taking an

old man out of it (Isa_29:23; Eze_36:23).4.  Babies have been sanctified from birth before committing sin

(Jer_1:5; Luk_1:15-17; Gal_1:15) and one never did have an old man in Him (Luk_1:35; Joh_10:36).

5.  Heathen soldiers and husbands have been sanctified who never were Christians (Isa_13:3, Isa_13:17; 1Co_7:14).

6.  Believers sanctify God and never take an old man out of Him (1Pe_3:15).

7.  Christ sanctified Himself though He never had an old man in Him (Joh_17:19).

8.  The same people were sanctified many times so sanctification cannot be limited to one act (Exo_19:14, Exo_19:22; Exo_28:41; Exo_29:33, Exo_29:44; Exo_30:29; Lev_8:30).

9.  People have sanctified themselves (Lev_11:44; Lev_20:7). Did they take an old man out of themselves?

10.  The same people that sanctified themselves (Lev_11:44; Lev_20:7) were also sanctified by Moses (Exo_19:10-14) and by God (Exo_29:43-44; Exo_31:13; Lev_20:8; Lev_21:8, Lev_21:15, Lev_21:23; Lev_22:9, Lev_22:16).

Which ones took the old man out?11.  All the firstborn of Israel were sanctified at birth (Exo_13:2;

Num_8:17). If the old man was taken out at this time, then none of them had an old man after that.

12.  Sanctified disciples (Joh_13:10; Joh_15:3) were further sanctified in the same sense that the sanctified Christ (Joh_10:36) further sanctified Himself (Joh_17:17-19).

13.  The seventh day was sanctified without sin and cleaning being involved (Gen_2:3-4)

If sin and filth are involved in a person or a material thing to be set apart unto God, then it must be dealt with to make it presentable to God.

Seven Personal Agents Used in Sanctifying:1.  God (Gen_2:3; Lev_21:15, Lev_21:23; Lev_22:9;

Joh_10:36; 1Th_5:23; Jud_1:1)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5432.  Jesus Christ (1Co_1:30; Eph_5:26; Heb_2:11; Heb_10:10,

Heb_10:14; Heb_13:12)3.  Holy Spirit (Rom_15:16; 1Co_6:11; 2Th_2:13; 1Pe_1:2)4.  Moses (Exo_19:10, Exo_19:14; Exo_40:13; Lev_8:10-15,

Lev_8:30; Lev_21:8; Num_7:1)5.  Joshua (Jos_7:13)6.  Priests (1Ch_15:14; 2Ch_30:24; Exo_19:22)7.  Laymen (Lev_11:44; Lev_20:7). Cp. Mat_23:17, Mat_23:19;

Heb_9:13)

Man is the agent in sanctification 85 times; God 23 times; Christ 10 times; and the Holy Spirit 4 times.

Man and God work together in the setting apart process.

Man has as much to do with sanctification as God, for he is the one who decides to sanctify himself to God.

Men are spoken of as being sanctified 75 times; Material things are said to be sanctified 40 times; and God is referred to as being sanctified 14 times

(Lev_10:3; Num_20:12-13; Num_27:14; Isa_5:16; Isa_8:13; Isa_29:23; Eze_20:41; Eze_28:22, Eze_28:25; Eze_36:23; Eze_38:16; Eze_39:27).

Fifteen Commands to Sanctify : 1.  Let priests sanctify themselves (Exo_19:22; 1Ch_15:14;

2Ch_29:15, 2Ch_29:34; 2Ch_30:3, 2Ch_30:5, 2Ch_30:15, 2Ch_30:24; 2Ch_31:18).

2.  Sanctify them (Exo_19:10; Exo_28:41; Exo_29:33; Exo_30:29; Lev_8:11; Lev_21:23).

3.  Sanctify him (Lev_8:12; Lev_21:8, Lev_21:15).4.  Sanctify yourselves (Lev_11:44; Lev_20:7; Num_11:18;

Jos_3:5; 1Sa_16:5; 1Ch_15:12; 2Ch_29:5).5.  Sanctify the people (Exo_19:14; Jos_7:13).6.  Sanctify Aaron and his garments (Lev_8:30).7.  Sanctify unto Me all the firstborn (Exo_13:2).8.  Sanctify it (mountain, Exo_19:23).9.  Sanctify the breast (of wave offering, Exo_29:27).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 54410.  Sanctify the altar (Exo_29:36-37; Exo_40:10).11.  Sanctify the Lord of Hosts (Isa_8:13).12.  Sanctify the Holy One of Jacob (Isa_29:23).13.  Sanctify a fast (Joe_1:14; Joe_2:15).14.  Sanctify the congregation (Joe_2:18).15.  Sanctify the Lord God in your hearts (1Pe_3:15).

Not only are there commands for people to sanctify God, but complaints because they did not do so (Deu_32:51; Num_27:14).

Thirty Proofs When Sanctification Begins:It began in God’s plan before Adam (Eph_1:4) but in experience it begins:1.  When one gets salvation through sanctification (2Th_2:13;

Rom_1:16)2.  When he receives Christ (2Co_1:1-24 :30)3.  When born again (1Jn_2:29; 1Jn_3:7-10; 1Jn_4:7, 1Jn_4:17;

1Jn_5:1-5, 1Jn_5:18; 1Pe_1:15-23)4.  When one becomes God’s elect through sanctification

(1Pe_1:2-4; Eph_1:4)5.  When made righteous (1Co_1:30; 1Jn_1:1-10 :29; 1Jn_3:7-

10; 1Jn_5:1-5, 1Jn_5:18)6.  When created in holiness (Eph_4:24)7.  When the old man (Satan, note, 2Co_5:17) is put off

(Rom_6:1-23; Eph_4:22-24; Col_3:8-10; 2Co_5:17-18)8.  When one becomes dead to sin (Rom_6:1-23)9.  When baptized into Christ by the Spirit (Rom_6:1-23;

Rom_8:12-13; 1Jn_3:7-10; 1Jn_5:1-5, 1Jn_5:18)10.  When one ceases to live in sin (Rom_6:1-23; Rom_8:12-13;

1Jn_3:7-10; 1Jn_5:1-5, 1Jn_5:18)11.  When he turns from Satan to God at forgiveness of sins

(Act_26:18)12.  When accepted by God (Rom_15:16)13.  When one gets into Christ and is made a new creature

(2Co_5:17-18)14.  When on becomes Christ’s and crucifies the flesh (Gal_5:24;

Eph_4:24)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 54515.  When washed from sin and justified (1Co_6:11; Eph_5:25-

26; Rev_1:5)16.  When he becomes one with Christ (Heb_2:11; 2Co_5:17-19;

Rom_8:1-13)17.  When he accepts Christ as the offering for sin (Heb_10:4-14;

1Co_1:30)18.  When one is cleansed by the blood of Christ (Heb_10:29;

1Jn_1:7-9)19.  When saved to the uttermost and from Satan (Heb_7:25;

1Jn_3:8-10; 1Jn_5:18)20.  When redeemed (Luk_1:68-77; 1Co_1:30; Heb_9:12-15;

1Pe_1:18-23)21.  When one believes truth (1Th_2:13)22.  When saved from fornication (1Th_4:3-4; Gal_5:24;

1Co_6:9-11)23.  When one becomes the temple of God (1Co_3:16-17;

1Co_6:19-20; Rom_8:9)24.  When reconciled to God (2Co_5:17-21; Col_1:20-23;

Rom_5:1-11)25.  When one is saved and purified by faith (Act_11:14-18;

Act_15:7-11)26.  When brought to obedience to God (1Pe_1:2; Rom_6:16-23;

Rom_8:12-13)27.  When one is made ready for resurrection to see God

(Heb_12:14; Rev_20:4-6)28.  When grace brings salvation and the Spirit renews (Tit_2:11-

13; Tit_3:5)29.  When converted and all sins are blotted out (Act_3:19-21;

Act_26:18)30.  When purged of all sin (Heb_1:3; Heb_10:1-18;

2Pe_1:4 :10).

This above points have to do with instantaneous sanctification. There is also progressive sanctification and complete sanctification.

Proof of Progressive Sanctification:1.  Statements of Jesus (Luk_9:23; Joh_8:31; Joh_14:26;

Joh_15:3; Joh_16:13-16)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5462.  Statements of Luke (Act_13:43; Act_14:22; Act_15:41;

Act_16:5; Act_18:26)3.  Statements of Paul (Rom_1:11, Rom_1:17; Rom_2:7;

Rom_4:12; Rom_6:3-22; Rom_7:4-6; Rom_8:1-13; Rom_11:20-22; Rom_12:1-21; Rom_14:19; 1Co_1:7-10; 1Co_11:31-34; 1Co_15:58; 1Co_16:13; 2Co_3:18; 2Co_5:9; 2Co_7:1; 2Co_10:4-6; 2Co_13:11; Gal_5:1, Gal_5:13, Gal_5:16-26; Eph_3:16-21; Eph_4:1-32; Eph_5:1-18; Eph_6:1-18; Php_1:6, Php_1:9, Php_1:25-27; Php_2:12-15; Php_3:7-15; Php_4:8-9; Col_1:9-29; Col_2:3-9; Col_3:1-17; Col_4:12; 1Th_2:2-13; 1Th_3:1-12; 1Th_5:11-23; 2Th_1:3-5; 2Th_2:13-17; 2Th_3:3; 1Ti_1:18; 1Ti_4:12-16; 1Ti_5:21-22; 1Ti_6:12-14; 2Ti_1:13-14; 2Ti_2:4, 2Ti_2:19-26; Tit_2:7-14; Heb_3:6, Heb_3:12-14; Heb_4:11; Heb_5:11-14; Heb_6:1-2, Heb_6:11-12; Heb_10:23-39; Heb_12:12; Heb_13:20-21)

4.  Statements of James (Jas_1:3-4, Jas_1:12, Jas_1:22-27; Jas_2:14-26; Jas_3:2; Jas_4:4-10; Jas_5:1-12)

5.  Statements of Peter (1Pe_1:5-16; 1Pe_2:1-12; 1Pe_3:8-12; 1Pe_4:1-19; 1Pe_5:1-10; 2Pe_1:4-10; 2Pe_3:14-18)

6.  Statements of John (1Jn_1:6-9; 1Jn_2:1-6, 1Jn_2:24-29; 1Jn_3:1-10; 1Jn_5:1-18; 2Jn_1:1, 2Jn_1:6, 2Jn_1:8; 3Jn_1:4, 3Jn_1:11)

7.  Statements of Jude (Jud_1:3, Jud_1:20-24)

Proof of Complete Sanctification:1.  Statements of Jesus (Mat_10:22; Mat_19:27-29; Mat_25:46;

Mar_10:29-30; Luk_21:36; Joh_4:36; Joh_6:27; Joh_12:25; Joh_14:1-3)

2.  Statements of Paul (Act_26:18; Rom_2:7-10; Rom_5:21; Rom_6:22-23; Rom_8:17-18, Rom_8:23-25; Rom_13:11; 1Co_1:7-8; 1Co_15:1-6, 1Co_15:23, 1Co_15:51-58; 2Co_4:16-18; 2Co_5:9; Gal_6:7-8; Eph_1:4, Eph_1:13-14; Eph_4:13-16; Eph_5:26-27; Php_1:6; Php_3:7-14, Php_3:20-21; Col_3:4; 1Th_1:10; 1Th_2:19; 1Th_3:13; 1Th_4:13-18; 1Th_5:23; Heb_3:6, Heb_3:12-14; Heb_6:1-12, Heb_6:18-19; Heb_10:23, Heb_10:35-39)

3.  Statements of others (Jas_5:7; 1Pe_1:3-13; 1Pe_4:13; 1Pe_5:10; 2Pe_3:14; Joh_3:1-3; Jud_1:24)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 547PUTTING OFF THE OLD MAN2Co 5:16 NKJV Therefore, from now on, we regard no one

according to the flesh. Even though we have known Christ according to the flesh, yet now we know Him thus no longer. 17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new. 18 Now all things are of God, who has reconciled us to Himself through Jesus Christ, and has given us the ministry of reconciliation, 19 that is, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not imputing their trespasses to them, and has committed to us the word of reconciliation. 20 Now then, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were pleading through us: we implore you on Christ's behalf, be reconciled to God. 21 For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

Given that we do not know any man after the flesh, not even Christ, it is vain for any man to profess relationship with Christ according to the flesh, while he is unchanged in heart and life and dead in trespasses and sins.

Knowing Christ according to the flesh means a man can know about Christ but really not know Him personally and intimately

But, [if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature]

Ten Personal Gospel Blessings1.  It brings one into Christ (2Co_5:17). 2.  One is a new creature (2Co_5:17).3.  Old things are passed away (2Co_5:17).

The Greek word for "old" is archaios (G744), ancient, original, old. Such things are no more in one.

4.  All things are new (2Co_5:17). The life is just the opposite of the old life.

5.  All things are of God (2Co_5:18). The true Christian does not permit anything in his life which is ungodly and unChristlike (Rom_6:14-23; Rom_8:1-13; Gal_5:16-26).

6.  One is reconciled to God (2Co_5:18; Rom_5:10; Eph_2:14-18; Col_1:20-21).

7.  He has part in the ministry of reconciliation (2Co_5:18-20; 2Co_1:18-24).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5488.  He has been trusted with the Word of reconciliation

(2Co_5:19; Mar_16:15-20).9.  He is an ambassador of God in Christ’s stead (2Co_5:20;

Pro_13:17).10.  He is the righteousness of God in Christ (2Co_5:21;

Rom_3:21-31; Rom_8:4).

[old things are passed away]

Two Old Things that Pass Away1.  The spirit, nature, and power of sin the old man, which is

nothing more nor less than the spirit, nature, and power of the devil working in men of disobedience (Joh_8:44; Eph_2:2; 2Co_4:4; 1Jn_3:8; 1Jn_5:18). This is what the Bible calls:(1)  The old man (Rom_6:6; Eph_4:22; Col_3:9)(2)  Sin (Joh_1:29; Joh_8:34; Rom 6:4-8:2)(3)  The body of sin (Rom_6:6)(4)  The power of Satan (Act_26:18)(5)  The body of this death (Rom_7:24)(6)  The lusts of the flesh (Eph_2:3)(7)  The lust of the eyes (1Jn_2:15-17)(8)  The pride of life (1Jn_2:15-17)(9)  The works of the flesh (Gal_5:19)(10)  The world (1Jn_2:15-17; Jas_4:4)(11)  Vile affections (Rom_1:26, Rom_1:29)(12)  The lusts of the mind (Eph_2:3)(13)  The lusts of sin (Rom_6:11-12)(14)  The motions of sins (Rom_7:5)(15)  The law of sin and death (Rom 7:7-8:2)(16)  The carnal mind (Rom_8:1-13)(17)  The god of this world (2Co_4:4)(18)  Spiritual wickedness in high places ... rulers of darkness

(Eph_6:12)(19)  The lusts of your father (Joh_8:44)(20)  Sin that dwelleth in me (Rom_7:17)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 549(21)  The course of this world (Eph_2:2)(22)  The body of the sins of the flesh (Col_2:11; Gal_5:24;

Rom_8:1-39)2. Outward sin or transgression of the law (1Jn_3:4; Rom_4:15;

Jas_1:13-15). The outward acts are listed in Mar_7:19-21; Rom_1:18-32; 2Co_6:9-11; Gal_5:19-21; Col_3:5-10)

Both outward and inward sin must pass away or one cannot claim to be in Christ.

The theory that only outward transgressions are forgiven and one is still under control of the old man (the devil) is one of the most erroneous doctrines in Christendom (2Co_5:17-18; Eph_4:24; 1Jn_5:18; Rom_6:6-23; Rom_8:1-13; 1Th_4:3; 2Th_2:13)

22] Also thou shalt take of the ram the fat and the rump, and the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and the right shoulder; for it is a ram of consecration:

[take of the ram the fat and the rump, and the fat that covereth the inwards ...]Eight Commands - Wave Offerings 1. Take the fat, the rump, the caul above the liver, the two

kidneys and their fat, and right shoulder of consecration ram.2. Take one loaf of bread, one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer

out of the basket of unleavened bread (Exo 29:23).3. Put all these in the hands of Aaron and his sons (Exo 29:24).4. They shall wave them for a wave offering before the Lord.5. Take them from their hands and burn them upon the altar for a

burnt sweet savor offering (Exo 29:25).6. Take the breast of the consecration ram (Exo 29:22) and wave

it before the Lord for a wave offering (Exo 29:26).7. Sanctify (set apart) the breast of the wave offering and the

shoulder of the heave offering (Exo 29:22, Exo 29:27).8. Let them be for Aaron and his sons (Exo 29:28).

[rump] The fat tails of some oriental sheep (Exo 29:22; Lev 3:9;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 550Lev 7:3; Lev 8:25; Lev 9:19) was considered a great delicacy. This part of the broad-tailed sheep weighed from 15 to 40 lbs.

Some owners harnessed small carts to sheep to support the tail and keep the wool from being dragged on the ground, rocks, and bushes.

[caul] yothereth (H3508), the lobe or flap of the liver.

It was part of the sacrifice that was to be burned on the altar (Exo 29:13, Exo 29:22; Lev 3:4, Lev 3:10, Lev 3:15; Lev 4:9; Lev 7:4; Lev 8:16, Lev 8:25; Lev 9:10, Lev 9:19).

Cp. Hos 13:8 where the Hebrew is cegowr (H5458), the enclosure or covering of the heart, and could mean the hardening of the heart.

23] And one loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of the unleavened bread that is before the LORD:

[one loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of the unleavened bread] Different kinds of bread were intended to show gratefulness for God’s abundant supply for daily needs. All the parts of the ram and the different breads were waved and heaved before God to acknowledge Him. This is the motive of all true worship.

24] And thou shalt put all in the hands of Aaron, and in the hands of his sons; and shalt wave them for a wave offering before the LORD.

25] And thou shalt receive them of their hands, and burn them upon the altar for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour before the LORD: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

[burn them upon the altar for a burnt offering] All sacrifices burned on the altar or outside the camp were offerings made by fire to God.

Some were of animals and others of flour and cooked items.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 551Of these, some were called sweet savor offerings (see notes on Leviticus 1-7).

We are completely consecrated in Him (Col 2:10).

Wave Offering26] And thou shalt take the breast of the ram of Aaron’s

consecration, and wave it for a wave offering before the LORD: and it shall be thy part.

[wave] The wave offering derived its name from being waved toward the brazen altar, symbolizing that it was offered to the Lord, and away from the altar, symbolizing that it was returned to the priests for their services (Lev_7:34-36).

[heave] The heave offering was lifted up and down several times — up as a symbol of offering it to God, and down as a symbol of offering it to God’s servants (Lev_7:34-36).

27] And thou shalt sanctify the breast of the wave offering, and the shoulder of the heave offering, which is waved, and which is heaved up, of the ram of the consecration, even of that which is for Aaron, and of that which is for his sons:

[sanctify] Set apart - the true meaning of sanctification.

[for Aaron, and of that which is for his sons] The breast and shoulder that were not burned were for Aaron and his sons as their due from all such offerings (Exo 29:26-28).

28] And it shall be Aaron’s and his sons’ by a statute for ever from the children of Israel: for it is an heave offering: and it shall be an heave offering from the children of Israel of the sacrifice of their peace offerings, even their heave offering unto the LORD.

[of the sacrifice of their peace offerings] Both wave and heave offerings were from the peace offerings of Israel.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 55229] And the holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons’ after

him, to be anointed therein, and to be consecrated in them.

[the holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons’ after him ...]Twelve Commands - Final Consecration Rites 1. Use the holy garments of Aaron when consecrating his

successors.2. Aaron’s successors shall put on the holy garments for seven

days when ministering in the holy place (Exo 29:30; Lev 8:33).

3. Take the ram of consecration and boil his flesh in the holy place (Exo 29:31).

4. Aaron and sons shall eat the ram with the bread in the basket by the door of the tabernacle (Exo 29:32).

5. They shall eat those things wherewith the atonement was made, as a symbol of their consecration and sanctification (setting apart) for divine service (Exo 29:33).

6. No stranger shall eat of the holy things of consecration.7. Eat nothing that remains overnight of the holy things; burn it

with fire (Exo 29:34).8. Take seven days to consecrate Aaron and his sons, as

commanded (Exo 29:35).9. Offer a bullock every day for a sin offering of atonement (Exo

29:36).10. Cleanse the alter daily after every sacrifice of atonement.11. Anoint the altar daily after it has been cleansed of the blood of

atonement.12. Sanctify it (set it apart) seven days by blood of atonement and

by anointing it with oil daily (Exo 29:36-37).

30] And that son that is priest in his stead shall put them on seven days, when he cometh into the tabernacle of the congregation to minister in the holy place.

[seven days] The priests were not to be out of the tabernacle for seven days (Lev 8:33).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 55331] And thou shalt take the ram of the consecration, and

seethe his flesh in the holy place.[holy place] The brazen altar in the court of the tabernacle, the

one consecrated for seven days when the priests were dedicated (Exo 29:29-37; Lev 8:31-32).

32] And Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket, by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.

33] And they shall eat those things wherewith the atonement was made, to consecrate and to sanctify them: but a stranger shall not eat thereof, because they are holy.

[atonement] kaphar (H3722), "to cover; expiate; placate; cancel; appease; cleanse; disannul; forgive; be merciful; pacify; pardon; reconcile; make atonement; purge."

This is the first of the 73 times that the word is translated "atonement" (Exo 29:33, Exo 29:36-37; Exo 30:10-16; Exo 32:30; Lev 1:4; Lev 4:20-35; Lev 5:6-18; Lev 6:7; Lev 7:7; Lev 8:34; Lev 9:7; Lev 10:17; Lev 12:7-8; Lev 14:18-31, Lev 14:53; Lev 15:15, Lev 15:30; Lev 16:6-34; Lev 17:11; Lev 19:22; Lev 23:28; Num 5:8; Num 6:11; Num 8:12, Num 8:19-21; Num 15:25-28; Num 16:46-47; Num 25:13; Num 28:22, Num 28:30; Num 29:5; Num 31:50; 2Sa 21:3; 1Ch 6:49; 2Ch 29:24; Neh 10:33).

The noun form of the verb kaphar (H3722) is kippur (H3725) which only occurs in the plural, "atonements" (Exo 30:10), as it should have been translated in Exo 29:36; Exo 30:16; Lev 23:27-28; Lev 25:9; Num 5:8; Num 29:11.

Both words are used together in some verses (Exo 29:36; Exo 30:10, Exo 30:16; Lev 23:28; Num 5:8).

The first use of kaphar (H3722) is when Noah was commanded to pitch the ark inside and outside (Gen 6:14).

This gives the essential meaning as a "covering" for the ark which made it safe from leaks to preserve life (Gen 6:14).

Kaphar (H3722) and kippur (H3725) are the only Hebrew words translated "atonement." In the New Testament

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 554"atonement" is found only once (note, Rom 5:11).

Kaphar (H3722) is translated "cleansed" (Num 35:33); "disannulled" (Isa 28:18); "forgive" (Jer 18:23); "forgiven" (Deu 21:8); "merciful" (Deu 21:8; Deu 32:43); "pardon" (2Ch 30:18); "reconcile" (Lev 6:30; Eze 45:20); "reconciliation" (Lev 8:15; Eze 45:15-17; Dan 9:24); "reconciling" (Lev 16:20); "purge" (Psa 65:3; Psa 79:9; Eze 43:20, Eze 43:26); "purged" (1Sa 3:14; Pro 16:6; Isa 6:7; Isa 22:14; Isa 27:9); and "put off" (Isa 47:11).

Another word, kapporeth (H3727), from the root word kaphar (H3722), is translated "mercy seat" 27 times, referring to the lid to the ark of the covenant (Exo 25:17-22; Exo 26:34; Exo 30:6; Exo 31:7; Exo 35:12; Exo 37:6-9; Exo 39:35; Exo 40:20; Lev 16:2-15; Num 7:89; 1Ch 28:11).

[sanctify] Set apart or consecrate

34] And if ought of the flesh of the consecrations, or of the bread, remain unto the morning, then thou shalt burn the remainder with fire: it shall not be eaten, because it is holy.

35] And thus shalt thou do unto Aaron, and to his sons, according to all things which I have commanded thee: seven days shalt thou consecrate them.

[seven days] This was after the tabernacle was set up (Exo 29:34, Exo 29:37), when the priests were set apart and when they began their ministry.

They remained inside the tabernacle day and night during the seven days (Lev 8:33-36).

[consecrate them]Tenfold Order - the Consecration of Priests 1. Bringing the prescribed offerings of animals and cooked

articles (Exo 29:1-3)2. Bringing Aaron and sons before the door of the tabernacle and

washing them in water (Exo 29:4)3. Dressing the high priest (Exo 29:5-6)4. Anointing the high priest (Exo 29:7; Psa 133:2)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5555. Dressing the priests (Exo 29:8-9)6. Offering of sacrifices for the sins of the priests and the

application of the blood and anointing oil (Exo 29:10-21)7. Waving the wave offering and burning it on the altar (Exo

29:22-25)8. Boiling the priests’ portion of the wave and heave offerings on

the brazen altar (Exo 29:26-31)9. Priests eating their portion in the tabernacle court (Exo 29:32)10. Priests beginning ministry by sanctifying the altar seven days

(Exo 29:1-46 : Exodus 36-37). The priests and the altar were made most holy for the beginning of the regular daily ministry (Exo 29:38-42)

Sanctifying Altar36] And thou shalt offer every day a bullock for a sin offering

for atonement: and thou shalt cleanse the altar, when thou hast made an atonement for it, and thou shalt anoint it, to sanctify it.

[atonement] kippur (H3725) "atonements."

kaphar (H3722) "to cover; expiate; placate; cancel; appease; cleanse; disannul; forgive; be merciful; pacify; pardon; reconcile; make atonement; purge."

This is the first of the 73 times that the word is translated "atonement" (Exo_29:33, Exo_29:36-37; Exo_30:10-16; Exo_32:30; Lev_1:4; Lev_4:20-35; Lev_5:6-18; Lev_6:7; Lev_7:7; Lev_8:34; Lev_9:7; Lev_10:17; Lev_12:7-8; Lev_14:18-31, Lev_14:53; Lev_15:15, Lev_15:30; Lev_16:6-34; Lev_17:11; Lev_19:22; Lev_23:28; Num_5:8; Num_6:11; Num_8:12, Num_8:19-21; Num_15:25-28; Num_16:46-47; Num_25:13; Num_28:22, Num_28:30; Num_29:5; Num_31:50; 2Sa_21:3; 1Ch_6:49; 2Ch_29:24; Neh_10:33).

The noun form of the verb kaphar (H3722) is kippur (H3725) which only occurs in the plural, "atonements" (Exo_30:10), as it should have been translated in Exo_29:36; Exo_30:16; Lev_23:27-28; Lev_25:9; Num_5:8; Num_29:11.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 556Both words are used together in some verses (Exo_29:36; Exo_30:10, Exo_30:16; Lev_23:28; Num_5:8).

The first use of kaphar (H3722) is when Noah was commanded to pitch the ark inside and outside (Gen_6:14).

This gives the essential meaning as a "covering" for the ark which made it safe from leaks to preserve life (Gen_6:14). Kaphar (H3722) and kippur (H3725) are the only Hebrew words translated "atonement."

In the New Testament "atonement" is found only once (note, Rom_5:11).

Kaphar (H3722) is translated "cleansed" (Num_35:33); "disannulled" (Isa_28:18); "forgive" (Jer_18:23); "forgiven" (Deu_21:8); "merciful" (Deu_21:8; Deu_32:43); "pardon" (2Ch_30:18); "reconcile" (Lev_6:30; Eze_45:20); "reconciliation" (Lev_8:15; Eze_45:15-17; Dan_9:24); "reconciling" (Lev_16:20); "purge" (Psa_65:3; Psa_79:9; Eze_43:20, Eze_43:26); "purged" (1Sa_3:14; Pro_16:6; Isa_6:7; Isa_22:14; Isa_27:9); and "put off" (Isa_47:11).

Another word, kapporeth (H3727), from the root word kaphar (H3722), is translated "mercy seat" 27 times, referring to the lid to the ark of the covenant (Exo_25:17-22; Exo_26:34; Exo_30:6; Exo_31:7; Exo_35:12; Exo_37:6-9; Exo_39:35; Exo_40:20; Lev_16:2-15; Num_7:89; 1Ch_28:11).

Thirty-three Commands — the Great Day of Atonement 1. Speak to Aaron telling him not to come into the most holy place

at all times (Lev_16:2, Lev_16:29) lest he die. (The high priest was allowed there once a year, on the great day of atonement, Oct. 10th.)

2. He shall come into the most holy place after sacrificing a young bullock for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering, for himself and his family (Lev_16:3, Lev_16:11).

3. He shall put on his holy garments—linen coat, breeches, girdle, mitre (Lev_16:4).

4. He shall wash his flesh with water before putting them on.5. He shall take two kids of the goats for a sin offering, and a ram

for a burnt offering for the congregation (Lev_16:5).6. He shall offer his bullock for a sin offering, and make

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 557atonement for himself and his house (Lev_16:6, Lev_16:11).

7. He shall take the two kids of the goats for the congregation, and present them at the door of the tabernacle (Lev_16:7).

8. He shall cast lots on the two goats, one for the Lord, the other for the scapegoat (Lev_16:8).

9. He shall bring the Lord’s goat and offer him for a sin offering for the people (Lev_16:9).

10. He shall bring the scapegoat, present it alive before Jehovah, and let him go free into the wilderness (Lev_16:10).

11. He shall take a censer full of burning coals from the altar before God, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small (Lev_16:12).

12. He shall bring the incense within the veil and burn it upon the fire before Jehovah (Lev_16:12-13).

13. He shall take the blood of the bullock and sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward, and also before the mercy seat seven times (Lev_16:14).

14. He shall then kill the goat of the sin offering for the congregation, and bring its blood to the most holy place (within the veil) and sprinkle it upon and before the mercy seat (Lev_16:15).

15. He shall make atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness, transgressions, and sins of Israel; and atonement for the tabernacle of the congregation (Lev_16:16).

16. No man shall go into the tabernacle when the high priest goes into the holy place, until he comes out from making atonement for himself, his house, and the congregation (Lev_16:17).

17. The high priest shall go out to the brazen altar and make atonement for it, putting blood of the bullock and goat upon the horns of the altar round about (Lev_16:18-20).

18. He shall then bring the live goat before the brazen altar (Lev_16:20).

19. He shall lay both his hands upon the head of the goat, confessing his sins, the sins of his house, and the sins of Israel to signify the transference of guilt to a substitute, and then send the goat into the wilderness by a responsible man (Lev_16:21).

20. The live goat shall bear upon him all the sins transferred to

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 558him for all Israel into an uninhabited land where he shall be let go in the wilderness (Lev_16:22).

21. After that the high priest shall go into the tabernacle of the congregation (the outer court), put off the holy garments, and leave them there (Lev_16:23).

22. He shall then wash his flesh with water in the holy place, put his garments back on, come forth, and offer the ram for his burnt offering (Lev_16:3), and the ram of the congregation for a burnt offering (Lev_16:5), atoning for himself and the people (Lev_16:24).

23. He shall burn the fat of the sin offerings upon the altar (Lev_16:25).

24. He that took the live goat into the wilderness shall wash his clothes, bathe, and afterward come into the camp (Lev_16:26).

25. The slain bullock and goat for the sin offerings shall be carried outside the camp and burned with their skins, flesh, and dung (Lev_16:27).

26. He that burns them shall wash his clothes, bathe, and then come into the camp (Lev_16:28).

27. This shall be a statute forever unto you that on the tenth day of the seventh month (Oct. 10th) you shall fast and do no work at all, for it is the day of atonement for you (Lev_16:29-30).

28. This law shall be obeyed by both Jews and Gentiles in your midst (Lev_16:29).

29. The day of atonement shall be a sabbath of rest unto you when you shall fast (afflict your souls, Lev_16:31).

30. It shall be a sabbath and a day to fast, by a statute forever.31. The (high) priest anointed and consecrated to minister in the

priest’s office in his father’s stead shall put on the holy garments and make atonement (Lev_16:32).

32. He shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary, the tabernacle of the congregation, the altar, the priests, and all the people of the congregation (Lev_16:33).

33. This shall be an everlasting statute unto you to make atonement for all the sins of Israel, once a year (Lev_16:34).

[altar]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 559Twelve Daily Happenings at the Altar1. It served as a hitching post for the bullock killed beside it (Exo

29:10-11, Exo 29:36).2. The blood was put on the horns of the altar daily by the finger

(Exo 29:12).3. The remaining blood was poured out at the base of the altar.4. The parts used for burnt offerings were burned upon the altar

(Exo 29:13).5. One ram was killed and its blood sprinkled around the altar

(Exo 29:16).6. The whole ram was burned on the altar (Exo 29:17-18).7. A second ram was then killed and its blood put on Aaron and

sons and sprinkled around the altar (Exo 29:19-21).8. Parts of the offerings were then burned upon the altar (Exo

29:25).9. The ram of consecration (the parts not burned) was boiled on

the altar and eaten by the priests (Exo 29:31-33).10. The altar was cleansed of all blood and ashes (Exo 29:36).11. The altar was then anointed with oil to sanctify it.12. Any of the ram not eaten the day of its killing was burned the

next day upon the altar (Exo 29:34).

After seven days of sanctification the altar was considered completely set apart for God’s use without further rituals (Exo 29:36-37).

After this the daily sacrifices began (Exo 29:38-42; Heb 9:9; Heb 10:1-2).

37] Seven days thou shalt make an atonement for the altar,and sanctify it; and it shall be an altar most holy: whatsoever toucheth the altar shall be holy.

Christ is in a sense our altar (Heb 13:10, 15; Matt 23:9).

Continual Offering38] Now this is that which thou shalt offer upon the altar; two

lambs of the first year day by day continually.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 560[Now] Now - after the priests and the altar had been made

completely sanctified for divine services (Exo 29:1-38).

[offer upon the altar]Five Commands - the Daily Sacrifices 1. Offer two lambs (yearlings) day by day continually (Exo 29:38;

Heb 9:9; Heb 10:1-2).2. Sacrifice one lamb in the morning and the other in the evening

(Exo 29:39).3. With the morning lamb offer half a gallon of flour, mixed with

one and a half quarts of beaten oil and one and a half quarts of wine for a drink offering (Exo 29:40; Num 28:5; Num 29:4).

4. Offer the same amounts of flour, oil, and wine for the evening lamb as offered in the morning (Exo 29:41).

5. This shall be a continual burnt offering daily forever (Exo 29:42).

[day by day continually] Considering that there were 1,718 years from the giving of this law to the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70 (excluding the 70 years captivity), or a period of 627,499 days, there would be 1,254,998 lambs sacrificed, counting two each day.

At $80 each these would be valued at $100,399,840 today. Later laws required two additional lambs, etc. to be offered each weekly sabbath.

Total for these (with their flour, oil, and wine offerings) would be $17,956,536

39] The one lamb thou shalt offer in the morning; and the other lamb thou shalt offer at even:

Meat (Meal) and Drink Offering40] And with the one lamb a tenth deal of flour mingled with

the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil; and the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering.

[tenth deal of flour] A tenth deal was about half a gallon. Counting one gallon for each two lambs daily, there would be

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 561627,499 gallons used in the 1,718-year period (note above). At $2 a gallon, this would be $1,254,998.

[fourth part of an hin of beaten oil] Half a hin (allowing a quarter each lamb) would be three quarts (at six quarts to a hin).

Used every day in the continual burnt offerings (Exo 29:42) for the 627,499-day period (Exo 29:38), this would 1,882,497 quarts of oil.

At $8 a quart the total cost today would be $15,059,976.

[fourth part of an hin of wine] Three quarts daily for the two lambs - 1,882,497 quarts for the 627,499-day period.

At $5 a quart the wine would cost $9,412,485.

The Cost of Daily Lamb Sacrifices for 1,718 YearsLambs: 1,254,998 (2 daily for 1,718

yrs. or 627,499 days at $80 each$100,399,840

Flour: 627,499 gal. at $2 1,254,998Oil: 1,882,497 qts. at $8 each 15,059,976Wine: 1,882,497 qts. at $5 each 9,412,485Additional for weekly sabbaths:1,718

yrs. at $10,452 (note, Num 28:9)17,956,536

Total cost $144,083,835

41] And the other lamb thou shalt offer at even, and shalt do thereto according to the meat offering of the morning, and according to the drink offering thereof, for a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

[sweet savour] See notes on Leviticus 1:1-3:17.

42] This shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD: where I will meet you, to speak there unto thee.

[throughout your generations] This means forever, for Israel is

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 562an eternal nation and will be ruled by Christ in eternity (Isa 9:5-7; Luk 1:32-33; Rev 5:10; Rev 11:15; Rev 20:4-6; Rev. 21:1-22:5).

Eternal Sabbath — Not for the Church Some argue that, because the Mosaic sabbath was to be eternal, it was to be observed by Christians, but it must be kept in mind that eternal terms are used of sacrifices and many other things in the law of Moses.

If we can prove that the sabbaths of Israel, by being eternal, are for us today, we can likewise prove the offerings, sacrifices and various rituals are also, for all are referred to with eternal terms in the law of Moses.

[where I will meet you, to speak there unto thee] God was to meet with and speak to Israel from the mercy seat (Exo 25:21-22).

43] And there I will meet with the children of Israel, and the tabernacle shall be sanctified by my glory.

[I will meet with the children of Israel ...]Five Promises of God to Israel1. I will meet with you, to speak to you (Exo 29:42-43).2. I will sanctify the tabernacle and altar (Exo 29:44).3. I will sanctify Aaron and sons.4. I will dwell among Israel (Exo 29:45).5. I will be their God (cp. Rev 21:1-27).

44] And I will sanctify the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar: I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to me in the priest’s office.

[sanctify the tabernacle] Many things were sanctified with no sin being involved.

This offering is always appended to the burnt offering (Lev 23:13, 18; Nu 28:28, 31; 29:3, 6, 9.).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 563Jesus is our burnt offering, and He never appears after His resurrection without eating. It is interesting that the Burnt offering and the meal offering are always together.

The Meal offering (Lev 2) speaks of Christ’s humanity and includes beaten oil.

The Drink offering is 1/4 oil and 1/4 wine.

Oil typifies the Holy Spirit, and the wine means communion and it also refers to “joy” (Judg 9:13; Ps 104:15; 1 Jn 1:4).

Therefore, gloominess does not glorify God. Lack of joy = lack of fellowship. Begin and end each day with the oil and wine (the Spirit and fellowship with Him).

“I Will Dwell Among...”45] And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be

their God.[dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God]

These promises have been partially fulfilled, but the complete fulfillment awaits the time when God will dwell visibly among men in the New Earth when He moves His capital city, the New Jerusalem, to the planet earth from the planet heaven, to be among men forever (Rev. 21:1-22:5). Christ will dwell among men 1,000 years before this (Rev 20:1-10).

46] And they shall know that I am the LORD their God, that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am the LORD their God.

[they shall know that I am the LORD their God, that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them] Three things that Israel was to know:1. That Jehovah was their God.2. That God had brought them out of Egypt.3. That God dwelled among them.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 564Why did God deliver them from Egypt?

Because He could not dwell with them there! God does not want us with the world as He cannot dwell with us there.

God did not dwell with Adam, nor Abraham... Ex 15:1, 13, 17; 25:8; Mt 28:20; Heb 13:5; Zech 6:12, 13; Rev 21:3; Ps 144:15 with a climax of a city where we can all dwell together!

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 565

Exodus 30Incense Altar or Golden AltarDo not confuse this with the Brazen Altar, this was smaller, inside the Tabernacle structure and made of gold, not brass. This was used to burn incense. It was inside next to the veil, intimately connected with the Holy of Holies, which side of the veil is subject to debate by scholars.

It is interesting that it was not mentioned when we went through the furniture, but instead it is here after the description of the priesthood. This structure is not by accident, you cannot have a Golden Altar for incense until there is someone consecrated to the burn incense. So the logical spiritual order is to have a priest first, because he needs to take a coal from the brazen altar inside to start this altar.

1] And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim wood shalt thou make it.

[make an altar to burn incense upon ...]Fifteen Commands - the Altar of Incense 1. Make an altar to burn incense upon.2. Make it of shittim wood.3. Make it 18 inches square (Exo 30:2).4. Height: 3 ft.5. Make four horns of the same size and shape for the four

corners.6. Overlay it with pure gold - the top, sides, and horns (Exo 30:3).7. Make a crown of gold around it.8. Make four gold rings for the four corners to be placed under the

crown for staves to carry it (Exo 30:4).9. Make two staves of shittim wood (Exo 30:5).10. Overlay them with gold.11. Put the altar before the veil in the holy place opposite the ark

of the testimony on the other side of the veil (Exo 30:6).12. Aaron shall burn sweet incense upon it every morning and

evening when he prepares the lamps (Exo 30:7-8).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 56613. The incense shall burn perpetually like the lamps, day and

night.14. Do not offer strange incense, any burnt sacrifice, or meat

offering upon it; do not pour any drink offering on it (Exo 30:9).15. Aaron shall make an atonement upon its four horns once a

year with the blood of the sin offering (Exo 30:10).

2] A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of the same.

Cubit is roughly 18 inches, so this is roughly 1 ½ feet square and 3 feet high.

Exodus 30:2[foursquare shall it be] The golden altar was square, like the

brazen altar.

It was only 18 inches square while the brazen altar was 7½ ft. square (Exo 27:1).

The golden altar was only 3 ft. high, whereas the brazen altar was 4½ ft. high.

The horns were the same in number and shape as on the brazen altar (Exo 30:3; Exo 27:2).

The brazen altar was covered with brass, but the altar of incense was covered with gold.

Nothing is said here of the vessels which held the incense but no doubt they were made of gold as all the other vessels and the pieces of furniture in the holy and most holy places (Exo 25:11-13, Exo 25:17-18, Exo 25:24-29, Exo 25:31, Exo 25:36-39).

The altar of sacrifice, the laver, and all vessels of the court outside the tabernacle were of brass (Exo 27:2-6; Exo 30:17-21; Exo 38:8).

3] And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5674] And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the

crown of it, by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make it; and they shall be for places for the staves to bear it withal.

5] And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold.

6] And thou shalt put it before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with thee.

7] And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it.

8] And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations.

9] Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, nor meat offering; neither shall ye pour drink offering thereon.

[strange incense] Strange incense would be any kind that was not commanded to be burned on this altar (Exo 30:9, Exo 30:34-38). In Lev 10:1; Lev 16:12-13; Num 16:6-7, Num 16:17-18, Num 16:35-47 incense was offered in a censer - a bowl-shaped vessel.

Burning incense was one of the most prominent rituals in divine worship which foreshadowed things to come. The heathen copied this, for many references speak of burning incense to idols (1Ki 11:8; 1Ki 12:33; 1Ki 13:1-2; 1Ki 22:43; 2Ki 12:3; 2Ki 14:4; 2Ki 15:4, 2Ki 15:35; 2Ki 16:4; 2Ki 17:11; 2Ki 18:4; 2Ki 22:17; 2Ki 23:5-8; 2Ch 25:14; 2Ch 28:3-4, 2Ch 34:25; Jer 1:16; Jer 7:9; Jer 11:12-17; Jer 18:15; Jer 19:4, Jer 19:13; Jer 32:29; Hos 2:13; Hos 4:13; Hos 11:2).

Only the priests were to offer incense (2Ch 26:16-19).

Smoke of sacrifices and prayers are considered incense (Psa 66:15; Psa 141:2; Rev 5:8; Rev 8:3-4), but the kind offered daily to God was sweet incense (Exo 30:7-8, Exo 30:34-38).

Offering of incense daily was to be done perpetually (Exo 30:6-8). It is offered in heaven (Rev 8:3-4).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 568

10] And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it is most holy unto the LORD.

[once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements] The great day of atonement (Lev 16:16-18, Lev 16:27-34; Num 29:7).

Num 16 - Korah tries to repudiate the Aaronic priesthood. Moses interposes. (Jud 11)

Lev 16:12-13; Num 16:46. Fire from Brazen Altar, in that way these 2 altars are connected. (Cf Isa 6:7; Lev 1-8).

Fire is symbolic of God’s judgement. The spiritual symbolism of the Golden Altar is praise; Heb 2:12; 13:15 (and also intercession).

While the Brazen altar speaks of Christ’s work on the cross, the Golden altar speaks of Christ’s work today, making intercession for us.

See the bibliography for a good reference on the Temple and its ceremonies, Alfred Edersheim.

Camp of Israel could only go to Brazen Altar, Only Aaron and sons could go on to the Golden Altar.

It is interesting that there is no mention of the Golden Altar in Ezekiel’s (Millennial) Temple.

Lev 10, Nadab and Abihu, God is jealous of His types (2 Kgs 5:26, 27). Christ is the only foundation.

Uzziah handled incense (2 Chr 26:16-21, 34-35) sweet, pure, most holy.

The Numbering11] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 56912] When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after

their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou numberest them.

[give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD ...]Five commands - atonement money: 1. Charge every man a ransom.2. When he registers each shall give $1.25 as an offering to God

(Exo 30:13).3. Every man twenty years old and older shall pay the registration

tax (Exo 30:14).4. The rich shall not give more; the poor shall not give less than

$1.25 (Exo 30:15).5. Use the money in the tabernacle service (Exo 30:16).

[ransom for his soul] The money was a special tax of registration in Israel as a reminder of redemption and their obligation under the terms of the Mosaic covenant (Exo 30:16).

[that there be no plague among them] Here God promised freedom from plague when the men were numbered, proving it had to do only with a memorial of God’s protection and blessing in Israel.

13] This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel is twenty gerahs:) an half shekel shall be the offering of the LORD.

[half a shekel] A shekel was $2.50, making the tax $1.25.

14] Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD.

[twenty years old and above] This was the age for military service, so the memorial money could be considered a

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 570registration tax (Exo 30:15-16; Exo 38:26; Num 1:3, Num 1:18, Num 1:20, Num 1:22, Num 1:24, Num 1:26, Num 1:28, Num 1:30, Num 1:32, Num 1:34, Num 1:36, Num 1:38, Num 1:40, Num 1:42, Num 1:45; Num 14:29; Num 26:2, Num 26:4; Num 32:11).

15] The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel, when they give an offering unto the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.

16] And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.

[rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel]

This placed every man in Israel on an equal footing in relation to God and obligation to the law.

[to make an atonement for your souls]Atonement MoneyThe money did not redeem the soul.

Not even the blood of bulls and other animals did this (Heb 10:4; 1Pe 1:18-23), but rather faith in the blood of the coming Redeemer of which the blood of sacrifices was a type.

"Soul" here is from nephesh (H5315), translated "soul" and "souls" (Exo 30:12, Exo 30:15-16).

It should be translated "life" and "lives" here because the subject is saving the lives from death in a plague.

The half-shekel was a token of obedience in recognition of God’s protection from plague and death.

If they disobeyed the law many plagues would come on the people (Lev 26:1-46; Deu 28:1-68).

Money had nothing to do with salvation of the soul or atoning for sins, so the ransom and atonement here concern physical, not spiritual life.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 571Blood alone makes atonement for the soul and its sin (Lev 17:11; Mat 26:28; Heb 9:11-28; Heb 10:1-23; 1Jn 1:7).

God again emphasized the close relationship of sin and sickness showing obedience, forgiveness, and healing to be His complete remedy for such (Exo 15:26; Lev 26:1-46; Deu 7:12-15; Deu 28:1-68; Psa 91:1-16; Psa 103:3; Pro 3:5-8; Isa 6:10; Isa 53:1-5; Isa 58:5-14; Mat 8:17; Joh 10:10; 1Pe 2:24; Jas 5:14-15, notes).

The equal amount for rich and poor alike indicated that in matters of atonement there is no difference among men (Act 10:34-35; Rom 3:22-25; Rom 10:9-14).

The half shekel was no doubt silver - the same metal used in the foundation bases and the post rods of the outer court (Exo 26:19, Exo 26:21, Exo 26:25, Exo 26:32; Exo 27:10-11, Exo 27:17; Exo 38:25-28).

Isa 55:1; 1 Pet 1:18 - can’t buy your redemption. Yet, here there is a price.

God is teaching that we are a ransomed people, same amount for rich and poor alike.

It is silver, which is melted down to make the sockets which hold the Tabernacle. Silver and blood are equivalent in the Scripture (Ex 12, 13; 30).

Our salvation rests on Jesus’ blood.

Exodus is the Book of Redemption.

Numbering applies when one owns something. Thus, numbering is a privilege of ownership!

When David numbers it is for himself, thus the judgement (1 Chr 21:1-4, 7, 8).

Here Moses is instructed to number, for the Lord’s sake (Isa 40:26; Ps 147:4; Isa 65:12; Pro 16:4; Dan 5:26).

The whole idea of ransom is that we are appropriated unto God.

The Laver17] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 57218] Thou shalt also make a laver of brass, and his foot also

of brass, to wash withal: and thou shalt put it between the tabernacle of the congregation and the altar, and thou shalt put water therein.

[make a laver of brass ...]The LaverThis laver was brass, made from melted hand mirrors.

For washing, purification - symbolically representing the Word of God (John 15:3; 17:17; Eph 5:26). The Word shows us where we are, the Law cannot make us righteous, but it can show us our faults. Now we wash in it (Eph 5:26), later we will stand on it (Rev 4:6).

“I Am the Living Water” (John 4:10, 14; 7:37, 38).

Five Commands - the Laver of Brass 1. Make a laver and its base of brass.2. Put it between the tabernacle door and the brazen altar.3. Put water in it so Aaron and his sons can wash their hands and

feet when they minister in the tabernacle and offer sacrifices (Exo 30:19-20).

4. If they fail to wash their hands and feet while ministering they shall die (Exo 30:20-21).

5. This shall be a statute forever for all priests (Exo 30:21).

The laver of brass was made from the looking-glasses of the women (Exo 38:8). Bronze mirrors were items of luxury; they were popular in Egypt. No hint is given as to the size and shape of the laver.

The one in Solomon’s temple is described in detail and was no doubt made from the pattern of this one, though perhaps larger (1Ki 7:23-39, notes).

It contained enough water for all to wash their hands and feet, and even bathe on certain occasions (Exo 29:4; Exo 40:12; Lev 16:4, Lev 16:24), and wash the sacrifices (Exo 29:17; Lev 1:9, Lev 1:13; Lev 9:14). The laver here was a large reservoir with the base being a smaller basin with pipes and valves that allowed running water in the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 573lower part so the priests could wash in running water as required.

Even certain sacrifices were to be washed in running water (Lev 14:4-6, Lev 14:50-52).

19] For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat: 20] When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn offering made by fire unto the LORD:

21] So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they die not: and it shall be a statute for ever to them, even to him and to his seed throughout their generations.

WaterA study of water: Eden (Gen 2:10; Ps 46:4);

Pharaoh’s hosts destroyed (Ex 14:1); preserves Hagar (Gen 16:7); flows from smitten rock (Ex 21:19); prominent in ministries of Elijah, Elisha, Naaman (2 Kgs 5); Jehosphat’s army (2 Kgs 2).

In the New Testament there are references for the water turning into wine, water flows from side of our Savior, and is prominent in Rev 22:1. We also see Jesus institute washing one another’s feet.

We are to wash in the water of the Word daily!

There are numerous references to water symbolically meaning the written Word of God (Ps 119:9; Jn 3:5; 13:5; Eph 5:25, 26; Tit 3:5; Heb 10:22; 1 Pet 1:22).

There are two kinds of washing: Washing that is done once and only once, referring to regeneration (John 3:5; Tit 3:5; Heb 10:22). The second type of washing refers to daily washing (Ps 119; 1 Pet 1:22).

Use of water for:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5741) Prevention of sin;2) Cleansing of sin (2 Cor 7:1; Rev 22:14);3) Refreshment.

The Laver represents washing, by the Word.

It is also known as the “Glassy sea” which they are standing on in Heaven (Rev 15:2, 3; 1 Kgs 7:23).

What was used for washing on earth, they are standing on before the throne of God.

The Laver was made specifically of brass from the women’s looking glasses (brightly polished metal).

The women donated the hand mirrors to make this laver whose purpose is to show us ourselves (James 1:23-25).

The whole purpose of the Law is to show us our weakness, not to save us.

Two important things to note about the laver are items not mentioned;

It had no dimensions specified (= unlimited provisions).[Although in 1 Kings 7:23, the value of “pi” is hidden in the misspellings of the Hebrew

It also had no covering mentioned (= availability).

Anointing Oil22] Moreover the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,23] Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh

five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels,

[Take thou also unto thee principal spices ...]Five Commands - the Holy Anointing Oil 1. Make holy anointing oil of: pure myrrh, 19½ lbs.; sweet

cinnamon, 9¾ lbs.; sweet calamus, 9¾ lbs.; cassia, 19½ lbs.; and olive oil, 6 qts. (Exo 30:22-25).

2. Anoint the tabernacle, ark, table of showbread and its vessels, the candlestick and its vessels, altar of incense, the brazen

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 575altar and its vessels, the laver and its foot, and sanctify them to be most holy (Exo 30:26-29).

3. Anoint Aaron and sons and consecrate them to be ministers (Exo 30:30).

4. The holy anointing oil is not to be poured on the flesh of any man (other than priests, Exo 30:30; Psa 133:2), and no man is to make any oil like it to be used in Israel (Exo 30:31-32).

5. Whoever makes any like it or puts it on a stranger shall die (Exo 30:33).

[principal spices] The best spices.

[myrrh] Myrrh is a gum which comes from the stem of a low, thorny, ragged tree growing in Arabia and East Africa.

Pure here means free flowing.

The best exudes spontaneously from the bark while the inferior comes more abundantly by splitting the bark.

Myrrh smurna (G4666), a fragrant gum used in anointing oil (Exo_30:23), perfume (Psa_45:8), and embalming (Mar_15:23; Joh_19:39).

Used only in Joh_19:39 and in Mat_2:11 in the New Testament, but in the Old Testament in Gen_37:25; Gen_43:11; Exo_30:23; Psa_45:8; Pro_7:17; Son_3:6; Son_4:6, Son_4:14; Son_5:1, Son_5:13; Est_2:12.

[five hundred shekels] A shekel weight was 240 grains, so 500 shekels would be 120,000 grains.

There were 5,760 grains to a troy and the apothecarie’s weight per pound, so 500 shekels would come to about 21 lbs.

That we must take the apothecarie’s weight of 12 ounces per pound instead of the 16 ounces of the avoirdupois weight seems clear from Exo 30:25, Exo 30:35; Exo 37:29; 2Ch 16:14; Ecc 10:1.

[cinnamon] Cinnamon comes from the dried inner rind of a tree growing in Sri Lanka and the islands of the Indian Ocean (Pro 7:17; Son 4:14; Rev 18:13).

[two hundred and fifty shekels] The 250 shekels was 10.5 lbs. (note above on shekel weight).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 576The 63 lbs. of spices and 6 quarts of olive oil were combined in some way to make a texture thin enough to pour (Exo 30:32; Psa 133:2).

The work was entrusted to Bezaleel (Exo 37:1, Exo 37:29), then to Eleazar (Num 4:16), and later to the sons of the priests (1Ch 9:30).

The fragance no doubt counteracted the stench of the butchering, burning, and cooking of animals in the tabernacle court.

The ointment was to be used freely in every generation (Exo 30:31), but not on anyone who was not a priest (Exo 30:32; Exo 29:7, Exo 29:21; Lev 10:7).

Anyone who compounded any like it to use privately or sell to others was to die (Exo 30:33).

[sweet calamus] This is a fragrant cane whose root is highly prized as a spice. It grows in Arabia and India (Exo 30:23; Son 4:14; Eze 27:19).

24] And of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive an hin:

[cassia] Cassia is the aromatic bark of a shrub resembling cinnamon. It grows in various parts of the East (Psa 45:8; Eze 27:19). The fact that cassia and the other spices were commanded to be used proves the Israelites had contact with trading caravans which visited Egypt, Syria, and Palestine.

[hin] A hin was six quarts.

25] And thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil.

[holy ointment] The apothecary compounded perfumes (Exo 30:25, Exo 30:35; Exo 37:29; 2Ch 16:14; Ecc 10:1).

He was nothing like our "pharmacist."

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26] And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the congregation therewith, and the ark of the testimony,

27] And the table and all his vessels, and the candlestick and his vessels, and the altar of incense,

28] And the altar of burnt offering with all his vessels, and the laver and his foot.

29] And thou shalt sanctify them, that they may be most holy: whatsoever toucheth them shall be holy.

30] And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister unto me in the priest’s office.

31] And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, This shall be an holy anointing oil unto me throughout your generations.

32] Upon man’s flesh shall it not be poured, neither shall ye make any other like it, after the composition of it: it is holy, and it shall be holy unto you.

33] Whosoever compoundeth any like it, or whosoever putteth any of it upon a stranger, shall even be cut off from his people.

Sweet Perfume of Spices34] And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet

spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; these sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight:

[Take unto thee sweet spices ...]Four Commands - the Holy Incense 1. Take four sweet spices: stacte, onycha, galbanum, and pure

frankincense, of equal weight to make incense or holy perfume (Exo 30:34-35)

2. Beat some of it very small and put on the altar of incense before the ark of the testimony (Exo 30:36)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5783. Do not make any like it for your own use (Exo 30:37)4. Anyone making any like it for his own use shall die (Exo 30:38)

[stacte] Stacte is supposed to be the gum of the storax tree found in the East.

[onycha] Onycha comes from a sweet smelling shell found on the shores of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.

It is said to increase the fragrance of other perfumes, and to be the basis of perfumes made in the East Indies.

[galbanum] Galbanum is the gum resin of an Asiatic plant in the parsley family.

[pure frankincense] Frankincense is the most important of the aromatic gums and is regarded by itself as a precious perfume (Son 3:6; Son 4:6, Son 4:14).

The other three spices are mentioned only here, but frankincense is mentioned 17 times.

In some Jewish rituals it was used alone (Lev 2:1-2, Lev 2:15-16; Lev 6:15; Lev 24:7; Num 5:15; 1Ch 9:29; Neh 13:5, Neh 13:9).

It was one of the gifts of the wise men to Jesus (Mat 2:11), and is named as one of the articles of commerce in future Babylon (Rev 18:13).

It comes from a tree that grows abundantly in India (Son 4:14).

Pure here refers to its abundant aroma.

[like weight] The ingredients were of equal weight and measure, but their exact weight is not stated.

35] And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy:

[perfume] qetoreth (H7004), a fumigation Translated: perfume (Exo 30:35, Exo 30:37; Pro 27:9) and incense 60 times (Exo 25:6).

[tempered together] Beaten until there was one mass.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 579Strange incense would be any kind that was not commanded to be burned on this altar (Exo_30:9, Exo_30:34-38). In Lev_10:1; Lev_16:12-13; Num_16:6-7, Num_16:17-18, Num_16:35-47

incense was offered in a censer—a bowl-shaped vessel. Burning incense was one of the most prominent rituals in divine worship which foreshadowed things to come. The heathen copied this, for many references speak of burning incense to idols (1Ki_11:8; 1Ki_12:33; 1Ki_13:1-2; 1Ki_22:43; 2Ki_12:3; 2Ki_14:4; 2Ki_15:4, 2Ki_15:35; 2Ki_16:4; 2Ki_17:11; 2Ki_18:4; 2Ki_22:17; 2Ki_23:5-8; 2Ch_25:14; 2Ch_28:3-4, 2Ch_34:25; Jer_1:16; Jer_7:9; Jer_11:12-17; Jer_18:15; Jer_19:4, Jer_19:13; Jer_32:29; Hos_2:13; Hos_4:13; Hos_11:2).

Only the priests were to offer incense (2Ch_26:16-19). Smoke of sacrifices and prayers are considered incense (Psa_66:15; Psa_141:2; Rev_5:8; Rev_8:3-4),

The kind offered daily to God was sweet incense (Exo_30:7-8, Exo_30:34-38).

Offering of incense daily was to be done perpetually (Exo_30:6-8). It is offered in heaven (Rev_8:3-4).

36] And thou shalt beat some of it very small, and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the congregation, where I will meet with thee: it shall be unto you most holy.

37] And as for the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make to yourselves according to the composition thereof: it shall be unto thee holy for the LORD.

38] Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereto, shall even be cut off from his people.

“Spices” - in Hebrew = “Smell sweetly” (Ps 45:7,8). This was very expensive, precious oil.

Four ingredients: (Remember: “The Volume of the Book is written of me.”)

1) Myrrh - of the dwarf tree of Terebirth family (found in Arabia).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 580We are familiar with it due to the gift of the wise men.

Also, from Revelation and the church of Smyrna (which is Greek for Myrrh) which speaks of death, fragrance by crushing).

It is made from gum which exudes from a tree either spontaneously or by incisions. It is mentioned 14x (8x in Song of Solomon, where it speaks of love, e.g., Song 1:13; 5:13), and also His anointing in John 19:39. Myrrh is not presented as a gift in the Millennium, as the myrrh is behind us, death is past.

2) Cinnamon - comes from Hebrew root kinna meaning “jealousy” and min meaning “appearance or form of.” One could translate cinnamon to be “the appearance or form of jealousy.” (John 2:17; SoS 4:14; 8:6). Cinnamon comes from the bark of the evergreen tree of the Laural family, typically from Ceylon.

3) Sweet Calamus - “Calamus” = reed or cane, Hebrew means “stand upright”.

Also translated Spikenard. It get its fragrance from crushing, and it grows in miry soil.

Could look at it as a bruised reed (Isa 42:3).

4) Cassice - means “stoop or bow down,” speaks of worship.

King of Tyre trafficked in Cassice (Ezek 27:19, ch 28 Satan = King of Tyre).

The anointing oil signifies the Holy Spirit. From a New Testament perspective we tend to see the Holy Spirit as free, it is interesting that in the Old Testament, it is anything but free.

This oil was very expensive.

John 14, the Holy Spirit will never testify of Himself, always invisible, even in Old Testament types, He is always unnamed.

Never imitate the work of the Holy Spirit (Acts 5, Annais and Sapphira).

Only the Priestly family anointed.

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Exodus 31Wisdom in Workmanship1] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,2] See, I have called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son

of Hur, of the tribe of Judah:[I have called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri ...]Four acts of God:1. I have called Bezaleel (Exo 31:2).2. I have filled him with the Spirit of God in wisdom,

understanding, knowledge, all manner of workmanship (Exo 31:3-5).

3. I have given Aholiab wisdom to assist him (Exo 31:6).4. I have given wisdom to all that are wise hearted to help in the

work (Exo 31:6).

[Hur] This was the Hur of Exo 17:10-12; Exo 24:14. Josephus says that he was Miriam’s husband.

3] And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship,

This is how the workers of the tabernacle received gifts to do the fine workmanship necessary to construct such a building (Exo 31:3-6; Exo 28:3; Exo 35:31).

Bezaleel had charge of the metal, stone, wood, and apothecary work (Exo 31:1-5; Exo 37:1, Exo 37:29), and

Aholiab had the textile work (Exo 31:6; Exo 35:35; Exo 38:23).

God anointed Bezaleel with the Spirit of God for all manner of workmanship.

God will also anoint us with the Holy Spirit for the true understanding and interpretation of these things.

Every detail holds spiritual significance and lesson describing the character and work of the Lord Jesus Christ.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5824] To devise cunning works, to work in gold, and in silver,

and in brass, 5] And in cutting of stones, to set them, and in carving of

timber, to work in all manner of workmanship.6] And I, behold, I have given with him Aholiab, the son of

Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan: and in the hearts of all that are wise hearted I have put wisdom, that they may make all that I have commanded thee;

7] The tabernacle of the congregation, and the ark of the testimony, and the mercy seat that is thereupon, and all the furniture of the tabernacle,

8] And the table and his furniture, and the pure candlestick with all his furniture, and the altar of incense,

9] And the altar of burnt offering with all his furniture, and the laver and his foot,

10] And the cloths of service, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest’s office,

11] And the anointing oil, and sweet incense for the holy place: according to all that I have commanded thee shall they do.

Workman chosen by Him. If you are running without being sent, you are a rebel, not a servant! All real service lies in obedience.

Gifts given as needed for ministry The people were appointed, equipped and tasked.

Cf. Isa 11:1-4, seven-fold Holy Spirit.

We see several of these alluded to in Ex 31.Judah (1st tribe) vs. 2 + Dan (last tribe) vs. 6 = all Israel represented.

Everything speaks of Jesus Christ:Gold - deity - (John 17);Silver - blood - (Ps 49:7,8; 1 Pet 1:19; Rev 5:9);Brass - judgment (2 Cor 5:21; Gal 3:13; John 3:14);Stones - His workmanship (1 Pet 2:5; Eph 2:10)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 583Aholiab = “Tent of Father”Ahisamach = “Brother of Support”

Sabbaths12] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,13] Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying, Verily

my sabbaths ye shall keep: for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you.

[Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying ...]Seven Commands - the Sabbath 1. Speak to Israel (not the church), saying: You shall keep My

sabbaths as a sign between Me and you throughout your generations (Exo 31:13, Exo 31:16).

2. You shall keep the sabbath, for it is holy to you (Exo 31:14).3. Everyone that defiles the sabbath shall be put to death.4. Whoever does any work on the sabbath shall be cut off (Exo

31:14, Exo 31:15).5. On six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall

rest (Exo 31:15).6. The children of Israel shall keep the sabbath for a perpetual

covenant (Exo 31:16).7. The sabbath shall be a sign between Me and Israel forever

(Exo 31:17).

[children of Israel]Eleven Times Israel Is Referred to Here1. Speak to children of Israel (Exo 31:13).2. My sabbaths you shall keep.3. It is a sign between Me and you.4. Throughout your generations.5. That you may know.6. That the Lord doth sanctify you (set you apart from all other

people).7. You shall keep My sabbath (Exo 31:14).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5848. It is holy to you.9. The children of Israel shall keep the sabbaths (Exo 31:16).10. Throughout their generations.11. It is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever (Exo

31:17).

Note that the above is directed strictly to Israel and not to Gentiles or the New Testament church.

[my sabbaths] Called My sabbaths, because they were to be a sign between God and Israel.

[sign between me and you] Four times the sabbath is spoken of as a sign between God and Israel (Exo 31:13, Exo 31:17; Eze 20:12, Eze 20:20).

When the old covenant was abolished the sign of that covenant was also abolished.

God predicted this (Isa 1:13; Hos 2:11) and fulfilled it in Christ (Rom 10:4; 2Co 3:6-15; Gal 3:19-25; Gal 4:21-31; Eph 2:14-16; Col 2:14-17; Heb 7:10).

[that ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you] The sabbath was not only a sign of the covenant, but also a witness to other nations that Israel was set apart to receive God’s revelation, and to bring the Messiah into the world.

"Sanctify" here indicates Israel was to remain separate for a particular calling.

14] Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unto you: every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death: for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

[keep the sabbath] Not once are Gentiles or the New Testament church commanded to keep a particular day as a sabbath, or respect any day as being holy (Rom 14:5-6; Gal 4:9-11)

In the New Testament both Jews and Gentiles are to consider every day holy and not sin.

It is not the day that makes an act sinful, but the act itself.

Transgression of the law is sin regardless of the day it takes place

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 585(1Jn 3:4).

[every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death] A man was stoned for gathering sticks on the sabbath in Num 15:32-36.

In the New Testament one is free every day for work or worship (Rom 14:4-5; Gal 4:9-11; Col 2:14-17).

15] Six days may work be done; but in the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD: whosoever doeth any work in the sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death.

[seventh is the sabbath of rest]No Sabbath Commanded in New TestamentEven if there was a special sabbath commanded in the New Testament, any seventh day after six days of work would do.

There is no proof that Saturday is the day God rested in Gen 2:3-4.

We just know He rested on the seventh day from the time He began the work of re-creation.

Calendars have changed and no one knows what the original seventh day was.

It is not the purpose of this work to do away with a day of rest and worship, but to warn against unbiblical claims and show that the religious observance of days, times, and seasons merits nothing from God.

As a matter of practice, Sunday has historically been observed as the day of rest and worship by Christians; but as a matter of biblical law no definite obligation is given to Christians.

Even Sunday is only a calendar appointed tradition as the first day of the week.

16] Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 58617] It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever:

for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed.

“Was refreshed” - new statement, not found in Genesis 3:2,3, nor Ex 20:8-11.

[for ever]Eternal Sabbath - Not for the ChurchSome argue that, because the Mosaic sabbath was to be eternal, it was to be observed by Christians, but it must be kept in mind that eternal terms are used of sacrifices and many other things in the law of Moses.

If we can prove that the sabbaths of Israel, by being eternal, are for us today, we can likewise prove the offerings, sacrifices and various rituals are also, for all are referred to with eternal terms in the law of Moses.

See Thirty-three Perpetual Statutes.

[made heaven and earth] See Gen 1:1-2, notes.

Isa 45:18 For thus says the LORD, Who created the heavens, Who is God, Who formed the earth and made it, Who has established it, Who did not create it in vain, Who formed it to be inhabited: "I am the LORD, and there is no other.

Jer 33:2 "Thus says the LORD who made it, the LORD who formed it to establish it (the LORD is His name):

[rested] Purpose of God’s RestGod rested on the seventh day because His work for the time being was finished (Gen 1:31; Gen 2:1-4).

If it had not been finished He would have continued working on the seventh day as He has ever since the fall of man. If some good act had been needful He would have performed it, for this is what He taught through His Son (Mat 12:1-8; Mark 2:23-3:5; Luk 13:10-17; Joh 5:1-16; Joh 9:1-41).

[refreshed] What a revealing statement! Compare Exo 31:17 with Exo 23:12; 2Sa 16:14.

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18] And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God.

[end of communing with him upon mount Sinai] This was at the end of forty days of fasting on Sinai (Exo 24:12-18; Deu 9:9-18), when he got

revelation on the tabernacle (Exo 25:1-27:21; Exo 30:1-21),

priesthood, garments, and services (Exodus 28:1-29:46), anointing oil and incense (Exo 30:22-38), workmen (Exo 31:1-11), and instructions on the sabbath (Exo 31:12-18).

Moses was now ready for his sixth descent from the mount .

[two tables of testimony, tables of stone] God told Moses (Exo 24:12) to come up to the mount to receive the tables of stone.

[finger of God] This should be taken as literally as Dan 5:5, Dan 5:24; Joh 8:6.

There is no proof it is figurative of the power of God as in Exo 8:19; Luk 11:20.

It is plainly stated that the writing was done with the finger of God; since He does have hands and fingers it should be taken literally (Exo 24:12; Exo 31:18; Exo 32:14-15; Exo 34:27-28; Deu 5:22; Deu 9:10; 2Co 3:6).

The Sabbath is mentioned three times in the book of Exodus (16:23-29; ch 20 in commandments; here in ch 31).1) Rest of God. (Anticipatory of millennium.)2) Sign of sanctification (symbol of covenant relationship between

Jehovah and Israel). Only valid for those who keep it.

Sign of those who positionally have entered into His Rest. Israel is to represent their resting in Him by resting on the 7th day.

We are to enter into His rest in our Christian walk (see the book of Hebrews).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 588The Sabbath typifies entering into His Rest, and prophetically typifies the Millennium.

3) “God was refreshed” (Ex 31:17) see Zeph 3:17.4) Prophetical rest. 2 Pet 3:3-8

Concept of creation is linked to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.

Concept of Evolution releases one from accountability for actions.

The concept of creation goes together with the concept of a final reckoning.) Gen 2:2,3; Rev 20; 21:3-5.

Personal responsibility.

God rests for one day (or 1000 years) in the Millennium (Isa 65).

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Exodus 32The Golden CalfEach of our lives also have “golden calves” of our own.

Remember that this Word has application in our own lives too! We all have something that tends to compete and often displace the primacy of God in our life.

Notice that this occurs when the leader is absent Eve apparently got into trouble when Adam was not present.

Some scholars see 40 as the number of probation or testing; Moses was gone 40 days and 40 nights on the mount.

1] And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up,make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.

“As for this Moses” - even through translation we can pick up the condescending nature of their speech.“Man who ...” - God brought them out!

[when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount] This must have been about the thirty-eighth or thirty-ninth of the forty days he spent in the mount.

In Exo 32:5 it is stated that tomorrow would be the feast. They had finished the golden calf which could have been molded and engraved in a day if materials were ready.

The day of the feast was the day Moses came down (Exo 32:5-28).

[people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron] The people were determined to have a god made for them and return to Egypt (Exo 32:1, Exo 32:22; Act 7:39-40). Unfortunately, in Moses’ absence Aaron had no backbone.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 590He went along with their plan to return to Egypt (Exo 32:1-6).

[Up, make us gods] This broke the first and second commandment and their vow to obey God and the law (Exo 20:3-6; Exo 24:3, Exo 24:7).

[as for this Moses] This was contemptuous of Moses who saved them from slavery and proved the supernatural power of their God who had forbidden such action (Exo 20:3-6).

Moses referred to this act of apostasy in Deu 9:8-21, Deu 9:25-29; Deu 10:1-11.

[we wot not what is become of him] Perhaps some thought Moses had been consumed by the fire which enveloped the mount (Exo 19:16-18; Exo 24:16-18).

2] And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me.

[golden earrings ... bring them unto me] This was the first time earrings and other jewelry were given (Exo 32:2-6). The next time it was to make the tabernacle (Exo 35:22-29).

[sons] In the east, both men and women wore earrings, nose rings, finger rings, gold bracelets, chains, and other ornaments; among Romans, Greeks, and Western people, it was mainly women (Exo 35:22; Num 31:50; Isa 3:19-21; Eze 16:11-12).

Even camels wore chains (Jdg 8:26).

3] And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron.

4] And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

[he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool ...]Fourteen Steps in Aaron ’s Backsliding 1. He listened to the people in their criticism of Moses (Exo 31:1).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5912. Went along with the seditious mob for fear of being unpopular

(Exo 32:1, Exo 32:22).3. Agreed with them to make an idol (Exo 31:2).4. Received gold from the people to make an idol (Exo 31:4).5. Made a golden calf to worship.6. Built an altar before it (Exo 31:5).7. Made a proclamation of a feast to it, calling it Jehovah.8. Sacrificed to it (Exo 31:6).9. Sanctioned licentious eating, drinking, singing, dancing,

honoring the idol (Exo 32:6, Exo 32:19).10. Worshiped the calf (Exo 31:8).11. Claimed the calf was God who led them out of Egypt.12. Laid the blame of sin upon others (Exo 32:21-23).13. Lied about making the calf (Exo 31:1-18; 24).14. Exposed the whole nation to the wrath of God and their

enemies (Exo 32:1-35; Exo 25:1-40).

[calf] The idol was the same as the chief Egyptian god, a young bull called Apis, which was worshipped at Memphis near the land of Goshen.

Israel worshipped idols in Egypt (Jos 24:14; Eze 20:8; Exo 23:3-8).

[gods] ’elohiym (H430) Aaron and the backsliders in Israel called an idol Jehovah - the name used for God 2,347 times in Scripture (Exo 32:1, Exo 32:4, Exo 32:8, Exo 32:23, Exo 32:31).

5] And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the LORD.

[To morrow] A great fall in a short time - to credit a molten calf with the miracles that God had performed to bring them out of Egypt!

[LORD] Aaron not only called his idol ’Elohiym (H430) (Exo 32:4), but here he called it Jehovah (Jehovah (H3068)!

[“Feast to the Lord”] - not to the golden calf. Also, feasts had not yet been ordained.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 592There are no feasts in the third or fourth month. Form of false ritualism.

6] And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.

[rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt offerings ...]Six Religious Activities of Israel1. Making preparation for worship (Exo 32:1-4)2. Proclamation of worship (Exo 32:5)3. Gathering for worship (Exo 32:6)4. Offerings burnt and peace offerings5. Eating and drinking the sacrifices and drink offerings6. Singing, dancing, shouting (Exo 32:17-19)

Some of these activities could be lawfully carried on in worship to God, but not to idols.

This shows that outward manifestations of worship, sacrifices of gold and other valuables, shouting, dancing, and singing in themselves are no proof of a spiritual experience with God (2Ti 3:5).

[play] Idolatrous Festivities"Play" is from tsachaq (H6711), "to laugh outright in merriment or scorn; to sport; mock; play the whore." Translated "play" (Exo 32:6; cp. Gen 38:24; Lev 21:9; Deu

22:21; Jdg 19:2; Jer 3:1-8; Eze 16:15-16, Eze 16:28, Eze 16:41; Eze 23:5, Eze 23:19, Eze 23:44);

"mock" (Gen 19:14; Gen 21:9; Gen 39:14-17); "sport" (Gen 26:8; Jdg 16:25); and "laugh" (Gen 17:17; Gen 18:12-15; Gen 21:6).

"Play" is used of fornication in all the above passages and mock is connected with it in Gen 39:14.All idol gods had consecrated women devoted to immoral practices.

This is why worship was carried on in groves or high places where trees were planted - places of seclusion (Exo 34:13;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 593Deu 7:5; Deu 12:3; Deu 16:21; Jdg 3:7; Jdg 6:25-30; 1Ki 14:15, 1Ki 14:23; 1Ki 15:13; 1Ki 16:33; 1Ki 18:19; 2Ki 13:6; 2Ki 17:10, 2Ki 17:16; 2Ch 17:6; 2Ch 19:3; 2Ch 24:18; 2Ch 31:1; 2Ch 33:3, 2Ch 33:19; 2Ch 34:3-7; Isa 17:8; Isa 27:9; Jer 17:2; Mic 5:14).

This is how the priests of idols made their living, as is still practiced in many pagan countries.

The children of Israel may have explored the depths of such idolatry, because the Lord said they had "corrupted themselves" (Exo 32:7).

If so, not only were the two commandments regarding other gods and idolatry broken (Exo 20:1-6), but also

taking God’s name in vain (Exo 20:7), dishonoring parents (Exo 20:12), adultery (Exo 20:14), lying (Exo 20:16), and coveting (Exo 20:17).

Actually, Israel had sunk so low in sin and moral depravity during these days of the absence of Moses that God was literally ready to destroy the whole nation!

He promised to do so and to raise up another nation from the seed of Moses, if Moses would be willing.

However, Moses interceded for the nation until God changed His mind and spared the people.

If Moses had accepted this, God’s plan for Israel to occupy Canaan would have been postponed indefinitely and the fulfillment of many prophecies would have been delayed.

God hates idolatry and immorality and is determined to rid the earth of them.

This is an obvious intent to offend God. They were giving of themselves in rebellion. Only 5 months earlier they had sung: Ex 15:2.

Ex 20 has the 10 commandments, they broke all the commandments... Cf Acts 7,

What they are specifically doing here is rejecting the set commandments and the worship that they were called upon to give.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 594They are casting off allegiance to God, in their hearts they had turned back to Egypt (= the world).

We too turn back to the world, replacing our allegiance. Worshiped Egyptian gods, Josh 24:14; Deut 32, lacked faith

They were overthrown in the wilderness, 1 Cor 10:1-6. Rev 2- 3 each letter aimed at “overcoming,” so that we are not overthrown.

1 John climaxes with “keep yourselves from idols.”

The point of Exodus 32 is not just the worship of the golden calf. There was golden calf worship in Egypt, the god of Apis (Neh 9:18; Ps 106:19; Jer 10:3-5). Ps 106:21-23,

God would have wiped them out but Moses stood in the way, Moses is a type of Christ in the role of intercessor.

Discussion of Stiff-necked People7] And the LORD said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy

people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves:

“Thy people” - He just disowned them...

[Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves] God did not tell Moses of their plot to break the law; instead He waited to see how far they would go.

[corrupted themselves]Seven Accusations from GodThey have:

1. corrupted themselves (Exo 32:7).2. turned aside quickly (Exo 32:8).3. made a molten image.4. worshiped it.5. sacrificed to it.6. claimed it to be the god that led them out of Egypt.7. been stiffnecked (Exo 32:9).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 5958] They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I

commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

[turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them]

A clear example of backsliding and having one’s name blotted out of the book of life (Exo 32:32-33).

9] And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people:

10] Now therefore let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them: and I will make of thee a great nation.

[let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them] God seemed to resist showing mercy here, but Moses did not yet know Israel’s as God did.

When he learned how serious it was, he himself executed 3,000 people (Exo 32:26-28).

[consume them] This is proof God will cut off any people who return to sin.

[I will make of thee a great nation] What an opportunity for Moses, if he had been selfish! It proves that God’s covenants with Israel were based on obedience.

Moses Entreats the Lord11] And Moses besought the LORD his God, and said, LORD,

why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people, which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand?

[LORD, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people] God generally seeks to calm man, but here man was seeking to calm the hot anger of God (cp. Jon 4:1-9). God is slow to anger (Psa 103:9; Psa 145:8), so He must

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 596have been provoked many times up to now (Deu 4:25; Deu 9:18; Deu 31:29; Deu 32:16, Deu 32:21; cp. Num 14:22).

[thy people, which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt] Here Moses called them God’s people whom He brought out of Egypt, but in Exo 32:7 God called them Moses’ people whom he brought out.

With neither claiming them they were at this time orphans indeed.

12] Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people.

[Wherefore should the Egyptians speak ...]Twofold argument of Moses:1. What the Egyptians will say. Enemies in all ages could have

used the same argument against God.2. Remember the covenants (Exo 32:13). This persuaded God

to change His mind and have mercy again (Exo 32:14).

Moses presents the case on several grounds: 1) ownership, your people; 2) His grace; 3) His Glory; 4) His Faithfulness.

We never want to give the opportunity for the enemies of God to blaspheme.

13] Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it for ever.

[swarest by thine own self] Seventeen Things God Has Sworn About1. To multiply Abraham’s descendants as the sand and stars

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 597(Gen_22:16-17)

2. Israel shall have final victory over her enemies (Gen_22:17).3. All nations will be blessed through Abraham’s descendants

(Gen_22:18).4. Continual war with Amalek (Exo_17:16).5. Israel will be given the promised land for an eternal possession

(Gen_15:18-21; Gen_17:8).6. Israel not to enter the promised land (Num_14:26-35;

Psa_95:11).7. Judgment upon Eli’s house (1Sa_3:14).8. David’s seed and throne eternal (Psa_89:3-4, Psa_89:35-37;

Psa_132:11; 2Sa_7:1-29).9. Christ an eternal priest (Psa_110:4).10. Every knee will bow and every tongue confess (Isa_45:23;

Php_2:9-11).11. No more universal floods (Isa_54:9; cp. Gen_8:21;

Gen_9:11-12).12. No Jew in Egypt in Jeremiah’s day to escape death

(Jer_44:26-27).13. Bozrah will be an everlasting curse (Isa_34:1-17; Jer_49:13).14. Defeat of Babylon (Jer_51:14).15. Captivity of Israel (Amo_4:2; Amo_6:8).16. Resurrection of Christ (Act_2:30).17. No unbeliever shall enter eternal rest (Heb_3:11; Heb_4:1-9;

Psa_95:11)..

Three Predictions of God1. I will multiply your seed as the stars (Gen 13:16; Gen 14:5;

Gen 17:2-6, Gen 17:15-19; Gen 22:17; Gen 26:3-4, Gen 26:24; Gen 28:3-4, Gen 28:13-15; Gen 32:12; Gen 35:11-12).

2. All this land I will give your seed (Gen 12:7; Gen 13:14-17; Gen 15:18-21; Gen 26:3-4; Gen 28:3-4, Gen 28:13-15; Gen 35:11-12).

3. They shall inherit it forever (Gen 13:15; Gen 17:7-8).

[inherit it for ever] Gen 15:18-21; Gen 17:8; Eze 48:1-35Lord’s faithfulness. Note “Abraham, Isaac and Israel” not

“Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.”

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 598Moses is reminding God of His promises (God hasn’t forgotten, Moses is showing that he too has not forgotten them).

14] And the LORD repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people.

[repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people] God is capable of all feelings, emotions, and right desires, as we are.

God is a Spirit Being, not the sun, moon, stars; nor an image of wood, stone, or metal; and not beast or man.

He is not the air, wind, universal mind, love or some impersonal quality.

He is a person with a personal spirit body, a personal soul, and a personal spirit, like that of angels, and like that of man except His body is of spirit substance instead of flesh and bones (Job_13:8; Heb_1:3).

He has a personal spirit body (Dan_7:9-14; Dan_10:5-19);shape (Joh_5:37);form (Php_2:5-7);image and likeness of a man (Gen_1:26; Gen_9:6; Eze_1:26-

28; 1Co_11:7; Jas_3:9).

He has physical parts such as, back parts (Exo_33:23), heart (Gen_6:6; Gen_8:21), hands and fingers (Psa_8:3-6; Heb_1:10; Rev_5:1-7), mouth (Num_12:8), lips and tongue (Isa_30:27), feet (Eze_1:27; Exo_24:10),eyes (Psa_11:4; Psa_18:24; Psa_33:18), ears (Psa_18:6), hair, head, face, arms (Dan_7:9-14; Dan_10:5-19; Rev_5:1-

7; Rev_22:4-6), loins (Eze_1:26-28; Eze_8:1-4), and other physical parts.

He has bodily presence (Gen_3:8;Gen_18:1-22)

and goes from place to place in a body like all other persons (Gen_3:8; Gen_11:5; Gen_18:1-5, Gen_18:22,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 599Gen_18:33; Gen_19:24; Gen_32:24-32; Gen_35:13; Zec_14:5; Dan_7:9-14; Tit_2:13).

He has a voice (Psa_29:1-11; Rev_10:3-4);breath (Gen_2:7);and countenance (Psa_11:7).

He wears clothes (Dan_7:9-14; Dan_10:5-19);eats (Gen_18:1-8; Exo_24:11);rests (Gen_2:1-4; Heb_4:4);dwells in a mansion and in a city located on a material planet

called Heaven (Joh_14:1-3; Heb_11:10-16; Heb_13:14; Rev_21:1-27);

sits on a throne (Isa_6:1-13; Dan_7:9-14; Rev_4:1-5; Rev_22:3-6);

walks (Gen_3:8; Gen_18:1-8, Gen_18:22, Gen_18:33);rides (Psa_18:10; Psa_68:17; Psa_104:3; Eze_1:1-28);and engages in other activities.

He has a personal soul with feelings of grief (Gen_6:6), anger (1Ki_11:9), repentance (Gen_6:6), jealousy (Exo_20:5), hate (Pro_6:16), love (Joh_3:16), pity (Psa_103:13), fellowship (1Jn_1:1-7), pleasure and delight (Psa_147:10), and other soul passions like other beings (Gal_5:22-23).

He has a personal spirit (Psa_143:10; Isa_30:1) with mind (Rom_11:34), intelligence (Gen_1:26; Rom_11:33), will (Rom_8:27; Rom_9:19), power (Eph_1:19; Eph_3:7, Eph_3:20; Heb_1:3), truth (Psa_91:4), faith and hope (Rom_12:3; 1Co_13:13), righteousness (Psa_45:4), faithfulness (1Co_10:13), knowledge and wisdom (Isa_11:2; 1Ti_1:17), reason (Isa_1:18), discernment (Heb_4:12), immutability (Heb_6:17),

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 600and many other attributes, powers, and spirit faculties.

He has been seen physically many times (Gen_18:1-33; Gen_32:24-30; Exo_24:9-11; Jos_5:13-15; Isa_6:1-13; Dan_7:9-13; Eze_1:1-28; Act_7:56-59; Rev. 4-5), and can be understood by the things that are made.

Man is the visible image and likeness making the invisible God clearly seen as in Rom_1:20.Gen_1:26 Then God said, "Let Us make man in Our image,

according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." 27 So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

God does not change, here He wanted Moses to fight for it, to commit to being the intercessor. Moses as mediator.

Insubordination, alienation from God (Eph 4).Heb 11, Moses as a type. (Phil 2:5-11; 1 Cor 10:31; Num 14;

Deut 9).There go you and I. We are no better. Look at Adam, Nadab and Abihu, Joshua with Ai...

Always on the heels of a great victory that we have a dismal failure. The Holy Spirit is trying to teach us that we need a mediator.

Moses is a type of Christ, here his role of intercession on behalf of his people.

Moses Descends the Mount15] And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and

the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.

[went down from the mount] Sixth descent of Moses

Only two places in Scripture where there is an emphasis on something being written on both sides

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 601that which condemns andthat which redeems, Rev 5, sealed scroll

16] And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.

17] And when Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said unto Moses, There is a noise of war in the camp.

18] And he said, It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery, neither is it the voice of them that cry for being overcome: but the noise of them that sing do I hear.

19] And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses’ anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount.

[anger waxed hot] When Moses was not angry he sought to appease God (Exo 32:11), but when he became angry over the same thing, he saw God’s justice and executed 3,000 people (Exo 32:19-28).

[cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them] When Moses saw the idolatrous worship, he did what God would have done if it had not been for Moses’ pleading (Exo 32:10).

20] And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and strawed it upon the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it.

[burnt it in the fire, and gound it to powder] It was melted, beaten to thin plates, and ground to powder.

Gold dust could easily float and be swallowed with water (Deu 9:21).

21] And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?

Aaron was responsible for their sin, for if he’d been firm it would not have happened.

He blamed the people, claiming he had to give in to their

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 602desires (Exo 32:22-23).

His most ridiculous claim was that a calf spontaneously and unexpectedly came out of the fire (Exo 32:24).

22] And Aaron said, Let not the anger of my lord wax hot: thou knowest the people, that they are set on mischief.

23] For they said unto me, Make us gods, which shall go before us: for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.

24] And I said unto them, Whosoever hath any gold, let them break it off. So they gave it me: then I cast it into the fire, and there came out this calf.

25] And when Moses saw that the people were naked; (for Aaron had made them naked unto their shame among their enemies:)

[naked] para‛ (H6544), "to loosen; expose; uncover" (2Ch 28:19). It is also translated "bare" (Lev 13:45);

"avenging" (Jdg 5:2);"avoid" (Pro 4:15); "nought" (Pro 1:25); "perish" (Pro 29:18); "refuse" (Pro 8:33); "refuseth" (Pro 13:18; Pro 15:32); and "uncover" (Lev 10:6; Lev 21:10; Num 5:18).

By allowing their deviant behavior, Aaron caused Israel to be exposed to God’s judgments and the vengeance of their enemies without His protection.

It could also refer to the nakedness of the people in idolatrous orgies.

Who is on the Lord’s Side?26] Then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who

is on the LORD’S side? let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together unto him.

[all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together unto him]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 603The Levites quickly responded to Moses’ call to be on the Lord’s side and slay all - even close relatives - who continued to sin.

Three thousand were executed (Exo 32:26-28).

27] And he said unto them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbour.

[Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother] This threefold command - take your swords, go, and slay - was

to those on the Lord’s side.

28] And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.Tribe of Levi, Gen 24, rough men.No compromise. No covering up. No fooling around about sin.

Types: our sword is the Word;3000 slain, next time 3000 in Acts 2, 3000 are saved !

29] For Moses had said, Consecrate yourselves to day to the LORD, even every man upon his son, and upon his brother; that he may bestow upon you a blessing this day.

Be consecrated unto the Lord, as He wants to bless you!

[Consecrate yourselves]male’ (H4390) yad (H3027), fill your hands.

Various versions read differently: "Be installed as priests to the Eternal this day" (Moffatt); "Your hands today have worked for the Ever-living; thus each man has gained himself a blessing through his son, and through his brother" (Fenton);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 604"You are installed today for the Lord, because each one was against his son and against his brother" (Berkeley); "Consecrate your hand today to Jehovah" (Young); "Fill your hands today for the Lord, every one with his son or with his brother that a blessing may be bestowed upon you."

According to these renderings the thought is that of filling their hands with the consecration offerings and being consecrated as priests that day (to fulfill Exo 29:1-35); or of filling their hands with swords to slay sons and brothers who continued in rebellion.

30] And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses said unto the people, Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the LORD; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin.

[on the morrow] After the forty-day fast on Sinai and after the golden calf experience (Exo 32:1-29).

[Ye have sinned a great sin] Moses charged Israel with sin without any promise of forgiveness, but assured them he would do what he could to obtain forgiveness for them.

[atonement for your sin] No sin can be forgiven without proper atonement (Mat 26:28; Heb 9:22).

31] And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold.

[Moses returned] Seventh ascent of Moses

[Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold.]

Much of our praying is telling God things He already knows (Exo 32:8, Exo 32:31).

Much of our praying is complaining about what we think we need.

Mat 6:25-34 NKJV … 32 For after all these things the Gentiles seek. For your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things. 33 But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added to you…,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 605We ask for God’s will and depend on His provision.

Mat 7:7-11 NKJV "Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. 8 For everyone who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened. 9 Or what man is there among you who, if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone? 10 Or if he asks for a fish, will he give him a serpent? 11 If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father who is in heaven give good things to those who ask Him!

32] Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin—; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written.

[blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book] Compare the depths of his intercession with Paul’s intercession in Rom 9:3.

Moses believed that names could be blotted out of God’s book.

Don’t confuse the various books:Num 14, the Book of the Wars of the Lord;Ps 69:28 and Isa 4:3 Book of the Living;Mal 3:16, Book of Rememberance;Rev 20:12, Lamb’s Book of Life.

It is clear that God is keeping several books with names and records of deeds.

Rev 20:15 And anyone not found written in the Book of Life was cast into the lake of fire.

The Book of LifeThis is the first mention of the book of God in which the names of the righteous are written.

It is referred to in Scripture under various terms: "Thy book" and "My book" (Exo 32:32-33); "the book of the living" (Psa 69:28); "the book" (Dan 12:1); "the book of life" (Php 4:3; Rev 3:5; Rev 13:8; Rev 17:8;

Rev 20:11-15; Rev 22:18-19); and "the Lamb’s book of life" (Rev 21:27).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 606Just as we have several names for the Bible –

"the holy scriptures" (Rom 1:2; 2Ti 3:15); "the oracles of God" (Rom 3:2; Heb 5:12; 1Pe 4:11); "the law and the prophets" (Luk 24:25-44); "the word of God" (Mar 7:13; Rom 10:17; Heb 4:12); "the sword of the Spirit" (Eph 6:17); and others

- so we have several names for the book of life.Here God confirmed Moses’ belief that names can and will be blotted out of the book of life when men incur the eternal death penalty (Exo 32:33).

The psalmist predicted it in the case of Judas (Psa 69:20-28). Christ warned of it regarding all who would not overcome sin (Rev 3:5; Rev 22:18-19).

This - God’s word, not man’s - is definite, not doubtful; it is universal and eternal in application, not local and limited.

Twelve Times that the Book of God Is Mentioned1. Blot me out of Thy book which You have written (Exo 32:32).2. Whosoever hath sinned against Me, him will I blot out of My

book (Exo 32:33).3. Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and not be

written with the righteous (Psa 69:28; Psa 109:13).4. Thy people shall be delivered (translated), every one that shall

be found written in the book (Dan 12:1).5. Rejoice, because your names are written in heaven (Luk

10:20).6. Whose names are in the book of life (Php 4:3).7. He that overcometh ... I will not blot out his name out of the

book of life (Rev 3:5).8. Names not written in the book of life (Rev 13:8; Rev 17:8).9. Another book was opened, which is the book of life (Rev

20:11-12).10. Whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast

into the lake of fire (Rev 20:15).11. They which are written in the Lamb’s book of life (Rev 21:27).12. God shall take away his part out of the book of life (Rev

22:18-19).

Seven Uses of "Blotting Out"

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6071. Curses (Num 5:23)2. Names under heaven (Deu 9:14; Deu 29:20; 2Ki 14:27)3. The rememberance of Amalek (Deu 25:19)4. Transgressions (Psa 51:1; Isa 43:25; Isa 44:22)5. Iniquities (Psa 51:9)6. Sins (Act 3:19)7. Law of Moses (Col 2:14-17)In all the above cases the meaning is clear - a complete cancellation of whatever was blotted out. A name blotted out of the book of life means it is no longer in the book; likewise, sins that are blotted out are no longer held against a person.Col 2:11-15 KJV  In whom also ye are circumcised with the

circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ:  12  Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead.  13  And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses;  14  Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; 15  And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it.

33] And the LORD said unto Moses, Whosoever hath sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.

34] Therefore now go, lead the people unto the place of which I have spoken unto thee: behold, mine Angel shall go before thee: nevertheless in the day when I visit I will visit their sin upon them.There are two predictions of God here:1. My angel shall go before you2. I will visit their sin upon them

[go, lead the people] Seventh descent Moses’ original commission was renewed after the law was broken (Exo 32:1-33) and God had been moved to go on with His original plan to lead Israel into Canaan.

The plan had been cancelled and God wanted to raise up

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 608a nation through Moses to fulfill the Abrahamic covenant (Exo 32:7-14).

[nevertheless in the day when I visit I will visit their sin upon them] This may refer to the fact that even though God spared them He was determined that the old generation would not enter Canaan (Num 14:28-35).

Num 32:23  But if ye will not do so, behold, ye have sinned against the LORD: and be sure your sin will find you out. 

Gal 6:7-8 KJV  Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.  8  For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.

35] And the LORD plagued the people, because they made the calf, which Aaron made.

[plagued the people] This may have been in addition to the 3,000 killed in Exo 32:28.

How many lives the plague took is not stated.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 609

Exodus 33Stiff-necked People1] And the LORD said unto Moses, Depart, and go up hence,

thou and the people which thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt, unto the land which I sware unto Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, Unto thy seed will I give it:

[thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt] God recognized the part Moses played in leading Israel out of Egypt.

[sware unto Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob] Psa 89:34-35 KJV  My covenant will I not break, nor alter the

thing that is gone out of my lips.  35  Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David.

Seventeen Things God Has Sworn About1. To multiply Abraham’s descendants as the sand and stars

(Gen_22:16-17)2. Israel shall have final victory over her enemies (Gen_22:17).3. All nations will be blessed through Abraham’s descendants

(Gen_22:18).4. Continual war with Amalek (Exo_17:16).5. Israel will be given the promised land for an eternal possession

(Gen_15:18-21; Gen_17:8).6. Israel not to enter the promised land (Num_14:26-35;

Psa_95:11).7. Judgment upon Eli’s house (1Sa_3:14).8. David’s seed and throne eternal (Psa_89:3-4, Psa_89:35-37;

Psa_132:11; 2Sa_7:1-29).9. Christ an eternal priest (Psa_110:4).10. Every knee will bow and every tongue confess (Isa_45:23;

Php_2:9-11).11. No more universal floods (Isa_54:9; cp. Gen_8:21;

Gen_9:11-12).12. No Jew in Egypt in Jeremiah’s day to escape death

(Jer_44:26-27).13. Bozrah will be an everlasting curse (Isa_34:1-17; Jer_49:13).14. Defeat of Babylon (Jer_51:14).15. Captivity of Israel (Amo_4:2; Amo_6:8).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 61016. Resurrection of Christ (Act_2:30).

17. No unbeliever shall enter eternal rest (Heb_3:11; Heb_4:1-9; Psa_95:11).

[Unto thy seed will I give it] This is the second renewal of Moses’ original commission to lead

Israel into Canaan (cp. Exo 32:34).

There are three predictions of God here:1. Unto your seed will I give the land.2. I will send My angel before you (Exo 33:2).3. I will drive out your enemies.

2] And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:

[And I will send an angel before thee] God now promised to send an angel to lead them into Canaan, instead of going Himself, as He had been.

3] Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.

[milk and honey] This is figurative of all good things.

It is used twenty times (Exo 3:8, Exo 3:17; Exo 13:5; Exo 33:3; Lev 20:24; Num 13:27; Num 14:8; Num 16:3-14; Deu 6:3; Deu 11:9; Deu 26:9, Deu 26:15; Deu 27:3; Deu 31:20; Jos 5:6; Jer 11:5; Jer 32:22; Eze 20:6, Eze 20:15).

[lest I consume thee in the way.] He said they were so stiffnecked He might destroy them on the way (Exo 33:2-3). God resigned, but His resignation was not accepted.

Israel repented, prayed, and mourned (Exo 33:4-10), and Moses interceded for God to change His decision until He favored him again (Exo 33:11-17).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 611

4] And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and no man did put on him his ornaments.

Exodus 33:4[when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and

no man did put on him his ornaments] This was after Moses rebuked them for sin and put them on probation (Exo 33:4-6).

5] For the LORD had said unto Moses, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye are a stiffnecked people: I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment, and consume thee: therefore now put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee.

6] And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by the mount Horeb.

[I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment, and consume thee]

God was still undecided as to what action to take, though Moses had persuaded Him against immediate destruction (Exo 32:7-14).

God’s anger was still hot over their sin, and they were put on probation until He determined what He would do with them.

[put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee] No man dared put on his ornaments while God was undecided as to their punishment (Exo 33:4-6).

It was the custom in those days for both men and women to wear ornaments (Exo 32:3-4, Exo 32:24; Exo 35:22).

Tent of Meeting7] And Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the

camp, afar off from the camp, and called it the Tabernacle of the congregation. And it came to pass, that every one

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 612which sought the LORD went out unto the tabernacle of the congregation, which was without the camp.

“Tabernacle” - in Hebrew = tent (don’t confuse with a different word for Tabernacle = “dwelling place.”)

The Tent of meeting was outside of camp.

[tabernacle] The tabernacle of Exodus 25:1-27:21; Exodus 36:1-40:38 had not been made yet, so this must be the temporary tent used for sacrifices.

[without the camp, afar off from the camp] God had been dwelling in their midst, but now it was uncertain whether He would continue in their midst, so He had His tent moved from their camp (Exo 33:3-11; Heb 13:13).

This indicated the seriousness of sin and the uncertainty of Israel’s relationship with God who was ready to destroy them.

The rabbis say that the tent was removed 2,000 cubits or 3000 feet – over half a mile.

[Tabernacle of the congregation]The Mosaic Tabernacle’ohel (H168), tent, dwelling.

It is translated "tent" 141 times (Gen 9:21; Gen 12:8; Gen 13:3; Gen 18:1);

"tabernacle" 198 times (Exo 26:9, Exo 26:13-35); "dwelling" (Job 8:22; Job 21:28; Psa 52:5; Psa 91:10); "covering" (Exo 26:7); and "home" (Jdg 19:9).

The mishkan (H4908) is translated "tabernacle" 119 times, referring to the tabernacle of Moses and the temple of Solomon, or God’s dwelling among men.

It is never translated "temple" or "house," but translated "dwell," meaning that God dwells there (Psa 26:8; Psa 49:11; Psa 74:7; Psa 87:2; 1Ch 6:32) and

the "dwelling place" of man (Job 18:21; Job 21:28; Job 39:6; Isa 32:18; Jer 9:19; Jer 30:18; Jer 51:30; Eze 25:4;

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 613Hab 1:6).

The two words are used interchangeably referring to the same tabernacle made at Sinai.

Compare ’ohel (H168) (Exo 26:9; Exo 27:21; Exo 35:11; Exo 36:37; Exo 38:8, Exo 38:30; Exo 40:12)

with mishkan (H4908) used in the same chapters of the same dwelling place of God (Exo 26:1, Exo 26:6-7, Exo 26:12-35; Exo 27:9, Exo 27:19; Exo 35:11, Exo 35:15, Exo 35:18; Exo 36:8-32; Exo 38:20-21, Exo 38:31; Exo 40:2-38).

’Ohel (H168) is also used in one place of the tabernacle of the congregation in Israel before the tabernacle commanded at Sinai was made (Exo 33:7-11).

Eight Names of Moses ’ Tabernacle 1. The tabernacle of the congregation (133 times, Exo 27:21;

Exo 28:43; Exo 29:4, Exo 29:10-11)2. The tabernacle of the tent of the congregation (Exo 39:32; Exo

40:2, Exo 40:6, Exo 40:29)3. The tabernacle (Exo 40:28; Num 1:50)4. The tabernacle of the Lord (Lev 17:4)5. The tabernacle of testimony (Num 1:50-53)6. The tabernacle of witness (Num 17:7)7. The Lord’s tabernacle (Jos 22:19)8. The tabernacle of the house of God (1Ch 6:48)

The whole building, the outer court and the holy and most holy places, were called the tabernacle. In Heb 9:1-8 the holy and most holy places are called the first and second tabernacle.

8] And it came to pass, when Moses went out unto the tabernacle, that all the people rose up, and stood every man at his tent door, and looked after Moses, until he was gone into the tabernacle.

[every man at his tent door] That is, every one who could see from his tent door.

Those with tents in the back rows and on the far sides of the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 614camp would not be able to see Moses enter the tent.

9] And it came to pass, as Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended, and stood at the door of the tabernacle, and the LORD talked with Moses.

[cloudy pillar descended, and stood at the door of the tabernacle] God came down to meet Moses and convince the people of His respect for him.

Note that it wasn’t already there as in the past.

[LORD talked with Moses] This was a normal conversation with audible voices as two people would talk face to face, friend to friend (Exo 33:9-11).

There is no indication here that God spoke to Moses by some sort of mental impression via an invisible presence or in anyway other than in a literal, visible, face to face conversation.

This may be objected to on the grounds that God said "My face shall not be seen" (Exo 33:23), but this referred to His infinite glory and the light He dwells in, which no man has seen nor can see (1Ti 6:16).

God’s face outside of His glory has been seen by many men with their natural eyes.

10] And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand at the tabernacle door: and all the people rose up and worshipped, every man in his tent door.

11] And the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend. And he turned again into the camp: but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the tabernacle.

“Face to face” speaks of manner of communication, the confidence, the comfort, the forthrightness, the directness between them.

[but his servant Joshua] Aaron, who had been with Moses in all the journeys, was missing during this period of probation

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 615because he had sinned along with Israel (Exo 32:21-25).

After the intercession of Exodus 32:30-33:23 Aaron returned to his position.

He was anointed and served about thirty-eight years after that as high priest in the wilderness experiences (Exo 39:1-43; Lev 1:1-Num 20:29).

12] And Moses said unto the LORD, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people: and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found grace in my sight.

[thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people ...]Three past statements of God to Moses:1. Bring up this people (from Egypt).2. I know you by name.3. You have found grace in My sight.

13] Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, shew me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight: and consider that this nation is thy people.

[shew me now thy way ...]Seven Requests for God ’s Grace 1. Show me Your way.2. Consider Israel as Your people.3. Let Your presence go with us into Canaan (Exo 33:15).4. Give us proof that Israel and I have found grace in Your sight

(Exo 33:16).5. The proof that I want is Your own presence with us instead of

leaving us as You said, because of sin (Exo 33:16; cp. Exo 33:1-3).

6. If You want us to be separated from all other people, then do this as proof of good faith.

7. Show me Your glory (Exo 33:18).

[thy way] only the Lord can show us His way (Ps 25:4; Ps 27:11; Ps 60:11).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 616Moses was pleading with God to show him the way He intended to help him lead Israel into Canaan, since He had resigned the direct supervision of the journey.

Also, he was asking God to take Israel back, forgive them, return to their camp, and lead them by His presence, as He had before (Exo 33:13-17).

God, because of the sin of Aaron and Israel (Exo 32:7-28), had moved His tent outside the camp (Exo 33:7-11) and had said He would not go up with such a sinful people (Exo 33:1-3); but because of His love for a man who had not failed Him, He was willing to move back into camp and continue with the nation (Exo 33:14-17).

14] And he said, My presence shall go with thee, and I will give thee rest.

[My presence shall go with thee ...]Seven Promises of God in Answer to Moses1. My presence shall go with you.2. I will give you rest.3. My presence will go with you and Israel because of My love for

you (Exo 33:17).4. I will make all My goodness pass before you Exo 33:19).5. I will proclaim the name of the Lord before you.6. I will be gracious and show mercy to whom I will.7. I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and cover you with My hand

while I pass by, so you will not see My glory as expressed in My face; then I will remove My hand so you will see My glory expressed at My back parts (Exo 33:22-23).

15] And he said unto him, If thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence.

16] For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have found grace in thy sight? is it not in that thou goest with us? so shall we be separated, I and thy people, from all the people that are upon the face of the earth.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 617We should go nowhere unless the Lord leads.

[separated, I and thy people] This is one of many scriptures proving the will of God in the separation of Israel from other nations (Exo 33:1; Num 23:9).

Twelve Reasons Why God Separated Israel1.   This was God’s plan for all nations (Deu_32:8; Act_17:26)

and will be enforced eternally when Messiah comes (Isa_11:11-12; Eze_37:1-28; Eze_48:1-35; Dan_7:13-14; Zec_14:16-21).

2. To fulfill the covenants and promises made to Abraham regarding his seed being a great nation (Gen_12:1-3).

3. To fulfill His covenants and promises to Abraham regarding the land of Canaan being the home of his seed eternally (Gen_15:18-21; Gen_17:8).

4. To destroy the mighty races of giants whom Satan raised up in an effort to do away with pure Adamite stock hoping to keep the Seed of the woman from coming into the world which would have averted his own doom. See Giants and the Sons of God.

5. To destroy all the Canaanite nations for their wickedness (Deu_7:1-24; Deu_9:5).

6. To have a people of pure Adamite stock through whom the Messiah should come (Gen_3:15; Rom_9:3-5).

7. To make Israel the channel of God’s revelation to man (Rom_3:2; Rom_9:3-5).

8. To make them the head of all nations forever (Deu_15:16; Deu_28:13).

9. To evangelize the nations (Gen_12:1-3; Isa_2:1-4; Isa_52:7; Isa_66:19-21; Zec_8:23; Zec_14:16-21).

10. To be a kingdom of priests to represent God in true worship (Exo_19:6)

11. To be a holy nation and a special people of God to exemplify the grace and blessings of God, physically, mentally, materially, and spiritually (Exo_19:6; Deu_7:6-8).

12. To demonstrate the futility of idolatry and sin to all nations (Exo_20:1-6; Exo_32:21-25; Exo_34:15-17; Deu_7:1-6; Deu_13:1-8; Deu_18:9-14).

The Lord’s Glory

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 61817] And the LORD said unto Moses, I will do this thing also

that thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name.

[for thou hast found] God will do the impossible for those whom He loves and who please Him (Exo 33:17; Mat 17:20; Mat 21:22; Mar 9:23; Mar 11:22-24; Luk 11:1-13; Joh 15:7, Joh 15:16; Joh 16:23-26; Heb 11:5).

[grace] chen (H2580). See Gen 6:8, note; Psa 84:11.

favor, grace. Translated grace 38 times in the Old Testament, proving that grace is not just a New Testament doctrine. Only the fullness of grace came by Christ (Joh_1:17; 1Pe_1:10-12). See Gen_19:19; Exo_33:12-17; Exo_34:9; Psa_84:11;

Pro_3:34; Jer_31:2; Zec_12:10.[I know thee by name] Mentioned twice here (Exo 33:12, Exo

33:17). It speaks of Moses’ call to do God’s will, and of the close friendship of God and Moses.

18] And he said, I beseech thee, shew me thy glory.[shew me thy glory] Moses asked to see God’s glory expressed

in His face, not to see His face apart from His glory, which he had already seen (Exo 33:11).

That he had seen God’s glory in a limited sense is clear from Exo 16:10; Exo 24:16-17; so the request was for something he had not yet seen.

Many others have also seen God’s face and spirit body apart from the glory.

19] And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy.

[goodness] tuwb (H2898), superlative "good"; "the best" (of a person); "beauty."

This could refer to the infinite beauty or glory of God which

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 619was to pass before Moses while he was hid in the cleft of the rock (Exo 33:22).

In addition to showing Moses His glory expressed in His "back parts" - the after effects and glimpse of the glory after it had passed (Exo 33:20-23) –

God gave Moses a further revelation of His character and infinite nature.

[proclaim the name of the LORD before thee] This simply means that God would announce to Moses (while hidden in the cleft of the rock) who He was as He passed by, so he would know that it was Jehovah and not an angel whose back parts he saw after the hand was removed (Exo 33:19, Exo 33:22).

[gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy] No act of grace or mercy is merited by man; God’s own will is the basis of all His blessings.

They come because God is good, gracious, and merciful, and does everything for man by His own choice.

It is His pleasure that man be blessed (Exo 34:5-7; Rom 9:15; Eph 1:5, Eph 1:11; Rev 4:11).

20] And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.

[canst not see my face] That is, cannot see My face in My usual glory and in the light that I dwell in, which no man has seen nor can see (Exo 33:20, Exo 33:22; 1Ti 6:16).

Moses was then looking upon the visible face of God’s spirit body (Exo 33:11), as many others have done.

[live] This and other statements were no doubt the basis of the old superstition that if one saw God he would die (Gen 32:30; Deu 5:24; Jdg 13:22; Isa 6:5; Rev 1:16-18).

21] And the LORD said, Behold, there is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon a rock:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 62022] And it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by,

that I will put thee in a clift of the rock, and will cover thee with my hand while I pass by:

23] And I will take away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen.

[And I will take away mine hand ...]Seven things had to be done before Moses could see:1. Goodness to pass by (Exo 33:19)2. The name of Jehovah announced3. Moses to stand upon a rock (Exo 33:21)4. Glory to pass by (Exo 33:22)5. Moses to be put in the cleft of rock6. To be covered with God’s hand7. Hand to be removed (Exo 33:23)

[back parts] If God’s spirit body has back parts, it also has other parts

Moses has to be protected in a cleft of a rock (Christ), and the Lord covers him with His Hand (John 10:28-29).

Our security is in Christ.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 621

Exodus 34Second Set of Tables1] And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of

stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest.

2] And be ready in the morning, and come up in the morning unto mount Sinai, and present thyself there to me in the top of the mount.

[Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first] The first two stones were the work of God (Exo 32:16), but since Moses broke them, he now had to cut new stones and come upon the mountain the next morning for God to write again what He had previously written (Exo 34:1-2).

3] And no man shall come up with thee, neither let any man be seen throughout all the mount; neither let the flocks nor herds feed before that mount.

[no man shall come up with thee ...]Seven Commands of God to Moses1. Hew two stones like the first ones (Exo 34:1).2. Have them finished by morning (Exo 34:2).3. Come up to the mountain in the morning.4. Present yourself before Me on the top of Sinai.5. Come up alone (Exo 34:3).6. Let no man be seen on the mountain.7. Let no animals feed before the mountain.

4] And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as the LORD had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone.

[rose up early] It seems that Moses had the stones finished in time to have some sleep.

[went up] The eighth ascent of Moses

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 622

Lord Descended in the Cloud5] And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him

there, and proclaimed the name of the LORD.[the LORD descended] Moses ascended and the Lord

descended to meet him (Exo 34:2, Exo 34:4, Exo 34:5).

[stood with him there] God stood by Moses again, the two being face to face as before (Exo 33:11, Exo 33:21-23).

If it had been an invisible presence Moses would not have written such simple facts indicating he saw the Lord standing there.

[proclaimed] qara’ (H7121), "to call out to, address by name, introduce or announce oneself; publish, pronounce, make a proclamation" (Exo 32:5; Exo 33:19; Exo 34:4-6; Lev 23:2-4, Lev 23:21, Lev 23:37; Lev 25:10; Deu 20:10; Jdg 7:3; 1Ki 21:9-12; Pro 20:6; Isa 61:1-2).

Ten Names and Attributes of God1. The Lord (Jehovah (Jehovah (H3068)), Exo 34:6)2. The Lord God (’El (H410) Jehovah (Jehovah (H3068), Strong

Jehovah)3. Merciful (rachuwm (H7349), merciful, full of tenderness and

compassion)4. Gracious (channuwn (H2587), translated "gracious" 13 times;

from chanan (H2603), to be gracious, show favor, pity)5. Longsuffering (’erek (H750) ’apayim (H639), slow to anger)6. Abundant in goodness (rab (H7227) checed (H2617), great

lovingkindness, a multitude of mercies)7. Truth (’emeth (H571), truth, trustworthiness, and faithfulness)8. Keeping mercy (natsar (H5341) checed (H2617), guarding or

protecting kindness and mercy, Exo 34:7)9. Forgiving iniquity, transgression and sin (nasa’ (H5375) ‛avon

(H5771) pesha‛ (H6588) chata’ah (H2401), lifting up and carrying away moral evil and perversity, moral and religious revolt, and all offenses)

10. Visiting iniquity (paqad (H6485) ‛avon (H5771), overseeing punishment for moral evil)

These things combine to give the real meaning of the word

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 623Jehovah..

6] And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth,

The only thing held higher than the Lord’s Name is His Word (Ps 138:2).

It defines Him and His character.We can claim to possess a certain reputation, but our words reveal who we really are.

Mat_12:34  O generation of vipers, how can ye, being evil, speak good things? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.

Luk_6:45  A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is good; and an evil man out of the evil treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is evil: for of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaketh.

7] Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.

[clear the guilty] God will not clear the guilty unless he repents; but if he repents God is gracious, merciful, and forgiving.

[visiting] This term is used 4 times (Exo 20:5; Exo 34:7; Num 14:18; Deu 5:9).

8] And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped.

[made hast] When Moses heard the promises (Exo 33:14, Exo 33:17), saw God’s limited glory (Exo 32:18-23), and heard the proclamation of His name (Exo 33:18-34:7) assuring him God was all His name implies, he was quick to lay hold of new hope for Israel and show his appreciation for God’s willingness to forget the past and lead them into Canaan.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 624Seven major attributes of God mentioned: merciful, gracious, long-suffering, abundant in goodness and truth, ..

“By no means clear the guilty” - see the Book of Romans.

Cannot have grace without righteousness.

There must be a basis for forgiveness.

In order to have grace and mercy, the needs of righteousness must be satisfied.

The guilty are not cleared just by forgiveness, they are cleared through justification, propitiation, then follows confession and obedience – repentance.

Note Moses’ reaction. Joshua also falls on his face and worships. Moses “made haste,” did it quickly!

Forgiveness lifts the burden from the injured partyRepentance lifts the burden from the sinning party.

9] And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance.

Three new requests of Moses:1. That God would come back into the camp.2. That Israel would be forgiven.3. That God would accept Israel as His inheritance.

10] And he said, Behold, I make a covenant: before all thy people I will do marvels, such as have not been done in all the earth, nor in any nation: and all the people among which thou art shall see the work of the LORD: for it is a terrible thing that I will do with thee.

Four predictions of God:1. I will make a covenant with you.2. I will do marvels not done before.3. All people around you shall see them.4. I will drive your enemies out (Exo 34:11).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 625The Renewed CovenantThe renewed covenant of Exo 34:10-28 was made with Moses and Israel in answer to the three requests of Exo 34:9.

Of the Ten Commandments, the ones emphasized here were the main ones broken in the sin with the golden calf (Exo 32:1-6, Exo 32:21-25; see Exo 34:12-17).

Seven Obligations of God to Israel1. I will do marvels such as have not been done in all the earth

(Exo 34:10).2. All nations shall see them.3. I will use Israel to do terrible things among men.4. I will drive out the nations before Israel and give them their

lands (Exo 34:11, Exo 34:24).5. I will enlarge borders of Israel (Exo 34:24).6. I will protect homes of Israel as they go up three times a year

to meet Me.7. I will honor the whole covenant (Exo 34:25-26).

God has always been ready to renew covenants and fulfill His promises to man.

He has never broken a covenant or failed to meet His obligations. Man has always been the offender. When man fulfills his part, God can always be counted on to do His part.

His gifts and callings are unchangeable (Rom 11:29).

[marvels] The marvels God had already done were many and great.

There were Forty-two Miracles God performed through Moses and Sixteen other miracles that God performed when Moses was present.

This group had seen the miracles of Egypt, and the Red Sea parting, the pillar leading by day,...and here God is saying I will do marvels..

Rahab had heard about these people.

11] Observe thou that which I command thee this day: behold, I drive out before thee the Amorite, and the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 626Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

Six tribes mentioned here (6 the number of man) but later we will find it breaks into 7 tribes when we get to Joshua.

His People are to be Separate12] Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the

inhabitants of the land whither thou goest, lest it be for a snare in the midst of thee:

13] But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down their groves:

[images] matstsebah (H4676), a sacred pillar, column, idol, or monument.

Translated "image" 19 times and "pillar" 12 times (Exo 24:4; Gen 28:18, Gen 28:22; Gen 31:13, Gen 31:45, Gen 31:51-52; Gen 35:14, Gen 35:20).

[groves] H842 אשירה / אשרה 'asherah / 'asheyrah“Groves” - idols, phallic symbols used in fertility rites by the Canaanite.

Ashera(h) = “groves (for idol worship)”a Babylonian (Astarte) - Canaanite goddess (of fortune and

happiness), the supposed consort of Baal, her images’Asherah (H842) is always rendered grove in the KJV, but retained as a proper name in the English Revised Version (1885)

The word comes from the root yashar (H3474), "to be straight, upright, erect."

A pillar or image of wood was set up with the image of Baal and worshiped as the wife of Baal by lewd rites and sensual practices.

The pillar was set upright in the ground like a totem pole. It was either a living tree with the top cut off and the trunk fashioned into a certain shape (Deu 16:21), or a log fashioned into an idol and set erect in the ground (1Ki 14:15; 1Ki 16:33; Isa 17:8).

Though usually made of wood (Jdg 6:26), it was in some cases

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 627made of stone.

Such poles could be cut down (Exo 34:13), plucked up (Mic 5:14), burnt (Deu 12:3), and broken in pieces (2Ch 34:4).

That they were not groves of trees is clear from 2Ki 17:10, where they are forbidden to be set up under any green tree.

Worshiped as a symbol of the tree of life, the idol came to be associated with procreation.

As such, ’Asherah (H842) became an object of impure, perverse worship by crowds of devotees involved in demonized, obscene orgies.

The worship centered in the Canaanite nations and then spread into other nations. Relics of it are found among all heathen peoples. The first mention of the idol in the Bible stamps it as a special object of God’s hatred; it was at this idol that God revealed His name as Jealous (Exo 34:13-14; cp. 1Ki 14:15; 1Ki 15:13; 1Ki 16:32-33; 2Ch 36:14).

It led to the destruction of all Canaanite nations and, with other things, caused Israel to be banished among other nations.

The true nature of this form of idolatry is made clear in Jer 5:7; Jer 7:30-31; Jer 19:4-5; Jer 32:34-35; Hos 4:12-14; Amo 2:7-9, and in other passages where grove is found (Exo 34:13; Deu

7:5; Deu 12:3; Deu 16:21; Jdg 3:7; Jdg 6:25-30; 1Ki 14:15, 1Ki 14:23; 1Ki 15:13; 1Ki 16:33; 1Ki 18:19; 2Ki 13:6; 2Ki 17:10, 2Ki 17:16; 2Ki 18:4; 2Ki 21:3, 2Ki 21:7; 2Ki 23:4-15; 2Ch 14:3; 2Ch 15:16; 2Ch 17:6; 2Ch 19:3; 2Ch 24:18; 2Ch 31:1; 2Ch 33:3, 2Ch 33:19; 2Ch 34:3-7; Isa 17:8; Isa 27:9; Jer 17:2; Mic 5:14).

14] For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:

[whose name is Jealous] The only place in Scripture that God says His name is Jealous is in connection with the ’asherah (H842).“Jealous” as another name of God! Ex 20.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 62815] Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the

land, and they go a whoring after their gods, and do sacrifice unto their gods, and one call thee, and thou eat of his sacrifice;

[whoring after their gods] Whoredom here is leaving God to serve false gods (Exo 34:15-16). See also Lev 17:7; Lev 20:5-6; Deu 31:16; Jdg 2:17; Jdg 8:27, Jdg 8:33; 1Ch 5:25; 2Ch 21:13; Psa 73:27; Psa 106:39; Jer 3:2, Jer 3:9; Jer 13:27; Eze 6:9; Eze 16:1-63; Eze 20:30; Eze 23:1-43; Eze 43:7-9; Hos 1:2; Hos 2:2-4; Hos 4:10-18; Hos 5:3-4; Hos 6:10; Hos 9:1.

In all these passages literal whoredom was also committed in the orgies of licentious worshippers.

[sacrifice unto their gods] Such sacrifices were really made to devils who inspired such sinful practices (Deu 32:17; 2Co 10:1-18 :20).

[eat of his sacrifice] Eating sacrifices offered to devils and idols is forbidden here (Exo 34:16), and in the New Testament (2Co 8:1-13; 2Co 10:16-33).

16] And thou take of their daughters unto thy sons, and their daughters go a whoring after their gods, and make thy sons go a whoring after their gods.

[go a whoring after their gods ...]God viewed idol worship as adultery toward Him and His relationship to His people Israel

Israel is viewed as the bride or wife of Jehovah in Scripture.

17] Thou shalt make thee no molten gods.[Thou shalt make thee no molten gods.] Since idolatry caused

the law to be broken (Exo 32:1-35), in this covenant renewal God dealt with it first (Exo 34:12-17), as in the original covenant (Exo 20:1-6).

Twenty-three Commands to Israel

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6291. Observe commands of this day (Exo 34:11).2. Take heed to yourselves:

(1)  Lest you make a covenant with inhabitants of the land (Exo 34:12).

(2)  Lest such an agreement be a snare to you.3. Destroy their altars (Exo 34:13).4. Break their images.5. Cut down their groves.6. Do not worship any other god (Exo 34:14; cp. Exo 20:3).

(1)  For God is Jealous.(2)  Lest you make a covenant with inhabitants of the land

(Exo 34:15).(3)  Lest you go whoring after their gods, sacrifice to them,

and eat of their sacrifices.(4)  Lest you take their daughters unto your sons and they

go whoring after their gods (Exo 34:16; cp. Exo 20:4-6).

7. Do not make molten gods (Exo 34:17).8. Keep the feast of unleavened bread (Exo 34:18; cp. Exo

12:14-20; Exo 13:6-7; Exo 23:15).9. Observe it in the month of Abib (Exo 34:18).10. Give Me all the firstborn males of man and beast (Exo 34:19;

cp. Exo 13:2).11. Redeem the firstling of an ass with a lamb (Exo 34:20).12. Break his neck if you do not redeem him.13. Redeem all your firstborn sons.14. No male shall appear before Me to worship, empty.15. Work six days and rest the seventh throughout the year (Exo

34:21).16. Keep the feast of weeks (Exo 34:22).17. Keep the feast of firstfruits.18. Keep the feast of ingathering.19. All males shall appear before Me three times a year (Exo

34:23; cp. Exo 23:14).20. Do not offer the blood of sacrifices with leaven (Exo 34:25).21. Do not leave the passover until the morning.22. Bring the firstfruits of the land to the house of God (Exo

34:26).23. Do not boil a kid in its mother’s milk.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 630Feasts18] The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep. Seven

days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, in the time of the month Abib: for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt.

Nisan = Abib (equivalent terms designating the same month of the year)

[The feast of unleavened bread] Exo 12:14-20; Exo 13:6-9; Exo 23:15; Lev 23:6-14; Lev 16:1-8

19] All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male .

[All that openeth the matrix is mine.] Exo 13:2, Exo 13:12-16; Num 3:12-13; Num 18:15.

20] But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty.

[firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb] Exo 13:12-13; Num 18:15.The ass is typologically the natural man. The lamb, the animal of redemption.

21] Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.

[in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest] Regardless of conditions at harvest time, sabbaths were to be observed.

22] And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the year’s end.

[feast of weeks] Pentecost, called the feast of weeks because it was the day after seven weeks, counting from the feast of

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 631firstfruits (Lev 23:15-22).

[firstfruits] The feast of firstfruits, held with passover and the feast of unleavened bread (Lev 23:4-14).

[feast of ingathering] This was the feast of tabernacles (note, Exo 23:14; Lev 23:33-44; Deu 16:13-17).

Feast of weeks = Feast of Harvest (or Pentecost).Feast of Ingathering = Feast of Tabernacles

23] Thrice in the year shall all your men children appear before the Lord GOD, the God of Israel.

[Thrice in the year] Israel could gather three times a year and attend all seven yearly feasts of Jehovah.

The first gathering (eight days; Lev 23:1-14) included passover and the feasts of firstfruits and unleavened bread.

The second included Pentecost, the fiftieth day after the feast of firstfruits (Lev 23:15-22).

The third took in the last three feasts - trumpets (Oct. 1), the great day of atonement (Oct. 10), and tabernacles (Oct. 15-21) - all in a three-week period (Lev 23:23-44).

Whether all gathered for the first of these last three feasts is not known, but all were required to be present at the seven-day feast of tabernacles (harvest or ingathering, Exo 34:23; Exo 23:17; Deu 16:16) besides the eight-day and one-day feasts of the other gatherings.

24] For I will cast out the nations before thee, and enlarge thy borders: neither shall any man desire thy land, when thou shalt go up to appear before the LORD thy God thrice in the year.

Three predictions of God:1. I will cast out nations before you.2. I will enlarge your borders.3. No man will desire your homes or invade your land while the

men appear before Me three times a year.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 632

25] Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven; neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be left unto the morning.

They are not to leave any until morning because they do not want the partaking to be separate from the death.

The whole issue is the death of the lamb.

[shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven ...]Four Commands to Israel1. Do not offer leaven with the blood of sacrifices (Exo 34:25;

Exo 23:18).2. Do not leave the passover feast until the morning (Exo 34:25;

Exo 12:10).3. Bring the firstfruits of the land to the house of God (Exo 34:26;

Exo 23:19).4. Do not boil a kid in his mother’s milk (Exo 34:26; Exo 23:19;

Deu 14:21).

26] The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring unto the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s milk.

Feast of Firstfruits was celebrated the morning after the Sabbaths were past (Sunday morning, cf Joshua).

“Seethe a kid in his mother’s milk” - basis for kosher (mentioned three times).

Covenant27] And the LORD said unto Moses, Write thou these words:

for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel.

Moses wrote the renewed covenant (Exo 34:10-28), as he had the original (Exo 20:1 - 23:33; see Exo 24:3-8).

Both were only part of the Mosaic covenant, added to until it included Exo 20:1 - Deu 34:12. The renewed contract did not need to be dedicated (Exo 24:3-

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6339). By the renewed adoption of Israel, the original covenant was restored.

Writing its fundamental conditions merely proved its restoration.

This is different than the covenant by which He brought them here(Covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, a one party unconditional covenant).

28] And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.

All the great men of God, fasted prior to ministry, with a lot of reference to 40 days and nights.

[forty days and forty nights] The second forty days on Sinai (cp. Exo 34:28 with Exo 24:18; Deu 9:9, Deu 9:11, Deu 9:18, Deu 9:25; Deu 10:10).

[he did neither eat bread, nor drink water.] It seems that Moses fasted two periods of forty days each without any nourishment between them (Deu 9:9-21). If true, Moses is the only man on record to fast eighty days. In the natural it would be impossible to live so long without water.

F our Men Fasted for Forty Days: 1.  Moses (Deu_9:9, Deu_9:18, Deu_9:25; Deu_10:10)2.  Joshua (Exo_24:13-18; Exo_32:15-17)3.  Elijah (1Ki_19:7-18)4.  Jesus (Mat_4:1-11; Luk_1:1-22)Hunger always leaves after a few days of fast and returns after a long fast of about 40 days or when all toxic poisons have been expelled from the body.

The breath at this time becomes as sweet as a baby’s. Any normal healthy person can fast this long without any harm. Starvation only begins after hunger returns in such cases. One must use water in long fasts and break the fast gradually.

Moses experienced so much glory and power that men could not

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 634look at "the skin of his face" (Exo 34:28-35).

[he wrote upon the tables the words of the coventnat] This he refers to God who alone wrote on the tables of stone (Exo 34:28; Exo 24:12; Exo 31:18; Exo 32:15; Exo 34:1; Deu 9:10; Deu 10:1-2; 2Co 3:6-18).

In Deu 10:1-2 God said He would write upon the second tables of stone.

[ten commandments] The Ten Commandments were the sum of the whole law because they contained the necessary rules principles under which the thousands of other laws could be embodied.

29] And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses’ hand, when he came down from the mount, that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him.

[Moses came down] The eighth and last descent

[testimony] So called because they were a visible, material testimony of the contract between God and Israel (Exo 25:16, Exo 25:21; Exo 27:21; Exo 30:36; Exo 31:18; Exo 32:15; Exo 40:20). The ark was called the ark of the testimony (Exo 25:22; Exo 26:33-34; Exo 30:6, Exo 30:26; Exo 31:7; Exo 39:35; Exo 40:3, Exo 40:5, Exo 40:21)

and the tabernacle was called the tabernacle of the testimony (Exo 38:21; Num 1:50-53; Num 10:11) for the same reason.

[wist] yada‛ (H3045), to know. Translated "wist" 7 times and "wit" twice (Exo 2:4; Gen

24:21). Moses did not know that the skin of his face shone.

Five Examples of "Wist Not"1. They wist not what manna was (Exo 16:15).2. Moses wist not his face shone (Exo 34:29).3. Samson wist not that the Lord had departed (Jdg 16:20).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6354. Disciples wist not what to say (Mar 9:6; Mar 14:40; cp. Luk

2:49; Joh 5:13)5. Peter wist not he was free (Act 12:9).

[skin of his face] See Mat 17:2; 2Co 3:6-18.[shone] Radiated or shot forth rays of glory (Exo 34:29-30; cp.

Mat 17:2; Act 6:15; 2 Cor. 15:41; 2Co 3:6-18; Rev 1:12-18; Rev 18:1).

The Glory of God in Moses ’ Face qaran (H7160), "to push; to shoot out horns; to send out rays."

This seems to indicate that the glory of God in Moses’ face was like rays of light shooting forth.

He had been in the presence of God so long that his own eyes did not notice these rays.

Like one blinded by the sun who cannot see a candlelight, Moses was not aware that his skin shone (cp. 2Co 3:7-10).

The Vulgate reads: "He did not know that his face was horned." Because of this some painters have represented Moses with two horns.

Others promoted the idea by painting halos or luminous circles around the heads of saints who were supposed to have had special contact with God.

This not only prevails in part of the Christian world but also among Mohammedans, Hindus, and Chinese who evidently got the idea from stories of the manifestations of the glory of God in Old Testament days.

Various tales of God’s glory were no doubt transmitted orally and added to, from one country and one generation to another; and many superstitious ideas came to be accepted as truth.

30] And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come nigh him.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 63631] And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the

rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.

[returned unto him] Implying they initially fled when they saw Moses’ glory.

32] And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh: and he gave them in commandment all that the LORD had spoken with him in mount Sinai.

Aaron and the elders came near, and then all Israel (Exo 34:31-32).

Moses gave them the new commandments and the good news of forgiveness, renewed covenant, re-adoption, and assurance of His leading them as before they sinned (Exo 34:10-28).

33] And till Moses had done speaking with them, he put a vail on his face.

Moses talked to Israel veiled, but when he went unveiled into the tabernacle to talk to God (Exo 34:33-34).

[he put a vail on his face] See 2Co 3:6-15; cp. Mat 17:2.

34] But when Moses went in before the LORD to speak with him, he took the vail off, until he came out. And he came out, and spake unto the children of Israel that which he was commanded.

[went in before the LORD] In the tent of meeting; the tabernacle of Exodus 36-40 was not built yet.

[took the vail off] See 2Co 3:13-18 which shows that when Israel turns to God the veil shall be taken from their hearts.

35] And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone: and Moses put the vail upon his face again, until he went in to speak with him.

Interesting testimony of Moses’ communion with the Lord.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 637Prophetically speaking of the transfiguration (Mt 17).

Contradictions of MosesChild of a slave Son of a kingBorn in a hut Lived in a palaceInherited poverty Enjoyed unlimited wealthLeader of armies Keeper of flocksMightiest of warriors Meekest of menEducated at court Dwelt in the desertWisdom of Egypt Faith of ChildFitted for City Wandered in wildernessTempted by Endured hardships pleasures of sin of virtueBackward in speech Talked with GodRod of Shepherd Power of the InfiniteFugitive of Pharaoh Ambassador of HeavenGiver of Law Forerunner of GraceDied Alone: Mt Moab Appeared with ChristNo man assisted at funeral God buried him.His lips are silent Voice speaks to us today

[by I.M. Haldeman]

Deu 18:15 "The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren. Him you shall hear,

Deut 18:15 which can be Messianic and/or can be seen as one of the two witnesses

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 638

Moses as a Type of Christ Moses Christ1) Nationality: Israelite, Ex 2:1,2 Tribe of Judah2) Both born under a time of gentile bondage:

Ex 1 Mt 2, Luke 243) His Person deemed fair: Acts 7:20 Luke 2:114) Infancy, life endangered: Ex 1:22 Mt 2:165) Adoption: (mother but no father) Ex 2:10 Mt 1:19-21

Son of Pharaoh’s Joseph adopted

Daughter, father)6) Childhood, raised in Egypt: Ex 1 Mt 2:13;

Hos 11:17) Sympathy for Israel: Acts 7:23, 248) Early knowledge of mission: Acts 7:25 Luke 2:499) Condescending grace: Ex 2:11 Heb 2:1110) Great renunciation: Heb 11:24-26 Phil 2:6,711) Rejection by His brethren : Acts 2:26, 27 John 1:11;

Lk 19:1412) Sojourned among gentiles: Ex 2:15 Midian Acts 15:1413) Seat on well: (both wells outside the land)

Ex 2:15 Midian John 4:4,6 Samaria

14) Shepherdhood: Ex 3:1 John 10:1615) Season of seclusion: Backside of desert Carpenter’s shop

(Midian) (Nazareth)16) Commission from God: Ex 3:10 Luke 19:1017) Apostleship (“sent forth”) Ex 4:12 John 9:4,

Heb 3:118) His credentials, miracles: Ex 4-12 Mt 11:4,519) First Miracle: Serpent, leprosy Satan, leprosy

Ex 4:6-9 Mt 4;10, 11; 8:320) Return to own Land: Ex 4:19 Mt 2:1921) Powerful rod Ex 9:23; 10:13; 14:16 Ps 2:922) Announcing Solemn judgments:

Ex 5-13, etc Luke 3:323) Deliverer: Acts 7:35 John 8:3624) Headship: 1 Cor 10:1,2 Rom 6:325) Lead Praise: Ex 15:1 Ps 22:2226) Authority Challenged: Num 16:3 Mt 21:23

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 63927) His person envied: Ps 106:16 Mk 15:1028) His Person Opposed: Ex 15:24; 16:2 Lk 15:2; Jn 6:4129) Life Threatened: Ex 17:4 (stones?) Jn 8:59; 10:3130) Had Sorrows: Num 11:11, 14 Isa 5331) Unwearied Love: Ex 32, 7, 31, 32 Jn 13:132) Forgiving Love Num 12:1, 2, (13) 1 Pet 2:2333) Prayerfulness (every crisis): Ex 5:22; 8:12; Lk 14:15; 15:25;

Ex 9:33; Lk 17:434) Meekness: Num 12:3 Mt 11:2935) Faithfulness: Heb 13:5 Rev 3:1436) Provided Israel with water Num 20:11 John 4:1437) Prophetic Office: Deut 18:18 John 7:16; 8:2538) Priestly Activities: Ps 99:6; Heb 9:14

Lev 8; 15,16; 19:2339) Kingly Role: Deut 33:4,5 Lk 1:32, 3340) Judgeship: Ex 18:13 2 Cor 5:1041) Leadership: Ex 32:34 Heb 2:10

(Capt of..)42) Mediation: Deut 5:5 1 Tim 2:543) God’s Election: Ps 106:23 Isa 42:144) Covenant Engagement: Ex 34:27 Heb 8:645) Sent Forth 12: Num 13:16 Mt 10:546) Appointed 70: Num 11:24 Lk 10:147) Wisdom: Acts 7:22 Col 2:348) Might: Acts 7:22 Mt 13:3449) Intercession: Num 27:5 Heb 7:2550) Intimate Communion with God: Ex 34:10 John 1:1851) Knowledge of God: Ps 103:7 John 5:2052) Holy anger: Ex 32:19 Mk 3:553) Message: Ex 24:3 Heb 1:254) Commandments: Deut 4:2 Mt 28:2055) Written Revelation: Ex 13:13 Rev 1:156) Fasting: Ex 34:28 Mt 4;257) Transfiguration: Ex 34:29, 35 Mt 17:258) Place outside the camp: Ex 33:7 Heb 13:1359) Arraigning responsible head of apostasy:

Ex 32:21 Rev 2:12, 1360) Praying for Israel’s forgiveness Nu 14:17 Lu 23:3461) Washing brethren with water: Lev 8:6 John 13:562) Prophecies: Deut 28; 33 Mt 24; Lk 21

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 64063) Rewarding God’s servants:

Num 7:6; 32:33,40 Rev 22:1264) Perfect Obedience: Ex 40:16 John 16:1065) Erecting Tabernacle: Ex 40:2 Zech 6:1266) Completing His Works Ex 40:33 John 17:467) Blessing the People: Ex 39:43 Lk 24:5068) Anointing of God’s House: Lev 8:10 Acts 2:1-3, 3369) Unabated Strength: Deut 34:7 Mt 27:50

“Lord’s”70) Death for benefit of God’s people:

Ps 106:32; Deut 3:26 The Cross71) Appointing of another to follow them:

Deut 31:32 Jn 14:16, 1872) Inheritance of land: Josh 1:14 Eph 1:1173) Death necessary prerequisite: Josh 1:2 John 12:2174) Scheduled for a Second Appearing: Mt 17:3

[Others: Gentile bride, second descent...]

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 641

Exodus 35This next section (Exodus 35-40) is basically a repeat of what we have been over.

The first time was when God gave instructions for the Tabernacle, the second time is when they actually built the structure.

Sabbath Rest in HimSabbath mentioned first,because we have to rest in Him before we can serve Him.

1] And Moses gathered all the congregation of the children of Israel together, and said unto them, These are the words which the LORD hath commanded, that ye should do them.

[These are the words which the LORD hath commanded, that ye should do them.] Moses now gave them instructions concerning the priesthood and the building of the tabernacle, which he received during the eighty days in the mount (Exo 24:18; Exo 34:28).

He also began to build and carry out those instructions. This section could be called the acts of Moses (Exo 35:1-40:38).

2] Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day there shall be to you an holy day, a sabbath of rest to the LORD: whosoever doeth work therein shall be put to death.

Before beginning the work of the tabernacle Moses reminded Israel of the six days and a sabbath, and warned again of the death penalty for breaking the law.

The sabbath was to be observed even in the making of the tabernacle (Exo 34:2-3).

3] Ye shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations upon the sabbath day.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 642[kindle no fire] This seems a small thing to be penalized with death, but God wanted to impress on Israel the necessity of perfect obedience even in little things.

Num 15:32-36 NKJV Now while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day. 33 And those who found him gathering sticks brought him to Moses and Aaron, and to all the congregation. 34 They put him under guard, because it had not been explained what should be done to him. 35 Then the LORD said to Moses, "The man must surely be put to death; all the congregation shall stone him with stones outside the camp." 36 So, as the LORD commanded Moses, all the congregation brought him outside the camp and stoned him with stones, and he died.Jews applied this law to fires for doing work, not for warmth or light.

Those who observed it for warmth and light are said to have had the Gentiles to take care of such fires for them.

Offerings For Tabernacle4] And Moses spake unto all the congregation of the children

of Israel, saying, This is the thing which the LORD commanded, saying,

5] Take ye from among you an offering unto the LORD: whosoever is of a willing heart, let him bring it, an offering of the LORD; gold, and silver, and brass,

[Take ye from among you an offering unto the LORD ...] cf: Ex 25:3

Three Commands - Building the Tabernacle 1. Take an offering of Israel for the Lord.2. Let everyone who is willing bring gold, silver, brass, and blue,

purple, scarlet, and fine linen, and goats’ hair, red ram skins, badger skins, shittim wood, oil, spices, and precious stones (Exo 35:5-9).

3. Let everyone who is wise hearted come and make the tabernacle, its furniture, the showbread, the anointing oil, the sweet incense, cloths of service, and the garments for the priests (Exo 35:10-19).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 643[gold]: zahab (H2091), pure gold, refined and ready for use in

parts of the tabernacle furniture.

6] And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats’ hair,

[blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen] cf: Exo 25:4Four kinds of linen — blue, purple, red and white (fine).

Red and purple were associated with Christ’s crucifixion (Mat_27:28; Joh_19:2).

White is used last here and in Rev_19:13-14.

Blue was made from cerulean mussel shells, purple from shell fish and scarlet from the glow worm.

The linen was spun and dyed by the women; weaving and embroidering was left to Aholiab and his assistants (Exo_35:25, Exo_35:34-35).

The Septuagint reads: "blue and purple and scarlet yarn, and cotton thread, and goats’ hair."

[goats’ hair] Goats in parts of Asia have long, beautiful hair, almost as fine as silk, and as valuable as wool.

7] And rams’ skins dyed red, and badgers’ skins, and shittim wood,

[rams’ skins dyed red] cf: Exo 25:5[badgers’ skins] cf: Exo 25:5.

[shittim wood] cf: Exo 25:5.

8] And oil for the light, and spices for anointing oil, and for the sweet incense,

[oil for the light] cf: Exo 25:6.[spices for anointing oil] cf: Exo 25:6; [sweet incense] See notes, Exo 30:34-38.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 644

9] And onyx stones, and stones to be set for the ephod, and for the breastplate.

[onyx stones] cf: Exo 25:7 .

[stones to be set] See The Order of Stones and the Names of Tribes.

[ephod] cf: Exo 28:5-14.[breastplate] cf: Exo 28:15-22; also Exo 28:23-29.

10] And every wise hearted among you shall come, and make all that the LORD hath commanded;

11] The tabernacle, his tent, and his covering, his taches, and his boards, his bars, his pillars, and his sockets,

[tabernacle] cf: Exo 25:8-9.

[tent] cf: Exo 26:1-7; also cf: Exo 26:8-13.

[taches] cf: Exo 26:15-24; also cf: Exo 26:25-37.

12] The ark, and the staves thereof, with the mercy seat, and the vail of the covering,

[ark] cf: Exo 25:10-16.[mercy seat] cf: Exo 25:17-22.[vail of the covering] cf: Exo 26:31.

13] The table, and his staves, and all his vessels, and the shewbread,

[table, and his staves, and all his vessels, and the shewbread] cf: Exo 25:23-30.

14] The candlestick also for the light, and his furniture, and his lamps, with the oil for the light,

[candlestick also for the light, and his furniture, and his

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 645lamps, with the oil for the light] cf: Exo 25:31; also cf: Exo 25:33-40.

15] And the incense altar, and his staves, and the anointing oil, and the sweet incense, and the hanging for the door at the entering in of the tabernacle,

[incense] cf: Exo 30:1-10.[anointing oil] cf: Exo 30:22-33.[sweet incense] cf: Exo 30:34-38.[hanging for the door at the entering in of the tabernacle] cf:

Exo 27:16-17.

16] The altar of burnt offering, with his brasen grate, his staves, and all his vessels, the laver and his foot,

[altar of burnt offering] cf: Exo 27:1-8.

17] The hangings of the court, his pillars, and their sockets, and the hanging for the door of the court,

[hangings of the court] cf: Exo 27:9-15; notes, Exo 27:16-21.

18] The pins of the tabernacle, and the pins of the court, and their cords,

19] The cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest’s office.

[cloths of service] cf: Exo 39:1.

20] And all the congregation of the children of Israel departed from the presence of Moses.

[departed] They left to get what was in their hearts to give, not to think it over. They gave willingly to make a golden calf; now they were influenced by spiritual revival to give to God.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 646

Gifts from Willing Heart21] And they came, every one whose heart stirred him up,

and every one whom his spirit made willing, and they brought the LORD’S offering to the work of the tabernacle of the congregation, and for all his service, and for the holy garments.

22] And they came, both men and women, as many as were willing hearted, and brought bracelets, and earrings, and rings, and tablets, all jewels of gold: and every man that offered offered an offering of gold unto the LORD.

[both men and women] Both men and women had shared equally in backsliding to idolatry, so now both shared equally in the revival spirit and blessing of God.

Eighteen Kinds of Offerings1. Bracelets2. Earrings3. Rings4. Tablets5. Gold jewelry6. Blue thread (Exo 35:23)7. Purple thread (Exo 35:27; Exo 28:17-21)8. Scarlet thread9. Fine linen10. Goats’ hair11. Red rams skins12. Badger skins13. Silver (Exo 35:24)14. Brass15. Shittim wood16. Onyx, other stones17. Spices of various kinds (Exo 35:28)18. Olive oil

[bracelets] chach (H2397), a ring for the nose or lips. Translated "bracelet" only here, but hook in 2Ki 19:28; Isa 37:29; Eze 29:4; Eze 38:4.

It is not the common word for "bracelet" (tsamiyd (H6781), Gen 24:22, Gen 24:30, Gen 24:47; Num 31:50; Eze

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 64716:11; Eze 23:42). Compare :

pathiyl (H6616), "bracelet" (Gen 38:18, Gen 38:25), ’ets‛adah (H685), "bracelet" (2Sa 1:10), and sherah (H8285), "bracelet" (Isa 3:19).

[earrings] nezem (H5141), "ring." Translated "earring or nose-rings," Gen 24:22, Gen 24:30, Gen 24:47; and "rings for the ears," Exo 32:2-3; Gen 35:4; Eze 16:12). cf: Exo 32:2.

[rings] tabba‛ath (H2885), "seal or signet ring; finger ring" (Exo 35:22; Gen 41:42; Num 31:50; Est 3:10-12; Est 8:2-10; Isa 3:21). Compare Luk 15:22; Jas 2:2.

[tablets] kuwmaz (H3558), "jewels, gold beads or necklaces of gold" (Num 31:50). This is not the same as "tablets" in Isa 3:20. At this time personal wealth consisted mainly of ornaments, fine clothing, flocks, herds, and the like.

Coins came into prominence about one thousand years later.

No stronger proof of sincerity could be given than the consecration of their valued ornaments.

[jewels] keliy (H3627), any implement, utensil, vessel, weapon, or jewel (notes, Exo 3:22).

[offering of gold] This could only refer to gold not made into ornaments, such as gold bars, wedges and vessels.

23] And every man, with whom was found blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats’ hair, and red skins of rams, and badgers’ skins, brought them.

[blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen] cf: Exo 25:4.

[goats’ hair] cf:, Exo 25:4.[red skins of rams] cf: Exo 25:5.[badgers’ skins] cf: Exo 25:5.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 64824] Every one that did offer an offering of silver and brass

brought the LORD’S offering: and every man, with whom was found shittim wood for any work of the service, brought it.

[brass] cf: Exo 25:3.[shittim wood] cf: Exo 25:5.

25] And all the women that were wise hearted did spin with their hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine linen.

26] And all the women whose heart stirred them up in wisdom spun goats’ hair.

Underlying all of this was a desire, a willingness. Cf: Exo 36:6-7.

27] And the rulers brought onyx stones, and stones to be set, for the ephod, and for the breastplate;

[onyx stones] See The Order and Stones and Names of the Tribes.

[ephod] cf: Exo 28:5-14.[breastplate] cf: Exo 28:15-22; also cf: Exo 28:23-29.

28] And spice, and oil for the light, and for the anointing oil, and for the sweet incense.

[spice] cf: Exo 30:23-24.[oil for the light] cf: Exo 27:20-21.[anointing oil] cf: Exo 30:22-33.[sweet incense] cf: Exo 30:34-38.

29] The children of Israel brought a willing offering unto the LORD, every man and woman, whose heart made them willing to bring for all manner of work, which the LORD had commanded to be made by the hand of Moses.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 649

Works Made30] And Moses said unto the children of Israel, See, the

LORD hath called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah;

[LORD hath called by name Bezaleel ...]Five acts of God:1. God called Bezaleel.2. God filled him with the Spirit, wisdom, understanding, and

knowledge, for all manner of workmanship in gold, silver, brass, precious stones, wood, embroidery, and weaving (Exo 35:30-35).

3. God gave him the gift of teaching (Exo 35:34).4. God gave him Aholiab as helper.5. God filled both with wisdom and ability for the work of the

tabernacle (Exo 35:35).

31] And he hath filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship;

[filled him with the spirit of God] Men in Old Testament days were filled with the Spirit.

Spiritual gifts not only include ability in the spiritual, but also in the physical, mental, and material realms (Exo 35:31-35).

Spiritual Gifts and AbilitiesNo doubt, God, in the very beginning, sought to reveal many secrets of creation to man to make life more enjoyable; and it could be that many special abilities of people today have come from the Holy Spirit.

The increase of knowledge has always come from Him through revelation and inspiration.

Four Spiritual Gifts1. Wisdom (Exo 35:31, Exo 35:35; cp. Exo 28:3)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6502. Understanding ( tebuwnah (H8394), intelligence; skillfulness,

Exo 35:31; Exo 36:1)3. Knowledge (Exo 35:31; cp. 2Co 12:1-11)4. Ability in all manner of arts (Exo 35:31; Exo 36:1)

32] And to devise curious works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass,

[devise] chashab (H2803), "to plait; weave; fabricate; invent; think; compute; conceive; plan; forecast" (Exo 35:32, Exo 35:35; Exo 31:4; 2Sa 14:14).

[curious] machashabah (H4284), "curious and cunning" (Exo 35:33); cp. chashab (H2803), "cunning workman" (Exo 35:35). Cf: Exo 28:6.

Eight Abilities Given by the Spirit1. The ability to invent, plan, and make curious works in gold,

silver, brass (Exo 35:32)2. The ability to cut stones (Exo 35:33)3. The ability to set stones4. The ability to carve wood5. The ability to teach these trades (Exo 35:34)6. The ability to engrave metals and stones (Exo 35:35)7. The ability to embroider beautiful designs in cloth8. The ability to weave cloth of plain and intricate designs

33] And in the cutting of stones, to set them, and in carving of wood, to make any manner of cunning work.

[cunning work] Divine abilities are given to man to accomplish God’s will.

The Lord puts wisdom or knowledge in man so it becomes a natural ability.

The ability to teach what has been received is another enduement.

Christ, the prophets, and the apostles all received abilities by the Spirit.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 65134] And he hath put in his heart that he may teach, both he,

and Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan.[both he, and Aholiab] Bezaleel of Judah (Exo 31:2) and

Aholiab of Dan were the chief overseers of the tabernacle work (Exo 35:35; Exo 36:1-2).

Both were endued with gifts of the Holy Spirit for the work. They had many workers under them who were also filled with the Spirit and endued with wisdom, knowledge, and special ability (Exo 36:1-2). All were called by God. Aholiab’s particular gifts were engraving and embroidery work (Exo 38:23).

35] Them hath he filled with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work, of the engraver, and of the cunning workman, and of the embroiderer, in blue, and in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen, and of the weaver, even of them that do any work, and of those that devise cunning work.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 652

Exodus 36Workers Enabled1] Then wrought Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise

hearted man, in whom the LORD put wisdom and understanding to know how to work all manner of work for the service of the sanctuary, according to all that the LORD had commanded.

2] And Moses called Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in whose heart the LORD had put wisdom, even every one whose heart stirred him up to come unto the work to do it:

3] And they received of Moses all the offering, which the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, to make it withal. And they brought yet unto him free offerings every morning.

[every morning] Freewill offerings came in daily for some time - until there was more than enough for the needs (Exo 36:3-7).

4] And all the wise men, that wrought all the work of the sanctuary, came every man from his work which they made;

5] And they spake unto Moses, saying, The people bring much more than enough for the service of the work, which the LORD commanded to make.

Too Much Offerings6] And Moses gave commandment, and they caused it to be

proclaimed throughout the camp, saying, Let neither man nor woman make any more work for the offering of the sanctuary. So the people were restrained from bringing.

[restrained from bringing] This would be the normal condition of churches today if members gave as freely as Israel did here.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6537] For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to

make it, and too much.Gifts to the Lord should be spontaneous and not a result of pressure.

Curtains Made8] And every wise hearted man among them that wrought the

work of the tabernacle made ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work made he them.

[ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet]

Twelve Commands - the Ten Linen Curtains 1. Make ten fine linen curtains (Exo 26:1)2. Embroidery on them: cherubim (H3742) of blue, purple, scarlet3. Length: 42 ft. (Exo 26:2)4. Breadth: 6 ft.5. Make all curtains the same size6. Couple five curtains together at the sides, making a width of 30

ft. (Exo 26:3)7. Couple the other five curtains together, making 30 ft.8. Make loops of blue on the edge of each of the five-curtain

sections (Exo 26:4)9. Make fifty loops to hold the two sets of curtains together,

making one piece 42 ft. long and 60 ft. wide (Exo 26:5)10. Make fifty taches (hooks, Exo 26:6)11. Couple the two pieces (of five curtains each) together with the

gold hooks12. Make the curtains to be one for the tabernacle

9] The length of one curtain was twenty and eight cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: the curtains were all of one size.

[length of one curtain was twenty and eight cubits] Length: 42 ft. at 18 inches per cubit. See notes, Exo 26:1-6.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 654[breadth of one curtain four cubits] Breadth: 6 ft. at 18 inches

per cubit.

10] And he coupled the five curtains one unto another: and the other five curtains he coupled one unto another.

11] And he made loops of blue on the edge of one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling: likewise he made in the uttermost side of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

12] Fifty loops made he in one curtain, and fifty loops made he in the edge of the curtain which was in the coupling of the second: the loops held one curtain to another.

The fifty loops in the edges of each curtain were to hook the curtains together by the fifty taches or hooks (Exo 36:11-13).

13] And he made fifty taches of gold, and coupled the curtainsone unto another with the taches: so it became one tabernacle.

14] And he made curtains of goats’ hair for the tent over the tabernacle: eleven curtains he made them.

[eleven curtains] The eleven curtains of goats’ hair made a covering larger than the ten curtains of linen so as to hang over the sides.

See notes, Exo 26:7; also see notes, Exo 26:8-13.

15] The length of one curtain was thirty cubits, and four cubits was the breadth of one curtain: the eleven curtains were of one size.

[length of one curtain was thirty cubits] Length: 45 ft.

[for cubits was the breadth of one curtain] Breadth: 6 ft.

16] And he coupled five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 65517] And he made fifty loops upon the uttermost edge of the

curtain in the coupling, and fifty loops made he upon the edge of the curtain which couplet the second.

The fifty loops in the edges and the fifty taches (hooks) coupled the curtains together to make a single piece as a covering for the tabernacle over the linen curtains (Exo 36:17-18).

18] And he made fifty taches of brass to couple the tent together, that it might be one.

19] And he made a covering for the tent of rams’ skins dyed red, and a covering of badgers’ skins above that.

These were the third and fourth coverings to go over the linen and goats’ hair curtains, making it more dust-proof and protected from weather. See note, Exo 26:14.

Boards Made20] And he made boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood,

standing up.[boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood] See notes at Exo

26:15-24.

21] The length of a board was ten cubits, and the breadth of a board one cubit and a half.

[length of a board was ten cubits] Length: 15 ft. at 18 inches a cubit.

[breadth of a board one cubit and a half] Breadth: 27 inches

22] One board had two tenons, equally distant one from another: thus did he make for all the boards of the tabernacle.

[One board had two tenons] Each board had two tenons on the end to fit into the foundation sockets when it stood upright to make the wall of the tabernacle (Exo 36:22-26).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 656

23] And he made boards for the tabernacle; twenty boards for the south side southward:

[twenty boards for the south side southward] The twenty boards side by side made a wall of the tabernacle 45 ft. long. See the notes at Exo 26:15-18.

24] And forty sockets of silver he made under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two sockets under another board for his two tenons.

[forty sockets of silver he made under the twenty boards] The forty sockets were in the foundation blocks to hold the ends of the twenty boards at the base of the tabernacle (Exo 36:24-26).

25] And for the other side of the tabernacle, which is toward the north corner, he made twenty boards,

26] And their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.

27] And for the sides of the tabernacle westward he made six boards.

[westward] See the notes at Exo 26:22-24.

28] And two boards made he for the corners of the tabernacle in the two sides.

29] And they were coupled beneath, and coupled together at the head thereof, to one ring: thus he did to both of them in both the corners.

30] And there were eight boards; and their sockets were sixteen sockets of silver, under every board two sockets.

[sockets of silver] See note, Exo 26:21.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 65731] And he made bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of

the one side of the tabernacle,[bars of shittim wood] See notes, Exo 26:26-28.

32] And five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the tabernacle for the sides westward.

33] And he made the middle bar to shoot through the boards from the one end to the other.

[middle bar] See note, Exo 26:28.

34] And he overlaid the boards with gold, and made their rings of gold to be places for the bars, and overlaid the bars with gold.

[overlaid the boards with gold] See note, Exo 26:29.

Tabernacle Veil Made35] And he made a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and

fine twined linen: with cherubims made he it of cunning work.

[vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen] See note, Exo 26:31.

36] And he made thereunto four pillars of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold: their hooks were of gold; and he cast for them four sockets of silver.

37] And he made an hanging for the tabernacle door of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, of needlework;See notes, Exo 26:36-37.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 65838] And the five pillars of it with their hooks: and he overlaid

their chapiters and their fillets with gold: but their five sockets were of brass.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 659

Exodus 37Ark Made1] And Bezaleel made the ark of shittim wood: two cubits

and a half was the length of it, and a cubit and a half the breadth of it, and a cubit and a half the height of it:

Exodus 37:1[Bezaleel] See notes, Exo 35:30, Exo 35:34.[ark of shittim wood] See Exo 25:10-16.

[two cubits and a half was the length of it] Length: 45 inches, at 18 inches a cubit.

[cubit and a half the breadth of it] Breadth: 27 inches

[cubit and a half the height of it] Height: 27 inches

2] And he overlaid it with pure gold within and without, and made a crown of gold to it round about.

3] And he cast for it four rings of gold, to be set by the four corners of it; even two rings upon the one side of it, and two rings upon the other side of it.

4] And he made staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold.

5] And he put the staves into the rings by the sides of the ark, to bear the ark.

Mercy Seat6] And he made the mercy seat of pure gold: two cubits and

a half was the length thereof, and one cubit and a half the breadth thereof.

[mercy seat] See notes, Exo 25:17-22.

[two cubits and a half was the length] Length: 45 inches

[one cubit and a half the breadth] Breadth: 27 inches

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6607] And he made two cherubims of gold, beaten out of one

piece made he them, on the two ends of the mercy seat;[cherubims] See notes, Exo 25:18.

[mercy seat] See notes, Exo 25:17.

8] One cherub on the end on this side, and another cherub on the other end on that side: out of the mercy seat made he the cherubims on the two ends thereof.

9] And the cherubims spread out their wings on high, and covered with their wings over the mercy seat, with their faces one to another; even to the mercy seatward were the faces of the cherubims.

Table Made10] And he made the table of shittim wood: two cubits was

the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof:

[table of shittim wood] See notes, Exo 25:23-30.[two cubits was the length] Length: 36 inches

[cubit the breadth] Breadth: 18 inches

[a cubit and a half the height] Height: 27 inches

11] And he overlaid it with pure gold, and made thereunto a crown of gold round about.

12] Also he made thereunto a border of an handbreadth round about; and made a crown of gold for the border thereof round about.

13] And he cast for it four rings of gold, and put the rings upon the four corners that were in the four feet thereof.

14] Over against the border were the rings, the places for the staves to bear the table.

15] And he made the staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold, to bear the table.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 66116] And he made the vessels which were upon the table, his

dishes, and his spoons, and his bowls, and his covers to cover withal, of pure gold.

Candlesticks Made17] And he made the candlestick of pure gold: of beaten

work made he the candlestick; his shaft, and his branch, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, were of the same:

[candlestick] See notes, Exo 25:31-40.

18] And six branches going out of the sides thereof; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side thereof, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side thereof:

19] Three bowls made after the fashion of almonds in one branch, a knop and a flower; and three bowls made like almonds in another branch, a knop and a flower: so throughout the six branches going out of the candlestick.

20] And in the candlestick were four bowls made like almonds, his knops, and his flowers:

[candlestick] See notes, Exo 25:31.[four bowls] See note, Exo 25:33.

21] And a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, according to the six branches going out of it.

[knop] See notes, Exo 25:35-36.

22] Their knops and their branches were of the same: all of it was one beaten work of pure gold.

23] And he made his seven lamps, and his snuffers, and his snuffdishes, of pure gold.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 662[seven lamps] See The Seven Lamps.

24] Of a talent of pure gold made he it, and all the vessels thereof.

[talent of pure gold] A talent of gold was $600,000 in value and weighed about 125 lbs.

Incense Altar Made25] And he made the incense altar of shittim wood: the

length of it was a cubit, and the breadth of it a cubit; it was foursquare; and two cubits was the height of it; the horns thereof were of the same.

[incense altar] See the notes at Exo 30:1-10.[length of it was a cubit, and the breadth of it a cubit; it was

foursquare; and two cubits was the height of it; the horns thereof were of the same.] The altar was 18 inches square and 36 inches high, having four horns, one at each corner, like the large brazen altar of sacrifice (Exo 27:1-8).

26] And he overlaid it with pure gold, both the top of it, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns of it: also he made unto it a crown of gold round about.

[crown of gold] See note Exo 25:24.

27] And he made two rings of gold for it under the crown thereof, by the two corners of it, upon the two sides thereof, to be places for the staves to bear it withal.

28] And he made the staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold.

29] And he made the holy anointing oil, and the pure incense of sweet spices, according to the work of the apothecary.

[holy anointing oil, and the pure incense of sweet spices] See the notes at Exo 30:22-38.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 663

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 664

Exodus 38Burnt Altar Made1] And he made the altar of burnt offering of shittim wood:

five cubits was the length thereof, and five cubits the breadth thereof; it was foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof.

[altar of burnt offering] See the notes at Exo 27:1-8.

[five cubits was the length thereof, and five cubits the breadth thereof; it was foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof.] The brazen altar was foursquare like the golden altar - 7.5 ft. square - and 4.5 ft. high.

2] And he made the horns thereof on the four corners of it; the horns thereof were of the same: and he overlaid it with brass.

3] And he made all the vessels of the altar, the pots, and the shovels, and the basons, and the fleshhooks, and the firepans: all the vessels thereof made he of brass.

4] And he made for the altar a brasen grate of network under the compass thereof beneath unto the midst of it.

5] And he cast four rings for the four ends of the grate of brass, to be places for the staves.

6] And he made the staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with brass.

7] And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of the altar, to bear it withal; he made the altar hollow with boards.

[hollow with boards] The large brazen altar was a box (7.5 inches square and 4.5 ft. high), hollow inside. It was covered with brass.

Laver Made8] And he made the laver of brass, and the foot of it of brass,

of the looking glasses of the women assembling, which

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 665assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.

[laver of brass] See the notes at Exo 30:17-21.

The LaverThis laver was brass, made from melted hand mirrors. For washing, purification - symbolically representing the Word of God (John 15:3; 17:17; Eph 5:26).

The Word shows us where we are, the Law cannot make us righteous, but it can show us our faults.

Now we wash in it (Eph 5:26), later we will stand on it (Rev 4:6). “I Am the Living Water” (John 4:10, 14; 7:37, 38).

Court and Pillars Made9] And he made the court: on the south side southward the

hangings of the court were of fine twined linen, an hundred cubits:

[court] See the notes at Exo 27:9-15.

[hundred cubits] The outer court was 150 ft. long and 75 ft. wide (Exo 38:9, Exo 38:11-13). See the notes at Exo 27:9-15.

10] Their pillars were twenty, and their brasen sockets twenty; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets were of silver.

11] And for the north side the hangings were an hundred cubits, their pillars were twenty, and their sockets of brass twenty; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver.

12] And for the west side were hangings of fifty cubits, their pillars ten, and their sockets ten; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver.

[fillets of silver] Rods of silver to hold up the posts.

13] And for the east side eastward fifty cubits.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 66614] The hangings of the one side of the gate were fifteen

cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.[one side of the gate were fifteen cubits] There was 22.5 ft. on

both sides of the gate (Exo 38:14-15). See the notes at Exo 27:9.

15] And for the other side of the court gate, on this hand and that hand, were hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.

16] All the hangings of the court round about were of fine twined linen.

17] And the sockets for the pillars were of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver; and the overlaying of their chapiters of silver; and all the pillars of the court were filleted with silver.

18] And the hanging for the gate of the court was needlework, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: and twenty cubits was the length, and the height in the breadth was five cubits, answerable to the hangings of the court.

[hanging for the gate of the court] See the notes Exo 27:16-17.

[twenty cubits was the length] Length: 30 ft.

[height in the breadth was five cubits] Height: 7.5 ft.

19] And their pillars were four, and their sockets of brass four; their hooks of silver, and the overlaying of their chapiters and their fillets of silver.

20] And all the pins of the tabernacle, and of the court round about, were of brass.

Accounting21] This is the sum of the tabernacle, even of the tabernacle

of testimony, as it was counted, according to the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 667commandment of Moses, for the service of the Levites, by the hand of Ithamar, son to Aaron the priest.

[tabernacle, even of the tabernacle of testimony]Biblical TypesThe Bible is not as full of types as some would have us believe - that is, types that can be proved by Scripture. Some make nearly every person and event of the Old Testament typical.

Such a method of interpretation leads to confusion and a wrong understanding of the Word of God. Searching for hidden meaning in every passage and pressing the typical teaching so far imperils the literal teachings and soundness of many Biblical truths.

Everything in Scripture intended as a divine type is confirmed by at least two or three plain statements in God’s Word.

"In the mouth of two or three witnesses" applies to this subject as much as any other doctrine of the Bible (Deu 19:15; Mat 18:16; 2Co 13:1).

Types are distinct from parables, symbols, allegories, riddles, and figurative statements otherwise.

We deal with typology only as defined below, accepting only those types that harmonize with all the essential characteristics.

Definition of Biblical TypesA type is a preordained representation wherein certain persons, events, and institutions of the Old Testament stand for corresponding persons, events, and institutions of the New Testament

Types are pictures or object lessons by which God has taught His redemptive plan. They are a shadow of things to come, not the image of those things (Col 2:17; Heb 8:5; Heb 10:1).

The Mosaic system, for example, was a kind of school in which God’s people were trained in divine things and taught to look forward to the realities of things yet to come.

Five Greek Words Defined1. Tupos (G5179), translated "print" (Joh 20:25); "figure" (Act

7:43; Rom 5:14); "form" (Rom 6:17); "fashion" (Act 7:44);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 668"manner" (Act 23:25); "pattern" (Tit 2:7; Heb 8:5); "ensample" (2Co 10:11; Php 3:17; 1Th 1:7; 2Th 3:9; 1Pe 5:3); and "example" (2Co 10:6; 1Ti 4:12).

2. Antitupon (G499), translated "like figure" (1Pe 3:21) and "figure" (Heb 9:24).

3. Hupodeigma (G5262), translated "pattern" (Heb 9:23); "ensample" (2Pe 2:6); and "example" (Joh 13:15; Heb 4:11; Heb 8:5; Jas 5:10).

4. Parabole (G3850), translated "figure" in only two places, referring to "types" (Heb 9:9; Heb 11:19). This word is mostly limited to the "parable" or "illustration" in the New Testament Types are illustrations, but they are also the pre-ordained shadow or likeness of things to come, while parables may be illustrations of something in the past, present, or future.

Scriptural types and prophecy are the same in substance, differing only in form.

This fact distinguishes between types, parables, symbols and other forms of human expression. See the notes at Mat 13:3, Mat 13:11.

5. Skia (G4639), translated "shadow" three times, referring to "types" (Col 2:17; Heb 8:5; Heb 10:1). The English word "type" best corresponds with skia (G4639) because it means a shadow, a limited idea or likeness of the reality that it foreshadows.

It is clear from the above scriptures that New Testament writers used the word "type" with some degree of freedom; yet they had one general idea in common, namely, that all types show a likeness existing between two persons, events, or institutions.

The one resembles the other in some essential feature. In typology these two are called type and antitype, and the link that binds them is the correspondence or similarity of the one to the other.

The type is the preordained shadow of the antitype. The type is the object lesson, the temporary and shadowy resemblance of some predicted person, event, or institution.

The antitype is the fulfillment of that which has been predicted.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 669Six Essential Characteristics of Types1. There must be one or more points of resemblance between the

type and the antitype (Col 2:14-17; Heb 10:1).2. The type must be prophetic in all points of resemblance with

the antitype. It must truly prefigure something to come (Joh 3:14; Rom 5:14; Col 2:14-17; Heb 8:5; Heb 9:23-24; Heb 10:1; 1Pe 3:21).

3. The type is merely the shadow of the realities to come, not the realities typified (Col 2:14-17; Heb 8:5; Heb 10:1).

4. The type is always earthly while the antitype could be earthly or heavenly (Heb 8:5; Heb 9:24; 1Pe 3:21).

5. Since both type and antitype must be pre-ordained as part of the same plan of God, they cannot be chosen by man, picked out simply because certain details resemble some future truth (Rom 5:14; Heb 9:23-24; Heb 10:1-21).

6. The only authority for types and their application is Scripture. More than a mere resemblance is needed to constitute a type.

In true typology no meaning should be accepted without positive scriptural support.

Historical events that bear some resemblance to New Testament truths should not be taken as true types unless substantiated by two or three plain passages proving a connection (2Co 13:1).

This would require at least a plain scripture on the antitype as well as the type.

A genuine type is a true figure or shadow of the reality to come - the antitype (Joh 3:14; Rom 5:14; Heb 9:23-24; Heb 10:1; 1Pe 3:21).

Centuries or even millenniums may lie between them but the shadow is never lost and the figure is never destroyed.

The fulfillment or reality always comes. Furthermore, a type has its own meaning apart from the antitype (Joh 3:14 with Num 21:1-35).

The details of a type (as with parables, allegories, and symbols) are not to be stressed; nor are they to be interpreted apart from the antitype; only the intended truth should be emphasized.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 670Four Classes of Types1. Typical Persons:

(1)    Adam was a type of Christ who was yet to come (Rom 5:12-21; 2 Cor. 15:45-49).

(2)    Melchizedek was a type of the eternal priesthood of Christ (Gen 14:18-24; Heb 5:5-9; Heb 6:20; Heb 7:1-10, Heb 7:17);

a type of combined kingship and priesthood (Heb 7:1-3 with Zec 6:12-13); and a type of eternal existence (Heb 7:3, Heb 7:6 with Mic 5:1-2; Joh 1:1-3; Heb 1:8).

(3)    Abraham offering up his only promised son was a type of God offering His only begotten Son (Gen 22:1-24; Joh 3:16; Heb 11:17-19).

(4)    Isaac was a type of the resurrection of Christ (Gen 22:1-24; Heb 11:19).

(5)    Moses was a type of Christ as the prophet of God (Deu 18:15-19; Act 3:19-26), and of faithfulness (Heb 3:1-6).

(6)    Aaron was a type of the high priesthood of Christ (Heb 5:1-5).

(7)    Jonah was a type of the death, burial, descension (into the lower parts of the earth for three days), and resurrection of Christ (Jon 2:1-10; Mat 12:40; Eph 4:8-10).

2. Typical Events:(1)    The flood was typical of baptism (1Pe 3:20-21).(2)    Some of the events during Israel’s wandering in the

wilderness were typical of things Christians would face (2Co 10:1-13).

(3)    The lifting up of the brazen serpent in the wilderness was typical of the crucifixion of Christ and benefits of the cross to be realized by others (Joh 3:14; Num 21:1-35).

3. Typical Acts:(1)    Smiting the rock as in Exo 17:1-16 was typical of Christ

being crucified or smitten for people (2Co 10:4).(2)    Smiting the rock the second time instead of speaking to it

was typical of crucifying Christ afresh (Num 20:1-29; 2Co

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 67110:4; Heb 6:6).

(3)    Rejecting the chief cornerstone was typical of the rejection of Christ (Isa 28:16; Mat 21:42).

(4)    The many acts of the priests in the tabernacle worship were typical of various aspects of redemption through Christ: killing animals; shedding and sprinkling blood; burning incense; the showbread; lighting lamps; and the daily and yearly rituals were all typical acts, fulfilled in Christ and His redemptive work (Heb 7:11-28; Heb 8:1-6; Heb 9:1-28; Heb 10:1-22).

4. Typical Institutions:(1)    The whole Mosaic institution of offerings and worship

was typical of things to come in the sacrifice and redemptive work of Christ and the worship of God in the true way (Exo 12-13; Exo 25:1-40:38; Heb 7-10).

(2)    The Aaronic priesthood, the garments of the priests, and other aspects of the ministry of the law were typical of Christ and His redemptive work (Exo 28-29; Heb 7-10).

(3)    The sabbath for Israel was typical of the eternal rest in Christ and of that which is to come for all the redeemed (Exo 20:8-11; Exo 31:12-18; Deu 5:15; Heb 4:1-16).

(4)    The feasts of Israel were typical of various aspects of redemption through Christ (Exo 12:1-51; Lev 23:1-44; 2Co 5:7; Heb 5-10).

(5)    The temple and all the rituals of worship carried on in it were typical of the same things that the tabernacle and its worship were typical of.

(6)    The tabernacle and temple, their compartments, and furniture were themselves typical of the heavenly tabernacle Christ entered into (Heb 8:1-5; Heb 9:1-10, Heb 9:23-24).

Interpretation of Types1. Only the point or points of resemblance between the type and

the antitype should be emphasized; they should not be used as the basis of other doctrines which they do not typify.

2. Types should be understood and interpreted only in the light of their antitypes.

3. Plain historical events should not be made typical simply

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 672because there are some points of resemblance between them and New Testament truths.

4. The type and the antitype must agree with each other as well as with all related scriptures.

5. The historical sense of Scripture or the literal meaning of the words telling of the type or antitype should never be destroyed.

6. All "hidden" meanings of the words should be avoided, for such explanation only leads to confusing interpretations.

How Much of the Old Testament Is Typical?That the above mentioned Old Testament persons, events, acts, and institutions are types is proved by plain statements in the New Testament How much more, if any, of the Old Testament is typical is speculation.

Portions of the Old Testament are typical only as the New Testament affirms them as such.

Anything beyond this should be considered as illustration in teaching.

Many applications can be taken from similarities between Old Testament facts and New Testament truths; but to make these types and antitypes is not allowed by Scripture.

True types meet all the above requirements on definition, essential characteristics, etc.

Biblical characters are often presented as types. While they make interesting studies, they are not true biblical types, because they lack identification as such in the New Testament.

The life of Joseph compared to that of Christ is such an example. Not recognized as type and antitype in Scripture, the two lives nevertheless have many similarities and the facts about them make impressive illustrations.

Similarities between Joseph and Christ1. Both were familiar with the shepherd’s life (Gen 37:2; Joh

10:1-42).2. Loved by Father (Gen 37:2; Joh 17:24).3. Hated by brethren (Gen 37:8; Joh 15:25).4. Brethren did not believe in them (Gen 37:20; Joh 7:5).5. Their rule rejected (Gen 37:8; Joh 19:15).6. They were envied (Gen 37:11; Mar 15:10).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6737. Their sayings were observed (Gen 37:11; Luk 2:51).8. They were sent to brethren (Gen 37:13; Luk 20:13).9. They went after brethren (Gen 37:14; Joh 1:1-51).10. Brethren conspired against them (Gen 37:18; Mat 26:15).11. They were stripped (Gen 37:23; Mat 27:28).12. Brethren sat down to watch them in sufferings (Gen 37:25;

Mat 27:36).13. Each was sold for money (Gen 37:28; Mat 26:15).14. Under testing, both went to Egypt (Gen 37:36; Mat 2:14-15).15. The Lord was with them (Gen 39:2; Joh 16:32).16. Fully trusted (Gen 39:4-8; Joh 3:35)17. Men blessed for their sake (Gen 39:5; Eph 1:3)18. Compassionate (Gen 40:7; Luk 23:17)19. Servants (Gen 40:4; Luk 22:27)20. Both asked men to think of them (Gen 40:14; 2Co 11:24).21. They were anointed (Gen 41:38; Act 10:38).22. They ruled their own house (Gen 41:40; Heb 3:1-19).23. They were sovereigns (Gen 41:44; Joh 15:5).24. Enemies bowing to them (Gen 41:43; Php 2:10).25. Each began a great work at thirty years of age (Gen 41:46;

Luk 3:23).26. People were told to obey both (Gen 41:55; Joh 2:5).27. They opened storehouses (Gen 41:56; Luk 24:27-52).28. They supplied all countries (Gen 41:57; Rev 5:9-10; Rev 7:9-

17).29. They knew people (Gen 42:7-8; Joh 2:24-25).30. Brethren knew them not (Gen 42:8; Joh 1:10).31. Each wept (Gen 42:17; Joh 11:35).32. They met all needs (Gen 42:25; Php 4:19).33. They made themselves known to brethren (Gen 45:1; Luk

24:31).34. They introduced themselves (Gen 44:3; Act 9:5).35. They invited people to come to them (Gen 44:18; Mat 11:28).36. They were discovered to be alive after they were thought

dead (Gen 44:26; Act 25:19; Rev 1:1-20).37. They bought people (Gen 47:23; 2Co 6:1-18; 20).38. They comforted people (Gen 50:19; Joh 14:11).39. They told people not to fear (Gen 50:19; Mat 14:27; Mat

17:7; Mat 28:10).40. They forgave brethren and made promises to them in the end

(Gen 50:17-21; Luk 24:47-51; Act 1:8-14).

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 674Examples of So-Called TypesEve, Rebekah, Ruth, and other women of the Old Testament are sometimes taken to be types of the church and the bride of Christ, but these are not substantiated in the New Testament. The primary New Testament picture of the church is the body of Christ; as such, it is referred to as a man (Eph 2:14-15; Eph 4:13). See 2Co 10:16; 2Co 12:12,27; Eph 1:21-22; Col 1:18, Col 1:24.

Regarding Christ’s bride, Rev 21:9-10 makes it plain that "the bride, the Lamb’s wife" is "that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God." See Rev 21:2, Rev 21:9-10, notes.

Some attempt to prove the doctrine of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit by the fact that Noah’s ark had three stories. They seek to prove the doctrine of the rapture before the tribulation by the fact that Enoch was translated before the flood, even though it was 669 years before the flood. Others, teaching about the bride of Christ, say He will not marry all the church, or that all in the church are not the bride, simply because Isaac did not marry all the family of Laban. The objection to this method of interpretation is that it wrests the scriptures out of their natural and historical setting and intent.

It destroys the simplicity of the Word of God, detracts from its trustworthiness and leads men to believe there is a hidden and mysterious meaning to every detail of Scripture.

The safe way is to prove every doctrine with plainly related passages, and use any historical event or resembling detail as an illustration of some point in teaching. Innumerable applications can rightly be made apart from the authentic types and antitypes, but that is all they are - illustrations or applications.

22] And Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, made all that the LORD commanded Moses.

[Bezaleel] See note, Exo 35:34.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 67523] And with him was Aholiab, son of Ahisamach, of the tribe

of Dan, an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer in blue, and in purple, and in scarlet, and fine linen.

24] All the gold that was occupied for the work in all the work of the holy place, even the gold of the offering, was twenty and nine talents, and seven hundred and thirty shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary.

[talents] A talent of gold was $600,000.

[shekels] A shekel of gold was $200.

There being 3,000 shekels to a talent, the 29 talents and 730 shekels would make 87,730 shekels or $17,546,000.

25] And the silver of them that were numbered of the congregation was an hundred talents, and a thousand seven hundred and threescore and fifteen shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:

[talents] A talent of silver was $7,500.

26] A bekah for every man, that is, half a shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one that went to be numbered, from twenty years old and upward, for six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty men.

[bekah] A bekah, meaning half, was $125 in silver. Thus, the 603,550 men brought in a total of $754,437.50 for the making of the sockets, hooks, etc.

A half-shekel for each of the 603,550 men would be 301,775 shekels - explained in Exo 38:27-28 as being 100 talents for the sockets with 1,775 shekels left over the hooks, and other items.

Subtracting the 1,775 shekels used for things in Exo 38:28 from the total of 301,775 shekels brought in for this work, gives a balance of 300,000 shekels to be used for the sockets of Exo 38:7.

This was 100 talents (Exo 38:27), showing that one talent is

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6763,000 shekels.

At $2.50 a shekel, 3,000 shekels or one talent of silver would be worth $7,500.

27] And of the hundred talents of silver were cast the sockets of the sanctuary, and the sockets of the vail; an hundred sockets of the hundred talents, a talent for a socket.

[hundred sockets of the hundred talents] The sockets or foundation bases were made of silver equal to a cost of $7,500 each.

The 1,775 extra shekels of silver, above the amount needed for the 100 bases (100 talents), were used to make hooks for the posts, to overlay the tops with silver, and to make the rods from the top of the posts to stakes in the ground, to hold up the posts and curtain walls (Exo 38:28).

[talent for a socket] $7,500 worth of silver for each socket.

28] And of the thousand seven hundred seventy and five shekels he made hooks for the pillars, and overlaid their chapiters, and filleted them.

[hooks for the pillars] The tops of the posts covered with silver, the hooks and silver rods from the tops of the posts on two sides to brass stakes in the ground must have been beautiful.

[chapiters] Capitals or tops of the posts.

[filleted them] Joined them to brass stakes on either side of the posts which were driven in the ground.

29] And the brass of the offering was seventy talents, and two thousand and four hundred shekels.

[seventy talents, and two thousand and four hundred shekels] A talent of brass is supposed by some to be 1,500 shekels, but this could not be, for according to Exo 38:29, there were 2,400 shekels left over after counting out the 70 talents.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 677From this we learn that a talent of brass is more than 2,400 shekels.

Supposing then that brass, like gold or silver, is 3,000 shekels a talent, 70 talents would be 210,000 shekels.

Added to the 2,400, this would make a total of 212,400 shekels of brass.

At 240 grains to the shekel this would be 47,577,600 grains.

Reduced to troy weight (with 5,760 grains to the pound) it would be 8,850 lbs.

At $2 per lb. this would be $17,700.

The Value and Weight of the Metal in the TabernacleTotal Value of Gold, Silver and Brass:

1. Gold (87,730 shekels at $200) $17,546,000.002. Silver (301,775 shekels at $2.50) 754,437.503. Brass (212,400 shekels or 8,850 lbs.

at $2 a lb.)17,700.00

Total value $18,318,137.50

Total Weight of Metals in Pounds:1. Gold (87,730 shekels or 21,055,200

grains), approximately3,655

2. Silver (301,775 shekels or 72,426,000 grains), approximately

12,574

3. Brass (212,400 shekels or 50,976,000 grains)

8,850

Total pounds 25,079

Shekels in the above were reduced to grains by using 240 grains to the shekel, then reduced to pounds by using 5,760 grains to the troy weight pound.

30] And therewith he made the sockets to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the brasen altar, and the brasen grate for it, and all the vessels of the altar,

The foundation sockets to the outer court were brass and the ones

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 678for the tabernacle itself were silver (Exo 38:27, Exo 38:30-31). The large altar of sacrifices and all its vessels, the pins or stakes for the tabernacle and outercourt posts were brass (Exo 38:30-31).

31] And the sockets of the court round about, and the sockets of the court gate, and all the pins of the tabernacle, and all the pins of the court round about.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 679

Exodus 39Priestly Garments Made1] And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths

of service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses.

[cloths of service] This is the third mention of the cloths for the service.

They included the aprons, towels, and other cloths needed in the butchering duties and personal cleanliness of the priests (Exo 31:10; Exo 35:19; Exo 39:1, Exo 39:41).

They were not mentioned in the commands to build the tabernacle (Exo 25:1-30:38).

[garments for Aaron] The garments of the priests were the last things made, or at least last mentioned in the commands to build the tabernacle (Exo 25:1-30:38).

2] And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

[ephod] See the notes at Exo 28:5-14.

3] And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work.

[beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires] This explains how they made the gold wires used in the embroidery work on the curtains and priests’ garments.

Iron anvils (or something similar) were likely used to beat the gold into thin plates; and scissors of some kind were used to cut the thin plates into small strips which were further beaten into wire.

4] They made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6805] And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was

of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses.

[curious girdle] See note, Exo 28:8.

6] And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets are graven, with the names of the children of Israel.

[ouches of gold] See note, Exo 28:13.[names of the children of Israel] See note, Exo 28:12.

7] And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Breastplate Made8] And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the

work of the ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

[breastplate of cunning work] See the notes at Exo 28:15-29.

9] It was foursquare; they made the breastplate double: a span was the length thereof, and a span the breadth thereof, being doubled.

10] And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.

[four rows of stones] See The Order of Stones and Names of the Tribes.

11] And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

12] And the third row, a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 68113] And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they

were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.14] And the stones were according to the names of the

children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes.

15] And they made upon the breastplate chains at the ends, of wreathen work of pure gold.

16] And they made two ouches of gold, and two gold rings; and put the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate.

17] And they put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings on the ends of the breastplate.

18] And the two ends of the two wreathen chains they fastened in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod, before it.

19] And they made two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, upon the border of it, which was on the side of the ephod inward.

20] And they made two other golden rings, and put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart of it, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod.

21] And they did bind the breastplate by his rings unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it might be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate might not be loosed from the ephod; as the LORD commanded Moses.

[as the LORD commanded Moses] See Exo 28:15-29.

Priestly Garments22] And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of

blue.[robe of the ephod] See the notes at Exo 28:31-35.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 68223] And there was an hole in the midst of the robe, as the

hole of an habergeon, with a band round about the hole, that it should not rend.

24] And they made upon the hems of the robe pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen.

25] And they made bells of pure gold, and put the bells between the pomegranates upon the hem of the robe, round about between the pomegranates;

26] A bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, round about the hem of the robe to minister in; as the LORD commanded Moses.

27] And they made coats of fine linen of woven work for Aaron, and for his sons, 28] And a mitre of fine linen, and goodly bonnets of fine linen, and linen breeches of fine twined linen,

[coats of fine linen] See the notes at Exo 28:39-43.

29] And a girdle of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, of needlework; as the LORD commanded Moses.

30] And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like to the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD.

[plate of the holy crown of pure gold] See the notes at Exo 28:36-38.

This completed the work of the tabernacle and the priests’ garments (Exo 39:32).

31] And they tied unto it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high upon the mitre; as the LORD commanded Moses.

32] Thus was all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation finished: and the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did they.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 683[all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did they] Scripture

records the acts of obedience of those who follow God, as well as the acts of disobedience.

Works Brought to Moses33] And they brought the tabernacle unto Moses, the tent,

and all his furniture, his taches, his boards, his bars, and his pillars, and his sockets,

[brought the tabernacle unto Moses ...]Thirty-nine Things which Were Brought to Moses1. The tent (Exo 39:33)2. Furniture3. Taches (hooks)4. Boards5. Bars6. Pillars (posts)7. Sockets (bases)8. Covering ram’s skins (Exo 39:34)9. Covering of badger skins10. The inner veil11. The ark (Exo 39:35)12. Its staves13. The mercy seat14. The table of showbread15. The vessels of the table of showbread (Exo 39:36)16. The showbread itself17. The candlestick (Exo 39:37), i.e. the lampstand18. Its lamps19. Its vessels20. Oil21. The golden altar (Exo 39:38)22. The anointing oil23. Sweet incense24. The tabernacle door (flap)25. The brazen altar (Exo 39:39)26. Its grating27. Its staves28. Its vessels29. The laver and its foot

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 68430. The outer court (Exo 39:40)31. Its pillars32. Its sockets33. The court gate34. Its cords35. Its pins36. All vessels37. Cloths (Exo 39:41)38. Holy garments for Aaron39. The garments of the sons of Aaron

Until these things were committed to God, sanctified to Him and He literally took possession of them, they were just things. But once He did, they were His and were holy and needed to be handled as His possessions according to His instructions.

34] And the covering of rams’ skins dyed red, and the covering of badgers’ skins, and the vail of the covering,

35] The ark of the testimony, and the staves thereof, and the mercy seat,

36] The table, and all the vessels thereof, and the shewbread,37] The pure candlestick, with the lamps thereof, even with

the lamps to be set in order, and all the vessels thereof, and the oil for light,

[pure candlestick] The pure gold candlestick (Exo 31:8), i.e. lampstand.

38] And the golden altar, and the anointing oil, and the sweet incense, and the hanging for the tabernacle door,

39] The brasen altar, and his grate of brass, his staves, and all his vessels, the laver and his foot,

40] The hangings of the court, his pillars, and his sockets, and the hanging for the court gate, his cords, and his pins, and all the vessels of the service of the tabernacle, for the tent of the congregation,

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 68541] The cloths of service to do service in the holy place, and

the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons’ garments, to minister in the priest’s office.

[in the priest’s office] These garments were to be worn only in the priests’ office (Exo 28:1, Exo 28:43).

42] According to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so the children of Israel made all the work.

43] And Moses did look upon all the work, and, behold, they had done it as the LORD had commanded, even so had they done it: and Moses blessed them.

[look upon all the work] All the work on the tabernacle and the garments of the priests was now finished and brought to Moses for inspection.

He saw that everything was as commanded by Jehovah, and then blessed the skilled and faithful workers (Exo 39:42-43).

[as the LORD had commanded, even so had they done it] This expression, "as the Lord commanded," is found 26 times in Exodus, emphasizing attention to detail and full and complete obedience to God’s directions. (Exo 7:6, Exo 7:10, Exo 7:20; Exo 12:28, Exo 12:50; Exo 16:34; Exo 34:4, Exo 34:18; Exo 35:1; Exo 39:1, Exo 39:5, Exo 39:7, Exo 39:21, Exo 39:26, Exo 39:29, Exo 39:31, Exo 39:32, Exo 39:42, Exo 39:43; Exo 40:19, Exo 40:21, Exo 40:23, Exo 40:25, Exo 40:27, Exo 40:29, Exo 40:32).

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Exodus 40Tabernacle is Set up1] And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,2] On the first day of the first month shalt thou set up the

tabernacle of the tent of the congregation.Eight commands - erectin g of the tabernacle: 1. Set up the tabernacle on the first day of the first month (Exo

40:2). This was 11½ months to the very day, from the time they left Egypt (Exo 12:40-41; Num 33:1-3).

2. Put the ark of the testimony in the most holy place and hang up the inner veil (Exo 40:3).

3. Bring in the table of showbread and set all things in order upon it (Exo 40:4).

4. Bring in the candlestick (lampstand) and light the lamps.5. Set the golden altar of incense before the ark this side of the

veil, and hang the outer veil (Exo 40:5).6. Set the brazen altar of sacrifice before the door of the outer

court (Exo 40:6).7. Set the laver of brass between the tabernacle and the brazen

altar and put water in it (Exo 40:7).8. Set up the court walls and hang the court gate (Exo 40:8).

3] And thou shalt put therein the ark of the testimony, and cover the ark with the vail.

4] And thou shalt bring in the table, and set in order the things that are to be set in order upon it; and thou shalt bring in the candlestick, and light the lamps thereof.

5] And thou shalt set the altar of gold for the incense before the ark of the testimony, and put the hanging of the door to the tabernacle.

6] And thou shalt set the altar of the burnt offering before the door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation.

7] And thou shalt set the laver between the tent of the congregation and the altar, and shalt put water therein.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6878] And thou shalt set up the court round about, and hang up

the hanging at the court gate.9] And thou shalt take the anointing oil, and anoint the

tabernacle, and all that is therein, and shalt hallow it, and all the vessels thereof: and it shall be holy.

[take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle ...]Three commands - anointing the tabernacle :1. Take the anointing oil, anoint the tabernacle and all things in it

to be holy (Exo 40:9).2. Anoint the brazen altar in the outer court and all its vessels to

be holy (Exo 40:10).3. Anoint the laver and its foot to sanctify it to be holy (Exo 40:11)

10] And thou shalt anoint the altar of the burnt offering, and all his vessels, and sanctify the altar: and it shall be an altar most holy.

11] And thou shalt anoint the laver and his foot, and sanctify it.

Priests Anointed12] And thou shalt bring Aaron and his sons unto the door of

the tabernacle of the congregation, and wash them with water.

[bring Aaron and his sons unto the door of the tabernacle ...]Four commands - the consecration of priests: 1. Bring Aaron and sons to the laver and wash them with water

(Exo 40:12).2. Put the holy garments upon Aaron, anoint him, and sanctify

him to the office of the high priest (Exo 40:13).3. Bring his sons and put coats upon them (Exo 40:14).4. Anoint them to be priests unto Me forever (Exo 40:15).

13] And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he may minister unto me in the priest’s office.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 68814] And thou shalt bring his sons, and clothe them with

coats:15] And thou shalt anoint them, as thou didst anoint their

father, that they may minister unto me in the priest’s office: for their anointing shall surely be an everlasting priesthood throughout their generations.

16] Thus did Moses: according to all that the LORD commanded him, so did he.

Inner Rooms Set Up17] And it came to pass in the first month in the second year,

on the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was reared up.

[first month] The first month, but the full year had not yet ended. On the fourteenth of this month a year before, the first passover had been held (Exo 12:2-6, Exo 12:18).

In fifteen more days they could say that a year before they had left Egypt; so the tabernacle was set up in one day exactly 11½ months after they had left Egypt.

On the fourteenth of this month the second year they kept the second passover (Num 9:1-3). On the first day of the second month Israel was numbered (Num 1:1-2). On the twentieth day of the second month, fifty days after the tabernacle was set up, it was taken down and the journey to Canaan was resumed (Num 10:11-13).

During these fifty days the book of Leviticus and Num 1:1-10:10 were very likely written and the events therein transpired.

18] And Moses reared up the tabernacle, and fastened his sockets, and set up the boards thereof, and put in the bars thereof, and reared up his pillars.

[Moses reared up the tabernacle ...]Six Acts of Moses - Setting up Tabernacle

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6891. Moses fastened sockets or foundations.2. Moses set up the boards for the wall.3. Moses put in the bars to make walls firm.4. Moses set up the pillars or posts.5. Moses spread tent over tabernacle (Exo 40:19).6. Moses put coverings over the tent.

Moses almost certainly supervised the Levites who actually performed the work under Moses’ watchful eye and direction.

Many of the items and tasks were too heavy for one man, much less an 80+ year old man to perform alone in one day.

19] And he spread abroad the tent over the tabernacle, and put the covering of the tent above upon it; as the LORD commanded Moses.

20] And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark:

[took and put the testimony into the ark ...]Six Acts - Arranging the Most Holy Place 1. Moses put the two tables of the testimony, the Ten

Commandments, inside the ark.2. Moses set the staves on the ark.3. Moses put the mercy seat upon the ark.4. Moses brought the ark into most holy place (Exo 40:21).5. Moses hung the inner veil.6. Moses covered the ark.

21] And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the vail of the covering, and covered the ark of the testimony; as the LORD commanded Moses.

22] And he put the table in the tent of the congregation, upon the side of the tabernacle northward, without the vail.

[put the table in the tent of the congregation ...]Six Acts - Arranging the Holy Place 1. Moses put the table in the holy place on the side of the

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 690tabernacle northward.

2. Moses set the bread in order upon it (Exo 40:23).3. Moses put the candlestick on the opposite side of the

tabernacle (Exo 40:24).4. Moses lit the lamps before Jehovah (Exo 40:25).5. Moses put the golden altar before the ark just this side of the

inner veil (Exo 40:26).6. Moses burnt sweet incense on it (Exo 40:27).

23] And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as the LORD had commanded Moses.

24] And he put the candlestick in the tent of the congregation, over against the table, on the side of the tabernacle southward.

25] And he lighted the lamps before the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses.

26] And he put the golden altar in the tent of the congregation before the vail:

27] And he burnt sweet incense thereon; as the LORD commanded Moses.

28] And he set up the hanging at the door of the tabernacle.[set up the hanging at the door of the tabernacle ...]Eight Acts - the Arrangement of Outer Court 1. Moses hung the outer veil to the tabernacle.2. Moses put the brazen altar by the door of the outer court (Exo

40:29).3. Moses offered burnt offerings and meat offerings to the Lord.4. Moses set the laver between the brazen altar and the

tabernacle door (Exo 40:30).5. Moses put water in the laver.6. Moses washed hands and feet before service in the tabernacle

worship (Exo 40:31-32).7. Moses set up the outer court (Exo 40:33).8. Moses hung the gate to the outer court.

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 69129] And he put the altar of burnt offering by the door of the

tabernacle of the tent of the congregation, and offered upon it the burnt offering and the meat offering; as the LORD commanded Moses.

30] And he set the laver between the tent of the congregation and the altar, and put water there, to wash withal.

31] And Moses and Aaron and his sons washed their hands and their feet thereat:

[washed their hands and their feet] Such washings were done by the persons themselves, and could not be called baptisms, as some teach.

32] When they went into the tent of the congregation, and when they came near unto the altar, they washed; as the LORD commanded Moses.

33] And he reared up the court round about the tabernacle and the altar, and set up the hanging of the court gate. So Moses finished the work.

[Moses finished the work.] Moses personally supervised all the work of setting up the tabernacle and carried on the priestly work until it was finished. He was the one who had received the instructions and commands concerning these matters so he saw to it that everything was done as commanded. All the acts of Exo 40:18-33 were mainly those of Moses.

He showed those who were to be responsible for taking down and setting up the tabernacle how to do everything. He was the first to light the lamps (Exo 40:25), to burn incense on the golden alter (Exo 40:26-27), to offer burnt and meat offerings (Exo 40:29), to wash in the laver (Exo 40:31), and to anoint and sanctify the high priest and other priests (Exo 40:12-15). He was the one who anointed the whole tabernacle and furniture (Exo 40:9-11), and placed all the furniture where it was commanded to be (Exo 40:20-33).

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Cloud Enters Tabernacle34] Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and

the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle.[Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the

glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle] The cloud (the symbol of the visible presence of God) and the glory of God filled the tabernacle when all things were completed, anointed, sanctified, and made holy for divine services and the Divine Presence.

Moses could not enter the tabernacle for such overwhelming glory (Exo 40:35). A similar glory appeared when Solomon finished the temple (1Ki 8:10-11).

About 650 years of blessings and curses were experienced by the nation between these two events.

35] And Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, because the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle.

36] And when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel went onward in all their journeys:

[when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel went onward in all their journeys]

This was the sign for Israel either to move or make camp in all their journeys (Exo 40:36-38; cp. Exo 13:21-22).

37] But if the cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it was taken up.

38] For the cloud of the LORD was upon the tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys.

Seven Ways that the Second Descent of Moses differed from First (Ex 32:15; compared to Ex 34:29)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 693Moses is a model of Jesus Christ. Two descents:

The first time, the Law is broken, Israel’s hearts are hard, they are worshiping idols,..

The Second Time1) Moses appeared radiant (Col 3:4)2) Tables of stone not broken (Deut 10:4; Jer 31:33)3) Sabbaths with Millennial reference (Ex 35:1-3)4) Hearts of Israel, free will offering (Zeph 3:9,10)5) They do all He has commanded (Ex 36:27)6) Tabernacle now set up (Zech 6:13)7) Lord dwells in their midst (Zech 2:10) and Lord visibly

displayed (Isa 4:5). (Cf. Rev 21:3,4)

Exodus and Revelation: one author, same subject - redemption:Exodus introduces it, Revelation climaxes it.

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Bibliography

Basic References: Bullinger, E.W., The Companion Bible, Zondervan Bible

Publishers, Grand Rapids, MI, 1958. Cole, R. Alan, Exodus, Intervarsity Press, Downers Grove, IL,

1973. (Primarily exegetical.) Davis, John J., Moses and the Gods of Egypt, BMH Books,

Winona Lake, IN, 1971. (Excellent historical and archeological background.)

Fox, Everett, Genesis and Exodus, Schocken Books, New York, 1990.

Gutzke, Manford George, Plain Talk on Exodus, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1974. (Practical lessons for the life of the believer.)

Henry, Matthew and Thomas Scott, Commentary on the Holy Bible, Thomas Nelson Publishing Company, NY, 1979.

Jamieson, Rev. Robert, Rev. A.R. Fausset and Rev. David Brown, A Commentary Critical, Experimental, and Practical on the Old and New Testaments, William B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1948. (A favorite general commentary in 5 volumes.)

Keil, C.F., and Delitzsch, F., Commentary on the Old Testament in Ten Volumes, Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI, 1978. (Classic, exegetical, critical, dull and only for the serious student.)

McGee, J. Vernon, Exodus (2 volumes), Thru the Bible Books, Pasadena, CA, 1975. (Two small readable paperbacks.)

McQuay, Earl P., Joseph, Seeing God in the Worst of Times, Accent Books, Denver, CO, 1989.

Pink, Arthur W., Gleanings in Exodus, Moody Press, Chicago, IL, 1972. (An outstanding devotional commentary by one of my favorite authors. Deeply rewarding and the primary reference for this study.) The Ten Commandments, Reiner Publications, Swengel, PA, 1971.

Ramm, Bernard L., His Way Out, Regal Books, a division of G/L Publications, Ventura, CA, 1974. (Practical, for the beginning student.)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 695 Scofield, C.I., The New Scofield Study Bible, (KJV) Oxford

University Press, New York, 1967. Spence, H.D.M. and Joseph S. Exell (editors), The Pulpit

Commentary, volume 1, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1961. (23 volume general commentary; occasionally useful, often disappointing.)

Velikovsky, Immanuel, Worlds in Collision, Doubleday & Co., New York, 1950.

Zevit, Ziony, “Three Ways to Look at the Ten Plagues,” Bible Review, volume VI, Number 3, June 1990, pages 16-23.

The Tabernacle: DeHaan, M.R., The Tabernacle, the House of Blood,

Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1955. (One of the most rewarding volumes on this fascinating and fruitful subject. A must.)

Ederscheim, Alfred, The Temple, Its Ministry and Services, Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI, 1958. (Primarily focused on the Temple at the time of Christ, this is a fabulous study on the Christian significance of the Levitical observances by a noted Rabbi who became famous Episcopal Bishop.)

Jones, Vendyl, et al. The Search for the Ashes of the Red Heifer, Southwest Radio Church, Oklahoma City, OK, 1981. (Transcript of fascinating interview with the man that the fiction “Indiana Jones” in “Raiders of the Lost Ark” was named after.)

Missler, Chuck, The Mystery of the Lost Ark, Koinonia House, Coeur d’Alene, ID, 1994.

Soltau, Henry W., The Tabernacle, The Priesthood, and the Offerings, Kregal Publication, Grand Rapids, MI, 1972.

Soltau, Henry W., The Holy Vessels and Furniture of the Tabernacle, Kregal Publications, (from Yapp & Hawkins, London, 1851).

Wead, D., Lewis, D., and Donaldson, H., Where is the Lost Ark?, Bethany House Publishers, Minneapolis, MN, 1982. (Readable, fascinating compendium of current and previous searches, including the original “Jones” popularized in the recent movie spoof.)

Technical and Scientific Background:

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 696 Missler, Chuck, Cosmic Codes, Koinonia House, Coeur

d’Alene, ID, 1999. Patten, Donald W.; Hatch, Ronold R.; Steinhauer, Loren D.,

The Long Day of Joshua and Six Other Catastrophes, Pacific Meridian Publishing Co., Seattle, WA, 1973. (A fascinating discussion of the evidence that Biblical catastrophes were caused by the planet Mars. Stimulating; speculative; technical.)

Velikovsky, Immanuel, Worlds in Collision, Doubleday and Co., Garden City, NY, 1950. (Imaginative and scholarly classic; caused major uproar when originally published, but has captured increasing respect in recent years. Stimulating background reading, although not a Christian apologetic.)

Velikovsky, Immanuel, Ages in Chaos, Doubleday & Col, Garden City, NY, 1952. (A sequel to the work above, from Exodus to King Akhnaton.)

Basic Tools: Bullinger, E.W., The Companion Bible, Zondervan Bible

Publishers, Grand Rapids, MI, 1958. Scofield, C.I., The New Scofield Study Bible, (KJV) Oxford

University Press, New York, 1967. (Still my favorite, after using most of the others. Note: the 1967 revision, a substantial improvement over the classic edition.)

Strong, James, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, New York, NY, 1980. (One of the handiest tools for both the beginning and advanced student.)

Unger, Merrill F., Unger’s Bible Handbook, Moody Press, Chicago, IL, 1966. (Compact, helpful, basic aid and companion.)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 6972,713 Commands in the Law of MosesThese commands do not include the 106 in Genesis, only those beginning with the life of Moses. They are divided into 4 sections, as follows:1. The 203 commands to Moses before the Ten Commandments

were given. Most of these were personal commands directing Moses in his war with Pharaoh, the exodus, and the journey to Sinai

(Exo 3:5, Exo 3:10, Exo 3:14-16, Exo 3:18; Exo 4:3-4, Exo 4:6-7, Exo 4:12, Exo 4:15-17, Exo 4:19, Exo 4:21-22, Exo 4:27; Exo 6:6, Exo 6:11, Exo 6:13, Exo 6:29; Exo 7:2, Exo 7:9, Exo 7:15, Exo 7:19; Exo 8:1, Exo 8:5, Exo 8:16, Exo 8:20; Exo 9:1, Exo 9:8, Exo 9:13, Exo 9:22; Exo 10:1, Exo 10:12, Exo 10:21; Exo 11:2; Exo 12:2-27, Exo 12:43-49; Exo 13:2-3, Exo 13:5-16; Exo 14:2, Exo 14:13, Exo 14:15-16, Exo 14:26; Exo 15:25; Exo 16:4-5, Exo 16:9, Exo 16:16, Exo 16:19, Exo 16:23, Exo 16:25-26, Exo 16:29, Exo 16:32-33; Exo 17:5-6, Exo 17:14; Exo 19:3, Exo 19:10, Exo 19:12-15, Exo 19:20-24).

2. The Ten Commandments, including 37 statements (Exo 20:3-17; Deu 5:1-21).

3. The 155 commands in the first section of the Mosaic covenant — those between the Ten Commandments and the dedication and sealing of the book of the covenant with the blood of animals (Exodus 20:18-24:8).

4. The 2,345 commands which are additions to the book of the law of Moses (Exodus 24:1-Deut. 34:12). In this section there are commands to Moses (Exo 32:34;

Exo 33:1-3, Exo 33:5; Exo 34:1-3, Exo 34:27; Exo 35:4-19; Exo 40:1-15; Num 1:1-4; Num 2:1-34; Num 3:14-16, Num 3:38; Num 11:16-17; Num 12:4; Num 13:1-20; Num 14:25, Num 14:28, Num 14:42; Num 16:21; Num 17:1-5; Num 20:8, Num 20:12-13; Num 21:8-9, Num 21:16, Num 21:34; Num 25:17; Num 26:1-4, Num 26:52-56; Num 27:15-23; Num 31:2; Num 34:1-15; Num 34:16-29; Num 35:1-15; Deu 1:6-8; Deu 2:1-37; Deu 3:1-11, Deu 3:23-29; Deu 4:14; Deu 10:1-11; Deu 31:14-22, Deu 31:30; Deu 32:49-50);

commands to Aaron (Lev 10:6-7; Num 18:1-8; Num 20:25-26);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 698 commands to sons of Uzziel Lev 10:4); commands to Eleazer (Num 16:36-40); commands to Korah (Num 16:6-18); commands to Joshua (Deu 3:21-22; Deu 31:23); Levites

(Num 25:4-9; Num 31:24-27); commands to Israel (Exo 34:11-16; Num 11:18; Num

16:13-16; Num 16:24-26, Num 16:45-50; Num 18:22; Deu 3:18-20; Deu 6:9-10; Deu 10:14-22; Deu 11:2-9; Deu 17:8-11; Deu 19:1-13; Deu 31:6-8, Deu 31:28-30; Deu 32:7, Deu 32:46);

commands to nations (Deu 32:43); commands to and heaven and earth (Deu 32:1).

In all, we have 2,277 commands embodied in 445 laws of Moses, which are listed below.

They were the rules of religion and morals for all Israel until the Messiah should come to make the new covenant.

Many commands are repeated in Scripture, so they are listed here in groups. In the case of the Ten Commandments, for instance, 225 statements repeat some phase of them.

Divine Laws:1. God first (23 commands):

(1) No other gods before Me (Exo 20:3)(2) Sacrifice to no other god (Exo 22:20)(3) Mention no other god (Exo 23:13)(4) Bow not down to other gods (Exo 23:24)(5) Serve no other gods (Exo 23:24)(6) Follow no other gods (Exo 23:24)(7) Destroy every other god (Exo 23:24)(8) Break down their images (Exo 23:24)(9) Make no covenant with others (Exo 23:32)(10) Do not sin against Me (Exo 23:33)(11) Do not let them snare you (Exo 23:33)(12) Worship no other god (Exo 34:14)(13) Do not go whoring after them (Exo 34:15)(14) Do not eat their sacrifices (Exo 34:15)(15) Do not be influenced by them (Exo 34:16)(16) Fear Me, not other gods (Deu 6:13)(17) Swear by My name (Deu 6:13)(18) Do not tempt Me (Deu 6:16)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 699(19) Keep My commandments (Deu 6:17)(20) Do right before Me (Deu 6:18)(21) Love Me with all your heart, soul, and might (Deu 6:5,

Deu 6:14-15; Deu 11:1)(22) Do not profane My holy name (Lev 22:32)(23) Be perfect with the Lord (Deu 18:13)

2. Idolatry (38 commands):(1) Make no images of any kind (Exo 20:4, Exo 20:23; Exo

34:17; Lev 19:4; Lev 26:1; Deu 4:15-19; Deu 5:8-10; Deu 16:21-22; Deu 27:15)

(2) Bow not down to them (Exo 20:5; Lev 26:1)(3) Do not serve them (Exo 20:5)(4) Sacrifice no child to them (Lev 18:21)(5) Turn not to them (Lev 19:4)(6) Do not set them up (Lev 26:1)(7) Do not be corrupted by them (Deu 4:16)(8) Do not be driven to worship them or any heavenly body

(Deu 4:15-19)(9) Do not serve them (Deu 5:8-9; Deu 7:16; Deu 11:16; Deu

13:1-11)(10) Do not be deceived by them (Deu 11:16; Deu 12:30)(11) Do not inquire about them (Deu 12:30)(12) Destroy all who serve them (Deu 13:1-18; Deu 17:2-7)

3. Blasphemy (12 commands):(1) Do not take God’s name in vain (Exo 20:7; Deu 5:11)(2) Do not revile rulers (Exo 22:28)(3) Do not swear by God’s name falsely (Lev 19:12)(4) Do not profane His name (Lev 19:12)(5) Fear your God (Lev 19:14)(6) Death for blasphemy (Lev 24:10-16)

Typical, Memorial, Ritual Laws:1. Weekly sabbaths (62 commands):

(1) Remember to keep holy (Exo 20:8; Exo 35:2)(2) Do no work (Exo 20:10; Lev 23:3; Deu 5:14)(3) Do not cook (Exo 16:23)(4) Abide at home (Exo 16:29)(5) Rest (Exo 23:12; Exo 34:21; Exo 35:2; Lev 23:3)(6) Change showbread (Lev 24:8)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 700(7) Keep as a sign between Me and Israel (Exo 31:13-17; Lev

23:3; Lev 26:2; Deu 5:12; cp. Eze 20:12, Eze 20:20)(8) Whoever works will die (Exo 31:13-17; Exo 35:2; Num

15:32-36)(9) Kindle no fire (Exo 35:3)(10) Sacrifice every sabbath (Num 28:9-10; cp. Eze 46:1-4,

Eze 46:12). Fire for sacrifices permitted(11) Remember to keep sabbath as a memorial of deliverance

from slavery in Egypt (Deu 5:15)

2. Year-long sabbaths (34 commands):(1) Let the land rest the seventh year (Exo 23:10-11; Lev

25:1-7, Lev 25:18-24)(2) Let the vineyards and oliveyards rest (Exo 23:11; Lev

25:1-7)(3) Release debts (Deu 15:1-4)

3. Two-year-long sabbaths (35 commands):(1) Count seven sabbaths or years—seven sabbatic years

(Lev 25:8)(2) Hallow the fiftieth year (which with the seventh sabbatic

year made a two-year sabbath, Lev 25:9-10, Lev 25:12)(3) Proclaim liberty to all and begin another fifty-year business

cycle without debts, mortgages and slavery (Lev 25:9-10, Lev 25:13-17, Lev 25:25-34)

(4) Let all land and vineyards rest as in sabbatic year (Lev 25:11-17)

4. Special yearly sabbaths (138 commands):(1) Observe yearly great day of atonement (Lev 16:31; Lev

23:26-32). This was to be Oct. 10(2) First and seventh days to be feast of unleavened bread

(Lev 23:7-8)(3) Day of Pentecost (Lev 23:21)(4) Day of blowing of trumpets (Lev 23:24-25). This was Oct 1(5) First and eighth days to be feast of tabernacles (Lev

23:33-44)

5. Sacrifices—offerings (21 commands):(1) Make altars of sacrifice (Exo 20:24-25)(2) Offer blood sacrifices with unleavened bread only (Exo

23:18; Exo 34:25)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 701(3) Burn fat before morning (Exo 23:18; Exo 34:25)(4) Boil no sacrifice in its mother’s milk (Exo 23:19; Exo 34:26;

Deu 14:21)(5) No leaven or honey in burnt offerings (Lev 2:11)(6) Salt in all offerings (Lev 2:13)(7) Oil and frankincense on meat offerings (Lev 2:15)(8) Burnt offerings (48 commands):

(A) Bullocks (Lev 1:1-8);(B) Sheep and goats (Lev 1:10-13);(C) Pigeons and doves (Lev 1:14-17; Lev 5:7-10; Lev

12:8);(D) Fine flour (Lev 2:1-3);(E) Law of burnt offerings (Lev 6:8-13; Lev 9:3-4)

(9) Baked offerings (9 commands):(A) Unleavened cakes (Lev 2:4);(B) Unleavened pan cakes (Lev 2:5-6);(C) Law of meat offerings (Lev 6:14-23)

(10) Fried offerings (6 commands): Unleavened cakes (Lev 2:7-9)

(11) Peace offerings (45 commands):(A) Bullock (Lev 3:1-6);(B) Sheep (Lev 3:7-11);(C) Goats (Lev 3:12-17);(D) Law of peace offerings (Lev 7:11-21)

(12) Sin offerings (75 commands):(A) Bullock for priests (Lev 4:1-12);(B) Bullock for people (Lev 4:13-21);(C) Goat for ruler (Lev 4:22-26);(D) Goat for people (Lev 4:27-31);(E) Sheep for people (Lev 4:32-35);(F) Law of sin offerings (Lev 6:24-30)

(13) Trespass offerings (45 commands):(A) Lamb or kid (Lev 5:1-6);(B) Pigeons or doves (Lev 5:7-10);(C) Meat offerings (Lev 5:11-13);(D) Ram (Lev 5:14-19; Lev 6:1-7);(E) Law of trespass offerings (Lev 6:1-7; Lev 7:1-10)

(14) Day of atonement (78 commands):(A) Two kids, one ram for people (Lev 16:5);(B) Bullock for priests (Lev 16:6);(C) Two goats for sin (Lev 16:7-10);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 702(D) Bullock for sin (Lev 16:11-14);(E) Goat for people (Lev 16:15-19);(F) Scapegoat (Lev 16:20-22);(G) Scapegoat leader (Lev 16:26);(H) Offerings burnt (Lev 16:27);(I) Sin offering priest (Lev 16:28);(J) Special laws (Lev 16:29-34)

(15) Dedication of altar: princes’ offerings (Num 7:1-89)(16) General offerings (26 commands):

(A) Lamb burnt offering (Num 15:1-5);(B) Ram burnt offering (Num 15:6-7);(C) Bullock burnt offering (Num 15:8-12);(D) Heave offering (Num 15:17-21);(E) Bullock burnt offering for sin of ignorance (Num 15:22-

26);(F) Goat burnt offering for sin of ignorance (Num 15:27-

29)(17) Red-heifer offering (65 commands):

(A) Burnt sacrifice (Num 19:1-8);(B) Water of separation (Num 19:9-10);(C) Use of water of separation (Num 19:11-21)

(18) Showbread offerings (10 commands):(A) How to make and use (Lev 24:5-9) (19)(B) Daily offerings (Num 28:1-8)

(20) Sabbath offerings (Num 28:9-10)(21) Monthly offerings (Num 28:11-15)(22) Yearly offerings (Numbers 28:16-29:40)(23) Sacrifices to be eaten in 2 days (Lev 19:5-8)(24) Kind of sacrifices (30 commands): Lev 22:17-30; Deu

17:1(25) Place of sacrifices (60 commands):

(A) Tabernacle (Lev 17:1-9);(B) Chosen by God (Deu 12:5-28)

6. Tabernacle laws (329 commands):(1) Built by freewill offerings (Exo 25:1-7; Exodus 35:4-36:7)(2) Commands to build (Exo 25:8-9)(3) The ark (Exo 25:10-16; Exo 37:1-5)(4) Mercy seat (Exo 25:17-22; Exo 37:6-9)(5) Table of showbread (Exo 25:23-30; Exo 37:10-16; Lev

24:5-9)(6) Candlestick (Exo 25:31-40; Exo 37:17-24)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 703(7) Ten linen curtains (Exo 26:1-6; Exo 36:8-13)(8) Eleven goat hair curtains (Exo 26:7-13; Exo 36:14-18)(9) Two coverings of skin (Exo 26:14; Exo 36:19)(10) Forty-eight boards (Exo 26:15-25; Exo 36:20-30)(11) Twenty bars (Exo 26:26-27; Exo 36:31-32)(12) Middle bar (Exo 26:28; Exo 36:33)(13) Boards, bars, rings (Exo 26:29; Exo 36:34)(14) Inner veil (Exo 26:31-33; Exo 36:35)(15) Placement of furniture (Exo 26:34-35)(16) Outer veil (Exo 26:36-37; Exo 36:37-38)(17) Brazen altar (Exo 27:1-8; Exo 38:1-7)(18) Outer court (Exo 27:9-10; Exo 38:9-17)(19) Outside gate (Exo 27:16-17; Exo 38:18-20)(20) Oil (Exo 27:20-21; Exodus 0:22-38; Exo 37:29)(21) Altar of incense (Exo 30:1-10; Exo 37:25-28)(22) Laver of brass (Exo 30:17-21; Exo 38:8)(23) Perpetual light (Lev 24:1-4)(24) Workmen (Exo 31:1-11; Exodus 35:21-36:7)(25) Building and erection (Exo 26:30; Exodus 6:14-38:31;

Exo 40:1-38)(26) Worshipers (Exo 30:11-38)(27) Reverence (Lev 19:30; Lev 26:2)(28) Tabernacle service (Lev 16:1-3)

7. Priesthood laws (628 commands):(1) Chosen from Levi (Exo 28:1-3; Num 1:47-54; Num 3:5-13,

Num 3:40-43)(2) Age of service (Num 8:23-26)(3) Physical qualifications (Lev 21:16-24)(4) Cleansing and consecration of:

(A) Washing (Exo 29:1-4; Lev 8:1-6; Num 8:5-22);(B) Clothing and anointing (Exo 29:5-9; Lev 8:7-13, Lev

8:30);(C) Sacrifices offered for (Exo 29:10-25; Lev 8:14-29; Lev

9:1-2);(D) Remain in tabernacle 7 days (Lev 8:33-36)

(5) Duties of priests and Levites:(A) Not immodest (Exo 20:26);(B) Special garments (Exo 28:1-43; Lev 16:4, Lev 16:23-

25; Deu 22:12);

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 704(C) Have oversight of tabernacle and worship and

services (Lev 2:16; Lev 5:12-18; Leviticus 6:19-7:21; Num 3:21-38; Num 4:1-33; Num 8:1-4);

(D) Keep free from defilement (Lev 21:1-15; Lev 22:1-9);(E) Refrain from strong drink (Lev 10:8-11);(F) Serve as judges (Deu 17:8-13);(G) No inheritance for Levites (Num 18:20-24)

(6) Rewards for service (64 commands):(A) A portion of all sacrifices, tithes and offerings of

everything produced in Israel (Lev 2:10; Lev 7:28-38; Lev 8:31-32; Lev 10:12-15; Lev 22:10-13; Num 18:8-22; Deu 14:22-29; Deu 18:1-5);

(B) The best of everything (Num 18:9-14, Num 18:17-24; Deu 18:3-8)

8. Eight feasts of Jehovah (242 commands):(1) The weekly sabbath (Lev 23:1-3; see point 1 above(2) Passover (Exo 12:1-51; Lev 23:4-5; Num 9:1-14; Num

28:16; Deu 16:1-8)(3) Unleavened bread (Exo 12:14-18; Exo 23:15; Exo 34:18;

Lev 23:6-8; Num 28:17-25; Deu 16:1-8)(4) Firstfruits (Exo 23:16; Exo 34:22, Exo 34:26; Lev 23:9-14;

Num 28:26-31; Deu 26:1-11)(5) Pentecost (Lev 23:15-21; Deu 16:9-12)(6) Trumpets (Lev 23:23-25; Num 10:1-16; Num 29:1-6)(7) Day of atonement (Lev 23:26-32; Num 29:7-11)(8) Tabernacles (Lev 23:33-44; Num 29:12-38; Deu 16:13-15)

9. National laws (35 commands):(1) Three national feasts (Exo 23:14-16; Exo 34:18-22)

(A) Unleavened bread. There were 3 feasts held at the same time—passover, unleavened bread, and firstfruits (Lev 23:4-14);

(B) Pentecost, called the feast of weeks (Exo 34:22; Lev 23:15-21);

(C) Tabernacles, called the feast of ingathering (Exo 34:22; Lev 23:33-44)

(2) All males to appear before God for the 3 seasons of feasts (Exo 23:17; Exo 34:23-24; Deu 16:16-17)

(3) All Israel required to serve God (Exo 23:25)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 705(4) Persons living a great distance from tabernacle to sell their

offerings and buy whatever was needed for feasts at end of journey (Deu 14:22-29)

10. Separation laws (15 commands):(1) Separation from all other people without exception (Exo

23:32-33; Deu 7:1-6; Deu 23:1-5). See Thirty Reasons Why Nations Separated.

(2) Seeds, animals, fabrics (Lev 19:19; Deu 22:9-11)(3) Leprous people (Lev 13:45-46)

11. Unclean things (153 commands):(1) Persons (Lev 11:24-25, Lev 11:28, Lev 11:31, Lev 11:36,

Lev 11:39-40; Num 5:1-4; Deu 23:10-11)(2) Vessels (Lev 11:32-33, Lev 11:35)(3) Meat (Lev 11:1-43; Deu 14:1-21)(4) Water (Lev 11:32-36)(5) Seed (Lev 11:37-39)(6) Creeping things (Lev 11:41-43; Deu 14:11-18)(7) Flying things (Lev 11:13-19; Deu 14:12-18)(8) Fish (Lev 11:9-12; Deu 14:9-10)(9) Animals (Lev 11:26-28; Deu 14:7-8)(10) Houses (Lev 14:33-53)

12. Tithing laws (43 commands):(1) Tithes for Levites (Lev 27:30-34; Num 18:21-24; Deu

14:22)(2) Tithes from tithes of Levites to high priest (Num 18:25-28)(3) Tithes from tithes of all Israel every third year for the

Levites, the poor, and strangers (Deu 14:22-29; Deu 26:12-15)

13. Vow laws (113 commands):(1) Vows of persons (Lev 27:1-8)(2) Dedicated animals (Lev 27:9-13)(3) Dedicated houses (Lev 27:14-15)(4) Dedicated fields (Lev 27:16-25)(5) All dedicated things (Lev 27:28)(6) Nazarite vows (Num 6:1-21)(7) Vows of men binding (Num 30:2)(8) Vows of virgins (Num 30:3-5)(9) Vows of married woman (Num 30:6)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 706(10) Vows of women (Num 30:9-16)(11) All vows binding unless released (Deu 23:21-23)

14. Obedience laws (306 commands):(1) Obey God (Exo 23:20-23)(2) Do not follow pagan practices (Lev 18:1-30; Lev 20:1-27;

Deu 12:29-31; Deu 18:9-12)(3) Obey the law (Lev 19:35-36; Lev 20:8, Lev 20:22; Lev

22:31; Deu 4:1, Deu 4:6, Deu 4:9, Deu 4:40; Deu 6:17; Deu 8:1, Deu 8:11; Deu 10:12-22; Deu 11:1, Deu 11:8; Deu 29:9; Deu 30:16)

(4) Sanctify selves (Lev 20:7)(5) Be holy as God is holy (Lev 11:44-47; Lev 20:7, Lev

20:25-26)(6) Require the king to read and obey the law (Deu 17:14-20)(7) Make a difference between the clean and unclean (Lev

20:25)(8) Hallow God’s name (Lev 22:32)(9) Read the law publicly to all Israel every sabbatic year (Deu

31:10-13)(10) Make fringes and blue ribbons on borders of garments

(Num 15:38-41; Deu 22:12)(11) Teach the law to children (Deu 4:9; Deu 6:6-9; Deu

11:18-20)(12) Do not add or take from the law (Deu 4:2)(13) Do not tempt God (Deu 6:16)(14) Do right in God’s sight (Deu 6:18)(15) Fear the Lord (Deu 10:12, Deu 10:20)(16) Walk in His ways (Deu 10:12; Deu 30:16)(17) Love God with all the heart (Deu 6:4-5; Deu 10:12; Deu

11:1, Deu 11:13; Deu 30:20)(18) Serve the Lord with the whole heart (Deu 10:12, Deu

10:20; Deu 11:13)(19) Circumcise your hearts (Deu 10:16)(20) Be no more stiffnecked (Deu 10:16)(21) Cleave to the Lord (Deu 10:20; Deu 30:20)(22) Swear by His name (Deu 10:20)(23) Take heed not to be deceived or backslide (Deu 4:9-24;

Deu 6:10-19; Deu 8:10-20; Deu 10:12-21; Deu 11:13-17; Deu 12:30-32; Deu 30:15-20)

(24) Forsake not the Levite forever (Deu 12:19)(25) Command to hear Messiah (Deu 18:15-19)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 707(26) Choose life and live (Deu 30:19)

15. False religion laws (33 commands):(1) Do not heed or follow false prophets (Deu 13:1-4)(2) Do not fear them (Deu 18:20-22)(3) Do not provide places of worship for them (Deu 16:21-22)(4) Death to all idolaters and false prophets (Lev 20:1-5; Deu

13:5; Deu 17:2-5)(5) Death to all idolatrous relatives (Deu 13:6-11)(6) Destruction of idolatrous cities (Deu 13:12-18)(7) Do not follow witchcraft, enchantments, astrology,

observers of times, familiar spirits, sorcery, soothsayings, divinations, necromancy, magic, charms, prognostications (Lev 20:6, Lev 20:27; see note, Luk 12:29)

(8) Do not mar or round beards as pagans do honoring their gods (Lev 19:27)

(9) Make no cuttings or marks on the body for the dead (Lev 19:28)

(10) Do not practice any abomination of the nations (Lev 18:24-30; Lev 19:26, Lev 19:31; Lev 20:26; Deu 18:9-14)

16. Miscellaneous laws (84 commands):(1) Law of popular opinion (Exo 23:2)(2) Of respect of persons (Exo 23:3; Deu 21:15-17)(3) Love to enemies (Exo 23:4-5)(4) Redemption money (Exo 30:11-16)(5) Firstborn animals (Exo 34:19-20; Num 18:15-18; Deu

15:19-23)(6) Firstborn males of Israel (Num 3:40-51; Num 18:15-18)(7) No physical markings (Deu 14:1-2)(8) To obey Palestinian covenant (Deu 26:16-19; Deu 27:1-

13; cp. Exo 29:1, Exo 29:12-15)(9) Against witchcraft (Exo 22:18; Lev 19:31; Lev 20:6, Lev

20:27)(10) On eating holy things (Lev 22:1-16)(11) Priest’s daughter not to become a prostitute (Lev 21:9)(12) Law of benediction (Num 6:22-27)

Moral and Civil Laws:1. Family laws (61 commands):

(1) Honor father and mother (Exo 20:12; Deu 5:16)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 708(2) He that smites father or mother shall die (Exo 21:15)(3) He that curses father or mother shall die (Exo 21:17; Lev

20:9)(4) Protect widows and orphans (Exo 22:22)(5) Fear father and mother (Lev 19:3)(6) Reverence parents (Lev 19:32)(7) Parents to teach laws to children, bind on body, write on

doors and gates (Deu 6:6-9)(8) Cursed is he who makes light of father and mother (Deu

27:16)(9) Parents to answer questions of children about God (Deu

6:20-25)(10) Law of divorce and remarriage (Deu 24:1-4)(11) Bridegrooms exempt from war and business for a year

(Deu 24:5)(12) Garments of the opposite sex not to be worn (Deu 22:5)(13) Regarding taking wives of captives (Deu 21:10-13)(14) Regarding divorce of such wives (Deu 21:14)(15) Regarding two wives, one hated and the other loved

(Deu 21:15-17)(16) Regarding betrothed daughters (Exo 21:8-11)(17) Families to be perpetuated (Deu 25:5-10)

2. Murder laws (61 commands):(1) Do not kill (Exo 20:13; Deu 5:17)(2) He that kills shall die (Exo 21:12-15, Exo 21:20, Exo

21:23-25, Exo 21:29; Lev 24:17, Lev 24:22; Num 35:30-34)(3) Willful murder (Num 35:16-21)(4) Involuntary murder (Num 35:22-29)(5) Inquest for the slain (Deu 21:1-9)

3. Sex laws (96 commands):(1) Do not commit adultery (Exo 20:14; Lev 18:20; Deu 5:18)(2) Law on enticing unbetrothed virgin (Exo 22:16-17; Deu

22:28-29)(3) Regarding adultery with married woman, both man and

woman to die (Lev 18:20; Lev 20:10; Deu 22:22)(4) Beastiality: death for both the person and the beast (Exo

22:19; Lev 18:23; Lev 20:15; Deu 27:21)(5) Incest: eighteen classes not to sin with (Lev 18:6-8; Lev

20:17, Lev 20:19-21; Deu 22:30; Deu 27:20-23)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 709(6) Law against relationship with menstruous woman (Lev

18:19; Lev 20:18)(7) Do not prostitute a daughter or cause her to be a whore

(Lev 19:29; Deu 23:17)(8) Death for adultery with father’s wife. Both man and woman

to die (Lev 20:11)(9) Death for both if man commits adultery with daughter-in-

law (Lev 20:12)(10) Sodomy—homosexuality: whoever takes part in the sin is

to die (Lev 18:22; Lev 20:13)(11) Do not marry a mother and daughter. Penalty: all three to

die (Lev 20:14)(12) If a woman sins with a beast, both she and the beast to

die (Lev 20:16)(13) Inquest regarding adultery (Num 5:11-30)(14) Innocent wife protected (Deu 22:13-19)(15) Guilty wife stoned (Deu 22:20-21)(16) Death for rape, in cities (Deu 22:22-23)(17) Death for rape, in country (Deu 22:25-26)(18) No man to become a sodomite in Israel (Deu 23:17)(19) Hire of a whore not to be brought into house of God for

vows (Deu 23:18)(20) Hire of a dog (male prostitute or sodomite) not to be

brought into house of God (Deu 23:18)

4. Stealing laws (12 commands):(1) Do not steal (Exo 20:15; Lev 19:11; Deu 5:19)(2) Stolen cattle to be restored fivefold (Exo 22:1)(3) Stolen sheep (sold or killed) to be restored fourfold (Exo

22:1)(4) No penalty for killing a thief caught stealing (Exo 22:2)(5) Full restitution required when thief is caught and not killed

(Exo 22:3)(6) Slavery for a thief caught who cannot make restitution

(Exo 22:3)(7) Double restitution if cattle or sheep found alive (Exo 22:4)(8) Restitution for crops eaten by stock of a neighbor (Exo

22:5)(9) Double restitution for theft of property from one holding it

in trust (Exo 22:7, Exo 22:10-12)(10) Double restitution if one steals the property held in trust

by him (Exo 22:8-9)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 710(11) Do not rob an employee of his wages (Lev 19:13)(12) Death penalty for kidnapping (Deu 24:7)

5. Lying laws (25 commands):(1) Do not bear false witness (Exo 20:16; Deu 5:20)(2) Do not raise a false report or cooperate with the wicked as

an unrighteous witness (Exo 23:1-2, Exo 23:6-7)(3) Do not lie (Lev 19:11)(4) Do not be a talebearer (Lev 19:16)(5) Death penalty to require two or three witnesses (Deu 17:6-

7; Deu 19:15)(6) A false witness to be put to death (Deu 19:15-21)

6. Covetousness laws (21 commands):(1) Do not covet your neighbor’s house (Exo 20:17; Deu 5:21)(2) Do not covet your neighbor’s wife, man-servant,

maidservant, ox, ass, field, or anything else (Exo 20:17; Deu 5:21)

(3) Do not covet anything that is God’s (Exo 22:29-30)

7. Neighbor laws (75 commands):(1) Do not vex a stranger, or oppress him (Exo 22:21; Exo

23:9; Lev 19:33-34; Lev 25:17)(2) Do not afflict any widow, or orphan (Exo 22:22-24)(3) Do not lend with interest to poor brother in Israel (Exo

22:25)(4) Do not keep garment for a pledge (Exo 22:26-27)(5) Leave gleanings for the poor (Lev 19:9-10; Deu 24:19-22)(6) Do not deal falsely, defraud, or hold back wages (Lev

19:11-13; Deu 24:14-15)(7) Do not protect guilty (Lev 19:16)(8) Love your neighbor (Lev 19:17-18; Deu 23:6-8)(9) Restitution with twenty percent added to any neighbor for

any trespass against him (Num 5:5-8)(10) Do not curse the deaf (Lev 19:14)(11) Do not cause the blind to stumble (Lev 19:14)(12) He that kills a beast shall make it good (Lev 24:18, Lev

24:21)(13) He that causes a blemish in his neighbor, the same shall

be done to him (Lev 24:19-20)(14) One manner of law for Israel and the stranger (Lev 24:22;

Num 15:15-16)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 711(15) You shall not oppress each other (Lev 25:14, Lev 25:17)(16) Relieve a poor neighbor (Lev 25:35; Deu 15:12-15)(17) Do not force the poor into slavery (Lev 25:39)(18) Do not be a hard master (Lev 25:43)(19) Harden not your heart; open it wide to the poor (Deu

15:7-11)(20) Have no respect of persons (Deu 21:15-17)(21) If hungry eat of neighbor’s crops but do not carry any

away (Deu 23:24-25)(22) Do not oppress hired servant (Deu 24:14-15)(23) Do not smite a neighbor (Deu 27:24)

8. Health laws (436 commands):(1) Eat no flesh torn of beasts or that dies of itself (Exo 22:31;

Lev 17:15-16; Lev 22:8; Deu 14:21)(2) Eat no fat; the soul that eats it to be cut off (Lev 7:23-25)(3) The soul that eats any blood to be cut off (Lev 7:27; Lev

17:10-14; Lev 19:26)(4) Beasts that may be eaten (Lev 11:1-3; Deu 14:4-6)(5) Beasts that may not be eaten (Lev 11:4-8; Deu 14:3, Deut.

7-8)(6) Kinds of fish to be eaten (Lev 11:9; Deu 14:9)(7) Kinds of fish not to be eaten (Lev 11:10-12; Deu 14:10)(8) Fowls that may be eaten (Lev 11:13-19; Deu 14:11-18,

Deu 14:20)(9) Flying creeping things to be eaten: locusts, beetles,

grasshoppers (Lev 11:20-23)(10) Creeping things not to be eaten (Lev 11:29-31, Lev

11:41-47; Deu 14:19)(11) Unclean beasts "that go on all four" (Lev 11:26-27)(12) Persons touching carcass of unclean animal, bird, fish or

creeping thing to be unclean until evening (Lev 11:24-31)(13) Any vessel, garment or sack touched by a carcass to be

unclean (Lev 11:32)(14) Unclean earthen vessel to be broken (Lev 11:33)(15) Unclean vessel (not earthen), garment, sack, etc. to be

cleansed by water (Lev 11:32, Lev 11:34)(16) Ovens and ranges for pots touched by carcass to be

broken (Lev 11:35)(17) Fountains and pits with plenty of water to remain clean

(Lev 11:36)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 712(18) Dry seed touched by carcass to be clean; wet to be

unclean (Lev 11:37-38)(19) Anyone who touches even a clean animal that has died,

to be unclean until evening; must wash clothing (Lev 11:39-40)

(20) Purification from uncleanness for boys (Lev 12:1-4)(21) Purification for girls (Lev 12:5)(22) Ceremonial purification of mothers having means (Lev

12:6-7)(23) Purification of poor mothers (Lev 12:8)(24) Diagnosis: leprosy (Lev 13:1-3, Lev 13:7-15, Lev 13:18-

22, Lev 13:24-27, Lev 13:35-36, Lev 13:42-44)(25) Diagnosis: scab (Lev 13:4-6)(26) Diagnosis: boils (Lev 13:16-17, Lev 13:23, Lev 13:28)(27) Diagnosis: scall (Lev 13:29-37)(28) Diagnosis: freckles (Lev 13:38-39)(29) Diagnosis: baldness (Lev 13:40-41)(30) Quarantine for diseases (Lev 13:4-6, Lev 13:11, Lev

13:21, Lev 13:26-27, Lev 13:31-34, Lev 13:50-51, Lev 13:54)

(31) Separation: lepers (Lev 13:45-46)(32) Diagnosis: garment leprosy (Lev 13:47-50)(33) Remedy for garment leprosy (Lev 13:51-59)(34) Ceremonial cleansing of prosperous lepers (Lev 14:1-20)(35) Ceremonial cleansing of poor lepers (Lev 14:21-32)(36) Ceremonial cleansing of house leprosy (Lev 14:33-57)(37) Running issue: men (Lev 15:1-12)(38) Ceremonial cleansing from running issue of men (Lev

15:13-15)(39) Seed of copulation and ceremonial cleansing (Lev 15:16-

18)(40) Running issue: women (Lev 15:19-28)(41) Ceremonial cleansing from running issue of women (Lev

15:29-30)(42) Circumcision of boys the eighth day (Lev 12:3)(43) Bleed all animals to be eaten and bury the blood (Lev

17:13)(44) Eat nothing that dies of itself (Deu 14:21)(45) Have toilet places outside the camp for anyone outside

the camp (Deu 23:10-12)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 713(46) Paddle on weapon to dig with when easing yourself

abroad (Deu 23:13)(47) Keep the camp sanitary and holy (Deu 23:14)(48) Obey health laws (Deu 24:8-9)

9. Rebellion laws (6 commands):(1) Death penalty for presumptuous sins (Num 15:30-31; Deu

17:12-13)(2) Death for stubbornness and rebellion (Deu 21:18-21; Deu

27:26)

10. Humane laws (26 comands):(1) Bring stray animals home, even if they belong to an enemy

(Exo 23:4; Deu 22:1-3)(2) Help animals fallen under a burden, even if they belong to

an enemy (Exo 23:5; Deu 22:4)(3) Do not boil meat of kid in mother’s milk (Exo 23:19; Exo

34:26; Deu 14:21)(4) Do not kill a cow or ewe and her young the same day (Lev

22:28)(5) The young of cattle, sheep, goats not acceptable as

offerings until eight days old (Lev 22:27)(6) Do not take a mother bird and her young; take only the

young (Deu 22:6-7)(7) Do not plow with an ox and ass together (Deu 22:10)(8) Do not muzzle the ox that treads out corn (Deu 25:4)

11. Conquest laws (107 commands):(1) Kill every male, and the women that have known a man

(Num 31:17; Deu 7:2)(2) Keep females that have not known a man (Num 31:18)(3) Whoever kills a person must stay outside the camp seven

days to purify himself (Num 31:19-24)(4) Burn all that can be burned of the loot and purify the rest

with water of separation (Num 31:22-24)(5) Divide prey between army and congregation (Num 31:26-

27)(6) Give Levites one out of five hundred beasts and persons

of the army’s part, and one out of fifty of the congregation’s part (Num 31:28-30)

(7) Make no covenant with and show no mercy to nations of Canaan (Deu 7:1-2; Deu 20:15-18)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 714(8) Make no marriages with them (Deu 7:3-4)(9) Destroy their altars, images, and groves (Deu 7:5-6, Deu

7:25-26; Deu 12:1-4)(10) Do not fear them (Deu 7:18-24; Deu 20:1-4)(11) Do not covet the silver or gold of the images for yourself

or to bring to your house (Deu 7:25-26; Deu 23:9)(12) The priest shall speak and assure Israel of victory (Deu

20:1-4)(13) Four classes exempt from war:(A) Builder of new house which is yet unfinished (Deu 20:5)(B) Planter who has not eaten of his vineyard (Deu 20:6)(C) One who has betrothed a wife (Deu 20:7)(D) Any coward (Deu 20:8)(14) Offer peace to cities at war with, outside Canaan. Make

them tributaries if they surrender; otherwise, besiege them and do as with other conquered people (Deu 20:9-14)

(15) When destroying cities of Canaan, preserve fruit trees but cut others down to use in siege (Deu 20:19-20)

(16) Captive virgins may be taken to wife (Deu 21:10-14)(17) Destroy Amalek completely (Deu 25:17-19)

12. Slave laws (50 commands):(1) Hebrew servants who serve seven years shall be free in

sabbatic year of release (Exo 21:1-2; Deu 15:12-18)(2) One shall take his wife with him if married before

becoming a slave (Exo 21:3)(3) If a slave’s master has given him a wife, both she and her

children shall remain with the master when he goes (Exo 21:4)

(4) If a slave loves his master, his wife and children, he may become a perpetual slave (Exo 21:5-6; Deu 15:16-18)

(5) A woman servant shall not go out as men servants (Exo 21:7)

(6) If a daughter does not please her husband she may be redeemed by the family, but not strangers (Exo 21:8)

(7) If not redeemed, her food, raiment, and duty of marriage shall not be diminished (Exo 21:9-10)

(8) If food, raiment, etc. are diminished, she shall go out free—without money (Exo 21:11)

(9) Adultery with slaves (Lev 19:20-22)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 715(10) Hebrew poor not to be compelled to be slaves, but

treated as hired servants until the year of jubilee, then set free (Lev 25:39-42)

(11) Do not rule over Hebrew servants with severity (Lev 25:43)

(12) Slaves to be from heathen and serve their lifetime, but not ruled with rigor (Lev 25:44-46)

(13) Hebrews selling themselves as slaves to strangers may be redeemed by relatives, or be free in year of jubilee (Lev 25:47-55)

(14) Hebrew servants to be provided for liberally by masters when released (Deu 15:12-15)

(15) Escaped slaves to be given protection and freedom (Deu 23:15-16)

13. Property laws (42 commands):(1) Penalties for owners of mean oxen (Exo 21:28-32)(2) Penalties for carelessness (Exo 21:33-36)(3) Arson (Exo 22:6)(4) Property in trust (Exo 22:7-15)(5) Fruit-bearing trees (Lev 19:23-25)(6) Inheritances for daughters (Num 27:6-11; Num 36:5-9)(7) Penalty for killing beasts (Lev 24:18, Lev 24:21)(8) Landmarks (Deu 19:14; Deu 27:17)(9) Lost things (Deu 22:1-3)(10) House construction law (Deu 22:8)

14. Business laws (14 commands):(1) No interest on loans to God’s people (Exo 22:25; Lev

25:35-37; Deu 23:19)(2) Do not hold raiment as pledge overnight (Exo 22:26; Deu

24:12-13)(3) Take no bribe (Exo 23:8; Deu 16:19; Deu 27:25)(4) Do not oppress one another in business (Lev 25:14)(5) Charge interest to strangers (Deu 23:20)(6) Do not take millstones for pledges (Deu 24:6)(7) When lending to a brother do not go to his house for the

pledge; let him bring it to you (Deu 24:10-11)

15. Justice laws (60 commands):(1) Assault and battery (Exo 21:18-27; Deu 25:11-12)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 716(2) Do not wrest judgment of the poor in his cause (Exo 23:2,

Exo 23:6; Deu 16:19)(3) Keep yourself far from a false matter (Exo 23:7)(4) Do not slay the innocent or the righteous (Exo 23:7)(5) Do no unrighteousness in judgment or business (Lev

19:15, Lev 19:35-36; Deu 1:16; Deu 16:18-20)(6) Relieve a poor brother and take no interest from him (Lev

25:35-37)(7) Have no respect of persons in judgment or otherwise (Lev

19:15; Deu 1:17; Deu 16:19)(8) Follow that which is altogether just (Deu 16:20)(9) Personal responsibility (Deu 24:16)(10) Do not pervert judgment of strangers and orphans (Deu

24:17)(11) Take no raiment pledge of a widow (Deu 24:17-18)(12) Justify the righteous and condemn the wicked (Deu 25:1)(13) Do not exceed what is right in punishment (Deu 25:1-3)(14) Have just weights and measures (Lev 19:35-36; Deu

25:14-16)(15) Cursed is he who perverts the judgment of the stranger,

orphan, or widow (Deu 27:19)

Modes of Punishment by the Law:1. Fire for crimes of:

(1) Marrying a mother and her daughter (Lev 20:14)(2) Priest’s daughter playing the whore (Lev 21:9). Some think

that death for crimes punishable with fire was to be by stoning (Lev 20:2, Lev 20:27), and the burning by fire to be after death as in Jos 7:15, Jos 7:25.

2. Stoning for crimes of:(1) Offering human sacrifices (Lev 20:2)(2) Having a familiar spirit (Lev 20:27)(3) Blasphemy (Lev 24:14, Lev 24:23)(4) Breaking the sabbath (Num 15:33-36)(5) Following false religions (Deu 13:10)(6) Idolatry (Deu 17:5)(7) Stubbornness and rebellion—after scourging fails (Deu

21:18-21)(8) Adultery (Deu 22:21-24)

3. Hanging for any sin worthy of death (Deu 21:22-23)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 7174. Sword for crimes of:

(1) Oppression of strangers, orphans, and widows (Exo 22:21-24)

(2) Rebellion and idolatry (Exo 32:27)(3) Breaking commandments (Lev 26:14-33; Deu 28:15-22)(4) Backsliding (Num 14:43; Deu 32:16-26, Deut. 41-42)(5) Idolatry and false religion (Deu 13:15)

5. Scourging for crimes of:(1) Slave woman committing adultery (Lev 19:20)(2) Minor offenses (Deu 25:1-3)(3) Slander (Deu 22:13-19)(4) Stubbornness and rebellion (Deu 21:18)

6. Hand cut off for any person taking hold of secret parts of another in a fight (Deu 25:11-12)

7. Fines for crimes of:(1) Slander (Deu 22:19)(2) Stealing oxen: five for one (Exo 22:1)(3) Stealing sheep: four for one (Exo 22:1)(4) Slavery for theft (Exo 22:3)(5) Double for ass or sheep if found with the thief (Exo 22:4)(6) The best of own field or vineyard to repay for loss of

another’s (Exo 22:5)(7) Restitution for loss by fire (Exo 22:6)(8) Double for loss of propery in trust (Exo 22:7-8, Exo 22:12)(9) Restitution in kind for loss of borrowed property (Exo

22:14-15)(10) Marriage with or dowry for any virgin not betrothed who is

enticed (Exo 22:16-17)(11) Restoration and twenty percent added for lost property in

trust (Lev 6:1-7)(12) Payment for loss of time and cost of healing caused by

injuries (Exo 21:18-20)(13) Various degrees of penalties for injury to an expectant

mother including life for life, tooth for tooth, eye for eye, etc. (Exo 21:22-25; Lev 24:18-20; Deu 19:19-21)

(14) Freedom to slaves for loss of teeth, eyes, etc. (Exo 21:26-27)

(15) Death to animals killing men (Exo 21:28)(16) Stoning of oxen that kills a slave, plus $75 (Exo 21:32)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 718(17) Money equal to price of beast killed if it falls into

someone’s uncovered pit (Exo 21:33-34)(18) Division of life and dead oxen between owners if one

beast kills another (Exo 21:35)(19) Ox for ox for mean ones that kill others (Exo 21:36)(20) Restoration and twenty percent added if one who is not a

priest eats of holy things in ignorance (Lev 22:14)(21) Twenty percent added to redemption value of dedicated

things (Lev 27:11-29)(22) Trespass sins to be recompensed with twenty percent

added to principal (Num 5:6-8)(23) Rotting of flesh for sin of telling a lie in adultery case

(Num 5:12-31)(24) Public exposure by bringing offerings for trespasses, plus

restitution and twenty percent added (Lev 6:1-7)

Thirty Laws of Genesis Made Part of the Law of Moses: (1) A set place of worship (Gen 4:7 with Lev 17:1-9; Deu 12:5-

7) (2) Animal sacrifices (Gen 3:21; Gen 4:4; Gen 22:7, Gen

22:13 with Exo 29:36; Leviticus 1:1-7:38) (3) A tabernacle of worship (Gen 4:7, Gen 4:16 with Exo 25:8;

Heb 9:1-10) (4) Shedding of blood (Gen 3:21; Gen 4:4; Gen 8:20; Gen

22:13; Heb 12:24 with Lev 17:11) (5) Burnt offerings (Gen 8:20 with Lev 1:1-17) (6) Clean and unclean animals (Gen 7:2; Gen 8:20 with Lev

11:1-47; Deu 14:1-29) (7) Altars (Gen 8:20; Gen 12:8 with Exo 20:24) (8) Eating flesh (Gen 9:3 with Lev 11:1-47) (9) Against eating blood (Gen 9:4 with Lev 7:26; Lev 17:10-

14) (10) Murder (Gen 9:6 with Exo 20:13) (11) Parental authority (Gen 9:25; Gen 18:19) (12) Monogamy (Gen 12:18; Gen 16:1; Mat 19:4-6 with Deu

24:1-2) (13) Adultery (Gen 12:18; Gen 20:3, Gen 20:9; Gen 26:10-11;

Gen 49:4 with Exo 20:14; Lev 20:10) (14) Priesthood (Gen 14:18 with Exodus 28-29) (15) Tithing (Gen 14:20; Gen 28:22 with Lev 27:1-34)

Exodus Commentary TJL Compilation P a g e | 719(16) Covenant making (Gen 15:10, Gen 15:18; Gen 21:27-32;

Gen 31:44-55 with Exodus 19:5-24:8) (17) Perfection (Gen 17:1 with Deu 18:13) (18) Circumcision (Gen 17:1-27 with Lev 12:3) (19) Hospitality (Gen 18:1-8; Gen 19:1-3 with Lev 19:33-34;

Deu 10:18-19) (20) Sodomy (Gen 19:1-38 with Lev 18:1-30) (21) Oaths (Gen 21:23; Gen 24:41; Gen 26:28 with Exo

22:11; Lev 27:1-34; Num 5:19) (22) Birthright (Gen 25:33 with Deu 21:17) (23) Anointing oil (Gen 28:18; Gen 31:13 with Exo 27:20-21;

Exo 30:22-38; Exo 37:29) (24) Idolatry (Gen 35:2 with Exo 20:1-3) (25) Uncleanness (Gen 31:35 with Lev 15:1-33) (26) Intermarriage with uncircumcised peoples (Gen 34:14

with Deu 7:3) (27) Ceremonial cleansing for worship (Gen 35:2 with Exo

19:10) (28) Drink offerings (Gen 35:14 with Exo 29:40; Lev 23:18) (29) Marrying brother’s widow (Gen 38:8 with Deu 25:5-10) (30) Dowry (Gen 34:12 with Exo 22:16)