Warm Up Describe what a mineral is.. inorganic Naturally occurring solid Crystal structure definite...
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![Page 1: Warm Up Describe what a mineral is.. inorganic Naturally occurring solid Crystal structure definite chemical make-up Video clip “What is a mineral?’](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e555503460f94b4cc51/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Warm Up
• Describe what a mineral is.
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![Page 3: Warm Up Describe what a mineral is.. inorganic Naturally occurring solid Crystal structure definite chemical make-up Video clip “What is a mineral?’](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e555503460f94b4cc51/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
inorganicNaturally occurrin
g
solidCrystal structure
definite chemical make-up
Video clip “What is a mineral?’
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Minerals are
1. Naturally Occurring – to be a mineral, it must occur naturally
2. Inorganic – does not arise from materials that were once part of living things
3. Solid – a mineral is always solid with a definite volume and shape
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Minerals are
4. Crystal structure – a pattern that repeats over and over with faces that meet at sharp edges and corners
5. Definite Chemical Composition – contains certain elements in definite proportions
a. Element – a substance composed of a single kind of atom
b. Compound – two or more elements chemically combined
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gold
water
coal
rubies
petroleum
diamonds
Here is a hard one – What about ice?
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Minerals are identified by their
1. Hardness – a mineral can scratch any mineral softer than itself but will be scratched by a mineral harder than itself
a. Mohs Hardness Scale – ranks minerals from softest to hardest on a scale of one to ten. Talc is the softest known mineral, and diamond is the hardest known mineral.
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Warm Up
• Is glass a mineral? Why or why not?
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![Page 10: Warm Up Describe what a mineral is.. inorganic Naturally occurring solid Crystal structure definite chemical make-up Video clip “What is a mineral?’](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e555503460f94b4cc51/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Minerals are identified by their
2. Color – some minerals are always the same color (malachite is always green and azurite is always blue); most minerals come in a variety of colors
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http://www.minresco.com
http://www.gems-afghan.com
http://www.globalcrystals.com
http://www.prettyrock.com
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Minerals are identified by their
3. Streak – the color of a mineral’s powder; the color of a mineral’s streak does not change like the color of the mineral may
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http://www.uky.edu/KGS
Streak is the color of a mineral powder. Many minerals appear a different color when powdered than they do as a big piece. The color may be entirely different, or it may be a different shade.
http://cmsc.minotstateu.edu
http://cmsc.minotstateu.edu
![Page 14: Warm Up Describe what a mineral is.. inorganic Naturally occurring solid Crystal structure definite chemical make-up Video clip “What is a mineral?’](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e555503460f94b4cc51/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Minerals are identified by their
4. Luster – how a mineral reflects light from its surface; some ways to describe luster are shiny, earthy, metallic, waxy, and pearly
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Copyright © Dr. Richard Busch
Courtesy United States Geological Survey Courtesy United States Geological Survey
Each reflects light differently – that is luster!
Which of these words would you use to describe these minerals?Glassy, metallic, dull, silky, waxy, pearly
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Waxy luster
Glassy luster
dull luster
metallic luster metallic luster
Glassy luster
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Minerals are identified by their
5. Density – all minerals have a characteristic density; no matter the size of the sample, its density will remain the same
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How tightly packed the atoms are will make something heavy.
Every mineral has its own density.
These two items may have the same size – but do not weigh the same.
Why?? Because the brick has atoms that are more tightly packed together than the styrofoam.
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This means for equal size, they have their own special weight.
http://www.palagems.com
Which one is worth more?
How could you tell?
The first one is topaz (worth a lot) and the second is citrine quartz (not worth a lot).
A scientist would measure their densities and they would be different!
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Copyright © Dr. Richard Busch
http://www.wired-artist-jewelry.comhttp://webphysics.davidson.edu
http://www.fabreminerals.com
http://www.fabreminerals.com
Crystal video clip
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Minerals are identified by their
6. Crystal System – the crystal structures are divided into six groups
a. Cubic
b. Hexagonal
c. Tetragonal
d. Orthorhombic
e. Monoclinic
f. Triclinic
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Cleavage means it breaks the same way every time.
Fracture means it breaks in a random pattern that cannot be predicted.
www.mrsciguy.com
Calcite and halite break a special way.
donsmaps.com www.visionlearning.com
Quartz and chert break in a random pattern. There is not way to predict how they break.
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Minerals are identified by their
7. Cleavage and fracture – the way a mineral breaks apart helps us identify it
a. Cleavage – splits apart along flat surface
b. Fracture – breaks apart in an irregular way
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Minerals are identified by their
8. Special Properties – some minerals are identified by their special properties
a. Fluorescence – minerals that glow under ultraviolet light
b. Magnetismc. Radioactived. Chemically Reactivee. Electrical Properties
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Special Properties
MagnetismRadioactivity Chemical Reaction
Fluorescence
Salty TasteBut NEVER taste things in the lab! Double Image
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Can you name some we just discussed?
Click here for a review of properties of minerals video clip