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Transcript of WASH WATER SAMPLING PROGRAMME 2 - egcsa.com€¦ · wash water sampling programme 2 mark west. ......
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
WASH WATER SAMPLING PROGRAMME 2
MARK WEST
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
• REPRISE OF FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAMME
• WHAT ARE PAH’S?
• SOME COMPARISON OF PAH ANALYSES WITH CRUDE OIL
AND PRODUCED WATER
• REVIEW OF SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAMME TO DATE
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
INTRODUCTORY BRIEF PROVIDED TO THE ESSF
• UNFOUNDED CONCERNS ABOUT SCRUBBING IN EU PORTS
• LACK OF DATA ON COMPOSITION OF SCRUBBER WASH WATER DISCHARGE
• LIMITED SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS – LOW NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS (AS OF JULY 2014)
• JOINT AGREEMENT EGCSA & EUROSHORE TO UNDERTAKE FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAMME
• IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING BY LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES
• ANONYMITY FOR SHIP OPERATORS (& EGCSA MEMBERS)
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FIRST PROGRAMME - SAMPLING
• SAMPLES (SYSTEM DEPENDENT)
• SEAWATER/SCRUBBER INLET
• WASH WATER BEFORE TREATMENT
• OVERBOARD DISCHARGE (BEFORE pH CORRECTION)
• SCRUBBER SYSTEM & ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS, SHIP POSITION BEFORE & AFTER
SAMPLING
• FOR INTEGRITY ASSURANCE
• LABORATORY PREPARED SAMPLE BOTTLE PACKS
• PREPARATION - CLEANING & FLUSHING OF SAMPLING POINTS & COLLECTION GEAR
• MW SAILED WITH ALL VESSELS IN THE FIRST PROGRAMME.
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FIRST PROGRAMME - SAMPLING CONDITIONS
• PLAN AT START OF PROJECT:
• NEAR FULL ENGINE POWER AS POSSIBLE
• MULTI-INLET SCRUBBERS RUNNING AT NEAR MAXIMUM CAPACITY
• WITHIN 12 HOURS OF BERTHING IN PORT
• PRACTICAL REALITY
• FULL RANGE OF ENGINE OPERATING POWERS & SCRUBBER CAPACITIES (MANOEUVRING TO
~MCR)
• UNCERTAINTY OF SPOT MARKET SHIPS
• SCHEDULES ON REGULAR ROUTES
• VARIABLE WEATHER AND SEA CONDITIONS
• FUEL SAVING
• ENGINE (NOT SCRUBBER!) BREAKDOWNS ON THE SUBJECT SHIP AND OTHER SHIPS ON THE BERTH
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FIRST PROGRAMME - NUMBERS
• 10 SHIPS SAMPLED, 15 SHIP SETS OF SAMPLES LANDED, 40 SAMPLE POINTS
• 225 SAMPLE BOTTLES ANALYSED (ALL AT SGS HERTEN), ~1400 TEST RESULTS
• 12 OPEN LOOP MODE, 3 CLOSED LOOP MODE
• 7 MANUFACTURERS
• 6 HYBRID, 3 OPEN LOOP, 1 CLOSED LOOP
• 5 FERRIES, 2 CONTAINER, 2 TANKER, 1 VEHICLE CARRIER
• 8 SCRUBBERS FOR SINGLE ENGINES, 4 SCRUBBERS FOR MULTIPLE COMBUSTION UNITS
• 2 ECA – BALTIC & NORTH SEA
• 1.48 - 2.87% SULPHUR FUEL
• 90% MCR – MANOEUVRING, 52% AVERAGE
• 10 DAYS – LONGEST TIME MW ONBOARD!
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FIRST PROGRAMME – ANALYSES SUMMARY
• NITRATES – ALL SAMPLES (OVERBOARD – INLET) LOW & WITHIN IMO LIMITS (1.8mg/l vs. 60mg/l)
• AMEND MEPC 259.(68) SCRUBBER GUIDELINES FOR NITRATES ANALYSIS LIMITS TO: DISCHARGE –
INLET?
• POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS OF SAMPLE AGING ON NITRATE LEVELS MEASURED BY LAB ANALYSIS
• POSSIBLE USE OF ONBOARD TESTING FOR FUTURE PROGRAMMES BECAUSE OF SHORT SAMPLE
PRESERVATION TIME (SAMPLES NEED TO BE FROZEN)
• NITRITES NOT AN ISSUE
• BTEX NOT AN ISSUE
• 11 OVERBOARD SAMPLES - BTEX NOT DETECTED, 5 OVERBOARD SAMPLES - 4ppb HIGHEST LEVEL:
2ppb BENZENE + 2ppb TOLUENE
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FIRST PROGRAMME - SUMMARY
• METALS – VERY LOW BUT SOME EVIDENCE OF MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
• EGCSA STANDARD FOR SAMPLING VALVE LOCATION AND MATERIALS TO BE ESTABLISHED?
• VANADIUM?
• PAH – ALL WITHIN IMO LIMITS
• SOME EVIDENCE THAT PAH MAY BE AN INDICATOR OF OPERATION, COMBUSTION PERFORMANCE,
WWT PERFORMANCE?
• SECOND SAMPLING PROGRAMME FOCUS ON PAH & METALS (NOT MERCURY)
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
SAMPLING PROGRAMME 2
• LEARNING FROM FIRST PROGRAMME
• SHIP TO TAKE SAMPLES (TIME, COST)
• REQUIRES GOOD EMAIL DIALOGUE WITH
CHIEF ENGINEER
• ESTABLISH SHIP, ENGINE, SCRUBBER DETAILS
• IDENTIFY SAMPLE POINTS
• SOME CLARIFICATION/REMINDERS
• SO FAR SO GOOD!
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
SAMPLE BOTTLE PACK
• 2 BOTTLES REQUIRED PER SAMPLE POINT
• 1 x PLASTIC METALS, 1 x GLASS PAH (NO ACID PRESERVATIVE THIS TIME)
• 6 BOTTLES PER NOMINAL SAMPLE SET, 2 SAMPLE SETS PER BOX
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
SECOND PROGRAMME – NUMBERS (EARLY DAYS!)
• 5 SHIPS SAMPLED, 7 SHIP SETS OF SAMPLES LANDED, 17 SAMPLE POINTS
• 24 SAMPLE BOTTLES ANALYSED (ALL AT SGS HERTEN), ~300 TEST RESULTS
• 4 OPEN LOOP MODE, 1 CLOSED LOOP MODE
• 2 MANUFACTURERS
• 4 HYBRID, 1 OPEN LOOP,
• 5 RORO/ROPAX
• 6 SCRUBBERS FOR SINGLE ENGINES, 1 SCRUBBER FOR MULTIPLE COMBUSTION UNITS
• 2 ECA – BALTIC & NORTH SEA
• 2.8 – 2.1% SULPHUR FUEL (IF380)
• 79% - 33%MCR, 63%% AVERAGE
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
SECOND PROGRAMME - ESSF SAMPLE ANALYSIS
• ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS (TEST METHOD EN ISO 11885)
• CADMIUM (CD)
• COPPER (CU)
• NICKEL (NI)
• LEAD (PB)
• ZINC (ZN)
• ARSENIC (AS)
• CHROMIUM (CR)
• VANADIUM (V)
• ONE MONTH SAMPLE PRESERVATION TIME
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
Mercury (Hg) Arsenic (As) Lead (Pb) Cadmium (Cd) Chrome (Cr) Copper (Cu) Nickel (Ni) Vanadium (V) Zinc (Zn)
mg/l
First sampling programme – overboard metals analysis (normalised to 45m3/MWh) vs. EU limits on incinerator scrubber waste water
Normalisedaverage alldischarges mg/l
Normalised Maxmg/l
Limits 2010/75/EUon industrialemissions (IPPC)mg/l
No vanadium limit
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FIRST SAMPLING PROGRAMME - METALS
• ALL AVERAGES WELL BELOW THE ILLUSTRATIVE 2010/75/EU LIMITS - NOTE NO LIMIT FOR
VANADIUM
• ONLY TWO RESULTS, LEAD(PB) ABOVE LIMIT – 0.3 & 0.29 mg/l vs. 0.2mg/l (SAME SHIP/ENGINE)
• 40 SAMPLES – LEAD FOUND IN 9: 3 SW IN, 3 BEFORE WWT, 3 OVERBOARD
• LEAD, COPPER, ZINC, CHROMIUM SEEM LIKELY FROM MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION EG. FROM
WWT, PIPEWORK, SAMPLE POINT ETC.
• DEPENDING ON SCRUBBER SET-UP SUGGEST FIT CLEARLY MARKED EASY TO USE NON-METALLIC
SAMPLE VALVES THAT DO NOT TRAP DEBRIS AT FOLLOWING POINTS AS STANDARD PRACTICE:
• INLET MONITORING STATION OR WHERE BACKGROUND SEAWATER SAMPLES CAN BE OBTAINED
• BEFORE WWT
• OVERBOARD DISCHARGE BEFORE pH CORRECTION - OVERBOARD MONITORING STATION
• ALSO AT SHIP SIDE IF pH CORRECTION IS USED
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Arsenic Lead Cadmium Chromium Copper Nickel Vanadium Zinc
mg/l
Second sampling programme – overboard metals analysis (normalised to 45m3/MWh) vs. EU limits on incinerator scrubber waste water
Normalisedaverage alldischarges mg/l
Normalised max.mg/l
Limits 2010/75/EUon industrialemissions (IPPC)mg/l
No vanadium limit
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Av. Prog. 1 KKHT (OB) KKOL MM NNOL NNCL
First programme average vs second programme percentage of metals in each overboard sample
Cadmium
Arsenic
Chromium
Zinc
Lead
Copper
Nickel
Vanadium
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
KKHT KKOL MM NNOL NNCL
mg/
l
Metals concentration at seawater inlet (normalized 45m3/MWh)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Av. Prog. 1 KKHT (OB) KKOL MM NNOL NNCLm
g/l
Metals concentration at overboard (normalized 45m3/MWh)
Cadmium
Arsenic
Chromium
Zinc
Lead
Copper
Nickel
Vanadium
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
SECOND PROGRAMME - ESSF SAMPLE ANALYSIS
• 16 EPA PRIORITY PAH:
• NAPHTHALENE
• ACENAPHTHYLENE
• ACENAPHTHENE
• FLUORENE
• PHENANTHRENE
• ANTHRACENE
• FLUORANTHENE
• PYRENE
• BENZO[A]ANTHRACENE
• CHRYSENE
• BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE
• BENZO[K]FLUORANTHENE
• BENZO[A]PYRENE
• DIBENZ(AH)ANTHRACENE
• BENZO[GHI]PERYLENE
• INDENO[1,2,3-CD]PYRENE
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (TEST METHOD EPA 8270 D)
7 DAYS SAMPLE PRESERVATION TIME
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FIRST PROGRAMME -PAH
• IMO LIMIT OF 50 ppb AT 45m3/MWh NOT
EXCEEDED BY ANY VESSEL
MEPC.259(68) limit
0
10
20
30
40
50
AA AA (C) AA (C) BB BB (B) BB (C) CC DD EE FF GG GG HH HH(A) II JJ
(µg
/l)
First programme - PAH concentration overboard (before dilution) -inlet (or clean SW) normalised to 45m3/MWh washwater flow rate
(µg/l)
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
SECONDPROGRAMME -PAH
• IMO LIMIT OF 50 ppb AT 45m3/MWh ALSO
NOT EXCEEDED BY ANY VESSEL
MEPC.259(68) limit
0
10
20
30
40
50
Av. Prog. 1 KKHT (OB) KKOL MM NNOL NNCL
(µg/
l)
Second programme - PAH concentration overboard (before dilution) - inlet (or clean SW) normalised to 45m3/MWh washwater flow
rate (µg/l)
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FIRST PROGRAMME -PAH
• INCREASING MOLECULAR WEIGHT PAH ARE
AT TOP OF GRAPH
• INDICATORS EG:
• SAMPLING ISSUE
• LABORATORY ISSUE
• AREA OF OPERATION; SHALLOW WATER
SEDIMENT - CHECK SW INLET SAMPLE
• COMBUSTION PERFORMANCE
• WWT PERFORMANCE
• OTHER?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
First programme - percentage of PAH species at overboard
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Chrysene
Benz(a)anthracene
Pyrene
Fluoranthene
Anthracene
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Naphthalene
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
WHAT ARE PAH’S?
• OCCUR NATURALLY IN CRUDE OIL, ALSO PRODUCED AS BY-PRODUCTS OF FUEL COMBUSTION
• ENGINES & BOILERS DESIGNED TO OPTIMISE THE FUEL OIL COMBUSTION
• HOWEVER EXHAUST GASES CONTAIN:
• INCOMPLETELY COMBUSTED AND UNBURNED MATERIAL
• GASEOUS HYDROCARBON AND PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM SIMPLE METHANE TO VERY LARGE
COMPLEX MOLECULES
• PROPORTION OF WHICH INCLUDES POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
• LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT PAHS FOUND MAINLY UNBOUND IN THE GASEOUS PHASE EXHAUST
• HEAVIER MOLECULAR WEIGHT PAHS PART OF A GROUP OF SUBSTANCES THAT ARE BOUND ONTO
SOOT DURING COMBUSTION
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
WHAT ARE PAH’S?
• PAHS ARE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING FROM 2 TO 8 [BENZENE] RING SYSTEMS
• PAHS PRESENT IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS TYPICALLY
DIVIDED INTO 2 GROUPS DEPENDING ON THEIR ORIGIN:
• PYROGENIC
• INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL E.G. FOSSIL FUEL OILS
• PETROGENIC
• OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS
• TYPICALLY PYROGENIC COMPOSED OF LARGER RING SYSTEMS THAN PETROGENIC
• TYPICALLY PYROGENIC MORE TOXIC AND PERSISTENT THAN PETROGENIC
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FATE OF PAH’S
• PAHS ENTER ECOSYSTEMS VIA UNSCRUBBED ENGINE AND BOILER EMISSIONS
• SCRUBBERS REMOVE PARTICULATE MATTER, HENCE HEAVIER WEIGHT GENERALLY MORE
HARMFUL PAHS
• LOWER WEIGHT UNBOUND PAHS DISSOLVED INTO THE WASH WATER.
• SCRUBBER OVERBOARD DISCHARGES REQUIRED TO BE MONITORED FOR PAH AND
TURBIDITY FOR PARTICULATE CONTENT.
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
FATE OF PAH’S
PETROGENIC
• LOWER MOLECULAR WEIGHT
• GREATER SOLUBILITY
• DEGRADATION BY A GREATER NUMBER OF
BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES:
• VOLATILIZATION, DISSOLUTION,
PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION, MICROBIAL
BREAKDOWN
PYROGENIC
• HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT
• REDUCED SOLUBILITY
• RESISTANT TO VARIOUS FORMS OF
MICROBIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION:
• PAHS ADSORBED TO SOOT CARBON SHOW
LITTLE PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION
• REMOVAL MAINLY BY SEDIMENTATION
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Av. Prog. 1 KKHT (OB) KKOL MM NNOL NNCL
%
Second programme - percentage of PAH species at overboard vs. first programme average
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Chrysene
Benz(a)anthracene
Pyrene
Fluoranthene
Anthracene
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Naphthalene
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
48 different crude oils mean mg/kg oil ESSF sampling programme 1
Percentage of PAH in 48 crude oils vs. percentage in overboard samples first programme
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Benzo[g,h,j]perylene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Pyrene
Fluoranthene
Anthracene
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Chrysene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Naphthalene
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
48 different crude oils mean mg/kg oil ESSF sampling programme 2
Percentage of PAH in 48 crude oils vs percentage in overboard samples second programme
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Benzo[g,h,j]perylene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Pyrene
Fluoranthene
Anthracene
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Chrysene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Naphthalene
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
COMPARISON WITH O&G PRODUCED WATERS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Oil installation Gas installation Unspecified installation ESSF samplingprogramme 2
ESSF samplingprogramme 1
µg/
l
PAH concentration in produced water from oil & gas installations vs. scrubber discharges
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Fluorene
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
Oil : pr1 Gas : pr1 Unspec : pr1 Oil : pr2 Gas : pr2 Unspec : pr2
O&
G P
W :
Scru
bb
er d
isch
.
Ratio of PAH in produced water from oil & gas installations to scrubber discharges
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Fluorene
COMPARISON WITH O&G PRODUCED WATERS
Concentration of the 3 most prevalent lighter weight PAH
species in scrubber discharges between 6 and 30 times less
than in produced waters from oil & gas production facilities
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
kg/y
r
Indicator species
Second programme vs. Scottish Environment Protection AgencyPollution Release Inventory (worst case scenarios)
Average (kg/yr)
Maximum (kg/yr)
Emission to WaterReporting Threshold(kg/yr)
Calculated by concentration at flow rate at time of sampling if discharged 24 hours per day 365 days per year
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
BENZO[A]PYRENE
• 4TH EDITION OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION DRINKING WATER GUIDELINES
• BENZO[A]PYRENE GUIDELINE VALUE OF 0.7 ppb
• “GUIDELINE VALUE NORMALLY REPRESENTS THE CONCENTRATION OF A CONSTITUENT THAT
DOES NOT RESULT IN ANY SIGNIFICANT RISK TO HEALTH OVER A LIFETIME OF CONSUMPTION.”
• HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF BENZO[A]PYRENE RECORDED DURING THE SCRUBBER
WATER SAMPLING PROGRAMME TO DATE IS 0.35ppb
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
IN CONCLUSION
• METALS – VERY LOW CONCENTRATIONS
• ALL AVERAGES WELL BELOW THE ILLUSTRATIVE 2010/75/EU LIMITS
• PROGRAMME 2: EVIDENCE OF MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION CONTINUES
• EGCSA STANDARD FOR SAMPLING VALVE LOCATION AND MATERIALS TO BE ESTABLISHED?
• PROGRAMME 2: OTHER THAN MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION VANADIUM MOST
PREVALENT
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
IN CONCLUSION - PAH
• IMO LIMIT OF 50 ppb AT 45m3/MWh NOT EXCEEDED BY ANY VESSEL IN EITHER PROGRAMME TO DATE
• PROGRAMME 2: LIGHTER WEIGHT NAPHTHALENE, PHENANTHRENE, FLUORENE CONTINUE AS MOST
PREVALENT SPECIES (TYPICALLY PETROGENIC ORIGIN)
• PROGRAMME 2: NO SAMPLES WITH SIMILAR PROFILE OF HEAVIER MOLECULAR WEIGHT SPECIES AS SEEN IN
PROGRAMME 1 (TYPICALLY PYROGENIC ORIGIN)
• NAPHTHALENE, PHENANTHRENE, FLUORENE COMPARISON:
• ~ 90% IN 48 CRUDE OILS
• ~ 75% IN PROGRAMME 1
• ~ 90% IN PROGRAMME 2
• ALTHOUGH NOT SEEN IN PROGRAMME 2 TO SAME EXTENT AS PROGRAMME 1: HIGHER PROPORTION OF
PYROGENIC SPECIES NOT UNEXPECTED FOR SAMPLES RELATED TO AN ENGINE EXHAUST (LIKELY TO BE
BOUND TO SOOT RATHER THAN DISSOLVED/DISPERSED)
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
IN CONCLUSION - PAH
• CONCENTRATION OF THE 3 MOST PREVALENT LIGHTER WEIGHT PAH SPECIES IN SCRUBBER
DISCHARGES BETWEEN 6 AND 30 TIMES LESS THAN IN PRODUCED WATERS FROM OIL &
GAS PRODUCTION FACILITIES
• WORST CASE SCENARIO FOR ANNUAL DISCHARGE QUANTITIES OF 4 HEAVIER MOLECULAR
WEIGHT INDICATOR SPECIES WELL BELOW ILLUSTRATIVE SEPA LIMITS
• HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF BENZO[A]PYRENE RECORDED HALF THAT OF WHO
DRINKING WATER GUIDELINES LIMITS
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
Q&A WASH WATER SAMPLING PROGRAMME 2
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
REFERENCES
• BURGESS, R.M., AHRENS, M.J. & HICKEY, C.W. (2003). GEOCHEMISTRY OF PAHS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS: SOURCE, PERSISTENCE
AND DISTRIBUTION. IN: DOUBEN, P.E.T. ED. PAHS: AN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE. CHICHESTER: WILEY, PP.39-45.
• GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING-WATER QUALITY. 4TH ED. (2011). SWITZERLAND: WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. AVAILABLE AT:
HTTP://WWW.WHO.INT/WATER_SANITATION_HEALTH/PUBLICATIONS/2011/DWQ_GUIDELINES/EN/
• HATZIANESTIS, I. & SKLIVAGOU, E. (2002). DISSOLVED AND SUSPENDED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) IN THE NORTH
AEGEAN SEA. MEDITERRANEAN MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 3/1, 2002, PP. 89-98.
• HUFNAGL, M., LIEBEZEIT, G. & BEHRENDS, B. (2005). EFFECTS OF SEA WATER SCRUBBING FINAL REPORT. SUNBURY: BP MARINE.
• NAGDAL, N. (1993). AMBIENT WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) [ONLINE]. PROVINCE OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, LANDS AND PARKS. AVAILABLE AT:
HTTP://WWW.ENV.GOV.BC.CA/WAT/WQ/BCGUIDELINES/PAHS/
• PAMPANIN, D.M. & SYDNES, M.O. (2013) POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS A CONSTITUENT OF PETROLEUM: PRESENCE AND
INFLUENCE IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT. IN: KUTCHEROV, V. ED. HYDROCARBON. INTECH, DOI: 10.5772/48176. AVAILABLE AT:
HTTP://WWW.INTECHOPEN.COM/BOOKS/HYDROCARBON/POLYCYCLIC-AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS-A-CONSTITUENT-OF-
PETROLEUM-PRESENCE-AND-INFLUENCE-IN-THE-AQUATIC-EN
• POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) (FOUR INDICATOR COMPOUNDS OF LRTAP) [ONLINE]. (UNDATED). SCOTTISH
POLLUTION RELEASE INVENTORY: SCOTTISH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGENCY. AVAILABLE AT:
HTTP://APPS.SEPA.ORG.UK/SPRIPA/PAGES/SUBSTANCEINFORMATION.ASPX?PID=128
EGCSA Workshop London 30 Nov. 16 – 01 Dec 16
MARK WEST
MARK WEST IS A SELF-EMPLOYED CONSULTANT AND PROJECT MANAGER WITH OVER 30 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN
THE MARINE INDUSTRY; MUCH OF HIS WORK OVER THE LAST 12 YEARS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH MARPOL
ANNEX VI AND TRIALS OF EQUIPMENT FOR THE CONTROL AND MONITORING OF EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM
SHIPS.
HE WAS BP’S REPRESENTATIVE ON TRIALS OF TWO LARGE SEAWATER SCRUBBER SYSTEMS ON PASSENGER
VESSELS, INCLUDING THE FERRY PRIDE OF KENT FROM 2003 AND AN INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVE ON THE IMO
DRAFTING GROUPS FOR THE FIRST ITERATION OF THE EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEM GUIDELINES. HE HAS
WRITTEN AND EDITED THE EGCSA GUIDE TO EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS AND CO-AUTHORED A SNAME
PAPER ON SOX EMISSIONS. MARK HAS PRESENTED AT EGCSA TRAINING COURSES AND WAS A SPEAKER AND
TECHNOLOGY PANEL HOST AT THE SIBCON 2014 SESSION ON SCRUBBERS.
BEFORE STARTING HIS OWN BUSINESS IN 2003, MARK HELD VARIOUS TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT ROLES IN
CASTROL MARINE LUBRICANTS AND WAS A SEAGOING ENGINEER FOR 11 YEARS. HE HAS A UK CLASS 1
CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCY - CHIEF MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER.
CONTACT: [email protected]