Micro - satellite Micro - satellite technology in medical technology in medical

prophylaxes of the prophylaxes of the cardiovascular and cardiovascular and nervous diseasesnervous diseases

T.K.BreusT.K.BreusSpace Research Institute RAS (IKI) Space Research Institute RAS (IKI)

September 3-7, 2007, Tarusa, Kaluga districtSeptember 3-7, 2007, Tarusa, Kaluga district

Weak Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) in near - Weak Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) in near - Earth environment – biotropic factors of helio-Earth environment – biotropic factors of helio-

geomagnetic activitygeomagnetic activity

General targets of weak natural EMF in General targets of weak natural EMF in biological systems arebiological systems are

1) cardiovascular system1) cardiovascular system From 10 diseases and traumas registered by Moscow From 10 diseases and traumas registered by Moscow

ambulance call for the three years ambulance call for the three years 1979-1981 1979-1981 only people only people suffered from Myocardial infarctions (MI) and brain strokes suffered from Myocardial infarctions (MI) and brain strokes (IN) were affected by irreversible action of helio-geomanetic (IN) were affected by irreversible action of helio-geomanetic activityactivity

2) 2) Blood systemBlood system Blood coagulation, increase of viscosity, deceleration of blood flow Blood coagulation, increase of viscosity, deceleration of blood flow

in capillary, erythrocytes aggregation were observed during the in capillary, erythrocytes aggregation were observed during the geomagnetic stormgeomagnetic storm

3) 3) Nervous systemNervous system ((see next figuresee next figure))

Cardiovascular systemCardiovascular system 1)1)

Holter monitoring of heart rhythm (HR) and blood pressure (ABP)Holter monitoring of heart rhythm (HR) and blood pressure (ABP)in patient with ischemic heart disease (47 years old)in patient with ischemic heart disease (47 years old)

(Centre of Cardiology , Moscow, Rogoza, Breus et al. (Centre of Cardiology , Moscow, Rogoza, Breus et al. 1995) 1995)

Onset of the magnetic storm -Onset of the magnetic storm - 27.09.1995 27.09.1995 aboutabout 08.30, 08.30, main phase withmain phase with Dst = - 100 nT inDst = - 100 nT in 20.00. 20.00.

Рс1 Рс1 in Sodancule (Finland) appeared before in Sodancule (Finland) appeared before the storm onset and continued till 01.30 the storm onset and continued till 01.30 (middle graph right)(middle graph right)After After Рс1 Рс1 started to act at started to act at 0 033.00.00 (right (right middle)middle) a patient revealed an ischemic a patient revealed an ischemic episodes ST depression (left blackened) and episodes ST depression (left blackened) and ABP increase ABP increase ((leftleft). ). Patient complained on a Patient complained on a strong pain in chest and suffocation at about strong pain in chest and suffocation at about 04. 00. Only administration of some nitrates 04. 00. Only administration of some nitrates helped and stopped pain at 07.00helped and stopped pain at 07.00

Typical photo of cardio-myocyte tissue of Typical photo of cardio-myocyte tissue of rabbit during main phase of geomagnetic rabbit during main phase of geomagnetic storm (upper and low pictures show different storm (upper and low pictures show different regions in cell)regions in cell)

Normal ultra structure of cardio myocyte Normal ultra structure of cardio myocyte of rabbits in quiet geomagnetic of rabbits in quiet geomagnetic conditions. conditions. ((Chibisov, Breus et al. 1995) Chibisov, Breus et al. 1995)

Number of ambulance calls in connection with Number of ambulance calls in connection with MI (upper graph) and Brain Strokes (BS)(lower MI (upper graph) and Brain Strokes (BS)(lower

graph)graph) in in 1979-1981 1979-1981 during days with high during days with high level of geomagnetic activity mentioned at level of geomagnetic activity mentioned at

Figure.Figure.(Villoresi, Breus et al.1994)(Villoresi, Breus et al.1994)

Ordinate axes Ordinate axes ––numbers of MI numbers of MI and BS per day; triangles and BS per day; triangles – – average values for the same average values for the same days. days. ConclusionConclusion::For days with For days with ААаа>60 –>60 –number of MI increases at number of MI increases at 13% (~ 9 13% (~ 9 ) ) fromfrom 82 000 82 000Number of BSNumber of BS increases at increases at 7% (~4,5 7% (~4,5 ) ) fromfrom 98 000 98 000

Cosmonauts Cosmonauts in flight at in flight at ISSISS

Baevskii, Chernikova, FuntovaBaevskii, Chernikova, Funtova, , and Breus (and Breus (20062006))

Examples of heart rate (left) and systolic blood pressure (right) measurements over 24 hours obtained from the same cosmonaut flying on the International Orbital Space Station during 4-6 months. Curve 1 shows data obtained one day immediately after a geomagnetic storm. Curve 2 corresponds to data during quiet geomagnetic conditions. The magnetic storm seems to have affected both variables, notably during the night, a result awaiting replication across subjects and storms.

Magnetic sensibility Magnetic sensibility in healthy people and in healthy people and patients suffered patients suffered from arterial from arterial hypertensionhypertension

Zenchenko N., Tsagareishvili E., Pogoza A., Zenchenko N., Tsagareishvili E., Pogoza A.,

Oschepkova E. and Breus T.KOschepkova E. and Breus T.K. . (Klin. Med. (Klin. Med. N1, 2007)N1, 2007)

Synchronous Synchronous variations of evening data on Systolic variations of evening data on Systolic Blood pressure (SBP) in patient with ArterialBlood pressure (SBP) in patient with Arterial

HypertensionHypertension and the level of geomagnetic activity and the level of geomagnetic activity (Dst ) measured two days before SPB (Dst ) measured two days before SPB

measurements measurements

Synchronous variations of diastolic blood Synchronous variations of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in practically healthy person pressure (DBP) in practically healthy person (Bulgaria) and the level of the geomagnetic (Bulgaria) and the level of the geomagnetic

activity (Kp-index)activity (Kp-index)

date1.10.01 8.10.01 15.10.01 22.10.01 29.10.01 5.11.01 12.11.01

DB

P

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

100

102

104

Kp-

inde

x

0

100

200

300

400

500

600date vs DBP date vs Êð0

Kp-index0 100 200 300 400 500 600

DB

P

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

100

102

104

Êð0 vs DBP Plot 1 Regr

Synchronous variations of diastolic blood Synchronous variations of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in practically healthy person pressure (DBP) in practically healthy person

(Bulgaria) and the level of geomagnetic activity (Bulgaria) and the level of geomagnetic activity (Kp-index)(Kp-index)

date21.10.01 25.10.01 29.10.01 2.11.01 6.11.01

DB

P

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

Kp-

inde

x

0

100

200

300

400

500

600date vs DBP date vs Êð0

2. 2. Distribution of magneto - sensitive Distribution of magneto - sensitive patients among the two groups of therapypatients among the two groups of therapy

In the process of treatment of patients several patients In the process of treatment of patients several patients with specific various heart and blood pressure with specific various heart and blood pressure regulation problems (2-nd group of intensive therapy at regulation problems (2-nd group of intensive therapy at previous figure) were treated by combine medicine previous figure) were treated by combine medicine components.components. These patients had various disturbances These patients had various disturbances in the organs- targets, in particular increase of mass in the organs- targets, in particular increase of mass index of the left heart chamber, which lead usually to index of the left heart chamber, which lead usually to increase of risk of development cardiac decompensate.increase of risk of development cardiac decompensate.

Just in this 2-nd group of patients magneto-sensitivity Just in this 2-nd group of patients magneto-sensitivity was maximal (75% of people) was maximal (75% of people)

In the 1-st group with light form of hypertension only In the 1-st group with light form of hypertension only 25% revealed magneto-sensitivity. 25% revealed magneto-sensitivity.

Explanation of “squeezing” of hypertensive Explanation of “squeezing” of hypertensive treatment treatment

Comparison of individual profiles of ABP of patients Comparison of individual profiles of ABP of patients with geomagnetic and meteo – factors variations over with geomagnetic and meteo – factors variations over several weeks showed that the rhythms of ABP several weeks showed that the rhythms of ABP variations existed despite of permanent treatment and variations existed despite of permanent treatment and that this variations correlated with rhythms of Dst and that this variations correlated with rhythms of Dst and Kp –indexes of geomagnetic activity Kp –indexes of geomagnetic activity , , while local while local “squeezing” of ABP from treatment coincided with “squeezing” of ABP from treatment coincided with variations of meteo- conditions (temperature). variations of meteo- conditions (temperature).

ConclusionsConclusions Patents with arterial hypertension have a Patents with arterial hypertension have a

maximal correlation with geomagnetic activity maximal correlation with geomagnetic activity with 1-2 days delay relatively to a main phase with 1-2 days delay relatively to a main phase of geomagnetic storm (maximal Dst). Similar of geomagnetic storm (maximal Dst). Similar delay had been observed practically in every delay had been observed practically in every previous observations. Correlation of SPB and previous observations. Correlation of SPB and DBP with temperature and atmospheric DBP with temperature and atmospheric pressure is maximal in the same day of pressure is maximal in the same day of observations. observations.

Distribution of significance of Distribution of significance of correlation along to temporal shift correlation along to temporal shift

for healthy volunteers in Bulgariafor healthy volunteers in Bulgaria

ММaximal number of correlation was observed for SPB and DBP aximal number of correlation was observed for SPB and DBP for zero for zero shift (i.e. simultaneously with geomagnetic activity event) for shift (i.e. simultaneously with geomagnetic activity event) for healthy healthy peoplepeople

There were no one significant negative correlation coefficient of SPB or There were no one significant negative correlation coefficient of SPB or DPB with geomagnetic activity indexes in healthy people (77 volunteers in DPB with geomagnetic activity indexes in healthy people (77 volunteers in Bulgaria)Bulgaria)

3) SA EFFECTS ON NERVOUS 3) SA EFFECTS ON NERVOUS

SYSTEMSYSTEM Annual number of suicides in Thailand (1974-1982) Annual number of suicides in Thailand (1974-1982)

for every 100 000 members of population. for every 100 000 members of population. Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficient rr=81, 7% (=81, 7% (pp<0.0001)<0.0001)

Micro-pulsations of Micro-pulsations of geomagnetic field and heart geomagnetic field and heart

rhythmsrhythmsMicro-pulsations Pc1 are in heart Micro-pulsations Pc1 are in heart

rhythm rangerhythm rangeFrequencyFrequency – 0.5 – 2.0 – 0.5 – 2.0 HzHzAmplitudeAmplitude – 10 – 100 – 10 – 100 pT pT Maximum in daily variationsMaximum in daily variations – – 00 - 06 00 - 06 LTLT

Schumann resonances Schumann resonances and brain rhythmsand brain rhythms

Typical frequency range for Typical frequency range for brain rhythmsbrain rhythms Gamma-Gamma- (25 - 60 (25 - 60 HzHz) ) Beta - (12 - 25 Beta - (12 - 25 HzHz) ) Alpha Alpha - - (7 -12 (7 -12 HzHz) ) Theta – (4 -7 Theta – (4 -7 HzHz) ) Delta Delta -- (0 - 4 (0 - 4 HzHz) )

Right – typical dynamical spectrum of vertical component of the electric field Right – typical dynamical spectrum of vertical component of the electric field in the ionosphere, corresponding to the first five modes of Schumann in the ionosphere, corresponding to the first five modes of Schumann resonances resonances ((Polk, 1982)Polk, 1982)

((KholodovKholodov., 1975)., 1975)

Comparison of anomalous Comparison of anomalous number of MI in Moscow with Dst number of MI in Moscow with Dst

and Pc 1and Pc 1Strong stormStrong storm, 10.04.81 , 10.04.81 Strong stormStrong storm,28.07.81,28.07.81

Winter-springWinter-spring SummerSummer

Conclusion about Pc1 Conclusion about Pc1 activityactivity

Рс 1 Рс 1 existence in GMA existence in GMA is following by is following by anomalous increase of MI number inanomalous increase of MI number in 70% 70% of cases.of cases.

There is a similarity in seasonal There is a similarity in seasonal variations of anomalous large number of variations of anomalous large number of MI and duration of Pc1 with maximum in MI and duration of Pc1 with maximum in the winter. The seasonal peaks of other the winter. The seasonal peaks of other geomagnetic indexes correspond to geomagnetic indexes correspond to spring/autumn. spring/autumn.

Role of melatonin – adaptive Role of melatonin – adaptive hormone and immune-modulatorhormone and immune-modulator Anomalous number of MI were observed sometimes Anomalous number of MI were observed sometimes

a day before of onset of the magnetic storms and a day before of onset of the magnetic storms and correlate with appearance of Pc1 in the same time.correlate with appearance of Pc1 in the same time.

In summer time even strong magnetic storms with In summer time even strong magnetic storms with Pc1 are not biologically effective. Pc1 are not biologically effective.

There is a suggestion that sensitivity of living There is a suggestion that sensitivity of living organisms is lower in summer time due to a small organisms is lower in summer time due to a small production of melatonin in comparison with winter production of melatonin in comparison with winter timetime. . (Rapoport et al. 1995, Breus and Rapoport, (Rapoport et al. 1995, Breus and Rapoport, 2003)2003)

General conclusionsGeneral conclusions Existence of negative consequences of Space Existence of negative consequences of Space

Weather for the people suffered by Weather for the people suffered by cardiovascular diseases, blood system cardiovascular diseases, blood system disturbances, and patients with nervous disturbances, and patients with nervous system diseases required some medical system diseases required some medical

prophylaxis in order to overcome a prophylaxis in order to overcome a development of arrhythmiasdevelopment of arrhythmias, , heart fibrillation, heart fibrillation,

sudden death from myocardial infarction, brain sudden death from myocardial infarction, brain strokes, epilepsy crises and deaths and suicide strokes, epilepsy crises and deaths and suicide attempts in case of psychological disturbances. attempts in case of psychological disturbances.

Space Weather foecast Space Weather foecast had to have address had to have address approachapproach

The most plausible and effective measure of The most plausible and effective measure of prophylaxis for ill people is short-time prophylaxis for ill people is short-time prediction of magnetic storms and Pc1 prediction of magnetic storms and Pc1 appearance with high significance appearance with high significance ( 1-2 ( 1-2 hours hours before their onset at the Earth). In this case before their onset at the Earth). In this case physician physician can help only to some people who can help only to some people who actually needs such help but not alarm whole actually needs such help but not alarm whole population to use expensive drags which can population to use expensive drags which can produce a side effects in them being useless. produce a side effects in them being useless. This way it would be possible to prevent This way it would be possible to prevent possible dangerous consequences of Space possible dangerous consequences of Space Weather negative actions.Weather negative actions.

Micro-satellite for Space Micro-satellite for Space Weather forecast Weather forecast

((Safeguard)Safeguard) Data on permanent monitoring of solar Data on permanent monitoring of solar

wind and interplanetary magnetic field wind and interplanetary magnetic field had to be send from such satellite had to be send from such satellite located in libration point between the Sun located in libration point between the Sun and the Earth. With small payload and the Earth. With small payload including onboard processor such including onboard processor such satellite can forecast an alarm 1-2 hours satellite can forecast an alarm 1-2 hours before geomagnetic disturbances will be before geomagnetic disturbances will be developed in the Earth magnetosphere. developed in the Earth magnetosphere.

Traffic light principleTraffic light principle If such satellite as “Safeguard” can forecast at the specially provide to If such satellite as “Safeguard” can forecast at the specially provide to

this purpose frequency about geomagnetic storm alarm, then in every this purpose frequency about geomagnetic storm alarm, then in every place where information is required place where information is required ((in intensive care units of cardiological in intensive care units of cardiological clinics, in psychiatric clinics, in industrial units with eclectic devices with clinics, in psychiatric clinics, in industrial units with eclectic devices with an suffer from extra currents, for operators of Airports and so on, and an suffer from extra currents, for operators of Airports and so on, and especially for individuals who already had myocardial infarction or brain especially for individuals who already had myocardial infarction or brain stroke or suffered from vegetative nervous system crisesstroke or suffered from vegetative nervous system crises, , some small some small indicator with red light which an be switched on by satellite signals indicator with red light which an be switched on by satellite signals allowed to use preventive measure immediately and overcome danger. allowed to use preventive measure immediately and overcome danger.

There is possibility to arrange a “an yellow light” signal for long –term There is possibility to arrange a “an yellow light” signal for long –term forecast made at the Earth observatories for 1-2 days before approaching forecast made at the Earth observatories for 1-2 days before approaching of storms with of storms with

50 % significance.50 % significance.

Physicians had to developed a special instructions for ill people with Physicians had to developed a special instructions for ill people with recommendation of prophylaxis measures. recommendation of prophylaxis measures.

This way we can effectively use This way we can effectively use micro-satellites AN capability micro-satellites AN capability for Space Weather purposes. for Space Weather purposes.