VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF … vignana jyothi institute of engineering & technology department...

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Academic plan : 2016- 2017

Class & Semester : III B.Tech - I Semester

Branch : Civil Engineering

Subject : Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Subject Code : 13CED 016

Number of Weeks : 15

Number of Hours / week : 5

Number of periods planned : 65

Name of the Faculty : B.Narendra Kumar

UNIT – I : INTRODUCTION

SYLLABUS :

Concepts of RC Design – Limit State design, Basic statistical principles,

Characteristic strength, Partial load & safety factors, Representative stress-strain

curves for cold worked deformed bars and mild steel bars, Assumptions in limit

state design, Stress block parameters, IS .456 Codal provisions

Beams Limit state design of Singly reinforced , Doubly reinforced , T and L beam

sections.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES :

After completion of this unit, student will be able to

Identify the various materials used in concrete

List the various grades of concrete

Identify the codal provisions of I.S. 456 – 2000

Describe the salient features of Limit State Method

Draw stress-strain curves for cold worked deformed bars and mild steel

bars.

Analyse and design the singly reinforced beam sections

Analyse and design the doubly reinforced beam sections

Analyse and design the flanged ( T , L ) beam sections

LECTURE PLAN :

Period

Description of topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of Teaching

1 Introduction 1 Black Board & PPT

2 Concepts of RC Design 1 Black Board & PPT

3 Salient features of Limit State Method 1 Black Board & PPT

4 Stress – Strain curves for Steel,

Concrete

1 Black Board & PPT

5 Terminology used in LSM, Stress

block parameters

1 Black Board & PPT

6 Recommendations of I.S. 456 – 2000 1 Black Board & PPT

7,8,9,10&11 Analysis & Design of Singly &

Doubly Reinforced beams

5 Black Board & Video

12,13,14,15 Analysis & Design of T beams

Sections

4 Black Board

& Video

16,17 Analysis & Design of L beams

Sections

2 Black Board

ASSIGNMENT :

1. What are the basic requirements of structural design ?

2. Explain the various stages in the design of an RCC structure

3. Sketch the stress – strain curves of Concrete, Mild steel and Cold worked

deformed bars

4. What are the important codal provisions in I.S. 456 – 2000

5. Design the flexural reinforcement for the rectangular concrete beam of size

250 mm x 400 mm simply supported on two masonry walls 230 mm thick and

6 m apart. The beam has to carry in addition to it’s own weight , a distributed

live load of 10 kN /m , dead load of 5 kN/m and a concentrated dead load of

30 kN placed at the midspan point. Assume that the beam is subjected to

moderate exposure condition. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade

steel.

6. Design a simply supported rectangular beam to carry 30 kN/m super imposed

load over a span of 6 m on 460 mm wide supports. Use M 20 grade concrete

and Fe 415 grade steel. Check the design for all necessary conditions.

7. A hall of internal dimensions 5 m x 15 m has beams spaced at 3 m c/c and a

slab of 120 mm thick. The beams are supported by walls around 300 mm

thick. Design the T – beams completely. Use M 25 grade concrete and Fe

415 grade steel.

8. Design an end L – beam for an office building with slab thickness of 150 mm

monolithic with 230 mm wide beams. The spacing of the beams is 3.65 m c/c.

The effective span of the beam is 10 m. Use M 25 grade concrete and Fe 415

grade steel.

UNIT – II : SHEAR ,TORSION &BOND

SYLLABUS :

Limit state design of beams for shear and torsion, Concept of bond, Anchorage &

Development length, Design examples in simply supported and continuous

beams, Detailing .



Identify the various modes of shear failure

Analyse and design the beams for shear

Calculate the development length and provide the end - anchorages

Analyse and design the beams for torsion

Design the simply supported beams

Design the continuous beams.

LECTURE PLAN :

Period Description of topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of Teaching

18 Shear : Introduction, Modes of

shear failure

1 Black Board & PPT

19,20 Problems on shear 2 Black Board

21 Bond : Introduction, anchorage

&development length


22 Problems on bond 1 Black Board & Video

23 Torsion : Introduction , Types of

torsion

1 Black Board & PPT

24,25 Problems of torsion 2 Black Board & Video

26 Tutorial on Unit - 2 1 Black Board

ASSIGNMENT :

1. Design the reinforcement of a beam 450 mm wide x 650 mm deep subjected

to a bending moment of 120 kN.m , twisting moment of 15 kN.m and a shear

force of 120 kN at ultimate. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel..

2. Determine the shear stress in a 250 mm x 500 mm rectangular section , if the

shear force is 20 kN and torsional moment is 10 kN.m at service loads.

Assume M 20 mix and 0.75 % tension rein. at an effective cover of 50 mm.

3. Determine the maximum shear force for which no shear reinforcement need

be provided for a simply supported beam of rectangular section 230 mm x

300 mm with 3 no’s – 16 mm as tension reinforcement. Use M 20 concrete

and Fe 415 steel.

4. Determine the ultimate shear resistance close to the support of a concrete

section for a simply supported rectangular beam 230 mm x 400 mm with 2

no’s – 16 mm at compression side and 4 no’s – 25 mm as tension steel , out of

which 2 no’s are bent-up bars. Assume f c k = 25 N/mm2 , f y = 415 N/mm

2 for

bent-up bars and f y = 250 N/mm2 for stirrups.

UNIT – III : COLUMNS

SYLLABUS :

Design of axially loaded columns of different cross sections, Design of Columns

under uni-axial bending and bi-axial bending, using SP-16 charts



Distinguish between short and long columns

Analyse and design the columns subjected to only axial loads

Analyse and design the columns subjected to uni-axial bending

Analyse and design the columns subjected to bi-axial bending

Distinguish and design the braced and un-braced columns

LECTURE PLAN :

Period

Description of topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of Teaching

27 Columns : Introduction,

Terminology

1 Black Board & PPT

28,29 Design of columns

subjected to only axial

loads

2 Black Board & PPT


subjected to uni-axial

bending

2 Black Board


subjected to bi-axial

bending

2 Black Board& video


ASSIGNMENT :

1. A R.C.column rectangular in section 230 mm wide and 300 mm deep is

reinforced with 4 bars of 20 mm , one at each corner , with an effective cover

of 50 mm. It is subjected to an ultimate axial load of 340 kN , ultimate

bending moment of M u x = 30 kN.m. about x-axis bisecting the depth and

ultimate moment of M u y = 18 kN.m. about y-axis bisecting the width. Use

M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Check the safety of the column.

2. Design an axially loaded tied column 400 mm x 400 mm pinned at both ends

with an unsupported length of 3 m for carrying a factored load of 2300 kN .

Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.

3. Calculate the ultimate strength in axial compression of a column 400 mm in

diameter and reinforced with 8 no’s -- 20 mm of grade Fe 415 , when the

column is helically reinforced by 8 mm bars at 55 mm pitch. Use M 20 grade

concrete.

UNIT – IV : FOOTINGS

SYLLABUS :

Different types of footings , Design of flat type and sloped type isolated Square ,

Rectangular and Circular footings.


After completion of this unit, student must be able to

Identify various types of footings

Design the isolated flat square footings

Design the isolated flat rectangular footings

Design the isolated flat circular footings

Design the isolated sloped square footings

Design the isolated sloped rectangular footings

Design the isolated sloped circular footings

LECTURE PLAN :

Period Description of topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

35 Footings : introduction , types

, codal provisions

1 Black Board & PPT

36,37 Design of isolated flat square

footings


38,39 Design of isolated flat

rectangular footings


40,41 Design of isolated flat circular

footings


42,43 Design of isolated sloped

square footings


44,45&

46

Design of isolated sloped

rectangular footings


47,48 Design of isolated sloped

circular footings



ASSIGNMENT :

1. Design an isolated footing for a rectangular column 300 mm x 450 mm

carrying an axial load of 1000 kN. The net bearing capacity of the soil is 120

kN/m2. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.

2. Design an isolated circular footing for a square column of 500 mm diameter ,

transmitting a load of 900 kN to a soil having an allowable bearing capacity of

90 kN/m2. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

3. Design an isolated sloped footing for a rectangular column 300 mm x 450 mm

carrying an axial load of 1500 kN. The net bearing capacity of the soil is 150

kN/m2. Use M 25 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.

4. Design an isolated sloped circular footing for a square column of 800 mm

diameter, transmitting a load of 1000 kN to a soil having an allowable bearing

capacity of 120 kN/m2. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel

UNIT –V : SLABS

SYLLABUS :

Design of one-way slabs, Design of Continuous slabs using IS coefficients,

Design of two-way simply supported and restrained slabs.

Limit state design for serviceability for Deflection and Cracking


After completion of this unit, student must be able to

Distinguish between one-way slab and two-way slab

Design the one-way slabs

Design the two-way slabs

Know the significance of limit state of serviceability

Calculate the deflection of beams

Calculate the crack widths in beams

LECTURE PLAN :

Period Description of topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

50 Slabs : Introduction , Types , Codal

provisions

1 Black Board & PPT

51,52 Design of one-way simply supported

slabs

2 Black Board & PPT

53,54 Design of one-way continuous slabs 2 Black Board & Video

55,56 Design of two-way simply supported

slabs

2 Black Board

57,58 Design of two-way restrained slabs 2 Black Board

59 Limit state of deflection : Introduction 1 Black Board & PPT

60,61 Problems on limit state of deflection 4 Black Board

62,63 Limit state of cracking : Introduction 2 Black Board & PPT

64 Problems on limit state of cracking 2 Black Board & PPT


ASSIGNMENT :

1. Design a continuous floor slab for an office building 12 m long and 4 m wide ,

supported on floor beams spaced at 3 m c/c. The live load on the slab is 2.5

kN/m2. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 250 steel.

2. Design a one-way simply supported slab of span 4.5 m to carry a live load of

4 kN/m2 , floor finish of 1 kN/m

2 and partitions 1 kN/m

2. Use M 20 grade

concrete and Tor steel

3. Design a RC slab for a room measuring 5 m x 6 m size. The slab is simply

supported on all the four edges with corners held down and carries a super

imposed live load of 3 kN/m2. Use M 20 mix and Fe 415 steel.

4. A doubly reinforced beam of rectangular section 250mm wide x 550mm

overall depth is reinforced with 4 bars of 20 mm diameter on the tension face

and 2 bars of 16 mm diameter on the compression face. The effective cover is

50 mm. The beam spans over 8 m. Check the deflection control if Fe 415

steel is used.

5. A rectangular beam has width of 250 mm and an effective depth of 700 mm.

The area of tension steel is 4000 mm2 and that of compression steel is 1000 mm

2 .

Check the deflection requirements for the beam, if it is simply supported over a

span of 12 m. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.


(Autonomous)


III B. Tech, Ist Semester (Civil Engineering)

Subject : Irrigation Engineering

Subject Code : 13CED015

Academic Year : 2016 – 17

Number of working days : 90

Number of Hours / week : 4+1

Total number of periods planned: 65

Name of the Faculty Member: Dr. P. N. Singh

Course Objectives:

To define the fundamentals terminologies used in Irrigation Engineering.

To discuss the use of different kinds of Irrigation engineering components and its

design

To apply the Engineering Hydrology knowledge for the design of a irrigation system

To enable the students to design main components of a Irrigation System.

Course Outcomes (COs): Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

CO-1: Identify different components of an irrigation system

CO-2: Describe different Irrigation engineering components and its design

CO-3: Practically apply the Engineering Hydrology knowledge in the design of an

irrigation system.

CO-4: Design main components of an Irrigation system

UNIT : I

Syllabus:

Introduction to Irrigation Engineering

Necessity and importance of irrigation, advantages and ill effects of irrigation, types of

irrigation, methods of application of irrigation water, Indian agricultural soils, methods of

improving soil fertility, preparation of land for irrigation, standards of quality for

irrigation water.

Water Requirements of Crops

Soil-water-plant relationship, vertical distribution of soil moisture, soil moisture

constants, soil moisture tension, consumptive use, estimation of consumptive use, Duty

and delta, factors affecting duty, depth and frequency of Irrigation, irrigation efficiencies.

Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student will be able to:

Explain different aspects of irrigation

Explain various methods of irrigation

Calculate water requirement of crops

Calculate depth and frequency of irrigation, irrigation efficiencies

Lecture Plan

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

1. Necessity and importance of Irrigation,

advantage and ill effects of irrigation

1st & 2

nd hour PPT + Video+

Discussion

2. Types of Irrigation, Methods of application of

Irrigation Water

3rd

& 4th

hour PPT + Video

3. Indian agriculture soils, methods of

improving soil fertility, preparation of land

for irrigation

5th

hour PPT + Discussion

4. Standards for quality for irrigation water 6th

hour PPT

5. Soil-water-plant relationship, vertical

distribution of soil moisture, soil moisture

tension

7th

& 8th

hour PPT, Black board

6. Consumptive use estimation of consumptive

use

9th

hour PPT, black board

7. Duty and Delta, factors affecting duty, depth

and frequency of Irrigation, Irrigation

efficiencies

10th

& 11th


8 Problems on duty, delta , frequency of

irrigation

12th

hour Black board

8. Tutorial 13th

hour Black board

Assignment – 1

1. What is the depth of water available in a soil profile for the following conditions?

Field Capacity of Soil = 30%

Permanent Wilting Point = 12%

Density of soil = 1.25 gm/cc

Effective depth of root zone = 60 cm

2. After how many days you will supply water to soil in order to ensure sufficient

irrigation of the given crop, if FC of the soil = 30%, PWP =12%, density of soil = 1.25

gm/cc, effective depth of root zone = 60 cm and daily consumptive use of water for the

given crop =12.5 mm

3. Compute the depth and frequency of irrigation required for a certain crop if root zone

depth = 100 cm, FC = 22%, wilting point = 12%, Dry unit wt of soil = 14.72 kN/m3,

consumptive use = 25 mm/day, and efficiencies of irrigation = 50%. Assume 50%

depletion of available moisture before application of water at field capacity

4. Work out irrigation efficiency if water conveyance and delivery loss = 40%, deep

percolation and surface runoff in the farm = 30 % and water stored in soil lost by

evaporation = 20%

5. A stream of 125 lit/s was diverted to a canal and 100 lit/s were delivered to the field.

An area of 1.6 ha was irrigated in 8 hours. Effective depth of root zone was 1.7 m. The

runoff loss in the field was 420 cum. The depth of water penetration varied from 1.7 m at

the head end of the field to 1.3 m at the tail end. Available moisture holding capacity of

the soil is 20 cm per meter depth of soil. Determine water conveyance, water application,

water storage and water distribution efficiencies. The irrigation was stareted at moisture

extraction level of 50% of the available moisture.

UNIT : II

Syllabus:

Reservoir Planning

Factors governing selecting site for reservoirs, zones of storage of a reservoir, reservoir

yield, estimation of capacity of reservoir using mass curve. Reservoir sedimentation-

control.

Dams: Gravity Dams

Types of dams, factors affecting selection of type of dam, Forces acting on gravity dam,

causes of failure of a gravity dam, elementary profile and practical profile of a gravity

dam, limiting height of a low gravity dam, stability analysis, drainage galleries. .


Know about reservoir planning

Estimate the capacity of reservoir using mass curve

Explain about reservoir sedimentation control

Explain about types of dams and selection of dam type

Analyze the Forces acting on gravity dam and cause of failure of a gravity dam

Explain about the elementary profile and practical profile of a gravity dam

Perform the stability analysis on a gravity dam

Lecture Plan


1. Factors governing selecting site for

reservoirs, zones of storage of a reservoir,

reservoir yield

14th

hour PPT+Video

2. Estimation of capacity of reservoir using

mass curve, reservoir sedimentation control

15th

& 16th

hour PPT

3. Types of dams, factors affecting selection of

type of dam

17th

hour PPT

4. Forces acting on gravity dam, causes of

failure of a gravity dam

18th

hour PPT+ Black board

5. Elementary profile and practical profile of a

gravity dam, limiting height of a low gravity

dam

19th

, 20th

and

21st hour

PPT, Black board

6. Stability analysis, drainage galleries 22nd

& 23rd


7. Problems on Gravity Dams 24th

& 25th

hour Black board

8 Tutorial 26th

hour Black board

Assignment - 2

1. A reservoir had original storage capacity for 738 ha-m. The drainage area of the

reservoir is 80 sq km from which, annual sediment discharges into the reservoir at the

rate of 0.1153 ha-m per sq km of the drainage area. Assuming the trap efficiency is 80

percent, find the annual loss of the reservoir in per cent per year.

2. A concrete gravity dam has the following data:

Maximum Water level =297.00

Bed Level = 220.00

R.L of top of dam =304.00

The d/s slope of 0.67:1 starts at RL of 295

U/S face is vertical

Consider only weight, water pressure and uplift

Calculate the maximum vertical stresses at the toe and heel of the dam, assuming 100%

uplift pressure at the heel and zero at the toe.

3. Describe the common forces acting on a gravity dam.

4. What are the main causes of failure of a gravity dam ?

5. (a) Discuss with a neat sketch, the various storage zones of the dam reservoir?

(b) What factors you will keep in mind while selecting suitable sites for dam reservoir?

UNIT : III

Syllabus:

Earthen Dams

Types of Earth dams, causes of failure of earth dam, criteria for safe design of earth dam,

seepage through earth dam-graphical method, measures for control of seepage.

Spillways

Types of spillways, design principles of Ogee spillways, types of spillway gates.


Explain about earth dams, causes of failure of earth dams and criterion for safe

design of earth dams

Calculate the seepage of water through earth dam by graphical method, and

explain about measures to control the seepage

Explain about various types of spillways

Design an Ogee spillways

Explain about various types of spillways gates

Lecture Plan


1. Types of Earth Dams, Causes of failure of

earth dams

27th

& 28th

hour

PPT + Video +

Discussion

2. Criterion for safe design of earth dams,

seepage through earth dam-graphical method

29th

& 30th

hour

PPT +Black board

3. Measures for control of seepage 31st & 32

nd

hour

PPT

4. Types of spillways 33rd


5. Design of Ogee spillways 34th


6. Types of spillways gates 35th

t & 36

th

hour

PPT

7 Problem on design of Ogee spillways 37th

hour Black board

7. Tutorial 38th

hour Black board

Assignment – 3

1. Discuss the factors which influence the design of an embankment dam

2. What are the common causes of failure and corresponding safety measures adopted in

an em-bankment dam?

3. Describe different methods of controlling seepage through an embankment dam and its

foundation.

4. A flow net is plotted for a homogenous earthen dam of height 25m and length of

2000m with free board 2 m. The results obtained indicate number of potential drops as 10

and number of flow channels as 4. The dam has a horizontal filter of 30m at the

downstream end and coefficient of permeability of the dam material is 5X10-4

cm/sec.

Calculate the seepage through the dam

5. Determine the effective length and velocity of approach for an Ogee Spillway for

which the design discharge is 8000 cumecs. The height of the spillway crest is kept at RL

204.0 m. The average river bed level at the site is 100 m. The spillway length consists of

6 spans having a clear width of 10 m each. Thickness of each pier may be taken to be 2.5

m. Use Kp =0.01 and Ka = 0.16

UNIT : IV

Syllabus:

Diversion Head works

Types of Diversion head works-diversion and storage head works, weirs and barrages,

layout of diversion head works, components, Causes and failure of hydraulic structures

on permeable foundations, Bligh’s creep theory, Khosla’s theory, determination of uplift

pressure, impervious floors using Bligh’s and Khosla’s theory, exit gradient, functions of

U/s and d/s sheet piles.

Canal Falls

Types of falls and their location, Design Principles of Sarda type fall, trapezoidal notch

fall and straight glacis fall.

Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

Explain about various types of diversion head works

Explain about the difference between weirs and barrages

Carry out a simple layout of diversion head works

Carry out calculation of uplift pressure using Bligh’s theory and Khosla theory

Explain about different types of falls

Carry out about design of Sarda type fall, trapezoidal notch fall, straight glacis fall

Lecture Plan

S. No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

1. Types of Diversion head works-diversion

and storage head works, weirs and barrages,

39th

& 40th

hour PPT+Video

layout of diversion head works,

components,

2. Causes and failure of hydraulic structures

on permeable foundations, Bligh’s creep

theory

41st & 42

nd hour PPT + Discussion

3. Khosla’s theory, determination of uplift

pressure, impervious floors using Bligh’s

and Khosla’s theory,

43rd

& 44th

hour PPT + Black board

4. Exit gradient, functions of U/s and d/s sheet

piles.

45th


5. Types of falls and their location

46th


6. Sarda type fall, trapezoidal notch fall and

straight glacis fall

47th

, 48th

and

49th

hour

PPT,+ Black board

7 Problems on Khosla’s and Bligh’s creep

theory

50th

and 51st

hour

Black board

8 Tutorial 52nd

hour Black board

Assignment - 4

1. The concrete floor of a head regulator is level with the channel bed except for the short

crest hump and is 13 m long. The floor is provided with cutoff walls at U/S and D/S ends.

The depth of U/S cutoff is 1.5 m below the floor level and that of downstream wall is 2.0

m. Using Khosla’s theory; check the floor safety against failure by piping. The U/S FSL

is 1.5 m above the floor level. Assume permissible exit gradient to be 0.18

2. (a) What are the main causes of failure of weirs on permeable foundation, and what

remedies would you suggest to prevent them?

(b) What is meant by piping in a hydraulic structure? What are the precautionary

measures to avoid the ill effects of piping?

3.( a.) Discuss briefly the causes of failure of hydraulic structures founded on permeable

foundations

(b)How does Khosla’s theory differ from Bligh’s creep theory with regard to the

design of weirs on permeable foundation?

4. Design a 1.5 meter Sarada Type Fall for a canal having a discharge of 12 cumecs, with

the following data

U/S Bed Level = 103.0 m

Side slopes of channel = 1:1

D/S Bed Level = 101.5 m

Full Supply Level U/S = 104.5 m

Bed width U/S and D/S = 10 m

5 What is meant by ‘canal falls’? Why are canal drops constructed in a canal system?

UNIT : V

Syllabus:

Irrigation Canals

Classification of canals, Silt Theories –Kennedy’s Theory, design procedure of canals,

Silt supporting capacity, drawbacks, Lacey’s regime theory – design procedure of canals,

comparison of Kennedy’s and Lacey’s regime theory.

Design of Irrigation Canals

Balancing depth of cutting – use of Garret’s diagrams in canal design – use of Lacey’s

diagrams – canal design – water logging and canal lining, Cross drainage works – Types,

selection of suitable types of CD works.


Design canal sections using Kennedy’s and Lacey’s regime theory

Use Garret’s and Lacey’s diagrams in canal design

Explain the concept of water logging and canal lining

Select suitable type of Cross Drainage works

Lecture Plan


1. Classification of canals, Silt Theories –

Kennedy’s Theory, design procedure of

canals, Silt supporting capacity, drawbacks,

use of Garrett’s Diagram

53rd

& 54th


2. Lacey’s regime theory – design procedure

of canals, Use of Lacey’ s diagram,

comparison of Kennedy’s and Lacey’s

regime theory

55th

& 56th


3. Balancing depth of cutting , Water logging 57th

& 58th


4. Canal Lining 59th

& 60th


5. Cross drainage works – Types, selection of

suitable types of CD works.

61st & 62nd

hour PPT, Video

6 Problems on canal design 63rd

and 64th

hour

Black board

7 Tutorial 65th

hour Black board

Assignment - 5

1. Design an irrigation channel with following data

a. Full supply discharge = 10 cumec

b. n = 0.0225

c. C.V.R. (m) = 1

d. B/D ratio = 4

e. Side slope =1:1

2. Design a canal by Lacey’s Theory for 40 cumecs discharge and f =0.93.

3. (a) Draw a typical canal cross section which is partly constructed in cutting and partly

in filling. Discuss briefly its various components, such as: side slopes, berms, banks,

service road, dowla, spoil banks etc

(b) What is meant by balancing depth and how it is determined?

4. Design a concrete lined channel to carry a discharge of 350 cumecs at slope of 1:5000.

Side slope is 1.5: 1, n = 0.014. Assume limiting velocity as 2 m/s

5 What are the different types of cross drainage works that are necessary on a canal

alignment? State briefly the conditions under which each one is used

TEXT BOOKS

1. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures by S.K. Garg (Khanna

Publishers)

2. Irrigation Engineering by K.R. Arora (Standard Publishers)

3. Irrigation Engineering by R.K. Sharma and T.K. Sharma (S.Chand Publishers)

REFERENCES

1. Irrigation and Water Resources Engineering by G.L.Asawa (New Age Publishers)

2. Concrete Dams by Varshney

3. Theory and Design of Hydraulic Structures by Varshney (Gupta & Gupta).


(Autonomous)


III B. Tech, Ist Semester (Civil Engineering)

Subject : Engineering Geology


Academic Year : 2016 – 17

Number of working days : 90

Number of Hours / week : 3 + 1


Name of the Faculty Member: P.Arti Sudam

Course Objectives: Student will be able to

Know geology from Civil Engineering point of view

Understand Mineral and rock properties

Understand the significance of structural geology

Understand the concepts of Geophysical methods


CO-1: Define geology and its importance in Civil Engineering

CO-2: List different properties of Minerals

CO-3: Classify the rocks

CO-4: Acquire the knowledge of structural geology.

UNIT : I

Syllabus:

Introduction: Definition of Geology, Engineering Geology. Importance of Geology

from Civil Engineering point of view. Importance of physical geology, petrology and

structural geology. Case studies of failures of few Civil Engineering constructions.

Weathering of rocks and its effect on the properties of rocks, importance of weathering

with reference to dams, reservoirs and tunnels.


Importance of Engineering Geology for Civil Engineers.

Briefly write historical case studies where civil engineering structures failed due lack

of knowledge during planning and construction.

Briefly write importance of petrology and structural geology for civil engineers.

Write how weathering effects granite which influences performance of dams,

reservoirs and tunnels.

Lecture Plan


1. Introduction, Definition of Geology,

Engineering Geology

1sthour Black board + Video

2. Importance of Geology from Civil

Engineering point of view.

2nd

hour PPT + Video

3. Importance of physical geology, petrology

and structural geology.

3rd

hour Black board

4. Case studies of failures of few Civil

Engineering constructions

4th

hour Black board + Video

5. Weathering of rocks and its effect on the

properties of rocks,

5th

& 6th

hours Black board

6. Importance of weathering with reference to

dams, reservoirs and tunnels.

7th

& 8th

hours Black board + PPT

Assignment – 1

1. Write short notes on

(a) Effect of weathering on physical properties of Rocks.

(b) Importance of weathering with reference to dams, reservoirs and tunnels.

2. Briefly write case histories of some Civil Engineering constructions due to

geological draw backs.

UNIT : II

Syllabus:

Mineralogy: Definition of mineral, mineralogy, Importance of study of minerals: rock

forming and ore is forming minerals. Different methods of study of minerals.Advantages

of study of minerals by physical identification method. Physical properties of minerals

for identification of minerals. Physical properties of following minerals: Feldspar,

Quartz, Flint, Jasper, Olivine, Augite, Hornblende, Muscovite, Biotite, Asbestos,

Chlorite, Kyanite, Garnet, Talc, Calcite. Study of ore forming minerals such as Pyrite,

Hematite, Magnetite, Amethyst, Galena, Pyrolusite, Graphite,Magnesite and Bauxite,

Coral reefs.


Write importance of study of minerals.

Write important physical properties of various rock forming and economically

important minerals.

Lecture Plan


1. Introduction to Mineralogy 9th

hour PPT + Video

2. Definition of mineral, Importance of study of

minerals

10th

hours Black board

3. Different methods of study of minerals 11th


4. Advantages of study of minerals, by physical

properties

12th

hours Black board

5. Role of study of physical properties of

minerals in the identification of minerals

13th

hour Black board

6. Study of physical properties of rock forming

minerals: Feldspar and Quartz.

14th

hour Black board + PPT


minerals: Flint, Jasper, Olivine, Augite.

15th

hour Black board


minerals: Hornblende, Muscovite, Biotite,

Asbestos.

16th



minerals: Chlorite, Kyanite, Garnet, Talc

17th

hour Black board

10. Study of other common economic minerals

such as Calcite, Pyrite, Hematite, Magnetite,

Chlorite.

18th

hour Black board


such as, Magnetite, Chlorite. Galena,.

19th



such as Pyrolusite, Graphite, Magnesite and

Bauxite.

20th


13. Some other minerals study.- Tutorial I

21sthour Black board + PPT

Assignment - 2

1. Write definition of mineral and state importance of study of minerals

2 What is the role of study of physical properties of minerals in the identification of

minerals ?

3. Write the important properties of Pyrite, Hematite, Magnetite, Chrorite, Galena,

Pyrolusite, Graphite, Magnesite and Bauxite

UNIT : III

Syllabus:

Petrology: Definition of rock: petrology. Classification of rocks-Geological

classification of rocks. Rock Cycle. Classification of Igneous Forms, structures and

textures of igneous rocks. Classification of Sedimentary rocks, and its Structures and

textures. Classification metamorphic rocks, its structures and textures.

Megascopic study of Granite, Dolerite, Basalt, Pegmatite, Laterite, Conglomerate,

Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Gneiss, Schist, Quartzite, Marble and Slate.


Write importance of petrology for civil engineers.

Write different types of rocks based on geological formation.

Write distinguishing features of different Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic

rocks.

Lecture Plan


1. Definition of rock: petrology 22nd


2. Classification of rocks-Geological

classification of rocks.

23rd


3. Rock Cycle. Classification of Igneous Forms,

structures and textures of igneous rocks

24th


4. Classification of Sedimentary rocks, and its

Structures and textures

25th

& 26th

hours

Black board + Video

5. Classification metamorphic rocks, its

structures and textures

27th


6. Megascopic study of Granite, Dolerite,

Basalt, Pegmatite, Laterite,

28th

& 29th

hours

Black board

7. Megascopic study of Conglomerate,

Sandstone, Shale, Limestone,

30th

& 31st

hours

PPT + Video

8. Megascopic study of Gneiss,Schist, Quartzite,

Marble and Slate.

32nd

& 33nd

hours

Black board + Video

Assignment – 3


(a) Dykes and sills

(b) Common structures and textures of igneous rocks.

(c) Common structures and textures of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

2. Write megascopic description of Granite, Dolerite, Basalt, Pegmatite, Laterite,

Conglomerate, Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Gneiss, Schist, Quartzite, Marble

and Slate

UNIT : IV

Syllabus:

Structural Geology: Out Crop, Study of geological structures associate with rocks such

as folds, faults, joints, unconformities-their important types. Significance of Strike and

dip in geological structures.

Earthquakes, their causes and effects, shield areas and seismic belts, seismic waves

Richter scale, Precautions to be taken for building construction in seismic areas.

Landslides, their causes and effect, measure to be taken to prevent their occurrence.

Ground Water, water table, common types of ground water,springs, geological controls

of ground water movement, ground water exploration.


Define, outcrop, and dip, strike, folds, faults and folds.

Write important types of joints and faults.

Write important types of soil in India, their origin of occurrence and soil

stabilization methods.

Lecture Plan


1. Structural Geology, Out Crop 34th

hour Video

2. Study of geological structures associate

with rocks such as folds, faults, joints

35th

& 36th

hours Black board + Video

3. Unconformities-their important types 37th

hour Black board

4. Significance of Strike and dip in geological

structures.

38th

& 39th

hours Black board

5. Earthquakes, their causes and effects 40th

hour PPT + Video

6. Shield areas and seismic belts, seismic

waves Richter scale

41st& 42

nd hours Black board

7. Precautions to be taken for building

construction in seismic areas

43th

& 44th

hours

Black board + Video

8. Landslides, their causes and effect, measure

to be taken to prevent their occurrence

45th

hour Black board

9. Ground Water, water table, common types

of ground water, springs, geological

controls of ground water movement, ground

water exploration.

46th

&47th

hours Black board

Assignment - 4


(a) Soil Stabilization

(b) Structural Geology, Outcrop, strike and dip

(c) Occurrence of different types of soils in India.

2. Write different types of faults, folds and joints?

UNIT : V

Syllabus:

Importance of Geophysical Investigations: Principles of geophysical methods.

Importance of Electrical resistivity method and seismic refraction method from civil

engineering point of view.

GEOLOGY OF DAMS AND RESERVOIRS: Types of Dams, importance of geology

in their site selection and geological considerations in the site selection of a dam,

reservoir, tunnels. Histories of dams, geological factors affecting the water tightness and

life of a reservoir. Purpose of tunneling, types of tunnels, outbreak, lining of tunnels.


Explain the significance of geophysical methods

Describe the procedure, merits and demerits of gravity method, magnetic

method, electrical resistivity method, seismic refraction method, radiometric

methods and geothermal methods

Explain the contents of rock mechanics and environmental geology

List the types of dams, their purpose and parts

Note the factors to be considered in selection of site for dam and reservoir

Describe few case studies of failure of dams and reservoirs

Explain the geological reasons of failure of dams and reservoirs and

preventive measures.

Lecture Plan


1. Importance of Geophysical Investigations,

Principles of geophysical methods.

48th


2. Importance of Electrical resistivity method

and seismic refraction method from civil

49th

& 50th

hours Black board

engineering point of view.

3. Geology of dams and reservoirs: types of

dams,

51st & 52

nd hours Video

4. Importance of geology in their site selection

and geological considerations in the site

selection of a dam, reservoir, tunnels.

53rd

&54th

hours Black board

6. Histories of dams, geological factors

affecting the water tightness and life of a

reservoir.

55th


7. Purpose of tunneling, types of tunnels,

outbreak, lining of tunnels

56th


Assignment - 5

1. Write short notes on grouting, design, types of solutions used

2. Describe the following geophysical methods

a) Gravity method

b) Magnetic method

c) Radio metric method

d) Geothermal method

3. Explain the geological factors to be considered for the selection of reservoir site

4. Describe two case studies of failure of reservoir

5. Write a note on the preventive measures for failure of reservoir

6. Describe the following geophysical methods

e) Gravity method

f) Magnetic method

g) Radio metric method

h) Geothermal method

7. Explain the geological factors to be considered for the selection of reservoir site

8. Describe two case studies of failure of reservoir

9. Write a note on the preventive measures for failure of reservoir

TEXT BOOKS

1. Engineering Geology by N.Chennakesavulu,Mc-Millan, India Ltd.

2. Principals of Engineering Geology by K.V.G.K. Gokhale, B.S publications

3. Fundamentals of Engineering Geology by F.G Bell, Butterworth’s publications,New

Delhi.

REFERENCES

1. Engineering Geology by Parbin Singh.

2. Engineering Geology by Venkat Reddy.

3. Engineering Geology :Rock in Engineering construction by Richard E.Goodman.



III B. Tech (Civil Engineering), I – Semester

Subject : Geotechnical Engineering-I

Subject Code : 13 CED018

Academic Year : 2016- –2017

Number of Working days : 90

Number of Hours / week : 4


Name of the Faculty Member : K. Suresh.

Course Objectives

To create an ability to apply knowledge of geotechnical engineering

To accentuate the understanding of the basic principles of soil mechanics and its

applications to solve problems related to geotechnical engineering.

To improve the basic understanding of the index and engineering properties of

soil

To improve the concepts to understanding the hydraulic behavior of the soil


CO-1 An ability to identify, formulate and solve geotechnical engineering

problems.

CO-2 Improvising techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for

understanding in geotechnical engineering practice.

CO-3 complete awareness of the classical concept of soil mechanics and its

necessity.

CO-4 An awareness of the selection of soil based on the applicability and

requirement conditions.

Syllabus:

Unit - I

Properties of Soil

Historical development – Physical properties of Soil – Void ratio – Porosity, Degree of

Saturation, Water content, Unit Weights, Specific Gravity – their relationships, Relative

density. Consistency limits – determination and various indices – plasticity index

Liquidity index – Significance and Importance, Activity. Classifications : Mechanical

analysis – Sieve analysis, stoke’s law, hydrometer Analysis Textural Classification,

Structural Classification based on size – unified soil classification and modification by

Bureau of Indian Standard. Basics of clay minerals mineralogy


Learning Objectives

After completion of unit students should be able to:

Explain the formation of soil and different types of soils on the earth.

Define various terms as Void ratio. Porosity, degree of saturation, water content,

densities, unit weights, specific gravity and their inter-relationships.

Description of soil structure

List the different clay minerals, their composition and the engineering behavior of

these minerals on soil properties

Importance of Physical and engineering properties of soils

Describe the methods of determining following index properties

o Water content

o Specific gravity

o Particle size distribution – wet and dry methods

o Consistency limits – Liquid, plastic and shrinkage limits

Explain the significance of classification of soil and describes the following

methods of classification

o Particle size classification

o Textural classification

o AASHTO classification

o Unified classification

o Indian standard classification

Lecture Plan

Sl.no: Name of the topic No. of Hours Method of teaching

1. Introduction of Geotechnical

Engineering and its historical

development.

1st hour Black board teaching

2. Void ratio, Porosity, Degree of

saturation, water content,

2nd

hour Black board teaching

3. Definitions – Unit Weights,

Specific Gravity – their relationships

3rd


4. Relative density 4th


5. Problems 5th


6. Consistency limits. 6th

hour PPT and Black board

teaching

7. Determination and various indices 7th


8. plasticity index Liquidity index 8th


9. Stoke’s law and Sieve Analysis 9th

Hour Black board teaching

10. Hydrometer Method, Particle size

distribution curve, cu, cc

10th

Hour PPT+Black board

teaching

11. Textural classification 11th


12. Structural classification based on

size.

12th


13. Unified soil classification. 13th

hour PPT and Black board

teaching

14. Clay minerals mineralogy 14th


Tutorial problems & questions

1. A soil sample has a bulk unit weight of 21.5kN/cu.m and degree of saturation is 85%.

Determine the void ratio, porosity and water content if the specific gravity of solids is

2.67

2. A saturated soil mass has a porosity of 40% and specific gravity of 2.65. Determine i)

water content ii) Dry density iii) Saturated unit weight

3. A saturated sample of soil has a water content of 30%. Assuming G=2.70, calculate

dry unit weight, saturated density and submerged unit weight.

4. The maximum and minimum dry unit weights of sand, determined in the laboratory,

are 2g/cc (20kN/m3) and 1.5g/cc (15kN/m

3) respectively. If the relative density of sand is

74%, determine the insitu porosity of sand deposit. Assume G=2.6

Assignment- 1

1. In a three phase soil system, derive the relationship between the degree of saturation Sr,

mass unit weight γ, water content w, specific gravity of soil grains G and unit weight of

water γw

2. Explain the terms: Void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, air content, and

percentage of air voids

3. Soil A has kaolonite mineral as its major constituent. Soil B has montmorillonite as its

major constituent which soil is likely to have higher liquid limit. Which soil is likely to

shrink more?

4. Explain the significance and development of electrical double layer around a clay

particle.

5. How clay minerals are formed? Indicate their structure and properties. Explain relative

density and thxiotropy

6. Define soil texture and soil structure. What are the various terms used to describe the

above properties of the soil?

UNIT - II Permeability and Seepage

Soil water-types, Darcy’s law-Factors affecting permeability, Determination of

permeability by constant head and falling head method as per IS – 2720, field test as per

IS – 5529 (part I)- pumping in test and pumping out test. Permeability of layered soils

Seepage forces, General flow equation (Laplace equation). Flow net construction and

applications, anisotropic soil conditions, quick sand condition. Uplift pressure, exit

gradient, failure due to piping, Criteria for design of filters.

Learning Objectives


Explain different types of soil water

Define capillarity and derivation of expression for capillary rise

State the terminology related to capillarity and factors affecting it.

Explain Darcy’s law and its validity

Definition of coefficient of permeability and factors effecting it

Laboratory and field determination of coefficient of permeability

Explain Confined and Unconfined aquifers, discharge calculation etc.

Lecture Plan

Sl.no: Name of the topic No of Hours Method of teaching

15. Darcy’s law-Factors affecting

permeability

15th

hour Black board

teaching and PPT

16. Determination of permeability 16th

hour Black board

teaching and PPT

17. Permeability by constant head and

falling head method.

17th

hour PPT and Black

board teaching

18. Pumping in test and pumping out

test.

18th

hour Black board

teaching

19. Permeability of layered soils

Seepage forces

19th

hour Black board

teaching

20. General flow equation 20th

hour Black board

teaching

21. Flow net construction and

applications

21st hour Black board

teaching and PPT

22. Anisotropic soil conditions, quick

sand condition

22nd

hour Black board

teaching

23. Uplift pressure, exit gradient, failure 23rd

hour PPT and Black

due to piping. board teaching

24. Criteria for design of filters. 24th

hour Black board

teaching


1. What are the different types of soil water? Discuss

2. The following data pertains to the coefficients of permeability of a stratified soil

deposit.

Soil K (mm/sec) Thickness of stratum (m)

A 0.87 x 10-3

3.20

B 1.8 x 10-4

3.95

C 3.5 x 10-5

4.86

Determine the ratio of coefficients of horizontal permeability to the vertical permeability

3. For what type of soil do you prefer the falling head test and variable head test? Why

Assignment-2

1. Define Darcy’s law. If K1, K2, K3 are the permeabilities of layers h1, h2, and h3

thick, derive the formulae to find equivalent permeability in the horizontal and vertical

directions.

2. Explain the double packer method for determining permeability of field soils. Explain

the method of determining the coefficient of permeability of soil from the field pumping

out test.

3. In a falling head test the following results were obtained:

Length of specimen = 350mm

Diameter of stand pipe = 20mm

Diameter of sample = 100mm

Head at starting of test = 1200mm

Time elapsed = 345 sec

Coefficient of permeability = 0.03mm/sec

Find the height at which the test is terminated.

4. Mention the two laboratory methods for determining the coefficient of permeability

5. Write short notes on factors permeability

UNIT – III Compaction:

Compaction-Factors affecting compaction. Dry density and moisture content relationship.

Zero air voids line. Engineering behavior of compacted soils. Standard Proctor test and

Modified Proctor test as per IS – 2720. Field compaction equipment, Field control of

compaction.

Consolidation: primary compression and secondary compression determination of

preconsolidation pressure. Normally consolidated, over consolidated and under

consolidated clays. Oedometer Test, e-p and e-log p curves – compression index,

coefficient of compressibility and coefficient of volume decrease. Terzaghi’s one

dimensional consolidation theory assumption, derivation and application, coefficient of

consolidation time curve fitting methods, initial compression.

Learning Objectives


Define compaction and the two laboratory test to determine the maximum dry

density and optimum moisture content

Explain the factors affecting compaction and types of compaction adopted in field

Describe Proctor needle

Explain the procedure to maintain control on compaction

Describe the phenomenon of consolidation and how it varies from compaction

Explain the different terms related to consolidation

State the laboratory procedure for determination coefficient of consolidation and

compression index

Describe the procedure for calculation of magnitude of settlement and time rate of

consolidation

Lecture Plan

Sl.no: Name of the topic No of hours Method of teaching

25. Compaction-Factors affecting

compaction

25th

hour Black board

teaching

26 Dry density and moisture content

relationship

26th

hour Black board

teaching

27. Zero air voids line. 27th

hour Black board

teaching

28. Engineering behavior of compacted

soils

28th

hour Black board

teaching

29. Standard Proctor test and Modified

Proctor test as per IS-2720

29th

hour PPT and Black

board teaching

30. Field compaction equipment, Field

control of compaction

30th

hour Black board

teaching

31. Problems 31st hour Black board

teaching

32. Problems 32nd

hour Black board

teaching

33. primary compression and secondary 33rd

hour Black board

compression determination of pre

consolidation Pressure.

teaching

34. Normally consolidated, over

consolidated and under consolidated

clays

34th

hour Black board

teaching

35. Oedometer Test 35th

hour PPT and Black

board teaching

36. e-p and e-log p curves 36th

hour Black board

teaching

37. compression index, coefficient of

compressibility and coefficient of

volume decrease

37th

hour Black board

teaching

38. Terzaghi’s one dimensional

consolidation theory assumption

38th

hour Black board

teaching

39. Terzaghi’s one dimensional

Derivation and application

39th

hour Black board

teaching

40. coefficient of consolidation 40th

hour Black board

teaching

41. Time curve fitting methods, initial

compression


teaching

42. Problems. 42nd

hour Black board

teaching


1. Proctor compaction test was conducted on a soil sample, and the following

observations were made:

Water content, % 8.1 12.2 15.3 18.4 20.5 22.1

Weight of soil

sample, kg

1.7 1.89 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.92

If the volume of the mould used was 950 c.c and the specific gravity of soil was 2.65,

make necessary calculations and draw i) compaction curve ii) 80% saturation line

2. An earth embankment is to be compacted to a density of 20kN/m3 at a moisture

content of 15%. The insitu density and water content of the borrow pit are 19kN/m3 and

8% respectively. How much excavation should be carried out from the borrow pit for

each m of the embankment?

3. Derive the expression for zero air void line and draw the line for a specific gravity of

2.67

4. The water table in a lake has been lowered by 22m below the bed, will this cause a

settlement of a clay layer 6m thick, lying 28m below the bed level? Explain.

5. An oedometer test is performed on a 2cm thick clay sample. After 5mintes, 50%

consolidation is reached. After how long a time would the same degree of consolidation

be achieved in the field where the layer have the same drainage conditions (double

drainage).

6. Distinguish between the normally consolidated and over consolidated soils.

7. Explain in detail the two methods for determining the coefficient of consolidation of

soil.

8. The void ratio of clay is 1.64, and its compression index is found to be 0.8 at a pressure

of 190 kN/m2. What will the void ratio if the pressure in increased to 250 kN/m

2

Assignment-3

1. Explain the factors effecting compaction.

2. Differentiate between i) standard Proctor compaction test ii) Modified Proctor test

Draw an ideal ‘compaction curve’ and discuss the effect of moisture content on the dry

density

3. What is the effect of compaction on engineering properties of soil?

4. What are the types of rollers used for compacting different types of soils in the field?

Write a note on “Proctor’s needle”

5. Define: (i) Compression index (ii) Coefficient of volume decrease (iii) Coefficient of

consolidation (iv) percent consolidation

6. Obtain the differential equation defining the one dimensional consolidation as given by

Terzaghi.

7. Explain the difference between compaction and consolidation.

8. A normally consolidated clay layer of 10m thickness has a unit weight of 20 kN/m3

and specific gravity

2.72. The liquid limit of the clay is 58%. A structure is constructed on this clay increase

the overburden by 10%. Estimate the ultimate consolidation settlement. There is no

secondary compression.

UNIT - IV Stress Distribution in Soils Effective stress concept, Nature of effective stresses, Effect of water table fluctuations on

effective stress, Effective stress in a soil mass under hydro static condition, capillarity

effect on effective stress. Effective stress under steady seepage condition, failure of

structures by piping. Boussinesq theory- point load, line load, strip load, circular and

rectangular loaded areas. Pressure distribution diagram on a horizontal and vertical plane,

pressure bulb, Westergaard's theory, equivalent point load method, Newmark chart,

Fadum chart, contact pressure, approximate stress distribution method.

Learning Objectives


Derive expression for the vertical stress at various points below the ground

surface due following types of foundation loads

o Concentrated load

o Line load

o Strip load

o Rectangular and

o Circular load

Explain the procedure for calculation of vertical stress due to any load by

Neumark’s Influence chart

State the Westergaard’s theory for calculation of stresses


43. Effective stress concept 43rd

hour Black board

teaching

44. Nature of effective stresses, Effect

of water table fluctuations on

effective stress

44th

hour Black board

teaching

45. Effective stress in a soil mass under

hydro static condition

45th

hour Black board

teaching

46. capillarity effect on effective stress 46th

hour Black board

teaching

47. Effective stress under steady

seepage condition

47th

hour Black board

teaching

48. failure of structures by piping 48th

hour Black board

teaching

49. Boussinesq theory- point load. 49th

hour Black board

teaching

50. Line load, strip load, circular and

rectangular loaded areas

50th

hour Black board

teaching and PPT

51. pressure distribution diagram on a

horizontal and vertical plane


teaching

52. pressure bulb, Westergaard's theory,

equivalent point load method,

52nd

hour Black board

teaching

53. Newmark chart, Fadum chart 53rd

hour Black board

teaching

54. contact pressure, approximate stress

distribution method.

54th

hour Black board

teaching

55. Problems. 55th

hour Black board

teaching

UNIT - V Shear Strength of Soil

Stress strain curve, stress at a point-Mohr circle of stress, Mohr-coulomb failure

criteria, pore pressure, total and effective stress. Peak and residual shear strength.

Factors affecting shear strength. Laboratory measurement of shear strength by direct,

unconfined, Vane shear test and triaxial tests under different drainage conditions.

Shear strength characteristics of sands. Sensitivity and thixotropy of cohesive soils.

Shear strength of sands, critical void ratio and dilatancy, shear strength of clays, total

stress analysis and effective stress analysis,

Learning Objectives:


Define total stress, pore water pressure and effective stress, explain the effect of

Capillarity, Steady seepage and Hydro dynamic conditions

Explain Laplace Theory and Describe the methods of plotting flow net

State the theory and uses of flow nets

Calculate the quantity of discharge, loss of head etc. due to seepage of water.

Design the graded filter


56. Stress strain curve, stress at a point-

Mohr circle of stress, Mohr-coulomb

failure criteria

56th

hour Black board

teaching

57. Total and effective stress. Peak and

residual shear strength

57th

hour Black board

teaching

58. Laboratory measurement of shear

strength by direct, unconfined, Vane

shear test

58th

hour Black board

teaching

59. Triaxial tests under different

drainage conditions.

59th

hour Black board

teaching

60. Shear strength characteristics of

sands. Sensitivity

60th

hour Black board

teaching

61. Thixotropy of cohesive soils. Shear

strength of sands Critical void ratio

and dilatancy, shear strength of

clays, total stress analysis and

effective stress Analysis,


teaching

62. Problems. 62nd

hour Black board

teaching

63 Problems 63rd

hour Black board

teaching

64 Problems 64th

hour Black board

teaching


1. What is meant by critical void ratio? Explain the influence of confining pressure on it

2. Direct shear test was carried out on samples of compacted sand. The shear box

dimensions were 60mm x 60mm. The readings obtained are given below.

Normal Load (N) 125 235 355

Peak shear load at failure (N) 98 199 302

Ultimate shear load at failure (N) 68 142 220

Determine the angle of shearing resistance of the sand in i) dense compacted state ii)

loose state

3. A soil sample is initially subjected to a cell pressure of 120 kPa. Draw the stress paths

for the loading conditions, when

a) The cell pressure is kept constant and the major principal stress is increased.

b) Both cell pressure and major principal stress are increased to 225 kPa.

c) Major principal stress is maintained constant and cell pressure is increased to 225 kpa.

d) Major principal stress is kept constant while the cell pressure is increased to 25 kPa.

4. In drained triaxial test on dense sand, the cell pressure was 150 kPa and the deviator

stress to cause the failure was 555 kPa. Calculate the angle of internal friction. Also find

the angle made by the failure plane w. r. t to major principal plane.

5. Explain which type of triaxial test you would recommend on soil in the following

cases, giving reasons

i). Stability of up and downstream slopes of an earth dam

ii) A raft foundation on clay

iii) An airport runway.

Assignment-5

1. Explain with a simple sketch how the vane shear test is conducted in the laboratory.

2. A laboratory vane shear test was conducted on a soft saturated clayey soil sample. The

diameter and height of vane are 10mm and 15mm respectively. Find the shear strength of

the sample if it failed under a torque of 80 N.mm was applied. Derive the equation used,

if any.

3. A purely cohesive sample of cohesion 25 kpa is subjected to a cell pressure of 100 kPa

in a triaxial test. Will the sample fail? Why?

4. Keeping the minor principal stress constant as 200 kPa, the major principal stress on a

cylindrical soil sample was increased till the failure occurred. If the cohesion and angle of

internal friction of the soil were 250 kPa and 25◦ respectively, calculate (i) maximum

axial stress at failure (ii) Shear and normal stress along the failure plane (iii) the angle of

inclination of the failure plane.

5. Explain the difference in the methods of running undrained, consolidated undrained

and drained tests in triaxial test set up.

6. A cylindrical soil specimen of saturated clay, 38 mm in diameter and 80mm in height

was tested in an unconfined compression testing machine. Find the unconfined

compressive strength, if the specimen failed under an axial load of 250 N when the axial

deformation was 12mm. Also compute the value of apparent cohesion and angle of

internal friction of the soil if the angle made by the failure plane with horizontal was

recorded as 50◦.



Academic Plan : 2016- 17 Class & Semester : III B.Tech - I Semester

Branch : Civil Engineering

Subject : Structural Analysis - II


Number of Weeks : 16

Number of Hours / week : 4 + 1

Number of periods planned : 65

Name of the Faculty : Dr. B.D.V. Chandra Mohan Rao

Course Objectives:

Ability to idealize and analyze statically determinate and indeterminate structures.

To introduce displacement methods of analysis for statically indeterminate

structures.

To introduce the approximate methods of analysis for both gravity and lateral loads.

Familiarity with professional and contemporary issues.

Course Outcomes (CO’s):

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

CO-1 : Analyze Two hinged and Three hinged Arch structures.

CO-2 : Determine deflections of beams using Classical methods.

CO-3 : Solve statically indeterminate structures using Classical methods.

CO-4 : Solve statically indeterminate structures using Approximate methods.

UNIT – I

Syllabus :

Arches : Three hinged arches - Elastic theory of arches – Eddy’s theorem –

Determination of horizontal thrust, bending moment, normal thrust and radial shear –

Effect of temperature

Two hinged arches - Determination of horizontal thrust, bending moment, normal thrust

and radial shear –– Rib shortening and Temperature stresses, Tied arches – Fixed arches

– (No analytical question).

Learning Objectives :

After completion of unit, the student will be able to

Define an Arch and can list the different types of arches

Distinguish between Three hinged and Two hinged arches

Determine the horizontal thrust, bending moment, normal thrust and radial

shear in Three hinged and Two hinged arches

Explain the effect of temperature on Three hinged and Two hinged arches

Lecture Plan:

S.No. Description of the Topic No. of Hours Method of

Teaching

1. Introduction to Three hinged arches 1st hour PPT

2. Elastic theory of arches, Eddy’s theorem 2nd

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk

3. Determination of Horizontal thrust, BM,

Normal thrust and Radial shear in Three

hinged arches

3rd

to 6th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

4. Effect of temperature on Three hinged arches 7th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

5. Introduction to Two hinged arches 8th

hour PPT

6. Determination of Horizontal thrust, BM,

Normal thrust and Radial shear in Two hinged

arches

9th

to 12th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

7. Rib shortening and Temperature stresses 13th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

8. Tied arches 14th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

9. Fixed arches 15th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

Assignment : 1. A 3 hinged parabolic arch of horizontal span L, central rise yc is hinged at the

springings and crown. It carries 2 point loads of W each at equal distances of ‘a’ from

either supports. Obtain the support reactions and B.Ms at salient points. Sketch B.M.D.

2. A three hinged parabolic arch rib has a span of 84m and a rise of 18m to the central pin

at the crown. The rib carries load of intensity 2 k N per m ud horizontally over a length of

1/3 of the span from the left hand springing. Calculate the BM in the rib at the quarter

span points

3. A segmental arch of span 25 m and centre line rise of 5 m is hinged at the springings

and crown, it carries a point load 100 kN at a distance 6 m from the left support hinge.

Calculate the reactions at the support and also find bending moment, normal thrust, radial

shear at 5 m from left of support.

4. Calculate the value of horizontal thrust, noraml thrust and radial shear for 3 hinged

parabolic arch if it is subjected to u.d.l. throughout the span .

5. A parabolic two hinged arch has a span of 60m and a rise of 12m.A concentrated load

of 8 kN acts at 15m from the left hinge. The second moment of area varies as the secant

of the slope of the rib axis. Calculate the horizontal thrust and reactions at the hinge. Also

calculate the maximum BM anywhere in the arch.

6. What is a tied arch? Derive an expression for finding the tension in the tie.

7. Calculate the value of horizontal thrust for 2 hinged parabolic arch if it is subjected to

u.d.l throughout the span .

8. Calculate the value of horizontal thrust ‘H’ for 2 hinged semi circular arch of span ‘l’,

radius ‘R’ subjected to central concentrated load ‘W’.

UNIT – II

Syllabus :

Moment Area method : Beams subjected to point loads, u.d.l. and couples

Conjugate beam method : Derivation of theorems, Application to beam deflections and

slopes.



State Moment Area theorems

Find the slopes and deflections using Moment Area method.

Define a Conjugate beam

Find the slopes and deflections using Conjugate beam method.

Lecture Plan:

S.

No.

Description of the Topic No. of hours Method of

Teaching

1. Introduction to Moment Area method 16th

hour PPT

2. Slopes and Deflections using Moment Area

method

17th

to 20th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

3. Introduction to Conjugate beam method 21st hour PPT

4. Slopes and Deflections using Conjugate beam

method

22nd

to 25th

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk

Assignment : 1. A simply supported beam AB of 2.8 m. span carries a point load of 60 kN at a distance

of 1 m from the left hand support. What is the position of the maximum deflection of the

beam? Also find the magnitude of the deflection under the load. Take EI for the beam

section as 4 x 1012

N-mm2.

2. A beam AB of length L is loaded with udl of intensity w/m of length ‘a’ is placed on

the left half of the beam from the centre. Determine by Moment Area method, the central

deflection of the beam.

3. A cantilever beam AB of span L is carrying a point load W at B. The moment of

inertia for the left half is 2I, whereas for the right half is I. Find the slope and deflection

at B in terms of EI,W and L.

4. A beam ABCD is simply supported at its ends A and D over a span of 30 m. It is made

up of 3 portions AB, BC and CD each of 10 m. in length. The moment of inertia of

section over each of these individual portions is uniform and the I values for them are I,

3I and 2I respectively, where I = 20 x109 mm

4. The beam carries a point load of 150 kN

at B and another point load of 300 kN at C. Neglecting the self weight of the beam,

calculate the deflection at B and the slope at C. Take the values of E as 200 GPa.

UNIT – III

Syllabus :

Moment distribution method : Stiffness and carryover factors - Distribution factors -

Analysis of continuous beams with and without sinking of supports

Kani’s method : Analysis of continuous beams - including settlement of supports and

single bay single story portal frames with side sway



Define distribution factor, carryover factor

Analyse a continuous beam with and without sinking of supports using

Moment distribution method

Analyse a continuous beam with and without sinking of supports using

Kani’s method

Analyse single bay single story portal frames including side sway by Kani’s

method.

Lecture Plan:

S.

No.

Description of the Topic Period Method of

Teaching

1. Introduction to Moment Distribution method 26th

to 27th

hour

PPT

2. Analysis of continuous beams without sinking

of supports using Moment distribution method

28th

to 29th

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk

3. Analysis of continuous beams with sinking of

supports using Moment distribution method

30th

to 31st

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk

4. Introduction to Kani’s method 32nd

to 33rd

hour

PPT


of supports using Kani’s method

34th

to35th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk


supports using Kani’s method

36th

to 37th

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk

7. Analysis of single bay single story portal

frames without side sway by Kani’s method.

38th

to39th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

8. Analysis of single bay single story portal

frames with side sway by Kani’s method.

40th

to 41st hour Blackboard &

Chalk

Assignment :

1. A horizontal beam ABCD is carried on hinged supports and is continuous over 3 equal

spans each of 3 m. All the supports are initially at the same level. The beam AB is

centrally loaded with a point load of 8 kN , the beam BC is loaded with u.d.l of 2 kN/m

and CD is loaded with 9 kN acting at a distance of 1m from support C. Analyze the

beam by Moment distribution method and Plot the bending moment diagram. The

moment of inertia of the whole beam is 2.4 x 106 mm

4 . Take E= 2 x 10

5 N/mm

2.

2. During loading the middle support B of the continuous beam ABC sinks by 10 mm.

The ends A and C are fixed. The load on AB is u.d.l of 30 kN/m and BC is loaded with

a point load of 70 kN acting at a distance of 4 m. from B. Span AB = 6 m, BC = 6m.

Find the moments at A,B,C using moment distribution method. Sketch the B.M.D. and

S.F.D.

3. A continuous beam ABCD is fixed at A and simply supported at B and C, the beam

CD is over hanging. The spans AB = 6m, BC = 5m, and over hanging CD = 2.5m . The

moment of inertia of the span BC is 2I and that of span AB and CD is I. The beam is

carrying a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m over span AB, a point load of 50 kN on

BC at a distance of 3 m from B and a point load of 80 kN at the free end. Determine the

fixing moments at A,B and C and draw the bending moment diagram. Use Kani’s

method.

4. What are the advantages of Kani’s method over other methods of structural analysis.

5. A continuous beam ABCD is fixed at ends A and D and loaded as shown in the figure

below. Spans AB, BC, CD have moments of inertia of I, 1.5I and I respectively and are of

the same material. Determine the moments at the supports and plot the BM diagram. Use

Kanis Method.

8kN 3kN/m 16kN

A B C D

1.5m 2.5m 4m 1m 2m

6. Analyse the portal frame shown using below by Kani’s method

UNIT – IV

Syllabus :

Approximate methods of Structural analysis - Application to building frames : (i)

Portal method (ii) Cantilever method (iii) Substitute frame analysis – two cycle.



Analyze the building frames by Portal method.

Analyze the building frames by Cantilever method.

Analyze the building frames by Substitute frame method.

Lecture Plan:

S.

No.


Teaching

1. Introduction to Approximate methods of

Structural analysis

42nd

hour PPT

2. Analysis of building frames by Portal method 43rd

to 46th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

3. Analysis of building frames by Cantilever

method

47th

to 50th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

4. Analysis of building frames by Substitute

frame method

51st to

54th

hour Blackboard &

Chalk

Assignment : 1. Analyse the multistory building frame shown in Fig. below by using Portal method.

The stiffnesses of beams and columns are shown in the brackets.

2. Analyse the 2 bay – 3 storey building frame using Cantilever method. The c/s areas of

all the columns are assumed to be uniform. The supports of the building frame are fixed.

Bay spacing : 6 m, 6 m. (From left to right)

Storey height : 4 m, 4 m, 4 m. (From bottom to top)

Lateral loads : 24 kN, 24 kN, 12 kN (From bottom to top)

UNIT – V

Syllabus :

Stiffness method : Determination of Kinematic indeterminacy, Introduction, Application

to continuous beams including support settlements.



Determine the Kinematic indeterminacy of beams

Generate the stiffness matrix

Analyze the continuous beams including settlement of supports by stiffness

method

Lecture Plan:

S.

No.


Teaching

1. Introduction to Stiffness method 55th

hour

PPT

2. Determination of Kinematic indeterminacy of

beams

56th

to 57th

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk

3. Generation of stiffness matrix 58th

to 59th

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk


of supports using stiffness method

60th

to 62nd

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk


supports using stiffness method

63rd

to 65th

hour

Blackboard &

Chalk

Assignment : 1. In a continuous beam ABCD, A is fixed, B and C are simply supported and D is over

hanging. AB is loaded with a central concentrated load of 15 kN, BC is loaded with u.d.l

of 10 kN/m and a point load of 20 kN is acting at D. The spans AB = 4m, BC = 6m, CD

= 2m. Analyse this beam by stiffness method Take E= 200 GN/m2 and I= 10 x 10

4 mm

4.

Sketch the BMD.

2). A two span continuous beam ABC is fixed at A and C. The span AB = BC = L. Using

displacement method, obtain the moment at support B if the support C settles by Δ =

L/100.

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