Water Employment Migration in the Mediterranean including ... · WEM under the UfM Water Agenda Aim...

www.gwpmed.org

Water – Employment – Migrationin the Mediterranean

including through Nature based Solutions

Vangelis Constantianos, Executive SecretaryKonstantina Toli, WEM Theme Leader

GWP-Med

Water – Employment – Migration and NdSWMarch 20182/12 www.gwpmed.org

Water (in)security & economic growth

Source: Maddocks et al. in Jägerskog and Swain, Water, migration and how they are interlinked, 2016. Source: World Bank: High and Dry, 2016

Water security and economic growth are interlinked

• 6-14% of GDP loss in MENA by 2050 if a do-

nothing approach is pursued

• Many jobs in the region are currently situated in

water intense modes, as e.g. irrigated agriculture

Water insecurity

• is a “threat multiplier”, intensified by climate change

and variability & subpar water governance

• Linked to food insecurity, unemployment, instability,

and possibly violent conflict


Youth Unemployment

Source: ILO, Global Employment Trends for Youth 2015

• Structural unemployment:

• Low economic growth &

lack of labour demand

• 50 million new jobs need

to be created over by 2020

to absorb the additional

labour supply


Youth Unemployment

Source: ILO, Global Employment Trends for Youth 2015, 2015

• Low youth employability

due to skills mismatch

• Females 4x less likely to

make a successful school-

to-job transition

• Education correlates

positively with

unemployment

Youth Unemployment Rates by Level of Education (%)


Drivers of Migration

▪ Although migration can only be understood if all

factors are assessed, water security is becoming

increasingly relevant as a migration driver

• Migration within (rural-rural, rural-urban) and

between countries increases upon water shocks

• Potential cause of intra-state friction

• Has ramifications for other factors, especially

socio-economic perspectives

▪ Complex and different challenges for countries of

migration origin, transit and destination

• Loss of labour force for origin countries

• Increased pressure on resources at transit

• Challenges in regard to hosting and integration

Water Security

Demographics

Governance

Socio-economicPerspectives


Water Security, Employment & Migration: Theory of Change


EU, UfM, UNESCO WWAP, CMI, etc.

1. Tackle root causes of migration through economic, political and social development;

2. Issue External Investment Plan (aim: €88bn) for African states and EU-Neighbourhood.

1. Increase youth employability, improve intermediation, and enable growth of SMEs;

2. Achieve poverty reduction.

1. Conceptualize the interlinkages of water security and jobs;

2. Show potential of investments into water security for job creation.


WEM under the UfM Water Agenda

Aim

To assist tackling water challenges as root causes of unemployment leading to migration as well as migration and displacement impacts on water resources, contributing to sustainable development in the UfM region

Objective

To increase water-related employability and entrepreneurship, particularly targeting youth, in countries of migration origin and migration transit, while promoting sustainable water management and gender equality objectives


Water-Employment-

Migration (WEM) related challenges

and solutions identified and prioritised, at

different geographical

scales, through analysis and multi-

stakeholder consultation

Policy Assessment

Socio-economic

assessment

Technical assessment

WEM Multi-

stakeholder Dialogues

Dialogues with targeted

SH groups

Youth and gender focused

Private sector role assessment

Regional

National

Local

Water-Employment-Migration: Promote Policy Dialogues


Commonalities and Idiosyncrasies:

Similar problems, different nuancesTunisia

(Country of Origin)

Lebanon(Mostly Transit Country)

National Employment Strategy YES NO

Groups in Need of Employment Rural youth of all skill levels;

Females (esp. university graduates)

Lesser skilled locals and migrants (esp. female refugees);

University graduates

Vocational Training System Mostly Public Mostly Private

Start-up Support System Reasonably developed, but room for improvement Reasonably developed, but room for improvement

Water Sectors with Needs &

Potential

Coastal Protection; Drinking Water Supply; Hydropower;

WASH; Wastewater Management

Agricultural Efficiency; Drinking Water Supply; Flood Risk

Management; WASH; Wastewater Management

Effect of Migration on

Water Security

Intense, mostly due to rural-urban movements Intense, mostly due to immigration by external populations

Level of Immigration Low High

Level of Emigration High Medium


Water-Employment- Migration Provide Governance Tools

WEM governance settings strengthened, at different geographical scales

Water

Migration

Water

Employment

Adaption of National Governance settings to WEM agenda

Guidelines for mainstreaming Sustainable Water Management in National Migration Strategies and Plans

Guidelines for mainstreaming Youth & Gender considerations in National Migration Strategies and Plans

ACTION PLAN

Guidelines for mainstreaming WEM in National Plans

Climate Change

Sustainable Development


Planning and implementation of WEM solutions enabled

Investments preparation & financing

Market Definition

INNOVATION

SMEs

START -UPS

Market Setting /

Transformation

Mainstreaming WEM objectives into

Regional and National financing frameworks

Water-Employment- Migration Assist Planning & Implementation

NCWR

Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems technologies

Water Efficiency solutions


Knowledge shared and capacity built on WEM methodologies, policies and technologies

WEM knowledge exchange

Capacity Building

Vocational education

and training (VET)

Youth Platform

Awareness Campaigns

New Educational

Curricula

Water-Employment- Migration Raise Capacity & Share Knowledge


Demonstration actions implemented as means for WEM knowledge sharing

Identification

Support

Design

Implementation

Climate Resilient Sustainable Development

Scaling up solutions

Replication potential

Water-Employment- Migration Do Demo actions


Demo types: A range of possible NdSW applications

NbSW approaches Area of interventions Examples of interventions

Ecosystem restoration approaches

Ecological restoration - Restoration of polluted river basin- Restoration of a degraded forest area

Ecological engineering - Introduction of plant species for salt marsh restoration- Use species that trap sediment for coastal protection of sandy shores

Landscape / productivity restoration

- Plantation to protect water and soil resources - Plantation to enhance connectivity between protected areas

Issue-specific ecosystem-related approaches

Ecosystem-based adaptation - Renaturation of rivers or canals to attenuate flooding- Replantation with climate-tolerant species to adapt to climate change

Ecosystem-based disaster risk mitigation

- Restoration of large marshlands to protect from flooding - Use of protected areas to reduce disaster risk in coastal areas

Infrastructure-related approaches

Natural infrastructure - Establish flood by-passes to reduce downstream flooding- Connect rivers to floodplains and aquifers

Green-blue infrastructure - Rainwater harvesting, including at urban level - Improve urban run-off to improve infiltration- Increase urban green area to improve infiltration and bio-retention - Grey water recycling and reuse


Demo types*:

Green Infrastructure and Nature based Solutions

Natural processes systemsDam optimisation

• Optimisation of existing large scale water infrastructure

• Increase of the reservoir storage capacity by retaining overflowing water

• Reduction of the use of underground water sources and related energy costs

• Alleviates pressure for new dams to meet water demand

Nature based solutionWater Course

cleaning

• Valley cleaning allows water percolation to the aquifer

• Prevents soli erosion resulting to sedimentation

• Water can be retained and used for rural purposes

Nature based solutionsGreen

Infrastructure

• Green roofs, green walls, urban water courses increase urban green and reduce flood risk

• Green/blue infrastructure offers multiple benefits: climate change adaptation at local/urban level; non conventional sources of water for secondary uses; better living environment

* Tested by GWP-Medwith Coca-Cola Foundation support


Demo Types*

NCWR - Rainwater harvesting

Metallic tanksRWH systems

• Low cost systems

• Adapted to local needs

• Reuse mainly for farming and irrigation

Modular systemsStormwater

retention systems

• Innovative applications,

• Can be adapted to special local needs, e.g. spatial & architectural restrictions

• Water reused for landscaping, toilet flushing etc.

Traditional structuresRWH systems

• Optimisation of existing infrastructure

• Increase water retention capacity, exp. In case of floods

• Water reused for landscaping, fire extinction, etc. * Tested by GWP-Medwith Coca-Cola Foundation support


Demo types*

NCWR - Greywater Recycling & Desalination

Natural processes systemsGreywater recycling

• Simple technology, Low cost systems

• Reduces wastewater load of sewerage systems

• Suitable for domestic use and small scale facilities

• Water reused for landscaping and toilet flushing

Membrane based recyclingGreywater recycling

• High-end technology

• Systems for larger facilities and/or community uses

• Water reused for landscaping, irrigation and toilet flushing

ApplicationsSmall scale

Desalination

• RES based desalination for remote communities

• Access to clean water

* Tested by GWP-Medwith Coca-Cola Foundation support


Context for WEM: a Timeline within UfMMarch 2016: UfM WEGdeveloped contents on migration, employment and youth as foci of the new regional water agenda.

April 2017: UfMMinisterial Conference on Water to refine the contents of the new regionalwater agenda.

July 2017: UfM & MS approve WEM as one of the 5 themes of the UfMWater Agenda

Feb 2018: 8th

UfM WEG approves the 2018-19 WEM workplan; 2 countries undertake leadership to develop contents towards a regional programme

WEM TF Q1-Q2 2018:

- WEM policy dialogue

Regional scoping note on WEM contents

Regional scoping note on mainstreaming WEM objectives into new international financing frameworks

WEM TF Q3-Q4 2018:

- 2 CB workshops for WEG members & 1 for MPs

- 1 WEM regional policy dialogue event

- Guidelines for mainstreaming WEM considerations in national plans

WEM TF 2019:

- 1 WEM regional policy dialogue event -1 CB workshop for WEG members

- 1 Guidelines for mainstreaming WEM considerations in national plans


WEM is a ‘new/old’ thematic agenda for Water and for the Mediterranean

▪ Identification and prioritization in the focus of the first period

▪ However, tangible action should emerge early

WEM agenda takes Water out-of-its-box

▪ Synergies with non-water/Nexus sectors and partners should be established early

▪ It is a field that can/shall attract private sector engagement

▪ Youth is a target audience and an anticipated partner

Funding opportunities seem to emerge

• UfM, through and for its Member States, can be an enabler in shaping these according to needs, and tap on them. The GWP-Med/Sida ‘Matchmaker Project’ supports that.

• Regional organisations will hopefully have interest to partner according to interest/capacities

The Challenges


- Is there potential for a dynamic Water Market based on NCWR / Nexus ?

- Is there potential for a new Water Culture in the Mediterranean?

- Can Youth become a key player in these, and if yes, how to empower this role?

Three overall questions for further thought


For more information:

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[email protected] [email protected]

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Water Employment Migration in the Mediterranean including ... · WEM under the UfM Water Agenda Aim...

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