Warm Up 5/2

What problems do you think African-Americans faced while fighting for their

rights during the Progressive Era? What problems do you think women faced?

Special Note: consider this as we move fwd into the last few

Progressive issues

Note: Throughout this unit we have talked about many different reforms. The majority of these reforms have

focused on mainly helping solve the problems of urban residents (right to vote, working conditions, child labor,

16th Amendment, living conditions, etc.), although many Americans were

affected as well

Women’s Movement

Women’s rights Suffrage (voting) Owning Property Divorce Clothing Birth Control

Who are suffragists?

Suffragists are people who fight for the right to vote

Women were sometimes known as suffragettes

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) created

Women’s Reform Leaders

Susan B Anthony – activist who worked towards gaining suffrage for women Created National

American Woman

Suffrage Association

(NAWSA)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

First president of a new women’s rights organization - National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

• Part of the early Women’s Rights Movement.

• Born 1815Died 1902

Women’s Reform Leaders Alice Paul – radical activist who worked

towards gaining suffrage for women. Part of “new generation.”

Leads to the passageof the 19th Amendment(1920)

19th Amendment

1920: the 19th Amendment is ratified Granted women the right to vote Approved by Pres. Wilson

Corset Stays Made of Whale Bone

Remember “The 1900 House”!

Why did the mother call the doctor? She was having shortness of breath

due to the tightness of her corset!

Fashion Changes

Margaret Sanger

Activist for more available birth control Went into tenements & witnessed

problems with large families living in poverty

Wanted women to have more control over economic & physical being

(Early) African American Civil Rights

African Americans were still fighting for basic rights guaranteed to them in the Constitution

Goals for Civil Rights

Ensure equal rights Fight segregation Passage of anti-lynching laws

Reminder of the Problems African Americans Faced

Voter Restrictions Poll Tax – Pay a fee to vote Literacy Test – prove you could read &

write to vote Grandfather Clause – exempts a group

of people from obeying a law provided they met certain conditions before law was passed

Reminder of the Problems African Americans Faced

Jim Crow Laws – System of laws that segregated public services by race

Additional Problems Faced byAfrican Americans

Lynching – mob’s illegal seizure & execution of a person, usually by hanging

Reminder of the Problems African Americans Faced

Plessy v. Ferguson – “Separate but Equal” (1896) Supreme Court ruled

against Homer Plessy saying segregation was legal as long as separate facilities were equal

African American Leaders

Who are they? What are their philosophies?

African American Leaders

Booker T. Washington – encouraged African Americans to become educated & learn a trade

Est. Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

Wanted to work slowly and diligently towards rights – nothing radical

African American Leaders

W.E.B. DuBois – encouraged Top 10% of African Americans to attend college & become leaders

Was more aggressive than Washington in his reform work

One of the founders of the N.A.A.C.P.

African American Leaders

NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Worked through courts to gain

equal rights for African Am.

Working Conditions

Changes Wanted

Fewer Hours Higher Wages

Safer Factories Unions

Regarding Child Labor

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

National Child Labor Act

Already discussed in Moral Reforms regarding education.

Mar. 25, 1911

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory operated on the top 3 floors of the 10 story Asche Building in New York City

Notice that the tallest ladders owned by the fire dept. only reach the 6th floor

• In 1911, Unsafe working conditions lead to a deadly fire

Rather than burn alive in the swift moving fire, many women jump from windows

Eight months after the fire, a jury acquitted the factory owners, of any wrong doing.

Twenty-three individual civil suits were brought against the owners of the Asch building. On March 11, 1913, three years after the fire, the owners settled. They paid 75 dollars per life lost.

This tragedy led to a push for comprehensive safety and workers compensation laws.

EnvironmentGoal: to preserve

America’s land & nat’l parks

Land Preservationist and Conservationist John Muir (1838-1914),

Sierra Club Founder “Father of Our National

Parks” Inspired T. Roosevelt

programs such as the Antiquities Act (1906)

Environment, cont. National Park Service

Established under Woodrow Wilson’s Presidency in 1916.

Closer

Why is it important for citizens to get involved in social issues? What influence can people have at the local, state, or national level if they take action in something they believe to be a social injustice?