Waves
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Transcript of Waves
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Waves
Textbook pages 92-99
Perception of Light & Sound
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What is a WAVE?
A disturbance that travels through a medium
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What is a WAVE?
A disturbance that travels through a medium Medium: a substance that carries the
disturbance from one location to another
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What is a WAVE?
A disturbance that travels through a medium Medium: a substance that carries the
disturbance from one location to another▪ How? The particles of the medium interact
with particles next to them allowing the disturbance to travelExamples of a medium
Water Air Ground
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What is a WAVE?
Transports energy from one place to another
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What is a WAVE?
Transports energy from one place to another
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What is a WAVE?
Transports energy from one place to another Particles of the medium are only
temporarily displaced from the rest position
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What is a WAVE?
Transports energy from one place to another Particles of the medium are only
temporarily displaced from the rest position▪ Does not transport matter
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Wave Characteristics
PropagationAmplitudeWavelengthFrequency
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Propagation
Waves are distinguished by the way they propagate through a medium
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Propagation
Transverse Waves Propagates perpendicular to the motion
of the mediumMOTION OF
THE MEDIUM
WAVE MOTION
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Propagation
Transverse WavesCREST
TROUGH
Equilibrium
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Propagation
Longitudinal Waves Propagates parallel to the motion of the
mediumWAVE MOTION
MOTION OF THE MEDIUM
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Propagation
Longitudinal Waves Propagates parallel to the motion of the
mediumWAVE MOTION
MOTION OF THE MEDIUM
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Propagation
Longitudinal Waves Propagates parallel to the motion of the
mediumWAVE MOTION
MOTION OF THE MEDIUM
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Propagation
Longitudinal Waves Propagates parallel to the motion of the
mediumRegion of Compression
Region of Rarefaction
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Amplitude (A)
Related to the amount of energy transferred by a wave
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Amplitude (A)
Transverse Waves Maximum distance travelled by a
particle in the medium compared to its equilibrium position
Equilibrium
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Amplitude (A)
Transverse Waves Depends on energy transmitted by the
waveENERGY AMPLITUDE
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Amplitude (A)
Longitudinal Waves How tightly the medium is pushed together at
the compressions REGION OF LOW-DENSITY
COMPRESSION
REGION OF HIGH-DENSITY COMPRESSION
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Amplitude (A)
Longitudinal Waves Depends on the density of compression
DENSITY AMPLITUDE
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Wavelength ()
Length of a wave’s complete cycle Transverse Waves
Cycle
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Wavelength () Length of a wave’s complete cycle
Longitudinal Waves
Cycle
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Frequency (f)
Number of cycles per unit of time Measured in Hertz (Hz) – the number of
cycles per second 1 Hz = completes one full cycle in one second
Cycle Cycle
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Speed at which a Wave TravelsSpeed of a wave depends on
Medium it travels in Temperature
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Determine the speed at which a Wave TravelsSpeed = frequency x wavelength
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Determine the speed at which a Wave TravelsSpeed = frequency x wavelength
v = f x v = speed (m/s) f = frequency (Hz) = wavelength (m)
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Determine the speed at which a Wave Travels What is the speed of a sound wave
that has a wavelength of 2.00m and a frequency of 170.5Hz?
G
R
A
S
P
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Determine the speed at which a Wave Travels What is the speed of a sound wave
that has a wavelength of 2.00m and a frequency of 170.5Hz?
G
R
A
S
P
f = 170.5Hz = 2.00m
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Determine the speed at which a Wave Travels What is the speed of a sound wave
that has a wavelength of 2.00m and a frequency of 170.5Hz?
G
R
A
S
P
f = 170.5Hz = 2.00m
v = ?
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Determine the speed at which a Wave Travels What is the speed of a sound wave
that has a wavelength of 2.00m and a frequency of 170.5Hz?
G
R
A
S
P
f = 170.5Hz = 2.00m
v = ?
v = f x
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Determine the speed at which a Wave Travels What is the speed of a sound wave
that has a wavelength of 2.00m and a frequency of 170.5Hz?
v = (170.5Hz)(2.00m)v = 341 m/s
G
R
A
S
P
f = 170.5Hz = 2.00m
v = ?
v = f x
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Determine the speed at which a Wave Travels What is the speed of a sound wave
that has a wavelength of 2.00m and a frequency of 170.5Hz?
v = (170.5Hz)(2.00m)v = 341 m/s
G
R
A
S
P
f = 170.5Hz = 2.00m
v = ?
v = f x
The speed of the sound wave is 341 m/s
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Types of Waves
Mechanical WavesElectromagnetic Waves
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Mechanical Waves
Can only propagate in a medium
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Mechanical Waves
Can only propagate in a medium
How? A disturbance changes the physical shape of the medium and passed onto neighbouring particles
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Mechanical Waves
Can only propagate in a medium
How? A disturbance changes the physical shape of the medium and passed onto neighbouring particles
Examples: water waves, sound waves, seismic waves
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Electromagnetic Waves
Can propagate in a medium and a vacuum
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Electromagnetic Waves
Can propagate in a medium and a vacuum Carry Radiant Energy
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Electromagnetic Waves
Can propagate in a medium and a vacuum Carry Radiant Energy
Examples: light waves in space
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Electromagnetic SpectrumCategories of electromagnetic
waves Classified by frequency and wavelength
FREQUENCY ENERGY
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Long
Low
Short
High
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Electromagnetic SpectrumRadio Waves
Smallest frequency Invisible & transport little energy Example: Radio, Television, Microwaves,
Cellphones
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Electromagnetic Spectrum Infrared
Invisible, but feel the warmth emitted Example: Night vision goggles, short-
distance communication (wireless keyboards, remote controls, etc.)
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Electromagnetic SpectrumVisible Light
Only electromagnetic waves that can be seen by humans
Together, colours make up white light Example: Photography, movies,
computer screens
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Electromagnetic SpectrumUltraviolet Rays (UV)
Invisible to humans Greater frequency, transport more
energy Responsible for suntans, but can cause
cancer Example: sterilization of surgical
instruments, treatments
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Electromagnetic SpectrumX-Rays
High frequency Able to travel through media opaque in
visible light Example: baggage inspection,
radiography
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Electromagnetic SpectrumGamma Rays
Highest frequency and transports the highest energy
Travel easily through matter Can cause burns, cancer, and genetic
mutations Example: cancer treatment, food
preservation
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Homework
Read Textbook pages 92-99Do Workbook pages 49-52