VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & · PDF fileANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS: Introduction,...

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

III B. Tech, Semester I (ECE)

Subject : ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION

Subject Code : 13ECE008

Academic Year : 2016 – 17

Number of working days : 90

Number of Hours / week : 5 Total number of periods planned: 68

Name of the Faculty Member: K.KALYANA SRINIVAS, D.KANTHISUDHA, K.ANUSHA

III Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C

4 0 4 (13ECE008) ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION Course Learning Objectives

To know about the fundamentals and design of various Antennas.

To discuss the major applications of antennas emphasis is on how antennas are employed to meet electronic

system requirements.

To understand the concepts of radio wave propagation in the atmosphere. Course Outcomes After going through this course the student will be able to

Analyze a complete radio system, from the Transmitter to the Receiver end with reference to antenna.

Quantify the fields radiated by various types of antennas

Design wire antennas, loop antennas, reflector antennas, lens antennas, horn antennas and micro strip

antennas

Analyze antenna measurements to assess antenna’s performance

Relate the concept of radio wave propagation

UNIT I

ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS: Introduction, Radiation Mechanism – single wire, 2 wire, dipoles,

Current Distribution on a thin wire antenna. Antenna Parameters - Radiation Patterns, Patterns in Principal

Planes, Main Lobe and Side Lobes, Beamwidths, Polarization, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam

Efficiency, Directivity, Gain and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Aperture Efficiency, Effective Height,

illustrated Problems.

Learning objectives:

After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:

Identify basic antenna parameters

Understand the radiation mechanism

Analyze radiation patterns of Antennas

Recognize the practical importance of Beam-Width

Identify the applications of Reciprocity theorem.

Lecture plan:

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

1 WIT &WIL::What I am teaching,why I am teaching;overview of 2 PPT + chalk & board

all units.

2 Radiation mechanism,types of antennas 2 PPT + chalk & board

3 Dipoles, short dipole, current distribution on a thin wire 1 PPT + chalk & board,

antenna Video

4 antenna parameters, radiation pattern 1 PPT+ chalk & board

5 radian and steradian, radiation intensity 1 PPT+ chalk & board

6 Gain, directive gain,power gain 1 PPT+ chalk & board

7 Directivity-general expression;diff b/w directivity &gain 1 PPT+ chalk & board

8 Antenna efficiency; 1 PPT+ chalk & board

9 Effective area,effective aperture,eff.length,collective 1 PPT+ chalk & board

aperture,physical aperture.

10 Relation b/w max aperture &gain&directivity 1 PPT+ chalk & board

11 Problems(1hr)+Revision class(1hr)+ class test on unit1(1hr) 3

Total = 15

UNIT II

THIN LINEAR WIRE ANTENNAS: Retarded Potentials, Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarterwave

Monopole and Halfwave Dipole – Current Distributions, Evaluation of Field Components, Power Radiated,

Radiation Resistance, Beamwidths, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Hight. Natural current distributions,

fields and patterns of Thin Linear Center-fed Antennas of different lengths, Radiation Resistance at a point which is

not current maximum. Antenna Theorems – Applicability and Proofs for equivalence of directional characteristics,

Loop Antennas : Small Loops - Field Components, Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, Concept

of short magnetic dipole, D and Rr relations for small loops.



Understand what is a dipole?

Analyze reciprocity theorem applications

Calculate the radiation resistance of a half-wave dipole

Explain the difference between near field, far-field, reactive near field.

LECTURE PLAN:


1 Retarded potentials 1 PPT + chalk & board

2 Radiation from Small Electric Dipole 1 PPT + chalk & board

3 Quarterwave Monopole and Halfwave Dipole derivations 2 PPT + chalk & board,

Current Distributions, Evaluation of Field Components Video

4 Power Radiated, Radiation Resistance, Beamwidths, Directivity, 1 PPT+ chalk & board

Effective Area and Effective Hight.

5 Natural current distributions, fields and patterns of Thin Linear 1 PPT+ chalk & board

Center-fed Antennas of different lengths

6 Radiation Resistance at a point which is not current maximum. 1 PPT+ chalk & board

7 Antenna Theorems – Applicability and Proofs for equivalence of 1 PPT+ chalk & board

directional characteristics

8 Loop Antennas : Small Loops - Field Components, 1 PPT+ chalk & board

9 Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole 1 PPT+ chalk & board

10 D and Rr relations for small loops. 1 PPT+ chalk & board

11 Revision+class test+problems 3

Total:14

UNIT III

ANTENNA ARRAYS : 2 element arrays – different cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, N element Uniform

Linear Arrays – Broadside, Endfire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their characteristics and

comparison; Concept of Scanning Arrays. Directivity Relations (no derivations). Related Problems. Binomial

Arrays, Effects of Uniform and Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions, Design Relations. Arrays with Parasitic

Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles and their characteristics.

NON-RESONANT RADIATORS : Introduction, Traveling wave radiators – basic concepts, Longwire antennas –

field strength calculations and patterns, Microstrip Antennas-Introduction, Features, Advantages and Limitations,

Rectangular Patch Antennas –Geometry and Parameters, Impact of different parameters on characteristics.

Broadband Antennas: Helical Antennas – Significance, Geometry, basic properties; Design considerations for

monofilar helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes (Qualitative Treatment).


After completion of the unit, the students will be able to: Explain the parasitic elements Differentiate the conditions between broadside array and end fire array Know the modes in Microstrip antenna Know the principle of pattern multiplication Obtain the conditions for axial mode and normal mode

LECTURE PLAN


1 2 element arrays – different cases, Principle of Pattern 1 PPT + chalk & board Multiplication

2 N element Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside, Endfire 2 PPT + chalk & board Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their

characteristics and comparison; Concept of Scanning Arrays.

3 Binomial Arrays, Effects of Uniform and Non-uniform 1 PPT + chalk & board, Amplitude Distributions, Design Relations. Video

4 Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded 2 PPT+ chalk & board Dipoles and their characteristics.

5 Introduction, Traveling wave radiators – basic concepts, 1 PPT+ chalk & board Longwire antennas – field strength calculations and patterns,

6 Microstrip Antennas-Introduction, Features, Advantages and 2 PPT+ chalk & board Limitations, Rectangular Patch Antennas –Geometry and

Parameters, Impact of different parameters on characteristics.

7 Broadband Antennas: Helical Antennas – Significance, 2 PPT+ chalk & board Geometry, basic properties; Design considerations for

monofilar helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes

8 Problems 1 PPT+ chalk & board

9 Rivison+class test on u-3 2 PPT+ chalk & board

Total::14

UNIT IV

VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I : Reflector Antennas : Flat Sheet and Corner Reflectors.

Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, characteristics, types of feeds, F/D Ratio, Spill Over, Back Lobes, Aperture

Blocking, Off-set Feeds, Cassegrainian Feeds.

Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns, Design Characteristics of Pyramidal Horns; Lens Antennas – Geometry,

Features, Dielectric Lenses and Zoning, Applications, Antenna Measurements – Patterns Required, Set Up, Distance

Criterion, Directivity and Gain Measurements (Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods).



Explain the advantages of Cassegrain Feed

Know the concept of zoning

Draw the geometry of cassegrain feed for a paraboloid reflector

Know the difference between merits and demerits of lens antenna

Draw and explain the different blocks in radiation pattern measuring setup.

LECTURE PLAN:


1 Reflector Antennas : Flat Sheet and Corner Reflectors. 1 PPT + chalk & board

2 Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, characteristics, types of 2 PPT + chalk & board

feeds, F/D Ratio, Spill Over, Back Lobes, Aperture Blocking,

Off-set Feeds, Cassegrainian Feeds.

3 Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns, Design 2 PPT + chalk & board,

Characteristics of Pyramidal Horns; Video

4 Lens Antennas – Geometry, Features, Dielectric Lenses and 2 PPT+ chalk & board

Zoning, Applications

5 Antenna Measurements – Patterns Required, Set Up, Distance 1 PPT+ chalk & board

Criterion

6 Directivity and Gain Measurements (Comparison, Absolute 1 PPT+ chalk & board

and 3-Antenna Methods).


9 Revision+ class test on unit4 2 PPT+ chalk & board

Total::12

UNIT V

WAVE PROPAGATION : Concepts of Propagation – frequency ranges and types of propagations. Ground Wave

Propagation–Characteristics, Parameters, Wave Tilt, Flat and Spherical Earth Considerations. Sky Wave

Propagation – Formation of Ionospheric Layers and their Characteristics, Mechanism of Reflection and Refraction,

Critical Frequency, MUF and Skip Distance – Calculations for flat and spherical earth cases, Optimum Frequency,

LUHF, Virtual Height, Ionospheric Abnormalities, Ionospheric Absorption.

Fundamental Equation for Free-Space Propagation, Basic Transmission Loss Calculations. Space Wave Propagation

– Mechanism, LOS and Radio Horizon. Tropospheric Wave Propagation – Radius of Curvature of path, Effective

Earth’s Radius, Effect of Earth’s Curvature, Field Strength Calculations, M-curves and Duct Propagation,

Tropospheric Scattering.

Learning objectives:After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:

Know the Modes of wave propagation

Explain the various layers and characterstics of Ionospheric layers.

Define wave tilt,Troposcatter,Ducting,M-curves

LECTURE PLAN:


1 Concepts of Propagation – frequency ranges and types of 1 PPT + chalk & board

propagations.

2 Ground Wave Propagation–Characteristics, Parameters, Wave 2 PPT + chalk & board

Tilt, Flat and Spherical Earth Considerations.

3 Sky Wave Propagation – Formation of Ionospheric Layers and 3 PPT + chalk & board,

their Characteristics, Mechanism of Reflection and Refraction, Video

Critical Frequency, MUF and Skip Distance – Calculations for

flat and spherical earth cases, Optimum Frequency, LUHF,

Virtual Height, Ionospheric Abnormalities, Ionospheric

Absorption.

4 Fundamental Equation for Free-Space Propagation, Basic 2 PPT+ chalk & board

Transmission Loss Calculations.

5 Tropospheric Wave Propagation – Radius of Curvature of path, 2 PPT+ chalk & board

Effective Earth’s Radius, Effect of Earth’s Curvature, Field

Strength Calculations, M-curves and Duct Propagation,

Tropospheric Scattering.


9 Rivison+class test on unit5 2 PPT+ chalk & board

Total:13

TEXT BOOKS

1. Antennas for All Applications – John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2003.

2. Elec tromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition,

2000.

REFERENCES

1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Edition, 2001.

2. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi,

2001.

3. Transmission and Propagation – E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book of Radio,

vol. 5,

Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.

4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th Edition, 1955.

5. Antennas – John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill, 2nd Edition, 1988.

III Year B. Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D

C

4 0

4

Subject: Linear and Digital IC Applications Subject Code:

13EIE006


Number of Hours / week : 5

Total number of periods planned : 72

Name of the Faculty Member : G.Shanthi

PREREQUISITES

Switching Theory and Logic Design, Network Theory, Electronic Devices and Circuits.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. Study about electrical properties and analog ICs like Op-Amps, IC 555 Timer,

PLL.

2. Analyze and know the design concepts of various applications of ICs.

3. Study the Design concepts of Digital circuits using ICs.

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the syllabus student will be able to

1. Design various applications of Op-Amps.

2. Design the circuits using Special ICs like 555 timer, 723 voltage Regulator and

565 PLL.

3. Design A/D and D/A converters using ICs.

4. Design digital circuits using digital ICs.

MAPPING OF COs WITH POs

PO a PO b PO c PO d PO e PO f PO g PO h PO i PO j PO k PO l

CO 1 3 3 2 3 2

CO 2 3 3 2 3 3

1

1

1

CO 3 3 3 2 3 3

1

1

1

3-storng 2-moderate 1-Week Blank-Not relevant

DETAILED SYLLABUS

UNIT- I

Syllabus

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Classification, chip size and circuit complexity, basic

information of Op-amp, ideal and practical Op-amp, internal circuits, Op-amp

characteristics, DC and AC characteristics, 741 op-amp and its features, modes of

operation-inverting, non-inverting, differential.

OP-AMP APPLICATIONS : Basic application of Op-amp, instrumentation amplifier, ac

amplifier, V to I and I to V converters, sample & hold circuits, Log and antilog amplifiers,

Precision rectifiers, Differentiators, Integrators and Comparators.

Learning Outcomes

After completion of this unit the student will be able to

1. Describe what an Opamp is.

2. Describe general circuit of an Opamp and its classification

3. Describe the difference between ideal and practical Opamp.

4. Describe Opamp DC and AC characteristics.

5. Describe features of 741 Opamp.

6. Describe Opamp as inverting, noninverting and differential amplifier.

7. Describe basic applications of Opamp.

8. Describe and analyze Opamp as instrumentation amplifier, ac amplifier, V to I and I to

V

Converters sample & hold circuits, Log and antilog amplifiers, Precision rectifiers,

Differentiators, Integrators and Comparators.

TEACHING PLAN

S.

No

Description No. of Periods

(16)

Mode of delivery

1 Introduction to integrated circuits and Op-Amp. 01 PPT +Video Link

2 Classification of Op-Amps. 02 Chalk & Talk+

Video Link

3 Characteristics and difference between ideal and

practical Op-Amp. 01 Chalk & Talk

4

Characteristics and difference between ideal and

practical Op-Amp. 01 Chalk & Talk

5 Op-Amp DC and AC characteristics. 01 Chalk & Talk

6 741 Op-Amp and its features. 01 Chalk & Talk

7 Op-Amp in inverting non-inverting and

differential mode of operation. 01 Chalk & Talk

8 Basic application of Op-Amp. 01 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

9 Opamp as instrumentation amplifier, ac amplifier. 01 PPT

10 Opamp as V to I and I to V converters. Opamp as

sample & hold circuits

01 PPT

11 Opamp as Differentiators and Integrators. 01 Chalk & Talk

12 Opamp as Comparators, Schmitt trigger. 01 Chalk & Talk

13 Log and antilog amplifier, Precision rectifiers 01 Chalk & Talk

14 Assignment Questions Discussion 01 Assignment Sheet

15 Tutorial 01 Tutorial sheet

Assignment:

1. (a) Define the terms: SVRR, CMRR, input bias current, input offset voltage, gain

bandwidth product.

(b) What are the differences between the inverting and non inverting terminals?

What do you mean by the term “virtual ground”.

2. Explain in detail all the dc and ac characteristics of an ideal opamp with relevant

expressions.

3. a) The circuit used as a practical op – Amp integrator is lossy. Elaborate the

statement

and justify.

b) Draw the circuit diagram a sample – and – hold function using op – Amp and

explain

its operation.

c) Draw the block diagram of a multiplier using logarithmic amplifier and other

circuits.

4. a) Obtain the expression for output voltage of a 3 op-Amp instrumentation

amplifier.

What is the output if all the resistors of the instrumentation amplifier are chosen

same?

b) Discuss the modifications necessary in a differentiator to make it practically

useful.

Draw the output of a differentiator for a 1V peak sine wave input at 300 Hz

frequency.

Assume R = 15 kΩ and C=0.1μF for differentiator.

5. a) Discuss the functioning of a practical integrator and derive the necessary

expressions.

b) Design a practical integrator circuit to properly process input sinusoidal

waveforms

upto 1kHz.The input amplitude is 10mv.

Tutorial:

1. Explain in detail all the DC and AC characteristics of an ideal Op-Amp with Relevant

Expressions?

2. Draw the circuit Diagram and explain the operation of an inverting amplifier?

3. What are the characteristics of an an Instrumentation Amplifier

4. Design a Schitt Trigger for Supply voltage of ±15V and through hold voltages of ±

12V.

5. Design Practical integrator and Differentiator circuits?

Video Links :

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Di_Occf4Z2k

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Di_Occf4Z2k

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clTA0pONnMs&list=PLHMDN3JFtE5w

Ez95H2XuzRaafK3fUsaki

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xki9taCqsWY

UNIT II

Syllabus:

ACTIVE FILTERS & OSCILLATORS: Introduction, 1st order LPF, HPF filters. Band

pass, Band reject and all pass filters. Oscillator types and principle of operation – RC,

Wien and quadrature type, waveform generators – triangular, sawtooth, square wave and

VCO.

Learning Objectives: At the end of completion of all learning activities the student is able to

1. Describe frequency response of LPF, HPF filters. Band pass, Band reject and all pass

filters.

2. Apply to a filter the procedure for frequency scaling

2. Describe RC, Wien and quadrature type oscillators.

3. Describe triangular, sawtooth, square wave waveform generators.

4. Describe VCO block diagram.

TEACHING PLAN

S.No Brief Note of Topic(S) Covered Period

(S)(15)

Chalk & Talk

1 Introduction to active filters, 1st order LPF and

frequency response of LPF.

1 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

2 HPF filters and its frequency response. 1 Chalk & Talk

3 Band Pass Filters and its frequency response 1 Chalk & Talk

4 Band Rejection Filters and its frequency response 1 Chalk & Talk

5 All Pass Filters and problems on filters 1 PPT +Video Link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clTA0pONnMs&list=PLHMDN3JFtE5wEz95H2XuzRaafK3fUsaki

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clTA0pONnMs&list=PLHMDN3JFtE5wEz95H2XuzRaafK3fUsaki

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xki9taCqsWY

6 principle of operation of RC phase shift oscillator 1 Chalk & Talk+ Video

Link

7 Principle of operation of Wien bridge oscillator 1 Chalk & Talk

8 Principle of operation of quadrature oscillator 2 Chalk & Talk

9 square wave generator 1 Chalk & Talk

10 Triangular wave generator and sawtooth wave

generator

1 Chalk & Talk

11 VCO 2 Chalk & Talk



Assignment:

1. The cutoff frequency of a certain first orders low pass filter is 2kHz. Covert this low

pass filter

to have a cutoff frequency of 3 kHz by using the frequency scaling technique

2. Design a first order high pass filter at cutoff frequency of 400 Hz. & a pass band gain of

1.

3. Design a wide band-pass filter with ƒL = 400Hz, ƒH = 2kHz, and pass band gain = 4.

Also

draw an approximate frequency response plot for the filter.

4. Design a wide band reject filter using first order high pass and low pass filter having

ƒL = 2kHz and ƒH = 400Hz, respectively.

5. a) If the circuit used as a triangular wave generator utilizes a square wave generator,

explain

how the circuit functions. Derive an expression for the frequency of output waveform.

b) What is the principle of operation of an RC phase shift oscillator?

c) What are the important pass band, stop band and transition characteristics for design

of active filters?

6. Explain with the help of suitable circuit diagram, how saw tooth wave can be generated.

7. a) What are the merits and demerits of active filters over RC passive filters?

b) With necessary circuit diagram, explain how sine wave signal is generated in a Wien

bridge

oscillator. Show that the minimum gain required is 3 for oscillations.

c) What is the principle of operation of a Quadrature type oscillator?

Tutorial:

1. a) what feedback is preffered for oscillator and why ? what is the effect of negative

feedback .

b) Design Op - Amp based Relaxation Oscillator and Derive the Frequency of

oscillator.

2) Sketch the circuit diagram of Band Elimination Filter and design a WBR filter having

f H =200 Hz an f L =1 KHz assume necessary data ?

3) Explain the procedure for designing a filter?

4) what is a Notch filter ? Give an example for it and explain its characteristics?

5) Draw the circuit diagram of a Wein Bridge Oscillator using Op-Amp and explain its

operation.

Video Links :

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3OeHZs3JUU

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLfgQHDjdc4

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iPRR6iCD8A

UNIT III

Syllabus:

SPECIAL ICs: Introduction to 555 timer, functional diagram, monostable and astable

operations and applications, Schmitt Trigger. PLL - introduction, block schematic,

principles and description of individual blocks of 565. Introduction to voltage regulators,

series voltage regulator, shunt voltage regulator and IC 723 Voltage Regulator.

D-A AND A- D CONVERTERS: Introduction, basic DAC techniques, weighted resistor

DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408 DAC, Different types of

ADCs - parallel comparator type ADC, counter type ADC, successive approximation

ADC and dual slope ADC, DAC and ADC specifications.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of completion of all learning activities the student is able to

1. Describe 555 timer functional and pin diagram

2. Describe 555 timer as monostable and astable operation and their different

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3OeHZs3JUU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLfgQHDjdc4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iPRR6iCD8A

applications.

3. Describe 555 timer as Schmitt Trigger

4. Describe PLL

5. Explain the operation of Digital to Analog (D/A) converter.

6. Explain the operation of Digital to Analog (D/A) converter (DAC) with binary

weighted resistors.

7. Explain the operation of DAC with R and 2R resistors.

8. Explain the operation of Analog to Digital (A/D) converter.

9. Explain the operation of ADC with Successive approximation.

10. Discuss the operation of some of the most commonly used Monolithic/Hybrid

D/A & A/D converters.

11. Explain the operation of parallel comparator type ADC.

12. Explain the operation of counter type ADC.

TEACHING PLAN


(S)(15)

Chalk & Talk

1 Introduction to 555 timer and its functional

diagram

1 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

2 Monostable operation of 555 timer

1 Chalk & Talk

3 Astable operation of 555 timer

1 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

4 Applications of Monostable and Astable operation

of 555 timer.

1 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

5 555 timer as Schmitt trigger 1 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

6 Introduction, block schematic, principles and

description of 565

1 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

7 Individual blocks of 565. 1 Chalk & Talk

8 Introduction and basic DAC techniques, 1 Chalk & Talk

9 Weighted resistor DAC, R-2R ladder DAC 1 Chalk & Talk

10 Inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408 DAC 1 Chalk & Talk

11 Different types of ADCs - Parallel comparator

type ADC, counter type ADC

1 Chalk & Talk

12 Successive approximation ADC and dual slope

ADC

1 Chalk & Talk

13 DAC and ADC specifications. 1 Chalk & Talk



Assignment

1. Draw and explain functional diagram of a 555 timer?

2. Explain an application in which the IC555 Timer is used as Astable Multi.

3. Draw the circuit of Schmitt Trigger using IC 555 Timer and Explain its operation.

4. Discuss the significance of Phase Detector, Low pass filter, amplifier and a

VCO in PLL.

5. a). Define the following terms with reference to D/A converters.

i. Resolution ii. Linearity

b) Draw the schematic diagram of a D/A converter. Use resistance values

whose ratios are multiples of 2.Explain the operation of the converter.

c) Draw the block diagram of a converting A/D converter and explain its

operation. Sketch the output waveform.

Tutorial:

1. How is an Astable Multi using 555 Timer connected in a pulse position modulator?

2. What is Working Principle of PPL and Explain?

3. Explain the Operation of the Fastest Analog to Digital Convertor. What is the main

drawback

of this convertor ? Compare this convertor with other types.

4. Draw the circuit of a Schmitt Trigger using IC 555 Timer and explain its operation.

5.What are the important specification of ADC's and DAC's?

Video Links :

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SX01x1z7fTY

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJNDh46uI3w

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1ZOFIpc-Mc

UNIT IV

Syllabus

Logic Families : Classification of Integrated circuits, comparison of TTL and CMOS

logic Families, standard TTL NAND Gate-Analysis& characteristics, TTL open collector

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SX01x1z7fTY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJNDh46uI3w

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1ZOFIpc-Mc

O/Ps, Tristate TTL, MOS & CMOS open drain and tristate outputs, CMOS transmission

gate, IC interfacing- TTL driving CMOS & CMOS driving TTL.



1. Classify integrated circuits

2. Describe standard TTL NAND Gate- Analysis& characteristics

3. Describe TTL open collector O/Ps, Tristate

4. Describe TTL, MOS & CMOS open drain and tristate outputs

5. Describe CMOS transmission gate

6. Describe IC interfacing

TEACHING PLAN


(S)(09)

Chalk & Talk

1 Classification of Integrated circuits,

1 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

2 comparison of various logic families 1 Chalk & Talk

3 standard TTL NAND Gate Analysis&

characteristics -

1 Assignment Sheet

4 TTL open collector O/Ps, Tristate logic 1 Tutorial sheet

5 TTL, MOS & CMOS open drain and tristate

outputs

1 PPT +Video Link

6 CMOS transmission gate. 1 Chalk & Talk+ Video

Link

7 IC interfacing- TTL driving CMOS & CMOS

driving TTL.

1 Chalk & Talk



Assignment: 1. a) Draw the schematic circuit of TTL active pull up NAND gate and explain its

operation with the help of Truth table.

b)Draw the schematic of CMOS NOR gate and explain its operation with the help

of the truth table.

2. a) Compare the relative merits of NMOS,CMOS,TTL and ECL logic families.

b) List out the advantages of CMOS logic.

3. a) What are tristated outputs? Explain such necessity in TTL and CMOS integrated

circuits.

b) Explain how TTL and CMOS ICs are interfaced with each other using necessary

schematics.

4. a) Draw the circuit diagram of a CMOS NAND gate and explain how it works.

b) Explain the operation of a CMOS transmission gate.

c) Explain how totem pole circuit functions at the output of a TTL IC.

5. a) Draw the circuit of a standard TTL NAND gate and discuss its characteristics.

b) What is the purpose of open collector and tristate outputs?

c) What are the voltage levels corresponding to logic ‘O’ and logic ‘1’ as per the

standard TTL and standard CMOS ICs?

Tutorial :

1. Explain the working of CMOS Transmission gate?

2. Comparison of TTL nad CMOS Logic family?

3. Explain the operation of TTL open collector nad open Drain outputs?

4.Expalin the function of Tri state TTL gate?

5. Explain about IC inter facing?

Video Links :

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95kv5BF2Z9E

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYz2Z_fMTwQ

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8adOpQx7tc

UNIT V

Syllabus:

DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN: Design using TTL-74XX series ICs, code converters,

decoders, Demultiplexers, Encoder, Priority Encoder, Multiplexers & their applications,

Priority generators Arithmetic circuits ICs -parallel binary adder/subtractor circuits using

2’s, Complement system. Digital comparator circuits.

SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS: Commonly available 74XX series ICs - RS, JK, JK Master

slave, D and T type Flip-flops & their conversions. Design of synchronous and

asynchrouns counters. Decade counter, shift registers & applications using TTL 74XX

series of ICs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95kv5BF2Z9E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYz2Z_fMTwQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8adOpQx7tc



1. Perform the conversion of different Flip flops

2. Design synchronous counters, Decade counter & shift registers

3. Know the basics of74XX & CMOS 40XX series of IC counters.

4. Know the conversion of different Flip flops

5. Design synchronous counters, Decade counter & shift registers

6. Know basics of 74XX & CMOS 40XX series of IC counters.

TEACHING PLAN


(S)(17)

Chalk & Talk

1 Design using TTL-74XX & CMOS 40XX series,

code converters, decoders

1 PPT+ Chalk & Talk

2 Demultiplexers, decoders & drives for LED &

LCD display

1 Chalk & Talk

3 Encoder, Priority Encoder 1 Chalk & Talk

4 Multiplexers & their applications, Priority

Generators / Checker circuits

1 Chalk & Talk

5 Digital arithmetic circuits-parallel binary

adder/subtractor circuits using 2’s,

Complement system. Digital comparator circuits.

1 PPT +Video Link

6 Problems and discussion of old question papers.

1 Chalk & Talk+ Video

Link

7 Flip-flops & their conversions

1 Chalk & Talk

8 Flip-flops & their conversions, 1 Chalk & Talk

9 Design of synchronous counters. Decade counter

1 PPT

10 Design of shift registers & applications 1 PPT

11 familiarities with commonly available 74XX &

CMOS 40XX series of IC

1 PPT

12 Design of Asynchronous counters 1 Chalk & Talk

13 Design of Ring counter, Johnsons counter 1 Chalk & Talk

14 Design of up down counters 1 Chalk & Talk



Assignment:

1. What is encoding .Explain the operation of priority encoder circuit. Give one

application of

Priority Encoder.

2. What is a comparator? Explain the circuit operation of digital comparator circuit.

3. Conversion of different Flip Flops

4. Explain the functioning of following TTL ICs.

a) Driver for LCD display. b) Parallel binary subtraction using 2’s complement

method.

5. Discuss the functioning and applications of 74 series ICs for following functions

(one example each) a) Multiplexers b) Code converters.

6. Explain the functioning of following TTL integrated circuits:

a) Demultiplexers b) Parallel binary adder.

Mention the TTL IC No.s for each of the above functionalities.

Tutorial : 1. Implementation of given function using Multiplexer?

2. Design of different code converters?

3. Explain the 4 bit Comparator ?

4. Design of Mod-6 Synchronous counter using JK Flip Flop?

5.Explain about the Race around condition in Flip Flops?

Video Links :

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ecMG_OciLo

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hGmQrdfXGw

3.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Linear Integrated circuits by D. Roy Chowdhury, New Age International (p) Ltd,

2nd Edition, 2008..

2. Digital Fundamentals by Floyds and Jain, Persons education, 8th Edition,2005.

3. Op amps and linear ICs by Ramakanth A. Gayakwad,PHI,1987.

REFERENCES :

1. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits by R.F.Coughlin and

Fredrick F.Driscoll,PHI,1977.

2. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits:4/e William d. Stanley PEI

2009.

3. Op amps and Linear Integrated Circuits:Concepts and Applications by James M.

fiore, Cengage /Jaico,2/e,2009.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ecMG_OciLo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hGmQrdfXGw

4. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits by K.Lal Kishore - Pearson

education,2008.

5. Modern Digital Electronics RP Jain 4/e TMH 2010.

COURSE ASSESSMENT METHODS

Mode of

Assessment Assessment Tool Periodicity

Percentage

Weightage Evidences

Direct

Mid Terms

Examinations Twice in a semester 25 Answer Scripts

Assignment, Quiz

etc. At the end of each unit 5

Assignment

Books / Quiz

sheets etc.

End Semester

Examination

At the end of the

Semester 70 Answer Scripts

Indirect Course End

Survey At the end of Semester 100 Feedback forms

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE UNDER JNTUH)

III B.TECH. I SEMESTER REGULAR EXAMINATION

SUBJECT: LINEAR AND DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS

(COMMON TO ECE, EEE, EIE)

TIME: 3 Hours. Max.

Marks: 70

PART-A is compulsory.

PART-B Answer any FOUR.

PART-A (compulsory) 30 marks

MODEL PAPER – I

1. Answer in one sentence. 1 X 5 = 5

(a). What are the different configurations of op-Amp ?

(b). Write any two elements used in Passive filters?

(c). Write the advantage of integrating type ADC.

(d). What is the fastest logic family?

(e). If the input lines to the Decoder are 24, how many output lines it will have?

2. Answer the following very briefly. 2 X5 = 10

(a). Define slew rate with its units?

(b). Write Bark Hausen criterion for Oscillations?

(c). Write two commercial applications of IC 555 Timer?

(d). Write the need for a voltage Regulator?

(e). Draw the circuit of CMOS transmission gate?

3. Answer the following briefly. 3 X 5 = 15

(a). Calculate the CMRR of an Op-Amp having differential mode gain as 500 and

common mode

gain 200.

(b). For an All Pass filter find the phase angle if the frequency is 2KHz and R=10KΩ and

C=0.01µf.

(c). How do we vary the duty cycle of an Astable MultiVibrator using OP-Amp IC?

(d). Convert SR Flip Flop to D Flip Flop

(e). Draw the circuit of CMOS inverter circuit and explain its operation?

Part-B (Answer any FOUR)

4X10=40

4.

a. Draw and explain the internal schematic of an operational amplifier.

b. What are the differences between the inverting and non inverting

terminals? What do you mean by the term “virtual ground”.

5.

a. Discuss the functioning of a differentiator and derive the necessary

expressions.

b. Explain the circuit and operation of instrumentation amplifier.

6.

a. What is an all pass filter? Where and why is it needed?

b. Define Bessel, Butterworth and Chebyshev filters and compare their

frequency

response.

c. Sketch the circuit diagram of band elimination filter and design a band

reject filter having higher cutoff frequency of 200Hz and lower cutoff

frequency of 1khz.Assume necessary data.

7.

a. Define the terms ‘Resolution’, ‘ Conversion Time’ and ‘Linearity’ of an Analog

to Digital converter

b. Indicate the fastest Analog to Digital converter. Specifying its conversion time

with an example.

c. What is the resolution of an 11 bit Analog to Digital converter for a full scale

input voltage of 10.24 volts.

8.

a. Draw the schematic circuit of TTL active pull up NAND gate and

explain its operation with the help of Truth table.

b. List out the advantages of CMOS logic.

9.

a. What are the basic blocks of analog multiplexer. Explain how the data

selection process is performed in it. List out the advantages of CMOS

logic.

b. What is encoding .Explain the operation of priority encoder circuit .

Give one application of priority encoder.

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE UNDER JNTUH)

III B.TECH. I SEMESTER REGULAR EXAMINATION

SUBJECT: LINEAR AND DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS

(COMMON TO ECE, EEE, EIE)

TIME: 3 Hours. Max.

Marks: 70

PART-A is compulsory.

PART-B Answer any FOUR.

PART-A (compulsory) 30 marks

MODEL PAPER – II

1. Answer in one sentence. 1X5=5

(a). What is the Technique adopted in preference to Dominant Pole.

(b). What is the other name for Narrow band filter?

(c). Name the two packages in which IC 555 timer is available.

(d). Define Fan out.

(e). Draw the 4X1 Multiplexer?

2. Answer the following very briefly. 2X5=10

(a). Define CMRR with its units?.

(b). What is the basic need of filters explain??

(c). What do you mean by integrating type ADC?

(d). Write any four Classifications of IC's?

(e). Write the different Characteristics of Logic family?

3. Answer the following briefly. 3X5=15

(a). Change in input offset voltage is 60mV. Determine the supply voltage if SVRR =

104db.

(b). Write short notes on quadrature oscillator?

(c). Define the following terms as related to DAC

a) Accuracy b) Resolution

(d). Draw the circuit of Tri State TTL Logic and explain its function?

(e). Write short notes on code converters?

Part-B (Answer any FOUR) 10 X 4 = 40

4. (a) Explain how the input off set voltage compensated for Op-amp.

(b) How fast can the output of an Op-amp change by 10V, if its slew rate is 1V/μs?

(c) Define thermal drift.

5. (a) Discuss the operation of a log amplifier and derive the expression for

output voltage.

(b) Design a current to voltage converter using Op-amp and explain how it can

be used to measure the output of a photocell.

6. (a) Design an astable multivibrator using 555 timer to produce a square wave

Of 2 KHz frequency and 70% duty cycle. Draw the circuit with all component

values.

(b) Explain how a PLL is used as a frequency multiplier.

7. (a) With an example explain the functional diagram of successive Approximation ADC.

(b) Draw the schematic circuit diagram of a Servo A/D converter and explain

The operations of this system.

(c) Compare Servo A/D with other types of A/D converters.

8. (a) Draw the circuit of two input NAND gate with totem-pole output and do the

static analysis when output is HIGH & Output is low.

(b) Explain why two totem pole outputs can’t be tied together.

(c) With neat circuit explain the concept of open collector O/P with pull-up resistor.

9. (a) Write short notes on priority encoder?

(b) Design a BCD to Decimal Decoder?


(Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

III Year B. Tech ECE – I SEM

Subject : Digital Communications

Subject Code : 13ECE007

Academic Year : 2016-17



Total number of periods planned : 73

Name of the Faculty Member : K S Shilpa, P Srinivasa Rao, V Mitu

Course Objectives:

To learn about various pulse and digital modulation techniques.

To study about concepts of base band transmissions.

To learn about information theory and various block codes

Course Outcomes (COs):

After going through this course the student will be able to:

CO1: Know Communications with a focus on modern digital communications theory and systems.

CO2: Apply the underlying methods for up-to-date examples of real world systems.

CO3: Emphasize on modern digital data transmission concepts and optimization of receivers.

CO4: Build a basis for subsequent related courses such as wireless, cellular and mobile communications.

CO5: Understand fundamental bounds on information theory, and to develop new system concepts.

CO6: Understand the Data compression, error detection and error correction techniques as well as data encryption techniques are all based on information theory.

CO7: Gain expertise with signals, systems, and analysis methods for digital communications

UNIT – I

Syllabus:

PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of digital communication systems,

advantages of digital communication systems, elements of PCM: sampling, quantization

and coding, quantization error, non-uniform Quantization and Companding. Differential

PCM systems (DPCM) and Adaptive DPCM.

DELTA MODULATION: Delta modulation, its drawbacks, adaptive Delta modulation,

comparison of PCM and DM systems, noise in PCM and DM systems.


After completion of the unit, the student must be able to know:

Elements of a communication system, Block diagram and its operation.

Advantages and disadvantages of a Digital communication system over analog communication system.

Concept of sampling theorem.

Types of sampling.

Concept of quantization, quantization error derivation.

Concept of coding.

PCM block diagram and its operation.

Non Uniform Quantization and Companding concepts.

DPCM concept and advantages.

Adaptive DPCM concept and advantages

Applications of PCM & DPCM systems.

Delta modulation, advantages and disadvantages.

Adaptive Delta Modulation concept, comparison with DM.

Comparison between PCM & DM systems.

Noise in PCM & DM systems.

Lecture plan:

S.No. Description of Topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1. Introduction to Digital Communications and Elements of

Digital Communication Systems.

1st PPT, Video, Chalk &

talk

2. Advantages and disadvantages of Digital Communication

Systems.

2nd Chalk & talk

3. Sampling theorem and its proof.

3rd Chalk & talk

4. Sampling theorem for Band pass signals.

4th Chalk & talk

5. Types of Sampling 5th PPT, Chalk & talk

6. Quantization concept and Quantization Error derivation.

6th and

7th

PPT, Chalk & talk

7. Block diagram of PCM and explanation of each block.

8th PPT, Chalk & talk

8. DPCM Block diagram and its explanation.

9th Chalk & talk

9. Adaptive DPCM Block diagram and its explanation 10th Chalk & talk

10. Delta modulation concept and its advantages.

11th

Chalk & talk

11. Disadvantages of DM.

12th

PPT, Chalk & talk

12. Adaptive Delta modulation concept 13th

Chalk & talk

13. Noise in PCM system. 14th

Chalk & talk

14. Noise in DM system.

15th

Chalk & talk

15. Problems.

16th

Group discussion

Total = 16

Assignment-1:

1. What are the essential operations in the transmitter of a PCM system. 2. What is Quantization error and calculate mean square Quantization error. 3. Represent the basic principle of differential PCM and also represent discrete time DPCM

system. 4. Compare PCM and DM systems.

UNIT – II

Syllabus:

BASE BAND TRANSMISSION: Requirements of a line encoding format, various line

encoding formats- Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar, Scrambling techniques-B8ZS, HDB3,

Computation of power spectral densities of various line encoding formats.

M-ARY PULSE MODULATION: Inter symbol interference, Pulse shaping to reduce

ISI, Nyquist’s criterion, Raised cosine filter, Equalization, Correlative level coding, Duo-

binary encoding and Modified Duo-binary encoding.


At the conclusion of this unit the student should be able to:

Understand the basic elements of a baseband communication system (i.e. one which does not employ carrier waves) and appreciate the likely characteristics and imperfections of such systems.

Know how inter-symbol interference degrades performance and how eye diagrams may be used to analyze these effects.

Know how noise causes bit errors and be able to calculate the probability of error as a function of signal-to-noise-ratio.

Appreciate that pulses may be shaped to control the bandwidth of a signal and reduce inter-symbol interference, and be aware of the limits on transmission rate if ISI is to be avoided.

Appreciate the need for line coding; be aware of commonly used line codes, their applications and transmission spectra.

Design the filters in the transmitter and receiver so as to obtain optimum performance.

Appreciate how equalization can correct undesirable channel characteristics and be able to design simple equalizers.

Lecture plan:


Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

16. Requirements of a line encoding format and various line

encoding formats

17th

PPT,

Chalk & talk

17. Explanation of various line encoding formats

18th

PPT, Chalk &

talk

18. Scrambling techniques-B8ZS, HDB3

19th

Chalk & talk

19. Computation of power spectral densities of various line

encoding formats.

20th

Chalk & talk

20. Inter symbol interference, pulse shaping to reduce ISI and

Nyquist’s criterion.

21st

,22nd,23rd

PPT, Chalk &

talk

21. Raised cosine filter and Equalization.

24th and

25th

PPT, Chalk &

talk

22. Correlative level coding, Duo-binary encoding, and Modified

Duo-binary encoding.

26th

Chalk & talk

23. Problems 27th

Group

discussion

Total = 11

Assignment-2

1. Expalin the diferrence between bandpass transmission and passband transmission. 2. Define the following types of line codes for the electrical representation of binary data.

I) Unipolar NRZ coding II) Bipolar RZ signaling.

3. What is the effect of ISI and What is the remedy to reduce ISI.

UNIT – III

Syllabus:

DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Introduction, ASK Modulator, Coherent

ASK Detector, Non-Coherent ASK Detector, FSK, Bandwidth and frequency Spectrum of

FSK, Non-Coherent FSK Detector, Coherent FSK Detector, FSK Detection using PLL,

BPSK, Coherent PSK Detection, QPSK, DPSK, DEPSK.

DATA TRANSMISSION: Base band signal receiver, probability of error, optimum filter,

matched filter, probability of error using matched filter, probability of error for various

line encoding formats, correlator receiver, Calculation of Probability Errors of ASK, FSK,

BPSK.


At the conclusion of this unit the student should be able to know:

Various Digital modulation techniques-ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, DEPSK, QPSK, M-ray PSK, ASK, FSK.

M-ary concepts.

Similarity between FSK & BPSK.

Baseband signal Receiver concept.

How to calculate the probability of error, the optimum filter concepts.

Matched filter concept.

Probability of error using matched filter for both coherent and non coherent detection.

Probability of error calculation for various digital modulation schemes.

Lecture plan:


Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

24. Introduction to Digital modulation techniques.

28th

PPT, Videos

25. ASK generation and coherent/non coherent detection 29th ,30th

Chalk & talk

26. FSK generation 31st

Chalk & talk

27. BPSK generation

32nd and

33rd

Chalk & talk

28. QPSK, DPSK, DEPSK operation.

34th and

35th

Chalk & talk

29. M-ary signaling concepts 36th

Chalk & talk

30. Coherent FSK Reception

37th

Chalk & talk

31. Non coherent detection of FSK.

38th

Chalk & talk

32. Frequency Spectrum of FSK

39th

Chalk & talk

33. Comparison of ASK, FSK & BPSK 40th

Chalk & talk

34. Base band signal Receiver concept.

41st

PPT, Chalk &

talk

35. Optimum filter & Matched filter. 42nd and

43rd

PPT, Chalk &

talk

36. Probability of error.

44th Chalk & talk

37. Probability of error using matched filter.

45th

Chalk & talk

38. Probability of error calculation for ASK, BPSK,FSK 46th Chalk & talk

39. Problems.

47th Group

discussion

Total = 20

Assignment-3

1. Write the power spectral density of BPSK and QPSK signals and draw the power spectrum of each

2. Determine the bandwidth required for M-ary FSK system. Draw the geometrical representation of M-ary FSK signals and find out distance between the signals.

3. Find the probability of error in synchronous detection of BFSK signals using matched filters.

4. Draw the BPSK signal for the following binary signal. 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 5. Derive an expression for the spectral spread 16-ary psk system.

UNIT – IV

Syllabus:

INFORMATION THEORY: Information and Entropy conditional entropy, Mutual

Information, channel Capacity, Various Mathematical Modeling of Communication

Channels and their Capacities, Hartley Shannon Law, Tradeoff between bandwidth and

S/N ratio Source Coding. Fixed Length and Variable Length Source Coding Schemes.


At the conclusion of this unit student should be able to know:

Concept of amount of information and its properties.

Average information, Entropy and its properties.

Information rate, Mutual information.

How to model a communication channel mathematically.

How to Apply different trade off parameters

Concept of source coding and its variants.

Lecture plan:

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of

Teaching

40. Information and Entropy, Conditional Entropy.

48th and 49th

PPT, Chalk &

talk

41. Mutual information, Channel capacity

50th and 51st

Chalk & talk

42. Various mathematical modeling of communication

channels and their capacities

52nd

PPT, Chalk &

talk

43. Hartley Shannon Law and Trade off between

bandwidth and S/N ratio.

53rd

Chalk & talk

44. Types of source coding such Fixed length, variable

length binary coding schemes, Problems

54th and 55th

Group

Discussion,

Chalk & talk

Total = 8

Assignment -4

1. Define Entropy eand mention the properties of entropy. 2. Define mutual Information. 3. Differentiate with examples fixed and variable length source coding schemes. 4. A source is transmitting messages A,B,C,D,E and F with

P(A)=0.5,P(B)=0.25,P(C)=0.125,P(D)=0.0625,P(E)=P(F)=0.03125.Find the source code words using Shannon Fano encoding.

5. A source is transmitting 6 messages with probability 0.3, 0.25, 0.15, 0.12, 0.1,0 .08 respectively. Find the binary Huffman code.

UNIT – V

Syllabus:

LINEAR BLOCK CODES: Introduction to error control coding, Matrix description of

linear block codes, error detection and error correction capabilities of linear block codes,

hamming code, binary cyclic codes, algebraic structure, encoding, and syndrome

calculation and decoding. CONVOLUTIONAL CODES: Introduction, encoding of convolutional codes, time domain approach,

transform domain approach. General approach: state, tree and trellis diagram, decoding using

Viterbi algorithm, burst error correction, block interleaving and Convolutional interleaving.


At the conclusion of this unit the student should be able to know:

Different types of codes.

Matrix description of linear block codes.

Error detection and error correction capabilities of linear block codes.

Hamming codes, Binary cyclic codes.

Encoding, Syndrome calculations.

Encoding of convolution codes, time domain approach and Transform domain approach.

Graphical approach: State, tree and trellis diagram decoding using Viterbi algorithm.

Lecture plan:


Teaching

45. Matrix description of linear block codes.

56th and

57th

PPT, Chalk &

talk

46. Error detection and error correction capabilities of linear

block codes.

58th and

59th

PPT, Chalk &

talk

47. Problems.

60th Group

Discussion,

Chalk & talk

48. Hamming codes problems 61st

PPT+ chalk

& talk

49. Binary cyclic codes problems 62nd and

63rd

Group

Discussion

50. Syndrome calculation

64th Group

Discussion

51. Encoding of convolution codes, time domain approach.

65th

Chalk & talk,

Group

Discussion

52. Transform domain approach.

66th Chalk & talk,

Group

Discussion

53. Graphical approach.

67th

Chalk & talk

54. State diagram decoding using Viterbi algorithm.

68th

Chalk & talk,

Group

Discussion

55. Tree diagram decoding using Viterbi algorithm. 69th Chalk & talk,

Group

Discussion

56. Trellis diagram decoding using Viterbi algorithm.

70th

Chalk & talk,

Group

Discussion

57. Burst error correction.

71st

Chalk & talk

58. Block Interleaving.

72nd

Chalk & talk

59. Convolutional Interleaving.

73rd

Chalk & talk

Total = 18

Assignment-5

1. A (7,4) linear block code is generated according to the H matrix given by

1 1 1 0 1 0 0

H = 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 0 1

The codeword received is 1000011 for a transmitted codeword C. Find the

corresponding data word transmitted.

2. Design an encoder for a (7, 4) binary cyclic code generated by polynomial g(x)

=1+x2+x

3 and encode the data word 1110.

3. Define hamming distance and hamming weight.

4. For the convolutional encoder shown in below figure, Draw the state diagram

and trellis diagram.

5. For the convolutional encoder shown in below figure, Sketch the code tree.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Digital and Analog Communication Systems – Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2005

2. Principles of Communication Systems – H. Taub and D. Schilling, Goutam Saha, 3rd

Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2010.

REFERENCES

1. Digital Communications – Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005.

2. Digital Communications – John Proakis, TMH, 1983.

3. Communication Systems Analog and Digital – Singh and Sapre, TMH, 2004.

4. Modern Analog and Digital Communications – B.P. Lathi and Zhi Ding, International

4th Edition, Oxford University Press.

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

III B. Tech, Semester I (ECE)

Subject : Control Systems Subject Code : 13EEE006

Academic Year : 2016 – 17 Number of working days : 90 Number of Hours / week : 4 Total number of periods planned: 65 Name of the Faculty Member: Ch.NagaDeepa&G.Vijaya Kumar

III Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C 4 1 4

(13EEE006) CONTROL SYSTEMS

Pre-requisites: Basic concepts of Mathematics and Signal concepts Course Objectives

To understand the different ways of system representations such as Transfer function representation and state space representations and Should able to assess the system dynamic response

To assess the system performance using time domain analysis and should know how to improve it

To assess the system performance using frequency domain analysis and should know how to improve it

To design various controllers and compensators to improve system performance

Course outcomes After going through this course the student will be able to

know how to improve the system performance by selecting a suitable controller and/or compensator for a specific application

Apply various time domain and frequency domain techniques to assess the system performance

Apply various control strategies to different applications (example: Power systems, electrical drives etc…)

Test system Controllability and Observability using state space representation and applications of state space representation to various systems.

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION:

Concepts of control systems, Open loop and closed loop systems and their differences.Different examples of control systems, Classification of control systems, Feed-back Characteristics, Effects of feedback.

Mathematical models – Differential equations. Impulse Response and transfer functions – Translational and Rotational mechanical systems.


After completion of the unit, students will be able to:

Explain the concepts of control system. Explain the classification of control system. Make the comparison between open loop and closed loop control system with examples. Explain Feedback Characteristics. Explain the reduction of parameter variations like system sensitivity,Time constant , Gain

, Stability by use of feedback. Solve problems related to effects of feedback Identify the use of Laplace Transform in control system. Determine the Transfer Function of Mechanical Translational System. Solve problems on Mechanical Translational System. Derive Electrical Analogous of Mechanical Translational System. Determine the Transfer Function of Mechanical Rotational System. Solve problems on Mechanical Rotational System. Derive Electrical Analogous of Mechanical Rotational System.

Lecture Schedule


Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1. Necessity and importance of control systems, classification of

control system

1st hour PPT

2. Open loop and closed loop systems with examples and

differences between open loop and closed loop system

2ndhour PPT+Video

3. Use of Laplace transforms in control systems. Definition of

Transfer function problems solved. Physical systems

3rdhour PPT

4. Effects of Feedback, reduction of parameter variations by use

of feedback, sensitivity, time constant, gain, stability, and

4th& PPT, Chalk &

disturbance 5thhour board

5. Mechanical translational systems and related problems solved 6th&

7thhour

chalk & board

6. Mechanical translational systems and related problems 8th&

9thhour

PPT, chalk &

board

7. Electrical analogous of Mechanical translational systems, force-

voltage and Force-current analogy

10th&

11thhour

PPT, Chalk &

board

8. Tutorial Problems 12thhour Chalk & board

Total Periods: 12

ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT- I

1. Distinguish between 1) linear and nonlinear system 2) Open Loop and Closed Loop control system 3) Regenerative and degenerative feedback control systems.

2. Define system and explain about various types of control systems with examples and their advantages.

3. What are the advantages of negative feedback? Explain the effect of negative feedback on bandwidth and sensitiveness to parameter variation in closed loop control system.

UNIT II:

TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION & TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS:

Transfer Function of DC Servomotor-AC Servomotor-Synchro transmitter and receiver, Block

diagram representation of systems considering electrical systems as examples- Block diagram

algebra – Representation by signal flow graph – Reduction using mason’s gain formula.

Standard Test Signals- Time response of First Order Systems, Characteristic Equation of

Feedback Control systems, Transient Response of Second Order Systems, Time Domain

Specifications, Steady state response, Steady state errors and Error Constants, Effects of

Proportional derivative, Proportional Integral Systems.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completion of UNITII the student will be able to

Derive Transfer Function of DC Servomotor – Armature controlled and Field controlled Derive Transfer Function of AC Servomotor. Explain the operation of Synchro transmitter and Receiver. Represent Electrical system as a Block Diagram and solve related problems.

Explain Block Diagram algebra. Represent Control System graphically using Signal Flow Graph. Reduce Block diagram using Mason’s Gain Formula. Determine the Time response of 1st order system. Time response of 2nd order system for undamped, underdamped, critically damped, over

damped. Time domain specifications- rise time, peak time, delay time, settling time, peak over

shoot- expressions derived. Determine the steady state response. Determine Steady state errors and Error Constants. Explain the effects of Proportional Derivative, Proportional Integral and PID Systems.


Teaching

1. Servomotor, classification, requirements. Difference between 2

Phase Induction Motor and Servomotor.

1st hour PPT

2. Transfer function of Armature Controlled DC motor.

2ndhour PPT+Video

3. Transfer function of field Controlled DC motor.

3rdhour PPT

4. Transfer function of AC servomotor. Servomotor in position

control.

4thhour chalk & board

5. Block diagram Algebra. Block diagram reduction using algebra.

Problems solved.

5th&

6thhour

PPT, chalk &

board

6. Signal flow graph method, properties. Mason’s Gain Formula 7thhour PPT, Chalk &

board

7 Block Diagram Reduction using Mason’s Gain Formula.

Comparison of block diagram and signal flow graph methods,

conversion of block diagram to signal flow graph

8th&

9thhour

PPT, Chalk &

board

8 Standard test signals. Review of Partial Fraction Expansion 10thhour Chalk & board

9 Time Domain Specifications and their derivations 11thhour Chalk & board

10 Time response of 1st order system for Ramp i/p, step i/p,

Exponential i/p, etc.Time response of 2nd order system for

undamped and under damped cases.

12th&

13thhour

Chalk & board

11 Steady state Error, Static Error Constants essfor unit step, unit

ramp, and unit parabolic for type-0, 1, 2 & 3 order systems

14th&

15thhour

Chalk & board

12 Generalized Error Coefficient derivation. Response with P, PI,

PD & PID controllers and problems

16th&

17thhour

Chalk & board

13 Tutorial Problems 18thhour Chalk & board

Total:18

ASSIGNMENTOF UNIT_II

1. Derive the transfer function of an a.c.servomotor and draw its characteristics. 2. Derive the transfer function for the field controlled d.c. servomotor with neat sketch. 3. Draw the signal flow graph for the system of equations given below and obtain the

overall transfer function using mason’s rule X2 = X1 + X6

X3 = G1 X1 + H 2X4 + H 3 X5

X4 = G2 X3 + H4 G6

X5 = G5X4

X6 = G4 X5

4. In a unity feedback control system the open loop transfer function G(s) = 10 / s (s+1). Find the time response of the system

a) Find the time constant and % overshoot for a unit step input.

b) To reduce the % overshoot by 50% it is proposed to add a tachometer feedback 100p. Find

the tachometer feedback gain to be used.

5. Consider the closed -loop system given by C(s) / R(s) =wn2 / s2 + 2 ξ wns + wn

2

Determine the values of ξ and wnso that the system responds to a step input with

Approximately 5% overshoot and with a settling time of 2 sec. (Use 2% criterion).

UNIT –III

STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN:The Concept of stability – Routh Stability Criterion –

Qualitative stability and conditional stability.

Root Locus Technique:

The root locus concept – construction of root loci – effects of adding poles and Zeros to G(s) H(s)

on the root loci.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing UNIT III the student will be able to

Explain the concepts of stability Solve problems on Routh Hurwitz stability criterion Solve problems on Conditional stability Construct Root Locus Solve problems on root locus

LECTURE SCHEDULE


Teaching

1. Concepts of stability – definition, location of roots of

characteristic equation

1sthour PPT

2. Hurwitz criterion, Routh Hurwitz stability criterion

2ndhour PPT, chalk &

board

3. Problems on R H criterion 3rd&

4thhour

chalk & board

4. Relative stability, applications & limitations of Routh’s criteria. 5thhour chalk & board

5. Root locus techniques- introduction 6thhour PPT, chalk &

board

6. Angle condition, magnitude condition, Graphical method of

determining K

7thhour PPT, Chalk &

board

7 Rules for construction of root locus, examples given 8th&

9thhour

PPT, Chalk &

board

8 Problems solved on root locus techniques 10th ,11th&

12thhour

Chalk & board


Total:13

ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT III

1) a) Explain the concepts of Stability of a control system and explain a method to determine the stability of dynamical system. b) A unity feedback control system is characterized by the open loop transfer function

G(s) = K (s+13) / s(s+3) (s+7)

i) Using the Routh’s criterion determine the range of values of K for the system to be stable

ii) Check for K=1 all the roots of the characteristic equation of above system have

damping factor

UNIT –IVSYLLABUS

FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS& STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN: Introduction,

Frequency domain specifications- Bode Diagrams, Determination of Frequency domain

specifications and transfer function from the Bode diagram- Phase margin and Gain margin –

Stability analysis from Bode Plots.

Polar Plots, Nyquist Plots and applications of Nyquist criterion to find the stability – Effects of

adding Poles and Zeros to G(s)H(s) on the shape of the Nyquist Diagrams.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing UNIT IV the student will be able to

Determine Frequency Response Draw Bode plot Calculate Gain Margin , Phase Margin from Bode Plot Determine stability from Bode Plot. Draw and analyze Polar Plot. Determine Gain margin and Phase margin. Determine the stability by Nyquist Criterion. Solve problems on Nyquist Criterion.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


Teaching

1. Frequency domain Specifications 1sthour PPT, chalk &

board

2. Bode plot: Gain margin, Phase margin Magnitude plot, Phase

plot, problems worked out

2nd&

3rdhour

PPT, chalk &

board

3. Stability analysis from Bode plots, problems solved 4th&

5thhour

chalk & board

4. Polar plot, gain margin, phase margin 6thhour PPT, chalk &

board

5. Problems solved on Polar plot 7thhour PPT, chalk &

board

6. Nyquist plots ,Nyquist criterion to find the stability 8thhour PPT, Chalk &

board

7 Problems on Nyquist plot, Effects of adding poles and zeros to

G(s) H(s) on the shape of the Nyquist dia.

9th&

10thhour

PPT, Chalk

&board


Total: 11

ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT _ IV

1)a) Explain a frequency domain specifications.

b) Sketch the Bode plot for the Transfer function G(s) = Ke-0.5s / s (2+s) (1+0.3s),’K’ stands for

the cross over frequency wcf to be 5 rad/sec.

2) Sketch the Bode plot for a unity feedback system characterized by the open loop transfer

function G(s) =K (1+0.2s)(1+0.025s) / s2(1+0.001s)(1+0.005s). Show that the system is

conditionally stable. Find the range of K for which the system is stable.

3) a) Explain Nyquist Stability criterion.

b) A unity feedback control system has an open loop transfer function given by

G(s) H(s) =100 / (s+5) (s+2). Draw the Nyquist diagram and determine its stability.

4) Draw theNyquist plot for the open loop system G(s) = K(s+3) / s(s+1) and find itsstability. Also

find the phase margin and gain margin.

UNIT-V SYLLABUS

CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES:Compensation Techniques – lag, lead, lead-lag

controllers design in frequency Domain,PID Controllers.

STATE SPACE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS: Concepts of state, state variables and state

model, derivation of state models from block diagrams, Diagonalization. Solving the Time

invariant state Equations.State Transition Matrix and its properties.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing UNIT V the student will be able to

Explain compensation techniques

Explain lag controllers design in frequency domain. Explain lead controllers design in frequency domain. Explain lead – lag controllers design in frequency domain. Explain about PID controllers. Construct the state variable model for a system characterized by differential equation. Obtain state equation and output equation of an electric network. Obtain state space model for a system. Explain properties and significance of state transition matrix.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


Teaching

1. Introduction and preliminary design considerations 1sthour PPT, chalk &

board

2. Lead compensation & Lag compensation 2nd&

3rdhour

PPT, chalk &

board

3. Lead - Lag compensation based on frequency response

approach.

4thhour chalk & board

4. Problems related to the topic solved 5thhour chalk & board

5. Concepts of state, state variables and state model. Model of a

given electrical network

6thhour PPT, chalk &

board

6. State diagram representation, to obtain state model from a

given transfer function. Problems solved

7thhour PPT, Chalk &

board

7 Diagonalisation, solving the time invariant state equations 8thhour PPT, Chalk &

board

8. State transition matrix, Observability and controllability 9th&

10thhour

Chalk & board


Total: 11

ASSIGNMENT OFUNIT V

1) Write short notes on lead, lag, lead-lag compensation networks. 2) Explain properties of state transition matrix. 3) Consider the transfer function Y(s) / U(s) = (2s2+ s + 5) / (s3 + 6s2 + 11s + 4)

Obtain the state equation by direct decomposition method and also find state

transition matrix

TEXT BOOKS 1. Control Systems Engineering by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International (P)

Limited, Publishers, 2nd edition. 2. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition by B. C. Kuo 2003– John wiley and sons.

REFERENCES 1. Modern Control Engineering by Katsuhiko Ogata, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd

edition, 1998. 2. Control Systems by N.K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 3rd Edition,

1998. 3. Control Systems Engineering. By NISE, John wiley, 3rd Edition. 4. Modeling and Control Of Dynamic Systems by Narciso F. Macia GeorgeJ.Thaler, Thomson

Publishers. 5. Modern control system theory by M.Gopal, New age international publishers, Revised

second edition.

Evaluation Procedure:

Internal evaluation: Mid examination (25) + Assignment (5) = 30 Marks

No. of Mid examinations: Two, each evaluated for 25 marks

Pattern of examination: Part-A: - 4 Marks (4X1 Marks) Compulsory

6 Marks (3X2 Marks) Compulsory

Part-B:- 15 Marks (3X5 Marks) 3 out of 4 Questions

Finalization of Mid for 25 Marks: 80% from the best performed mid examination and 20% from the otherMid examination. Assignmenttest for 5 marks: Two assignments for 5 marks each and average of two, will be taken for finalization of assignment marks

External Evaluation: 70 Marks

Question paper Pattern : Part A:- 30 Marks Compulsory

5 X 1 Marks = 5 Marks (One question from each unit)



Part B:- 10x4 = 40 Marks (4 out of 6 questions) (At least one question

from each unit)

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY BACHUPALLY, HYDERABAD-90( AUTONOMOUS)

II Year IIsemB.Tech. EXTERNAL EXAMINATION (Common for ECE &EEE)

Subject: Control Systems Max Marks: 70 Duration: 3Hrs

PART A: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS I. 5x1=5M

a) What are the two types of mechanical system?

b) Which feedback is employed in Control System?

c) Name the standard test signals used in control system?

d) What aretime domain specifications needed to design a control system?

e) Define stability?

2. 5x2=10 M

a) Distinguish between Open loop and closed loop system?

b) What is non minimum phase transfer function

c) State Nyquist stability criteria

d) What are the properties of STM

e) What is compensation? What are the different types of compensators?

3. 5X3=15 M

a) Define type and order of a control system and hence find the type and order of the

following systems?

i.

b) Derive the standard transfer function of a second order system by taking an R-L-C

series circuit

c) Briefly explain the terms used in Signal flow graph

d) Write notes on Field controlled d.c. servomotor. e) Using Routh’s Stability criterion, ascertain stability

PART B IV. Answer any 4 Questions 10x4 = 40 Marks

1. Draw the Bode Plot for a system having G(s) = 100_____ s(1+0.5s)(1+0.1s) H(s) = 1.

Determine: i. Gain cross over frequency and corresponding phase margin. ii. Phase cross over frequency and corresponding gain margin. iii. Stability of the closed loop system.

2. For the mechanical system Figure 1a given, write down the differential equations of

motion and hence determine the Y2(s)/F(s)

3. Give the matrix A =

Write the characteristic equation and obtain the Eigen values. Also obtain the

diagonal matrix.

4. Explain the different steps to be followed for the design of lead compensator using

Bode plot.

5. A linear time invariant system is denoted by the differential equation

D3 y + 3 D2 y +3 D y + y = U where D = dy / dt

Write the State Model equation of the system.

6. The open loop T.F. of a control system is given by G(s).H(s) =_ K___

s(s+6)

Sketch the root locus plot


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

III B. Tech, Semester I- Sem (ECE)

Subject : Computer Organization

Subject Code : ITD1104

Academic Year : 2016 – 17



Total number of periods planned: 60

Name of the Faculty Member: K.Deepthi, Sagar Reddy, Sabrinadh

III Year – I Sem. B.Tech (ECE) L T/P/D C

4 1 3

(ITD1104) Computer Organization

UNIT –I

BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS: Computer types, Functional Unit, Basic operational

concepts, Bus structure, Multi processors & multi computers, multitasking

REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE AND MICRO OPERATIONS:

Register transfer language, Register transfer, Arithmetic Micro operations, Logical micro

operations, Shift micro operations, Arithmetic Logical shift unit

Learning objectives :

Identifying all parts of computer

Learn about bus structure

Analyzing basic operational concepts

understand the concepts of RTL

Learn about arithmetic, logic and shift micro operations Lecture plan :


Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1. Basic structure of computers : Introduction, Computer types,

Functional types

1 Chalk and Talk

2. Basic operational concepts, Bus structures 1 PPT

3. Multiprocessors & multi computers, multitasking 1 PPTs, Mind

mapping

4. Register transfer language and micro operations: Register

Transfer language

1 Chalk and Talk

5. Arithmetic micro operations 2 Chalk and Talk, PPT

6. Logic micro operations 1 Chalk and Talk

7 Shift micro operations 1 Chalk and Talk

8 Arithmetic logic shift unit 1 PPTs

9 Tutorial 1 Chalk & Board

Total = 10

Assignment:

1. Explain the Bus structure?

2. Explain the functional units of a Computer?

3. Write differences between Multi Processors & Multi Computers?

4. Write Basic operational Concepts of Computer?

5. Discuss about various shift micro operations

UNIT –II

BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN: Instruction Codes, Computer Registers,

computer instructions-instruction cycle, memory reference instructions, input-output

and interrupt.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT: Stack organization, instruction formats, addressing modes, data

transfer and manipulation, program control, CISC and RISC


Interpret the various parts of the instruction codes

Examine the different types of computer registers

Analyzing Instruction cycle and different instructions

Describe the input-out and importance of interrupt.

Lecture plan:

S.No.

Description of Topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1. BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN: Instruction

Codes

1 Chalk and Talk

2. Computer Registers 1 Chalk and

board

3. Computer instructions 1 ppts

4. Instruction cycle 1 ppts

5. Memory reference instructions 2 Chalk and Talk

6. Input-Output and interrupt 1 Chalk and Talk

7. Stack organization 1 Chalk and Talk

8. Instruction formats 1 PPTs

9. Addressing modes 1 PPTs

10. Data transfer and manipulation, Program control 2 PPTs

11. CISC and RISC 1 PPTs

12. Tutorials 1 Chalk& Board

Total = 14

Assignment:

1. Write about Instruction cycle?

2. Describe the different memory reference instructions.

3.Describe about the Stack organization?

4. Explain about the program control.

5. Explain instruction format, addressing modes of a general processor

UNIT –III

MICROPROGRAMMED CONTROL: control memory, address sequencing, micro program

example, design of control unit, hardwired control, and micro programmed control.

THE MEMORY ORGANIZATION: Memory hierarchy, Main memory, Cache memory,

performance considerations, virtual memory, secondary storage.


1. Know basic concepts of control memory.

2. Describe various address sequencing and micro program examples.

3. Learn about design issues of control unit, hardwired control and micro programmed

control unit.

4. Summarize the different levels of memory hierarchy

5. Compare the performance of different memories

Lecture plan:


Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1 Microprogrammed control: control memory, Address

sequencing

1 PPTs

2 Micro program example 1 Chalk and

board

3 Design of control unit 2 PPTs

4 Hardwired control, micro programmed control 1 PPTs

5 Memory hierarchy 1 Chalk and

board

7 Main memory, memory connection to CPU 1 PPTs

8 Cache memory 1 PPTs

9 Virtual memory & Secondary storage 1 PPTs

10 Tutorial 1 Chalk and

board

Total = 10

Assignments:

1. Define control unit & also write all the micro operations of CU?

2. Write differences between hardwired control, and micro programmed control?

3. Write about Control Unit?

4. Explain the significance of Cache memory.

5. Discuss about Virtual memory concept.

UNIT –IV

COMPUTER ARITHMETIC: Addition and subtraction, multiplication algorithms, division

algorithms, floating-point arithmetic operations. Decimal arithmetic unit, decimal

arithmetic operations.

INPUT OUTPUT ORGANIZATION: peripheral devices, input-output interface,

Asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer, priority interrupt, direct memory access


1. Learn about addition, subtraction, multiplication and division algorithms.

2. Learn about floating point arithmetic operations.

3. Learn about Decimal arithmetic unit and Decimal arithmetic operations.

4. List various peripheral devices.

5. Learn about input output interface.

6. Describe the asynchronous mode of transfer.

7. Discuss the operation of DMA.

Lecture plan :


Teaching

1 Computer Arithmetic: Addition and subtraction 2 Chalk and

board

2 Multiplication algorithms 2 PPTs

3 Division algorithms 1 PPTs

4 Floating- point arithmetic operations 1 PPTs

5 Floating- point arithmetic operations 2 PPTs

6 Peripheral devices, input-output interface 2 PPTs

7 Asynchronous data transfer 2 PPTs

8 Modes of transfer 1 Chalk and

board

9 Priority interrupt 1 Chalk and

board

10 Direct memory access 1 Chalk and

board

11 tutorial 2 Chalk and

board

Total = 17

Assignments:

1. A)1001 + 1011 B) 1001 – 0101

2. Using Booth’s algorithm, multiply 4 & 5

3. Using division algorithm, divide 21 by 4

4. Write about decimal arithmetic unit & operations?

5. Explain floating point arithmetic operation.

6. Discuss the operation of DMA

UNIT –V

PIPELINE AND VECTOR PROCESSING: Parallel processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic pipeline,

Instruction pipeline, RISC pipeline Vector processing, Array processors



1. Know various parallel processing mechanisms.

2. Learn about linear, non linear pipelining.

3. Learn about arithmetic and instruction pipelining..

4. Describes the RISC pipeline vector processing.

5. Learn about SIMD array processor.

Lecture plan :


Teaching

1. Pipeline and vector processing: Parallel processing, 1 PPTs,

mapping

2. Pipelining 1 PPTs

3. Arithmetic pipeline 1 PPTs

4. Instruction pipeline 1 PPTs

5. RISC pipeline, 1 PPTs

6. Vector processing 2 PPTs

7 Array processors 1 PPTs

8 Tutorial 1 Chalk &

Board

Total = 09

Assignments:

1. Describe about Pipelining?

2. Explain about parallel processing?

3. Write about vector processing, array processors?

TEXT BOOKS

1. Computer System Architecture – M. Morris Mano, III edition, Pearson/PHI. 2. Computer organization – Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, Safeazaky,V- edition, Mc Graw

Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Computer Organization and Architecture – William Stallings Sixth edition,

Pearson/PHI

2. Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design, Sivarama Dandamudi

3. Computer Architecture a Quantitative approach, John L. Hennessy and David A

Patterson, Fourth edition Elsevier.

4. Computer Architecture Fundamentals and Principles of Computer Design, Joseph D/

Dumas II, BS Publication

Computer Architecture Fundamentals and Principles of Computer Design, Joseph D/

Dumas II, BS Publication

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