WARM-UP!

• WHICH ONE IS SOLUTE AND WHICH ONE IS SOLVENT IN THE FOLLOWING?

1. KOOL-AID & WATER

2. COFFEE & CREAMER

3. JELLO MIX & WATER

SOLUBILITY

HOW MUCH COFFEE CAN DISSOLVE

IN WATER?

SOLUTION FORMATION

*WATCH A VIDEO*

• SINCE MOLECULES ARE MOVING RANDOMLY, A SOLUTION WILL FORM BY ITSELF IF THE SOLUTE IS SOLUBLE

• WHAT CAN WE DO TO MAKE A SOLUTE DISSOLVE FASTER?

1. AGITATE (STIR) THE SOLUTION

2. INCREASE TEMPERATURE

3. DECREASE PARTICLE SIZE (INCREASE SURFACE AREA)

SOLUBILITY

• WHEN YOU ADD A SOLUTE TO A SOLVENT, YOU EVENTUALLY REACH A POINT WHERE NO MORE SOLUTE CAN DISSOLVE.

• THE AMOUNT THAT DISSOLVES IN 100 G OF WATER IS CALLED “SOLUBILITY”

• UNIT: G OF SOLUTE/100 G (ML) OF WATER

SATURATED SOLUTION

• SATURATED SOLUTION: WHEN THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SOLUTE IS DISSOLVED

• UNSATURATED SOLUTION: WHEN LESS THAN THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SOLUTE IS DISSOLVED

• SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION: WHEN MORE THAN THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SOLUTE IS DISSOLVED (USED IN MAKING ROCK CANDIES)

SOLUBILITY & TEMPERATURE

• AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES, THE KINETIC ENERGY OF PARTICLES INCREASE (PARTICLES MOVE FASTER)

MORE COLLISIONS BETWEEN SOLUTE AND SOLVENT PARTICLES

THE HIGHER TEMPERATURE, THE MORE SOLUBLE

• BUT GASES ARE LESS SOLUBLE AT HIGHER TEMPERATURE

THE HIGHER KINETIC ENERGY OF GAS PARTICLES ALLOWS THEM TO ESCAPE FROM A SOLUTION (FLAT SODA ON A HOT DAY)

SOLUBILITY GRAPH