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Solid Waste & Impact. DEFINITION OF SOLID WASTE Solid waste refers to all waste materials except...
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Transcript of Solid Waste & Impact. DEFINITION OF SOLID WASTE Solid waste refers to all waste materials except...
Solid Waste & Impact
DEFINITION OF SOLID WASTE
Solid waste refers to all waste materials except hazardous waste, liquid waste, and atmospheric emissions.
SOLID WASTES AND HARZADOUS WASTE
Solid Waste
Community Waste Agricultural Waste Industrial Waste
General Waste
Household Hazardous
Waste
Non-Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Waste
Refuse GarbageSame as general
waste- Paper- elastic- bottle- glass- textile- metal- Lether- rubber- etc.
- Vegetable- Fruit- Food
- etc.
- Battery/Flash light- Fluorescent- Paint- Chemical Containers
- Toxic Waste- Radioactive Waste- Chemical Waste- Explosive Waste- Corrosive Waste
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
COLLECTION
TRANSFER/TRANSPORTATION
RECOVERY PROCESSING
DISPOSAL
STORAGE
SOLID WASTE GENERATION
SOLID WASTE
TransportationSources- Household- Commercial- Institutional- Market
Disposal• Sanitary land fill• Incineration• Decomposing
PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE AND MANAGEMENT
Problem of source and collection
Problem of Transportation Problem of disposal
PROBLEM OF SOURCE AND COLLECTION
Source Poor disposal at
source Not separate of solid
waste and hazardous waste
Remaining solid waste
Collection Collection service
not cover all responsible area
Lack of containers Improper containers Time consuming
(due to solid waste collector spend time for separation)
ON-SITE STORAGEON-SITE STORAGE Primary containers
Communal containers
PRIMARY CONTAINERS
Bags, bins, buckets, etc. Used to collect and store the solid
waste on household level In tropical urban environment,
advised to storage not more than 24 hrs due to the serious risk of nuisance from odors and fly breeding
PROBLEM OF TRANSPORTATION
Falling of solid waste during transportation
Insufficient of transporting vehicle
Unsuitable collecting routing/time
PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL Unsuitable location/improper design Disposal site
No solid waste separation Incorrect solid waste separation (eg. scavenger) Not operated as designed (eg. Open dump
and burn instead of sanitary landfill) Lack of equipment and manpower
Inadequate of disposal area Difficult to find disposal site areas
POOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT
Technical constraint Budget constraint
Collection fee is very low Social constraint (NIMBY
SYNDROME)
THE PROBLEM OF COMMUNITY WASTE MANAGEMENT
Health Effect Collectors do not ware safety suit Collectors have high risk of infection
Communication Lack of understanding in solid waste
management Ignore to do it right Lack of participation Lack of information
Public Health Aspects of Municipal Solid Waste Management
Waste categories
Potential health impacts in the waste cycle
Waste categories
Potential health impacts in the waste cycle
Waste categories with potential public health impacts Domestic waste
General household wastes with used batteries and drugs containers, street sweepings with small quantities of excreta
Special and hazardous wastesHealth care waste (sharp and infectious components), toxic chemical, pharmaceutical and other industrial wastes, as well as radioactive wastes
Other bulky wastesUntreated abattior wastes, construction wastes with asbestos components and sludge for treatment plants
Potential health impacts in the waste cycle
Waste recovery, recycling and reuse
Collection and transfer
Generation and storageGeneration and storage
Treatment and disposal
Groups at risk from adverse public health impact of MSWM The population of unserved areas,
especially pre-school children Waste operators and waste pickers Workers in facilities that produce
infectious, toxic, and cancer-causing material
People living close to waste disposal facilities
The population supplied with water polluted by waste dumping or by inadequately protected landfill sites
Public health impacts if waste picking Minor occupational impacts from dust
and sharps Significant occupational impacts from
toxic chemicals, in recycling waste with high heavy metal content
Significant in case of recycling of poorly disinfected infectious waste
Occupational hazards associates with waste handling
Accidents
Infections
Chronic Diseases
Accidents: Muscular-skeletal disorders resulting from
the handling of heavy containers Wounds, most often infected wounds,
resulting from contact with sharp waste Intoxication and injuries resulting from
contact with small amounts of hazardous chemical wastes collected with garbage
Trauma, burns, and other injuries resulting from occupational accidents at waste disposal sites, or from methane gas explosion on landfill sites
Infections: Dermal and blood infection resulting from
direct contact with waste and from infected wounds
Ophthalmologic and respiratory infections resulting from exposure to infected dust, especially during land filling operation
Zoonosis resulting from bites by wild or stray animals feeding on wastes
Enteric infections transmitted by insects feeding on wastes
Chronic diseases: Incineration operators are especially
exposed to chronic respiratory diseases resulting from exposure to dust; to toxic and carcinogenic impacts resulting from exposure to hazardous compounds; to cardiovascular disorders and heat stress resulting from expose to excessive temperature; and to loss of hearing function due to exposure to excessive noise.
Environmental pathways of health hazards from waste disposal facilities
Composting
Landfills
Incinerators
CompostingComposting
Minor occupational impacts from dust, sharp objects and small amounts of infectious wastes
IncineratorsIncinerators
Direct impacts: occupational accidents and chronic diseases, air pollution by particulates, heavy metals, and toxic chemicals
Indirect impacts: soil pollution by fly ash falling down, chemical water pollution from acid wastewater, and leachates from ash disposal in landfills
LandfillsLandfills
Direct impacts: accidents, fires, explosions, dust, smoke, noise, odors, insects, rodents, stray animals
Indirect impacts: Surface water pollution by runoff from the landfill, and underground water pollution by leachates
Summary of waste-linked diseases and conditions with their causes or pathway of transmission
Injuries and chronic diseases
Tropical diseases transmitted by water borne vectors in urban areas
Bacterial, virus, or parasitic infections
Injuries and chronic diseasesInjuries and chronic diseases
Cuts and infective wounds from sharp waste
Burns from fires generated in wastes Trauma from collapses of huge waste piles Burns or wounds from hazardous
chemicals in waste Toxication and cancers from exposure to
hazardous waste Chronic respiratory diseases from
exposure to dust
Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections:Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections: Bacterial or viral, blood infections resulting
from injuries caused by infected sharp waste Eye and skin infections from waste generated
infect dust Respiratory infections from exposure to waste-
generated infected dust Vector borne diseases, viral or parasitic,
transmitted by vectors living or breeding in waste-generated ponds; and worm infestation transmitted by contact with polluted soil
Bacterial viral or parasitic enteric diseases, transmitted either:
- By insects and rodents feeding on wastes- By accidental ingestion of waste food- Through drinking water contaminated by
leachate from waste- Trough eating food contaminated by leachate
from waste Zoonosis carried by stray animals and rodents
feeding on waste (rabies, plangue, leishmaniasis, hydiatasis, tick-borne fevers)
Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections:Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections:
Tropical diseases transmitted by water-borne vectors in urban areas:
Malaria transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes
Dengue and yellow fever transmitted by aedes mosquitoes
Filariasis (Bancroftian) transmitted by culex mosquitoes
Schistosomiasis has bored by bulinus and other snails