Water Sector Roadmaps General and Sectoral Guidelines

7/29/2019 Water Sector Roadmaps General and Sectoral Guidelines

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GUIDE TO WATER SECTOR ROADMAP

1. The following guidelines support the Water Sector Roadmap - generic indicatorsto help with development of the CSPs and CSPUs. Some of the indicators below haveassociated qualitative benchmarks, and bold text can be used on the roadmap. Othersare quantitative benchmarks. The roadmaps are meant to be applicable in all ADB’s

DMC, yet some indicators and benchmarks may be more appropriate than others forcertain countries and tailoring the roadmap to local conditions may be useful.

2. These indicators provide the starting point for the roadmap. The key tasks,however, are identifying the critical outputs, issues and constraints, and milestone andinvestments to address the needs of the sector and to help promote sector reforms.

I. Outcome Indicators for National Policy Reforms

A. Effective National Water Policy(s).

3. An effective national water policy should: 1) specify institutional responsibilities

taking into account different levels of governance including national, state, local, andbasin (from WFA Policy); be comprehensiveness; and 3) be transparent to stakeholders.Policy-oriented indicators in this roadmap, such as this national policy indicator, have 3considerations for effectiveness: 1) is the policy in place; 2) is the policy being effectivelyimplemented; and 3) is the policy achieving its objectives. It is recognized that judgingwhether the policy is being effectively implemented is rather subjective.

Benchmarks:

• No policy(s) exists

• The policy(s) is under discussion and consideration with a process for

formal adoption (please give a target date)

• The policy is in place yet not implemented effectively (please give date ofadoption and discuss its limitations in the issues and constraints sections).

• The policy is in place and being implemented effectively but not fullymeeting needs of the sector (please give date or adoption and discuss itslimitations in the issues and constraints sections).

• The policy is in place and being implemented effectively and meetingneeds of the sector.

B. Effective water sector apex body.

4. A water apex body or similar administrative mechanism is in place to guidesector reforms and to coordinate sub-sectoral water management (from WFA Policy).

Benchmarks:

• No body in place (please give a target date)

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• The body is under discussion and consideration with a process for formaladoption (please give a target date)

• Exists yet is ineffective (please identify the apex agency or coordinatingbody and discuss limitations in the issues and constraints section)

• Exists yet is partially effective (please identify the apex agency orcoordinating body and discuss limitations in the issues and constraintssection)

Exists and is fully effective (please identify the apex agency)

C. Effective water action agenda

5. The water action agenda is separate from the national law/policy and shouldreflect an ongoing process carried out by the DMC. The action agenda should includesector reforms along with any investment concerns.

Benchmarks:

• No plan or action agenda is in place

• The plan is under discussion and consideration with a process for formaladoption (please give a target date)

• Plan exists but is ineffective (please identify lead agency(s))

• Plan is being partially implemented and partially achieving results

(please identify lead agency(s))

• Plan is being fully implemented and fully achieving results (please identifylead agency(s))

II. Outcome Indicators for Water Resources Management

A. Total annual withdrawals as share of annual water resources (includesboth ground and surface water)

6. This information is available from World Resources Institute(http://earthtrends.wri.org/ ) and will also be posted on the water projects database

currently under development through KMAps.

B. Existing policy and capacity to collect and manage water data amongagencies.

7. Data collection and management should be sustainable with a fundingmechanism and not only donor sourced. The system must be able support decision-making for effective water resources management. The data should include specific

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types of monitoring such as hydrologic (precipitation, surface and ground water); waterquality; abstraction information; water rights; etc.

Benchmarks:

• No policy or capacity in place

• The policy/plan is under discussion and consideration with a process forformal adoption (please give a target date)

• Exists but is ineffective (please list lead agency and discuss limitation inissues and constraints)

• Exists and is partially effective (please list lead agency and discusslimitation in issues and constraints)

• Exists and is fully effective (please list lead agency)

C. Water resources management and development is executed from a riverbasin perspective

8. This indicator addresses the planning approach for water resources managementand development, not the existence of formal institutions such as river basinorganizations. ADB’s water policy explicitly calls for creation of river basin organizations,however, and their existence can help ensure a basin perspective and provide abenchmark. The qualitative benchmarks below should be used with the indicator.

9. In cases where a basin approach exists, the one of the two following quantitativebenchmarks should be used if they are known: 1) the percentage of the country’s landarea; or 2) the number of basins in country that have a river basin approach for planningand development.

Benchmarks:

• No river basin organizations or no river basin planning and developmentapproach exist

• River basin planning and development approach is under discussion andconsideration with a process for adoption

• River basin organizations or river basin planning and development approach

exists but is not effective. Please the use the associated quantitativeindicators as well

• River basin organizations or a river basin approach is partially functional orused effectively in limited areas for water resources management anddevelopment. Please the use the associated quantitative indicators as well

• Fully functional river basin organizations exist in a large part of the country ora river basin approach is fully integrated into water resources

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management and development – use % of total basins or percentage ofarea or country under basin planning

D. Devolution of and participation with IWRM

10. This is a subjective indicator and benchmarks may be difficult assess. The

indicator is in reference to integrated water resources management (IWRM) aanddevelopment activities, and participation and devolution/subsidiarity are critical concernsof ADB’s water policy. Reference should be to de facto control not de jure policies.

Benchmarks:

• No stakeholder participation and no local authority and centralgovernment agencies control all water resource management anddevelopment with minimal or no delegated authority, limited presence in thefield, and little stakeholder input.

Limited stakeholder participation and some local authority granted for

water resources management or development. Some field presence (basins,provinces) for water resources management activities with or withoutstakeholder participation.

Common stakeholder participation and local authority for waterresources management or development is common occurrence in the countryand management agencies have field presence.

High degree of stakeholder participation and local authority for waterresources management or development exists. Water resourcesmanagement and development is very participatory with resources usersplaying an active role over governance and a strong field presence formanagement and development agencies.

E. Adversely affected water quality

11. If data exists, break down the information by lakes and rivers and list thepercentage where quality is affected. In the Pakistan example, information wasavailable, yet in many cases precise information may not be available. This indicatormay be tailored to the data existing within the country. If quantitative information doesnot exist, use the indicators below to describe the country’s situation.

Benchmarks:

• No impacts

• Slight impacts

• Moderate impacts

• Severe impacts

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F. Water quality management in place

12. Since water pollution statutory provisions and regulations are often separate fromnational water policies and the executing or lead agencies are often different, waterquality management has a separate indicator. The indicator should reflect thatstandards, regulations, executing agency(s), and enforcement are in place and effective

for water pollution control.

Benchmarks:

• Standards, regulations, executing agency(s), and enforcement are not inplace

• Standards, regulations, executing agency(s), and enforcement are underdiscussion and consideration with a process for formal adoption (pleasegive a target date)

• Standards, regulations, executing agency(s), and enforcement exist but areineffective (please list lead agency)

• The standards, regulations, executing agency(s), and enforcement arepartially effective (please list lead agency)

• Standards, regulations, executing agency(s), and enforcement exist and fullyeffective (please list lead agency)

G. Adversely affected coastal zone

13. If it exists, use quantitative data with regard to the extent of the coastal zone bypercentage of length that is adversely affected. This indicator may be tailored to otherdata existing within the country. If quantitative information does not exist, use theindicators below to describe the country’s situation.

Benchmarks:

• No impacts

• Slight impacts

• Moderate impacts

•

Severe impacts

H. Economic losses due to floods and droughts – average from 1990 - 2000(US$) - from the water projects database 1990 to 2000.

14. This information is available for the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research onthe Epidemiology (http://www.cred.be/emdat/into.html). The information will also beavailable on the water projects database currently under development through RSDD. Ifbetter country specific data exists, please substitute.

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I. Number of deaths due to floods and droughts - average from 1990 - 2000 -

from the water projects database 1990 to 2000.

15. This information is available for the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research onthe Epidemiology (http://www.cred.be/emdat/into.html). The information will also be

available on the water projects database currently under development through RSDD. Ifbetter country specific data exists, please substitute.

III. Outcome Indicators for Service Delivery

A. Incidence of diarrhea in children under 5.

16. This information is available from UNICEF (http://www.childinfo.org/index2.htm).The information will also be available on the water projects database currently underdevelopment through RSDD. If better country specific data exists for health information,please substitute.

Targets

• Reduction by 50 per cent in the deaths due to diarrhea in children under theage of five years and 25 per cent reduction in the diarrhea incidence rate – From UNICEF World Summit for Children

B. Urban population with access to safe water supply.

17. Use UN or World Bank information. This will be available on the water projectsdatabase currently under development through RSDD.

Targets

• Target by 2015 – reduce by one half the current portion without access – from Millennium Development Goals.

C. Urban population with access to adequate sanitation.


Targets

• Target by 2015 – reduce by one half the current portion without access –

from the 2nd World Development Summit.

D. Performance of urban water supply with regard to non-revenue water.

19. National averages should be obtained if possible, yet if this information is notavailable, major cities in the country can be used. ADB’s Second Water Utilities DataBook (1997) has data for many DMC cities. Give exact information if it is available and ifit is not, use the estimated ranges below.

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Benchmarks:

• 0 – 10%

• 10% - 25%

• 25% - 40%

• 40% - 60%• 60% - 100%

E. Percentage of urban effluent that has wastewater treatment.

20. This indicator includes large centralized systems as well as smalldecentralized/packaged systems if the data is known. The indicator assumes primarytreatment, yet if higher level treatment is taking, please note this. Give exact informationif it is available and if it is not, use the estimates below.

21. The indicator may not address industrial discharge, yet if industrial treatmentexists, please note this.

Benchmarks:

• 0 – 10%

• 10% - 25%

• 25% - 50%

• 50% - 75%

• 75% - 100%

F. Cost recovery for urban water supply agencies (public or private)

22. This indicator refers to O&M cost, and does not include capital costs. If capitalcosts are included please note this and other specific information such as depreciationand asset management costs in a footnote on the roadmap. Give exact information if itis available, and if it is not use the estimates below.

Benchmarks

• 0 – 25%

• 25% - 50%

• 50% - 75%

• 75% - 90%

• 90% - 100%

G. Private sector participation (PSP) in urban water supply

23. The indicator has qualitative and quantitative benchmarks. The qualitative refersto type/degree of services provided through the PSP, and in some cases more than oneof the qualitative indicators may apply – please list as many that apply.

24. In cases where PSP exists, use the quantitative benchmark of the percentage ofthe country’s population with PSP. If this cannot be determine substitute number ofcities served with PSP.

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Benchmarks Qualitative:

• Private contracting for technical/construction services

• Private capital for financing

• Management contracts to operate existing water supply systems

• Contracts to develop new build operate and transfer (BOT) water supplysystem for new water infrastructure

• Full divestiture of water supply system to private operator

Benchmarks Quantitative:

• Give the number of cities or the estimated percentage if known or use the

following ranges.• 0 – 3%

• 3% - 8%

• 8% - 15%

• 15% - 25%

• 25% - 50%

• >50%

H. Economic regulatory policies and agency(s) with adequate capacity toregulate urban water supply agencies.

25. This indicator has both qualitative and quantitative benchmarks. The qualitative

refers to the degree to which a regulatory policy is implemented. In cases where aregulatory framework exists; the quantitative benchmark of the percent of the populationserved by a regulated utility should be used. If this quantitative information is notavailable then other data can be substitute such as the total number or percentage ofcities served by a regulated utility.

Benchmarks Qualitative:

• No policy, agency, or capacity in place

• The policy or agency is under discussion and consideration with a processfor formal adoption (please give a target date)

• Exists but is ineffective (please list the regulatory agency and discusslimitations in issues and constraints.)

• Exists and partially effective (please list the regulatory agency and discusslimitations in issues and constraints.)

• Exists and fully effective (please list regulatory agency)

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I. Rural population with access to safe water supply


Target:

• by 2015 – reduce by one half the current portion without access – fromMillennium Development Goals.

J. Rural population with access to adequate sanitation


Targets:

• Target by 2015 – reduce by one half the current portion without access – from the 2nd World Development Summit.

K. Existence of rural water supply systems that are self-sustaining for O&Meither through community participation or financial cost recovery

28. This indicator refers to rural water supply system that do not require governmentsubsidy for their O&M, except for monitoring or testing.

Benchmarks:

• No systems exist that are sustainable with no or low outside governmentsubsidy or support

• Some systems exist that are sustainable with no or low outside governmentsubsidy or support

• Over 10% of the systems are sustainable with no or low outside governmentsubsidy or support


• Over half of the systems are sustainable with no or low outside governmentsubsidy or support


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H. Irrigation efficiency for existing irrigation systems

29. Irrigation efficiency for this indicator is defined as the percent of water needed bythe crop over the total amount delivered into the irrigation system or project – usenational averages.

I. Average yield per ha of major crops

30. Yields of the major grains in the country should be used as the indicator. If dataexist, yields should be used in conjunction with their water requirements in the country toderive a yield per unit volume of water.

J. Cost-recovery for irrigation system O&M

31. This indicator refers to OM costs and should only include money received fromuser fees, not from sideline enterprises or indirect subsidies to the irrigation department.It may be necessary or useful to break this indicator into different indicators if differenttypes of irrigation systems are present (e.g. large national systems, small communal

systems, small pump systems). If any cost-recovery exists for capital, please note this.

Benchmarks:

• 0 – 25%

• 25% - 50%

• 50% - 75%

• 75% - 90%

• 90% - 100%

K. User participation in the system and degree and decentralization ofirrigation agencies

32. The degree of participation may vary and is subjective, yet the benchmarksbelow provide a rough gage for participation. If these criteria are not applicable, simpleuse the following: no participation, low participation, medium participation, or highparticipation.

Benchmarks:

• No participation

• Existence of water users associations (WUAs)

• WUAs engaged in basic O&M activities for the systems, but have no controlfor planning or directing operations

• WUAs control completely or share with agency in system planning anddirecting operations with WUA control over budget (WUAs directly receivefees or government subsidy), staffing, cropping, and other decisions – governance functions

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• WUAs contracting to non-irrigation agency staff of irrigation systemfunctions

• WUA manage all activities and have ownership or complete assetmanagement over system infrastructure

Water Sector Roadmap

IndicatorsA. Sector Outcomes5 past Current 5 years 10 years 15 years

National Water Reforms1. Effective national water policy2. Effective water sector apex body

3. Effective water action agenda

Water Resources Management4. Total annual withdrawals as share of annualwater resources (includes both ground and surface

1991)5. Existing policy and capacity to collect andmanage water data among agencies

6. River basin perspective for management anddevelopment

7. Devolution of integrated water resourcesmanagement8. Water quality impacts9. Water quality management in place

10. Economic losses from floods and droughts(annual average from 1990 to 2000)

11. Loss of life from floods and droughts (annualaverage from 1990 to 2000)

Water Service Delivery12. Incidence of children under 5 with diarrhea

13. Urban population with access to safe water14. Urban population with access to adequatesanitation

15. Performance of UWSS – non-revenue water16. Amount (%) of urban effluent that is treated

17. Cost recovery for urban water supply18. Private sector participation in urban watersupply

19. Effective regulatory system for urban watersupply20. Rural population with access to safe water

21. Rural population with access to adequatesanitation

22. Self-sustaining rural water supply systems23. Irrigation efficiency24. Average yield per ha or yield per volume ofwaterFor wheat and rice respectively

25. Cropping intensity26. Cost-recovery for irrigation system O&M

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27. User participation in irrigation

B. Sector Outputs

C. SectorIssues andConstraints

By AgencyD. Actions,Milestones,Investments By Issue Schedul

eADB

Others/Externa

lGovt.

Note: RSAN will be able to assist RD staff in collecting some of the sector statistics (SectorOutcomes) from external sources. Once a water sector assessment has been

undertaken, much of the descriptive information will also be available from the NationalWater Sector Profile (NWSP) format. The Pakistan NWSP is a good example of thewealth of information that can be collected through a water sector assessment. In DMCswhere ADB has not yet undertaken a water sector assessment, the water sector roadmap could outline the steps to do so, and also draw on information collected by thegovernment and other donors.

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SECTORAL GUIDELINES FOR WATER SECTOR ROADMAPS

Environment/Natural Resources and SocialProtection/Health

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Includingtowns)

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Integrated Water Resources Management

Irrigation and Drainage Flood Management

Environment/Natural Resources and Social Protection/Health

Outcomes1. An Environmental Impact Assessment or similar law and process (agency with mandate and capacityto implement and enforce) are in place that includes large water projects or projects that affect waterresources. The policy and procedures include specific treatment of downstream issues (from WFAPolicy)Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• Existence of a mandatory EIA policy that covers large water resources projects

• Number of EIAs carried out on large water projects•

Existence of local capacity to carry out a high quality EIA• Check other organizations for indicators and targets• Check with environment sector roadmap for similar outcomes

Possible Outputs/Investments• Develop NLPS that strengthen the EIA process in the country with respect to water projects.

• Ensure that ADB EIA project components such consultants hired for project EIA when needed includeproviding funding for close collaboration with local counterpart agencies to develop capacity and/or helpset standards of best practice within the country.

Outcomes2. Increased or reduce rate of degradation of areas of protected or rehabilitated forestland in critical

watersheds (protected or rehabilitate area, ha) (from WFA Policy). Targets/ (possiblemilestones/indicator)• % change in area or change in the quality of the existing forest land• Change in biodiversity quality of area• Increase in non-degrading livelihood opportunities for upland dwellers• Change in water quality/sediment loading in rivers within watershed• Policies and institutions in place to address forestland in critical areas• Check with ADB forest policy and FAO for other indicators and targets.

3. Increased or reduce rate of degradation of wetlands (protected or rehabilitate area, ha) (from WFAPolicy).Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• % change in area or wetland quality

•

Improvement in water quality/quantity/timing in wetland areas• Increase in biodiversity value• Policies and institutions in place to address wetlands

• Look to RAMSAR or others for targets or indicators.

4. Increased or reduce rate of degradation of mangroves (protected or rehabilitate area, ha).Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• % change in area or mangrove quality• increase in water quality/quantity/timing in mangroves areas

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• increase in biodiversity value• increase in fish production in mangrove areas• policies and institutions in place to address mangroves

• look to FAO, ICLRM, or others for indicators and targets

5. Increased or reduce rate of degradation of coral reefs (protected or rehabilitate area, ha)Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)• % change in live coral cover or reef quality

• Increase in biodiversity value• Increase in local fishing• Increased water quality in reef areas• Policies and institutions in place to address coral reefs• Look to FAO, ICLRM, or others for indicators and targets

Possible Outputs/Investments for 2, 3, 4, and 5• For projects that would affect any of the above resources, ensure that a component is in the project toaddress the affected resources.• Coordinate CSP and sector roadmaps development with other relevant natural resources and

environment thematic groups• Increase investment in natural resource projects.

• Include community based management programs within the projects design for affected resources• Develop a three-year program for NLPS as part of the CSP to address institutional issues relevant

Outcomes6. Reduced incidence and severity water pollution in the country’s aquatic resources (from WFA Policy)Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• Reduce number polluted of water ways by X% and the severity of the pollution in X waterwaysby X% - or limit growth of increases.• Check with environment sector roadmaps for similar outputs

7. Existence of water quality regulation/laws/policies and agency(s) with a clear mandate and capacity to

execute including the following: water quality standards, wastewater discharge permitting process;polluting effluent discharge fees; enforcement; determination of biological thresholds and assimilativecapacity, and reduce industrial and urban pollution through process, end-of-pipe, and downstreammitigation (from WFA Policy)Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• Include existence laws and policies to support the above mentioned functions• Increased level of resources going to agencies for water pollution control• Number of waste sources with permits

• Number of violations relative to permits• Improved water quality in areas monitored and enforced area

Outputs for 6 and 7• Increased investments that support pollution control technologies as a part of project development.

Ensure that ADB water projects that have pollution control components work closely with localcounterpart agencies to develop capacity and help set standards of best practice within the country.

• Increase investment in purely pollution control activities in appropriate countries.

• Develop country and regional NLPS that strengthen DMCs institutions as well as provide sectoranalysis for the most efficient pollution control strategies both in terms of technical solution as well as withan institutional focus. NLPS that helps develop the policies and institutions to achieve the aboveoutcomes.

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• Ensure that all ADB water projects have components that not only support public consultation, but workclosely with local counterpart agencies to develop capacity and help set standards of best practice withinthe country.

Outcomes

8. Reduce the incidence of water-related diseases.Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• % reduction in incidence for targeted disease types• Specific incidence of children under 5 with diarrhea as listed in database and target %reductions

9. Reduce the under-five mortality rate from water related disease (adapted from the millenniumdevelopment goals, which address the under-five mortality rate for all causes)Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• Reduce by 2/3 the number of infants and children under-five mortality rate between 1990 and2015 and apply to water borne disease – target from the MDGs• Target numbers specifically for the poor.

10. Existence of agency with mandate and capacity to set standards, monitor, and enforce the quality ofdrinking of waterTargets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• Development of standards or other enabling activities• Include number of sources monitored• Increase in testing capacity or other resources devoted to the requisite tasks

• Reduced water-borne disease.

Possible Outputs/investments

• Projects/funding to improve the access to improved water supplies• Projects/funding to improve the quality of existing sources of drinking water• Increased funding or project component to address water borne disease – coordinated with health andrural development projects.•

NPLS program to address the technical and institutional issues of the above.• A coordination plan with WHO UNICEF and other relevant bi-lateral and multi-lateral

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Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Including towns)

Outcomes1. Urban population with access to safe water supply.Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• % or total of population served (provide as disaggregated data as possible by type of supply –

standpipe, direct water connection, small water provider).• Target by 2015 – reduce by one half the current portion without access (from MillenniumDevelopment Goals)

1a. If possible disaggregate by large urban areas v. towns (approximate population of10,000<100,000)1b. If possible disaggregate by the poor without access

2. What is the performance of urban water supply with regard to non-revenue water (and/otherperformance measures)Targets (possible/milestones indicators)

• reduction of non-revenue water or other performance targets• timeline for the development of system performance auditing programs and methods.

3. Urban population with access to sanitation. For purpose of this indicator, it includes all types ofsanitation systems (pit latrines to centralized collection) regardless of how the sanitation waste isdisposed, so long as human waste is removed from the home.Target (possible milestone/indicator)

• % or total of population served• improve proportion of people with access to improved sanitation – by 2020 to have improvedthe lives of 100 million slum dwellers (Millennium Development Goals)• Identify targets from other sources,

3a. If possible disaggregate by large urban areas v. towns (approximate population of10,000<100,000)3b. If possible disaggregate by the poor without access

4. Percent of urban sanitation population connected to wastewater treatment (this could include bothlarge centralized systems as well as small decentralized/packaged systems that provide treatmentbeyond septage)Target (possible milestones/indicator)

• Can be % total of population served• Number of domestic connections• Volume of wastewater treated• Number of cities with sewage treatment facilities

4Ai. Can be disaggregated by primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment4Aii. If possible disaggregate by large urban areas v. towns (<100,000)

5. Percentage of total urban effluent that has wastewater treatment (this could include both largecentralized systems as well as small decentralized/packaged systems that provide treatment beyondseptage)Target (possible milestones/indicator)

• Can be % total of estimate effluent treated (primary v. secondary)• Number of domestic, municipal and industrial connections served.• Volume of wastewater treated• Number of cities with sewage treatment facilities• can be % total of population served and volume of wastewater treated by certain type of

treatment5a. Can be disaggregated by primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment

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6. Number of the urban population that are served by autonomous water supply (and sanitationagencies). Autonomous (either municipal or private or mixed) agencies are those not dependent on thegovernment at any level for support, financial or otherwise (except regulatory)Targets (possible milestone/indicator)

• Actual number of autonomous agencies or cities with autonomous• % of total population served by such agencies•

% of urban/town centers served by such agencies• Government strategy and enabling legislation to remove itself from the sector and/or addressthe enabling environment or decentralization plan to create more autonomous agencies

7. The level of costs recovery (or inversely the level of subsidy to support agencies) for urban watersupply (and sanitation) systems (WFA Policy)Targets (possible milestone/indicator)

• Increased total level of cost recovery in the sector• Total number or percentage of system that are financially viable without O&M subsidy – similarto number six• Government plan to phase out subsidies for water system

8. Existence of regulatory capacity and regulatory systems in the country – (WFA Mandatory Policy Rec.)

Targets (possible milestone/indicator)• Existence of a regulatory body for economic and possible performance regulation for waterutilities

• The number of water agencies that are under regulation• Proposed enabling legislation to create such a body

9. Existence and role of the private sector or public-private partnership in the UWSS sector? (WFAPolicy)Targets (possible milestone/indicator)Increasing activity by the private sectors UWSS including the following:

• Simple private contracting for technical/construction services• Existence of private capital for financing

• BOT projects for new water infrastructure

• Management contracts to operate water supply systems• Contracts to build and develop water supply system• Full divestiture of water supply system to private operator• Government plan or enabling legislation to increase the role of the private sector

10. Existence of tariff reforms through its water related projects and programs to modify structures andrates so that they reward conservation and penalize waste – (WFA Mandatory Policy Rec.)Targets (possible milestone/indicator)

• Charges to the water distribution company from the bulk water supplier sufficient enough tocreate incentive for reducing systems losses and encouraging conservation among its clients

• Include existence or development of inclining block rate structures for the largest utilities• Rates designed and high enough to have a perceptible impact on demand• If a financial regulatory body exists, then conservation pricing is adopted as a part of its

methodology for tariff setting.

11. Existence of demand management or conservation measures in the sector (WFA Mandatory PolicyRec.)Targets (possible milestone/indicator)

• Government technical standards for water efficiency in water using devices – toilets,showerheads, etc.

• Public awareness and education campaign for customers• investment by government or industry in water conservation

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• Integration of conservation and demand management into overall water sector planning

Possible output and investments

• Increase in funding/lending that address the basic needs of water supply for the sector.• Privatization or other WSS projects that require system expansion or additional water supplies to poorareas as part of overall project development with emphasis given to ensuring services are extended to

the poor.• Increase in lending products that seek to stimulate alternative modes of water supply delivery throughincreasing the role of autonomous and private sector service providers.

• Increase the amount of lending for sanitation and wastewater treatment activities.• Increase and target assistance for the Nonlending Products and Services (NLPLs) for institutionaldevelopment at the country, subregional, and inter-regional level.

- develop three year program of NPLS activities as part CSP/CSPU in coordination withinvestment plan for CSP- ensure that NPLS are commensurate with reforms identified in sector roadmaps and supportinvestment recommendations in the roadmaps- target NPLS activities on outcomes identified above to support implementation of the ADB waterpolicy- when appropriate, and especially in cases of economic/thematic/sector work, pursue regional

and interregional NPLS to achieve economies of scale and allow for a comparative analysis• Include policy dialogue with relevant agencies as part of project design.• Increase institutional components in lending products that increase capacity of local counterpartagencies to achieve desired sector reforms. All structural components should have complementaryinstitutional and capacity components.• Identify other donor activities and objectives with regard to reform in the country. Develop plan forcoordination and development of a unified reform approach with other donors in the country.• Make sure project activities contribute to overall sector reforms. Increased project components toaddress institutional activities.

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Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

Outcomes1. Rural population with access to safe water supply.Targets (possible milestones/indicator)

• % or total of population served•

% or total of villages served• distance from supplies• time spent by communities to collect water• Target by 2015 – reduce by one half the current portion without access – from MillenniumDevelopment Goals.

1a. If possible disaggregate by the poor without access

2. Rural population with access to sanitationTarget (possible milestone/indicator)

• improve proportion of people with access to improved sanitation – (Millennium DevelopmentGoals do not address sanitation)• need to identify targets look to other sources,

2a. If possible disaggregate by the poor without access

3. Rural water supply systems that are self-sustaining for O&M either through community participation;financial cost recovery; etc.Targets (possible milestones/indicator)

• % or number of systems that are self-sutaining for O&M• reduced subsidy into the sector or increased number of self-sustaining systems.

Outputs and Investments• Increase in /funding lending products that address the basic needs of water supply for the rural sector.• Increase in rural water supply components that are a part of other rural development projects orirrigation projects.• Increase in lending products that seek to stimulate alternative modes of rural water supply with greatercommunity participation•

Increase the amount of lending for rural sanitation and wastewater treatment activities• Increase and target assistance for the Nonlending Products and Services (NLPLs) for institutionaldevelopment at the country, subregional, and inter-regional level.

- develop three year program of NPLS activities as part CSP/CSPU in coordination withinvestment plan for CSP- ensure that NPLS are commensurate with reforms identified in sector roadmaps and supportinvestment recommendations in the roadmaps- target NPLS activities on outcomes identified above to support implementation of the ADB waterpolicy- when appropriate, and especially in cases of economic/thematic/sector work, pursue regionaland interregional NPLS to achieve economies of scale and allow for a comparative analysis

• Include policy dialogue with relevant agencies as part of project design.

• Increase institutional components in lending products that increase capacity of local counterpart

agencies to achieve desired sector reforms. All structural components should have complementaryinstitutional and capacity components.• Identify other donor activities and objectives with regard to reform in the country. Develop plan forcoordination and development of a unified reform approach with other donors in the country.• Make sure project activities contribute to overall sector reforms.

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Integrated Water Resources Management

Outcome1. Amount of bulk surface water supplies and groundwater supplies developed in the country (could beas a percentage relative to current demand and projected for water)Targets (possible milestones/indicator)

•

New supplies developed in MC(B)M or projected available supplies relative to projecteddemand

• Percentage of available supply developed• If possible disaggregate supply sources by new surface water, new groundwater, agriculturaland urban demand management, and water reuse.

2. National water policy(s)/law(s) in place that clearly and comprehensively specifies institutionalresponsibilities taking into account different levels of governance including national, state, local, and basin(from WFA Policy)Targets (possible milestones/indicator)

• Existence of policy(s)/law(s) or a reform of existing laws.• Development of enabling legislation/law that achieves these ends implements

3. Transparent and participatory water allocation and reallocation processes with due process to assessimpacts of any new or changed water allocation and that ensures the access rights of the poor and othermarginalized groups (from WFA Policy)Targets (possible milestones/indicator)

• Existence of policy(s)/law(s) or specified reforms to existing allocation framework at improvetransparency and equity• Existence of a water rights system exist for water withdrawals for both ground and surfacewater that has an effective and administration and enforcement system.

- Estimated percentage of withdrawals that have an accompanying permit or water right(by number of sources or total withdrawal)- Estimated amount of withdrawals that exceed permit limits (percentage or totalvolume).

4. A neutral apex body or effective interagency coordination mechanism in place to oversee waterresources policy including allocations with responsibility for management of water resources (from WFAPolicy)Target (possible milestone/indicator)

• Existence of such an agency or a coordinating mechanisms• Enabling legislation proposed to create such an agency• A plan to create a coordinating function/body to among existing agencies to fulfill this role.

5. Institutionalization of process (assigned agencies and responsibilities) with funding mechanism tosupport an ongoing data collection network for integrated water resources management decision-makingTarget (possible milestone/indicator)

• Existing data collection and management networks• Development of permanent funding mechanisms to support data collection

• Specific types of monitoring of data collection including hydrologic (surface and ground); waterquality, and abstraction information; quality of existing data.

6. Existence of national and/or state water resource management plan(s) with an action agenda thatincorporates both investment planning and institutional reforms and ongoing process to keep updatingthis plan - internal planning should not rely on external consultants (from WFA Policy)Target (possible milestone/indicator)

• Starting or completion of the planning process or existence of the plan.• Creation of new institutions/policies or realignment of existing institutions/policies to accomplishthis –

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7. Current water resources assessments on basin basis and existence of river basin organizations (fromWFA Policy)Targets (or milestones)

• Data organized on a basin-wide basis• Basic data and planning structure is in place to create river basin development plans.•

Ability to perform a water balance within the country’s major basins.• River basin development and management plans with accompanying institutional structure forimplementation

• Individual basin management/development agencies (Basin Management Organizations) orcoordinating mechanism of existing relevant agencies exist (from WFA Policy).

• Enabling legislation/statutes to develop such organizations or promote a river basin approach

8. Legally authorized bulk water supplier to provide water for water service providers that is separateentity from water service providers (from WFA Policy)Targets (or milestones)

• Existence of bulk water supplier separate from water service providers.• Bulk water charges from bulk water supplier to water service provider to support cost recoveryfor bulk water resources development

Possible Outputs (generic in nature to address institutional issues)Outputs in this case are difficult to specify since the mechanisms to stimulate institutional reform aremuch less direct and much less understood than the mechanisms to increase water supply. The outputsalso apply to all of the specific outcomes listed above.

• Increase and target assistance for the Nonlending Products and Services (NLPLs) for institutionaldevelopment at the country, subregional, and inter-regional level.

- develop three year program of NPLS activities as part CSP/CSPU in coordination withinvestment plan for CSP- ensure that NPLS are commensurate with reforms identified in sector roadmaps and supportinvestment recommendations in the roadmaps- target NPLS activities on outcomes identified above to support implementation of the ADB waterpolicy- when appropriate, and especially in cases of economic/thematic/sector work, pursue regionaland interregional NPLS to achieve economies of scale and allow for a comparative analysis

• Include policy dialogue with relevant agencies as part of project design.

• Increase institutional components in lending products that increase capacity of local counterpartagencies to achieve desired sector reforms. All structural components should have complementaryinstitutional and capacity components.

• Identify other donor activities and objectives with regard to reform in the country. Develop plan forcoordination and development of a unified reform approach with other donors in the country.

• Make sure project activities contribute to overall sector reforms. Increased project components toaddress institutional activities.

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Irrigation and Drainage

Outcome1. Area of developed irrigation land in the country.This can either be express as an area of square hectares or as a percentage of total possible irrigablearea that can be developed. This indicator and the others may be disaggregated by type irrigationsystems – e.g. large gravity systems, smaller community gravity systems, shallow-tube well or otherpump type systemsTargets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• Increase in the amount of irrigated land or the percentage of irrigable land developed1a. target development in areas where rural poor are concentrated

2. Irrigation efficiency for existing irrigation systems, which is defined as the percent of water needed bythe crop over the total amount delivered into the irrigation system or project.Targets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• Increase the irrigation efficiency for all irrigation systems as an aggregate• Reduction of the number of irrigation systems below a specified efficiency

3. Cropping intensity in current irrigation systems. The total area harvested in an irrigated areas over aone year period divided by design area of the irrigation system multiplied by the number croppingseasons in a year.Targets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• Increase in the cropping intensity for all systems• Reduction of the number of systems below a specified intensity

4. Yields per hectare of primary irrigated crops in the country.Targets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• Increase average yields for the major crops

5. Existence of benchmarking system for irrigation system performance – including O&M and equity ofwater distribution (WFA Policy)Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• Plane to implement benchmarking system• Ongoing benchmarking with performance indicators in place.

6. Cost-recovery for irrigation systems – treat O&M and capital costs separately. It may be necessary tobreak this into different indicators if different types of irrigation systems are present (e.g. large nationalsystems, small communal systems, small pump systems)Targets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• Cost cutting for system O&M• Reduced subsidy flowing into the sector from the government• Increase water fees or other charges for users within their ability to pay

7. Increased collection rate for irrigation service for those systems that charge their users irrigation fees.Targets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• increase in collection efficiency for the irrigation system

8. Average farmer incomes in irrigation areasTargets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• increase in the average farmer incomes

9. User participation in the system and degree and decentralization of national irrigation agencies (WFAPolicy)Targets/ (possible milestones/indicator)

• existence of water users associations

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• water users engaged in basic O&M activities for the systems – purely contractual• water users involved in system planning and directing operation control over budget, staffing,and other decisions – meaningful governance activities• water users have actual ownership over system infrastructure• contracting of irrigation system function to non-irrigation agency staff• reduction of irrigation agency staff

Additional possible outputs, actions and investments

• Increased lending/funding to improve the productivity of existing irrigation facilities• Increase in NLPS to develop sector reforms and help transform irrigation service agencies to becomemore.

• Lending and NPLS activities to improve coordination between agriculture/rural development activitiessuch as farm extension, micro-credit, and market development to improve productivity and farmerlivelihoods.• Donor and counterpart coordination meetings to develop a reform agenda for the irrigation agency

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Flood Management

Outcomes1. Annual economic losses due to floods (US$)Targets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• Reduce by a certain percentage the annual losses for floods•

Limit the annual losses from floods to a targeted number each year

2. Number of persons affected by floods annuallyTargets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• Reduce by certain percentage of population or a total number the persons who are exposed to floodannually• If possible target by poor

3. Economic activities exposed to flood riskTargets/(possible milestones/indicator)• Increase flood protection through structural and non-structural means to protect economic activities• Transfer certain percentage of economic activities out of flood risk areas

4. Existence of flood emergency services to restores economic losses, infrastructure, and social servicesafter such flood disastersTargets/(possible milestones/indicator)

• Time taken to restore basic services and areas to recover after a flood• Percent of economic losses compensated

Outputs1. Number of persons exposed to flood riskTargets/(possible milestones/indicator)• Increase flood protection through structural and non-structural means to protect people, if possibletarget by poor

2. Complete coverage of all flood risk areas with a flood warning systemsTargets/(possible milestones/indicator)• % increase of area covered by flood warning system• % reduction of area with flood risk

3. Existence of national/provincial/basin flood management plan with structural and non-structuralmeasuresTargets/(possible milestones/indicator)• Development of plan• Development or designation of agency with planning responsibilities

Additional possible outputs, actions and investments

• Increase in funding/lending to support structural and non-structural flood management measures.• Increase NLPLs for developing flood management strategies including development of flood warning

systems• Increase project components to help clients develop disaster response capabilities• Work with other donors and clients to develop and coordinate flood prevention and flood responsecapacity.

Water Sector Roadmaps General and Sectoral Guidelines

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