Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between innate and learned behavior. 1.Explain the difference...
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![Page 1: Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between innate and learned behavior. 1.Explain the difference between hibernation and estivation.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062309/5697bff61a28abf838cbe039/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Wake-up 1. Explain the difference between innate and
learned behavior.
1. Explain the difference between hibernation and estivation.
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Ecology Basics – Food Webs and Energy Flow
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What is Ecology?
Study of the interaction
between organisms and
their surrounding
environment.
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Abiotic factorsNon-living components of the environment
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Biotic factorsLiving components of the environment
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Identify 3 Abiotic and Biotic Factors in the Picture Below
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Levels of Organization within the Environment
1. INDIVIDUAL or
SPECIES:One organism
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Levels of Organization within the Environment
2. POPULATION: Group of similar individuals/species
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Levels of Organization within the Environment
3. COMMUNITY: Group of populations living together
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Levels of Organization within the Environment
4. ECOSYSTEM: All the communities (biotic) “living” with the abiotic parts of the environment
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Levels of Organization within the Environment
5. BIOSPHERE: All the ecosystems on
the planet
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Two Laws that Allow Ecosystems to Function: #1
The Flow of Energy; The Sun is the
ULTIMATE source of energy for living
things
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Two Laws that Allow Ecosystems to Function: #2
The Cycling of Nutrients
Nutrients = Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus
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The Flow of Energy within Ecosystems; The sun is the ultimate source of energy
What is meant by energy? How do we get our energy?
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We EAT!!!!!
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What eats what in an ecosystem?
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Organism can feed using two methods: Autotroph/Producer
Organisms make their own food in their cells - automatically
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Energy source for ProducerSun
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Example of Producers: PLANTS
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Bacteria
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Phytoplankton (phyto=light)
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Organism can feed using two methods: Heterotroph/Consumer
Organisms cannot make their own food in their cells – need to eat/consume
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HerbivoreConsumer that
eats ONLY producers
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Carnivore: Consumer that eats ONLY other “meat”; other consumers
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Omnivore: Consumer that eats BOTH producers and consumers
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Scavenger: Consumer that eats the remains of dead/decaying organisms
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Decomposer: Consumer that breaks down the remains of dead/decaying organisms; returns
nutrients to the producers
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Is there a pattern to how organisms consume others?
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Food ChainSet sequence of consumption; one organism
eats another that eats another, etc.
Like a CHAIN!!!
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Each organism in a food chain has a trophic level; A trophic level is a feeding level
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Producer PrimaryConsumer
SecondaryConsumer
TertiaryConsumer
QuaternaryConsumer1st Trophic
Level 2nd TrophicLevel
3rd TrophicLevel
4th TrophicLevel
5th TrophicLevel
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Food WebMade up of many food chains; one organism
can consume MANY different organisms•Like a WEB!!!
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Energy Flow in Ecosystem
Sun is the ultimate energy source in ecosystems
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What happens to the amount of available energy?
Energy decreases as is moves through the ecosystem
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What happens to the amount of available energy?
Only 10% of usable energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next
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What accounts for the decreased amount of energy?
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How much energy is lost?
90% of the energy is lost; only 10% available energy moves to the next trophic level
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Energy Pyramid
Diagram representing
the amount of available energy