Waste ManagementWaste Management

Presentation by:

Ankush Kumar

15.09.2009MNES

Submitted to:

Dr. Kashmir Singh(HOD) Roll No. 6432

‘Human is only being on this planet that creates the waste”

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Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each.

Type of WastesType of Wastes

Households

Commerce and Industry

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IndustriesIndustries

They only prefer her benefits.Industries produces the products they harms our environment. Industries are the main responsible for this waste

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Type of Industries waste

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What is the solution?

Who is responsible & improve it Who is responsible & improve it

Management for non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

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CONTENTS

1 Methods

1.1 Disposal methods

1.1.1 Landfill

1.2 Recycling methods

2.2 Energy recovery

2.3 Avoidance and reduction methods

5 Education and awareness

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MethodsDisposal methodsLandfill

Landfill operation in Hawaii.Disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, and this remains a common practice in most countries. Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. A properly-designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials. Older, poorly-designed

or poorly-managed landfills can create a number of adverse environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation of liquid leachate. Another common byproduct of landfills is gas (mostly composed of methane and carbon dioxide), which is produced as organic waste breaks down anaerobically. This gas can create odor problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a greenhouse gas.

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Design characteristics of a modern landfill include methods to contain leachate such as clay or plastic lining material. Deposited waste is normally compacted to increase its density and stability, and covered to prevent attracting vermin (such as mice or rats). Many landfills also have landfill gas extraction systems installed to extract the landfill gas. Gas is pumped out of the landfill using perforated pipes and flared off or burnt in a gas engine to generate electricity.

A landfill compaction vehicle in action.

Modern Landfill

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PVC, LDPE, PP, and PS (see resin identification code) are also recyclable, although these are not commonly collected. These items are usually composed of a single type of material, making them relatively easy to recycle into new products. The recycling of complex products (such as computers and electronic equipment) is more difficult, due to the additional dismantling and separation required.

Recycling methods

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Energy recovery

Anaerobic digestion component of Lübeck mechanical biological treatment plant in Germany, 2007The energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel. Recycling through thermal treatment ranges from using waste as a fuel source for cooking or heating, to fuel for boilers to generate steam and electricity in a turbine. Pyrolysis and gasification are two related forms of thermal treatment where waste materials are heated to high temperatures with limited oxygen availability. The process typically occurs in a sealed vessel under high pressure. Pyrolysis of solid waste converts the material into solid, liquid and gas products. The liquid and gas can be burnt to produce energy or refined into other products. The solid residue (char) can be further refined into products such as activated carbon. Gasification and advanced Plasma arc gasification are used to convert organic materials directly into a synthetic gas (syngas) composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas is then burnt to produce electricity and steam.

Waste-to-energy

Waste Generation by CountryWaste Generation by Country(Global Waste Survey Final Report Published by IMO 1995)*(Global Waste Survey Final Report Published by IMO 1995)*

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Countries Amount /year

Japan 395 M tonnes/year

Germany 104 M tonnes/year

Netherlands 6.1 M tonnes/year

Hungary 102 M tonnes/year

Poland 130 M tonnes/year

Romania 607 M tonnes/year

Bahrain 92,000 tonnes/year

China 6 B tonnes/year

Philippines 1.3 M tonnes/year

*from primary and secondary industry sectors

WHAT SHOULD BE DONEWHAT SHOULD BE DONE Reduce Waste

- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policy to duplex all draft reports and by making training manuals and personnel information available electronically.

- Improve product design to use less materials.

- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining strength.

- Work with customers to design and implement a packaging return program.

- Switch to reusable transport containers.

- Purchase products in bulk.14

SuggestionSuggestion

Employee Education

- Develop an “office recycling procedures” packet.

- Send out recycling reminders to all employees including environmental articles.

- Train employees on recycling practices prior to implementing recycling programs.

- Conduct an ongoing training process as new technologies are introduced and new employees join the institution.

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SuggestionSuggestion

Employee Education

- education campaign on waste management that includes an extensive internal web site, quarterly newsletters, daily bulletins, promotional signs and helpful reference labels within the campus of an institution.

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Stages in the Implementation of Stages in the Implementation of EMSEMS

understanding of eco-ethics environmental and health effects economic impacts liabilities

After establishing a complete list of significant aspects, the organization sets environmental goals and develops a plan to achieve those goals.

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Identify all environmental aspects: any environmental or health and safety impacts resulting from activities and services. The organization then evaluates each aspect according to a variety of criteria:

1. Plan

2. Do The ‘do-phase’ of the model involves implementation of the environmental plan through employee training and establishment of operation controls.

3. Check Evaluates progress toward meeting program goals

through ongoing monitoring and measuring and periodic EMS audits.

4. ActInvolves taking corrective action to update and improve the environmental plan. For example, if an organization makes significant progress on one environmental aspect, another environmental aspect will replace it on the priority list.

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Why Should an Organization Adopt an Why Should an Organization Adopt an EMS?EMS?

1. Improve environmental performance It helps monitor energy and water conservation, resource efficiencies, and pollution prevention.

2. Better regulatory complianceIncrease regulatory compliance which is especially important for organizations that spend time and resources with regulatory violations.

3. Certification and recognitionEMS implementation can enhance an organization’s image and improve public community relations.

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