Wannalancit Stairs, Lowell (1830)

Ivan GalkinUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell • Department of PhysicsCenter for Atmospheric Research

Domain Ontology for ESPAS

Acknowledge: GIRO data repositories, RPI BinBrowser, DIDBase SAO Explorer

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Terminology

ONTOLOGY(computer science): a list of domain concepts and their relationships• Domain = Space Physics

Fields, Particles, Waves• Concepts = Space Physics phenomena

Events and data features (characteristics)• Relationships = Generic vs Specific

Waves – Waves.Radio – Waves.Radio.VLF Dictionary-controlled versus free-text

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Definition

ESPAS Ontology is a comprehensive, dictionary-controlled description of all physical observations and … (characteristics and events) that can be retrieved from the ESPAS data resources.

ESPAS Ontology should not contain aspects related to the measurement specifics (e.g., type of instrumentation or measured quantity).

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Acknowlegements

SPASE data model• Ontology of space physics

Shing Fung and Bob Benson (NASA Virtual Wave Observatory)• Ontology of wave domain

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Introduction: Data Analysis Challenges

Executive summary: DATA AVALANCHE• Multi-petabyte raw data capability is NOW• Impossible to download• Even downloaded, no standard tools to

explore data• Even with tools, no time to explore massive

data volumes• Steep learning curves at each step of the

process ANSWER – infrastructure for

dissemination of the expert knowledge derived from raw data

Targeted search by content (phenomena)

1.2 M images at 5 s/image for 20 hr/week = 2 years of life More realistically, 10K images per summer student = 30 student-years

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Introduction: Challenges of Wave Data

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FUV on IMAGE showing brightening of aurora emissions

Hinode telescope showing multiple solar flares

RPI dynamic spectrogram in 3-1000 kHz showing… err… hmm… what the heck is this

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Solar Type IIIRadio BurstSolar Type IIIRadio Burst

KCKC

AKRAKR

MagnetosheathNoiseMagnetosheathNoise

Upper HybridResonance

Upper HybridResonance

Continuum

Radiation

Continuum

Radiation(n+½)

Gyroharmonics(n+½)Gyroharmonics

PHPH PHPH

AKRAKR

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Fundamental gyrofrequencyFundamental gyrofrequency

Upper Hybrid frequencyUpper Hybrid frequency

Plasma frequencyPlasma frequency

AKRAKRW

his

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mis

sions

Whis

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mis

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FAP trace X modeFAP trace X modeFAP trace O modeFAP trace O mode

Direct echoesDirect echoesZ mode cutoffZ mode cutoff

X mode cutoffX mode cutoff

FAP traceZ-mode

FAP traceZ-mode

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BinBrowserOntology ofPhenomena inRPI plasmagrams

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This ontology is a list

Epsilon and Ducted may apply simultaneously

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Adding Relationships to Ontology

Resonance• Resonance.Plasma• Resonance.Unmatch

ed Ducted

• Ducted.Epsilon• Ducted.PolarCap

SolarRadioBurst.TypeIII RadioBurst

• RadioBurst.Solar RadioBurst..Solar.TypeIII

Earth.Plasmashere.Hiss

Radiation.Auroral.Kilometric

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RPI Plasmagrams: RPI Spectrograms:

Parent-child relationship does not work!

Attributes of phenomena are grouped in independent categories

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Early work to introduce relationships

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WRONG APPROACH

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Defining Attributes of Wave Phenomena

AKR• Radio Emission (class)• Auroral (origin)• Kilometric (spectral range)

Plasmaspheric Hiss• Radio Emission (class)• Plasmasphere (observed

region)• Hiss (frequency character)

Solar Radio Burst Type III• Solar (origin)• Radio Emission (class)• Burst (temporal character)• Type III (subclass of bursts)

Plasmagram Epsilon• Traces (class)• Ducted (propagation)• Multi-Hop (qualifier)

Electron Cyclotron Resonance• Resonance (class)• Electron Cyclotron

(propagation mode) Atmospheric

Gravity Wave 13

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Ontology components for ESPAS

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Phenomenon

Name

Description Class

Subclass

QualifierQuantity

Observed Region

Origin

Propagation

Spectral Range

Frequency Character

Temporal-Spatial

Character

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Ontology document is open for editing

15https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AgtjeBUrLLGLdHJ4ckRxZjFsX19raTlfRWxGenRLQnc#gid=0

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Examples: NmF2 Name = NmF2 Description = Peak plasma density of

F2 layer Class = Particle.Charged Subclass = Electron Qualifier = Profile.Altitude, Maximum Quantity = NumberDensity ObservedRegion =

Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.F-region.2

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Examples: foF2 Name = foF2 Description = Critical frequency of F2 layer Class = Wave.Plasma Subclass = Electromagnetic Qualifier = Stimulated, Derived Quantity = Frequency.Cutoff ObservedRegion =

Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.F-region.2 SpectralRange = HF Origin = ActiveInstrument Propagation = Trapped PropagationMode = 0 FrequencyCharacter = Line

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Use of common names

Expert adding the annotation• Looks up common name in the master list• If the name found

Translator uses given common name to retrieve full ontology specification

• If the name is not found Expert specifies all components of ontology and

adds new row to the master list

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Use of common names

User looking for annotations. Two possibilities:• Looks up common name in the master list• Specifies come or all components of the

phenomenon description

Example: look for wideband emissions in magnetosphere• Class = Radio Emission• Frequency Character = Wideband• Observed Region = Earth.Magnetosphere 19