Vlsi & embedded systems
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VLSI & EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
An Industrial Training Report.
By: Deepak Yadav
(1001031031)
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CONTENT
Introduction to VLSI VLSI design flow Hardware description language FPGA and EDA tools Introduction to embedded systems
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Introduction to VLSI
An IC is a chip or die where many circuit components and the wiring that connects them are manufactured.
A VLSI system integrates millions of electronic components in a very small area.
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Generations of IC
• 1963• <100 Electronics Components
SSI
• 1970• 100-3000 Electronics Components
MSI
• 1975• 3000-30,000 Electronics Components
LSI
• 1980• Upto Billion Electronics Components
VLSI
• 1990• Beyond Billion Electronics Components
ULSI
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Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
An FPGA is a semiconductor device that can be reprogrammed after manufacturing.
Applications of FPGAs are: Computer Hardware Emulation Broadcast Wireless Communication, etc.
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FPGA Design
FPGAs can be reprogrammed to desired application or functionality requirements after manufacturing. This feature distinguishes FPGAs from Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), which are custom manufactured for specific design tasks.
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VLSI DESIGN FLOW
Idea
System Specification
Design Architecture• Logic Design & Verification
Synthesis• Layout Verification
RTL Verification• Circuit Verification
RTL Coding• Circuit Design Fabrication &
Testing
Foundry
IC Chip
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VLSI Design Flow (contd.) Design Architecture: Designers can use different abstraction
levels for VLSI design:
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VLSI Design Flow (contd.) RTL Coding: HDLs
Stands for “Hardware Description Language”.
A language that can describe the functionality and timing of the hardware.
Support for hardware concurrency and time frame are two main features that distinguishes HDLs from other programming languages.
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Uses and Requirement of HDL It provides with concurrency constructs
to simulate circuit behavior. Simulation for verification and
synthesis. It allows textual representation of how
data flows between register and how design processes them.
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EDA Tools
Stands for “Electronic Design Automation”.
Commonly used EDA tools are:
Xilinx ISE, ModelSim, Cadence, etc.
Used to compile, simulate and synthesize the code written in HDL
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Introduction to VHDL
Stands for “Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language” (VHSIC HDL).
It is an IEEE and ANSI STANDARD; therefore, models described in this language are portable.
Supports three design description methods and can work with any combination of them i.e., it allows mixed type modelling.
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Introduction to Embedded Systems
An Embedded system is a special purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, often with real time computing constraints.
In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM. Example: Printer, Keyboard, etc.
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Peripherals necessary for Microcontrollers / Microprocessor
CPU: Central Processing Unit
Input /Output Bus: Address bus &
Data bus Memory: RAM & ROM Timer Interrupt Serial Port Parallel Port
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Microcontroller v/s Microprocessor
• One single chip Ex: Atmel’s Atmega XX Series
• Different chips connected by bus. Ex: Intel x86/x64, Motorola 680x0, etc.