Wave Energy Wave Energy

Curt AndersonCurt AndersonChE 359/384ChE 359/384

Fall 2008Fall 2008

Oceans of EnergyOceans of Energy

Oceans cover 70% of earth’s surfaceOceans cover 70% of earth’s surface

+ 30% of population lives within 60 miles of coast+ 30% of population lives within 60 miles of coast

+ 1970s oil crisis = Ocean Energy Conversion+ 1970s oil crisis = Ocean Energy Conversion

3 Forms:3 Forms:1.1. TidalTidal (High=2.7 TW-18% Low=360 GW-2.5%) (High=2.7 TW-18% Low=360 GW-2.5%)

2.2. OTECOTEC (Theoretical = 200 TW = 13x global demand) (Theoretical = 200 TW = 13x global demand)

3.3. WaveWave (Equivalent to tidal = 18%) (Equivalent to tidal = 18%)

Why Waves?Why Waves?

1.1. Converted solar to wind over long distancesConverted solar to wind over long distances

2.2. Anticipated days in advance=predictableAnticipated days in advance=predictable

3.3. Round the clock energyRound the clock energy

4.4. Higher capacities and power densitiesHigher capacities and power densities

5.5. Easier to estimate resource for investorsEasier to estimate resource for investors

6.6. Environmentally benignEnvironmentally benign

7.7. No land footprintNo land footprint

8.8. Low profile, far from shoreLow profile, far from shore

9.9. Minimizes ‘NIMBY’ issuesMinimizes ‘NIMBY’ issues

10.10. Potential to equal hydroelectric capacityPotential to equal hydroelectric capacity

Conversion DevicesConversion Devices

Turbine TypeTurbine Type

OWCOWC

OvertoppingOvertopping

Conversion DevicesConversion Devices

Buoy TypeBuoy Type

Point AbsorberPoint AbsorberActuatedActuated

Current ProjectsCurrent Projects

LIMPET, Isle of Islay – ScotlandLIMPET, Isle of Islay – ScotlandNov. 2000, 500 kW capacityNov. 2000, 500 kW capacity

Agucadoura, PortugalAgucadoura, PortugalSep. 2008, 2.25 MW, $17 mil. Sep. 2008, 2.25 MW, $17 mil.

Phase 2: Spring 2009, 25 more Phase 2: Spring 2009, 25 more converters, 21 MW total output, converters, 21 MW total output, 15000 homes powered15000 homes powered

First commercial device First commercial device connected to national gridconnected to national grid

http://http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2008/sep/24/wave.www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2008/sep/24/wave.power.stationpower.station

ChallengesChallenges

High capital costs and uncertaintyHigh capital costs and uncertainty High O&M costsHigh O&M costs Storm vulnerability = costly designsStorm vulnerability = costly designs Best tech. in UK producing at $0.08/kWhBest tech. in UK producing at $0.08/kWh Load variation and decreased efficiencyLoad variation and decreased efficiency Power StoragePower Storage

Potential SolutionsPotential Solutions Economically feasible in US waters with volumes of 10-Economically feasible in US waters with volumes of 10-

20,000 MW (half of wind turbines)20,000 MW (half of wind turbines) 4-5 cents/kWh4-5 cents/kWh Future carbon cap-and-trade systemFuture carbon cap-and-trade system Co-location with offshore windCo-location with offshore wind

• Shared conditioning and transmission facilitiesShared conditioning and transmission facilities• Shared O&M infrastructure and personnelShared O&M infrastructure and personnel• Protective breakwatersProtective breakwaters

The SeadogThe Seadog

ConclusionConclusion

Like my friend’s father told me, “There Like my friend’s father told me, “There just might be something to this wave just might be something to this wave thing…”thing…”

Questions???Questions???

ReferencesReferences 1 “Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Michigan, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, 1 “Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Michigan, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering,

1998. <http://www.engin.umich.edu/dept/name/research/projects/wave_device/wave_device.html>1998. <http://www.engin.umich.edu/dept/name/research/projects/wave_device/wave_device.html> 2 Electric Power Research Institute. "Wave Energy Potential Warrants Further Research And Development, Says EPRI." 2 Electric Power Research Institute. "Wave Energy Potential Warrants Further Research And Development, Says EPRI."

ScienceDailyScienceDaily 16 February 2005. <http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/02/050215091103.htm>. 16 February 2005. <http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/02/050215091103.htm>. 3 Korde, Dr. Umesh. “Report on Ocean Wave Energy Conversion Projects.” National Science Foundation, Report #98-08, 3 Korde, Dr. Umesh. “Report on Ocean Wave Energy Conversion Projects.” National Science Foundation, Report #98-08,

09 April 1998. 09 April 1998. <http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1998/int9815/ssr9809.doc> <http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1998/int9815/ssr9809.doc>

4 J. Vining. “Ocean Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Wisconsin Madison. December 2005.4 J. Vining. “Ocean Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Wisconsin Madison. December 2005. 5 Beyene, Dr. Asfaw and Wilson, Dr. James H. “Challenges and Issues of Wave Energy Conversion.” Oregon Wave Energy 5 Beyene, Dr. Asfaw and Wilson, Dr. James H. “Challenges and Issues of Wave Energy Conversion.” Oregon Wave Energy

Trust, May 2008.Trust, May 2008.<http://www.oregonwave.org/index.php/environmental-benefits/11-challenges-and-issues-of-wave-energy-<http://www.oregonwave.org/index.php/environmental-benefits/11-challenges-and-issues-of-wave-energy-conversion.html>conversion.html>

6 Pelamis Press Release, “World’s First Commercial Wave Power Project Goes Live.” 6 Pelamis Press Release, “World’s First Commercial Wave Power Project Goes Live.” 23 September 2008. <http://www.pelamiswave.com/media/worlds_first_wave_farm_goes_live_press_release_copy1.pdf>23 September 2008. <http://www.pelamiswave.com/media/worlds_first_wave_farm_goes_live_press_release_copy1.pdf>

7 Greenemeier, Larry. “Turning the Tide on Harnessing the Ocean's Abundant Energy.”7 Greenemeier, Larry. “Turning the Tide on Harnessing the Ocean's Abundant Energy.”Scientific American 20 October 2008.Scientific American 20 October 2008.< http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=ocean-wave-tidal-power>< http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=ocean-wave-tidal-power>

8 Martin, Glen. “Wave Power Plan Gets a Test in Trinidad California.” San Francisco Chronicle 04 August 2004.8 Martin, Glen. “Wave Power Plan Gets a Test in Trinidad California.” San Francisco Chronicle 04 August 2004.< http://www.mindfully.org/Energy/2004/Wave-Power-Trinidad4aug04.htm>< http://www.mindfully.org/Energy/2004/Wave-Power-Trinidad4aug04.htm>

9 Ocean Energy Council, “Wave Energy.” 2008.9 Ocean Energy Council, “Wave Energy.” 2008.< http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/index.php/Wave-Energy/Wave-Energy.html>< http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/index.php/Wave-Energy/Wave-Energy.html>

10 Lanto, Everett, “The Future of Wave Power.” About My Planet, 05 February 200810 Lanto, Everett, “The Future of Wave Power.” About My Planet, 05 February 2008< http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/alternative-energy/future-power/>< http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/alternative-energy/future-power/>

11 Maury, Laurel, “The Limpet, the Sea Snake, and the Duck.” Plenty Iss. 12.11 Maury, Laurel, “The Limpet, the Sea Snake, and the Duck.” Plenty Iss. 12.<http://www.plentymag.com/magazine/tech_the_limpet_the_sea_snake.php><http://www.plentymag.com/magazine/tech_the_limpet_the_sea_snake.php>

12 Tester, J.W. et al. 12 Tester, J.W. et al. Sustainable Energy – Choosing Among the Options.Sustainable Energy – Choosing Among the Options. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2005. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2005. 13 Smil, Vaclav. 13 Smil, Vaclav. Energy at the Crossroads – Golbal Perspectives and Uncertainties.Energy at the Crossroads – Golbal Perspectives and Uncertainties. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2003. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2003.