Vocabulary

2/27 - autotroph

I can ….

2/27 – describe if a red wolf is a autotroph or heterotroph

How would you know if this is living?

2007-2008

Properties of Life

What characteristics

do living creatures have in common?

VOCABULARYLiving(BIOTIC) - organisms must have all 7 characteristics of life(living and dead).

Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7 characteristics.

Dead – organism once had the 7 characteristics of life but now doesn’t. It is Considered to be LIVING!!!!

ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM

1. Decomposer

2. Autotroph - producer

3. Heterotroph – comsumer(omnivore, herbivore, or carnivore – parasite)???

WHERE DOES A SCAVENGER FIT?

Roles in Ecosystem - YEAST1. Decomposer – break down plant material.

2. Parasite – Infect plants and animals(ringworm).

3. Animal disease

4. Lichens – Mutualistic relationship between a photsynthetic organism and a fungus. Plant makes the energy and fungus breaks down the nutrients in the environment and they share.

All living things share some basic properties.All living things share some basic properties.

Cellular Organization - CELLSCellular Organization - CELLS

Reproduction – ASEXUAL OR SEXUALReproduction – ASEXUAL OR SEXUAL

Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)

Homeostasis – MAINTAIN A BALANCEHomeostasis – MAINTAIN A BALANCE

Heredity - DNAHeredity - DNA

Responds to a stimulusResponds to a stimulus

Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

Adapt Through Evolution - adaptationsAdapt Through Evolution - adaptations

Unicellular OrganismsUnicellular OrganismsEntire organism is made up of one single cellEntire organism is made up of one single cell

Bacteria and protistsBacteria and protists

Smallest unit capable of all life functionsSmallest unit capable of all life functions

Unicellular – one celled

Multi-cellular OrganismsMulti-cellular OrganismsThe organism is made up of many The organism is made up of many cellscells

Cells have specialized functions Cells have specialized functions within the organismwithin the organism

Multi-cellular

In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions(bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf

cells).

Smooth muscleNerve cell Leaf cell Red Blood Cell

Yeast cell

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic – Contains a nuclear membrane around their DNA. All kingdoms except archaebacteria and eubacteria!!!!

• Prokaryotic – No nuclear membrane – all bacteria

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell

Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same typeof the same type

Asexual ReproductionAsexual ReproductionA single parent organism reproducing by itself – A single parent organism reproducing by itself – NO COMBINATION OF SPERM AND EGG!!!!NO COMBINATION OF SPERM AND EGG!!!!

Asexual Reproduction – NO joining of sperm and egg!!!!

Sexual reproduction – combination of sperm and egg

Sexual ReproductionSexual ReproductionTwo different parent organisms contribute genetic Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information information

Involves the combination of male and female sex Involves the combination of male and female sex cellscells

Living organisms need Living organisms need energy to energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and grow, develop, repair damage, and reproducereproduce

Autotrophs(producers) – use the Sun’s energy to make glucose!! Produce their own food! PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis – process where plants convert Sun’s energy and carbon dioxide into glucose

Heterotrophs(consumers) – must consumer food for energy!

TYPES OF CONSUMERS

1. HETEROTROPH – consumer

2. AUTOTROPH – producer

3. DECOMPOSER – breaks down organic material and returns to the earth.

A stable state of conditions in the body that A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for lifeare necessary for life

Body temperatureBody temperature

Blood volumeBlood volume

pH balancepH balance

Water balanceWater balance

Homeostasis• Your body maintains a constant

internal and external physical and chemical conditions. Everything is happy!! Goldilocks – Just Right!!!

Homeostasis

Dogs pant, you run a fever, sweat, or shiver, cell membranes control amount of water and waste in and out of cell, ETC

Genes carry hereditary information

Genes are composed of DNA

Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents

Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

Organisms react to stimuliOrganisms react to stimuli::

LightLight

TemperatureTemperature

OdorOdor

Sound Sound

GravityGravity

HeatHeat

WaterWater

PressurePressure

An example is a plant’s An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing leaves and stems growing toward lighttoward light

ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULI

Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their

environment(shiver when cold, change fur color, bend toward light).

Stimulus – something in organism’s environment that causes a response

Growth means to Growth means to get bigger in sizeget bigger in size

ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP

To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added.

To increase numbers of cells, cell division must occur.

Develop means to change into an adult(mature).

Development involves Development involves a change in the a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of physical form or physiological make-up of an organisman organism

Development - mature

AdaptationAdaptation

A process that A process that enables enables organisms to become better organisms to become better suited to their environmentsuited to their environment

Species obtain adaptations Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great through evolution over great periods of timeperiods of time

ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR

ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT)

Organisms must adapt to their changing environment or become extinct.

Adaptations occur over a very long period of time(millions of years).

Adaptation – Inherited trait that is passed from parent to offspring that helps an organism survive in its environment

An Example of AdaptationAn Example of Adaptation

Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water lossstems to store water and reduce water loss

ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA.

DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins. Proteins build cells.

DNA carries the genetic material from parent to offspring(heredity).

DNA – molecule that stores genetic information