Warm Season Vegetables - uaex.edu · 2016-01-29 · PowerPoint Presentation Author: Tech Support...
Transcript of Warm Season Vegetables - uaex.edu · 2016-01-29 · PowerPoint Presentation Author: Tech Support...
Warm Season Vegetables
Fabaceae - The Bean Family
The Bean Family
• Formerly know as Leguminosae and called legumes
• A large family that ranges from frost tolerant to warm season plants
• Fruit is a single pod with seeds • Large seeds that may have a hard seed coat • Have a symbiotic bacterial association that
fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere
Legume Trivia Other members of the Bean Family
• Kudzu • Mimosa • Alfalfa • Lupines and Blue
Bonnets • Jack Bean • Mesquite
• Indigo • Clover • Kentucky Coffee Tree • Red Bud • Locust • Wisteria
Nitrogen Fixation
• Legumes have a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium sp. bacteria.
• The plant supplies carbohydrates to the bacterium and the bacteria supplies nitrogen to the plant.
• Critical for world wide plant protein production.
Nodules on Root
• Nodulation describes the structure that forms with symbiosis of the bacteria and the roots of the plant.
What Do We Eat? • Phaseolus vulgaris ,
the American beans • snap, pole, runner and
French, pinto and dry beans.
• Phaseolus lunatus Lima bean or Butter Bean
• Archis hypogaea – the Peanut
• Vicia faba - Fava bean • Glycine max-Soy bean • Pisum sativum the
English Pea • Lens culinaris - Lentil • Vigna sp. - So. Pea,
adzuki, mung, asparagus bean
Beans - the Good and the Bad The Bad
• Phytohemaglutins – Prevent blood clotting • Allergic reactions peanuts and fava beans • Don’t eat large quantities of uncooked
beans.
Bean Pods: The Perfect Bean-
19 days from flower to harvest.
Determinate or Indeterminate
Bush Pole
Types of beans
Yard Long
English Peas
Snow Peas
Southern Peas
New Old
Southern Peas –
CRA 14
Seedling Problems
• Acid soil and or low temperatures can cause a chlorosis.
CRA U of AR CES 16
Bean Problems
• A fungal rot on the
pods caused by humid conditions
• Tip rot caused by pods touching the soil
Insect Problems
• Aphids • Bean Beatles • Grasshoppers • Weevils
CRA U of AR CES 18
Insect Problems • The insect thrip
causes foliar damage
Poaceae or Gramineae Grass Family - Corn
Corn
• Cultivated for more than 7000 years
• First grown in southern Mexico
Corn
• Standard Sweet Corn (Su) 2X sweeter than field corn
• Super sweet – Se will last 4 days or
more
• Sugar Enhanced – SU – isolate from the
above, retains sweetness
Corn
• Wind Pollinated • Plant in short rows • Heavy feeder
Corn
Problems
The Family Cucurbitacaea – the Squash/Gourd Family
Cucurbitacaea Family
• Watermelon • Cantaloupe • Winter melons • Cucumbers • Gourds • Pumpkins • Squash • Calabaza
• Armenian melon • Snake cucumber • Lemon cucumber • Vining Okra • Chayote • Bitter Melon • Cucuzzi • Luffa
Cucurbit flowers
Pollinators in Your Garden
CRA U of AR CES 28
Hand pollinating
Growing Cucurbits Cultural Requirements
• Light • Space • Fertility • Water
CRA U of AR CES 30
U of AR CES
Cucurbit Family -- Culture
• Planting -- After Danger of Frost • Spacing -- 12 to 48 “ by 48 to 96” • Hardiness -- Very Tender Annual • Fertility -- Medium to Heavy Feeder
CRA U of AR CES 32
Cucurbit Family -- Fertilization
• Lime Soil pH 6 • Preplant ½ Cup
of 10-20-10 per 10 feet row
• Use Transplant Starter Solution
• Medium to Heavy Feeder
Fruit Growth
• The mature fruit inhibits the growth of the young developing fruit.
Benefit of Mulches
• Mulches are effective for all cucurbits.
• Controls water loss • Controls weeds • Promotes faster growth • Helps to control
diseases
Effect of Mulch and Temperature
Bare Soil Plastic Mulch
A Mature Melon
Melon Fruit
Canteloupe Honeydew
CRA U of AR CES 37
Summer Squash Types
• Scallop or Patty Pan • Cousa • Yellow & Green Zucchini • Yellow crookneck
Summer Squash
Summer Squash -- Culture
• Planting -- After Danger of Frost »Soil Temperature Above 60deg F.
• Spacing -- 24 to36 “ by 48 to 60” • Hardiness -- Very Tender Annual • Fertility -- Medium to Heavy Feeder
CRA U of AR CES 41
Winter Squash Types
• Acorn • Butternut • Buttercup • Hubbard • Spaghetti • Cushaw
Buttercup
Winter Squash butternut Spaghetti
CRA U of AR CES 42
Pumpkins Big and Small
Problems
Squash vine borer
Fruit and Foliar Diseases
CRA U of AR CES 45
Belly Rot of Fruit Anthracnose
Problems
Fruit rot anthracnose
The Solanaceae / Nightshade Family
Eggplant
eggplants
Eggplants
Flea beetle damage
Solanaceae - Peppers
Peppers
Pepper Transplants
Look at the top of the plant.
CRA U of AR CES 55
Support the Plants
CRA U of AR CES 56
Pepper Types • Sweet Peppers • Bell • Pimento • Italian Ramshorn • Banana • Cubanelle
• Hot Peppers • Jalapeno • Ancho Chili • Anaheim • Serrano • Cayenne • Habenero
CRA U of AR CES 57
Malvaceae • Hibiscus • Okra • Cotton
CRA U of AR CES 59
Young Seedling
CRA U of AR CES 60
Flower
CRA U of AR CES 61
Developing Pods
CRA U of AR CES 62
Field Ready to Pick
CRA U of AR CES 63
Grading Okra
Convulvulaceae Morning-glory family
Sweet Potato History
• Native of Brazil • Vegetatively
Propagated
• Shoots (Slips) Growing From a Root
Roots Ready to Dig
Curing and Storing
• 80-85 degrees for 7-10 days with high humidity
• Store in a cool spot – 55-60 degrees