Vitamins & MineralsChapter 10: Lesson 2

Open Note Quiz ThursdayBring Nutrition Facts Label Friday

Vitamins, Minerals, Water Do Not Provide ENERGY, but perform

a wide variety of body functions. They do not have calories

VITAMINS- compounds found in food that help regulate many body functions

MINERALS- elements found in food that are used by the body

Deficiency- General Lack of something.

Water Soluble- Dissolve in water and pass easily into the bloodstream during digestion.

The body doesn’t store these vitamins; any unused amounts are removed by the kidneys ( urination)

Fat Soluble- Stored in FAT for later use.

Vitamin A- Fat Soluble Benefits- Keeps eyes and skin healthy Needed for growth and strong bones Deficiency- Growth retardation, night

blindness, dryness of the eye, DEATH

Vitamin B1- Water-soluble Produces energy from carbs and

helps the nervous system. Deficiency- Poor memory and

confusion, BeriBeri- lethargic and fatigue

Vitamin B2- Water Soluble Prevents and treats migraine

headaches, cataracts, arthritis. Also helps to maintain a proper metabolism.

Deficiency- Skin cracking in corners of mouth, bloodshot eyes, sensitivity to light and lesions of the skin.

Food- Milk, meat, whole grains, pasta

Vitamin B6- Water Soluble Protein metabolism Deficiency- nerve damage,

convulsions, and anemia-condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells.

Foods- Bananas, peas, whole grains, fish

Folate- Water-Soluble FOLIC ACID ( B Vitamin) - Needed for

forming cells and helps prevent birth defects.

Deficiency- Diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, birth defects of the spinal cord.

Foods- Liver, orange juice, green vegetables.

Recommendation: 400 to 800 mcg or micrograms of folic acid every day

When a woman has enough folic acid in her body before and during pregnancy, it can prevent major birth defects, including:

Spina bifida- when an unborn baby’s spinal column does not close to protect the spinal cord. As a result, the nerves that control leg movements and other functions do not work.

Anencephaly -when most or all of the brain does not develop. Babies with this problem die before or shortly after birth.

Vitamin C: Water-Soluble Promotes healthy gums and teeth.

Helps the healing of wounds and acts as an antioxidant.

Deficiency- Scurvy- gum bleeding.

Vitamin D- Fat-Soluble Absorption of Calcium and

phosphorus in the intestine. Needed for strong bones and teeth.

Deficiency- Rickets- Skeletal deformities in children. Bone loss in adults.

Vitamin E- FatSoluble Protects cell membranes. Deficiency- Anemia, loss of reflexes

Food- Vegetable oils, nuts, dark green

Vitamin K-FatSolubleAids in Blood ClottingDeficiency- Alzheimer’s disease and hemorrhages.

Foods- Spinach and Broccoli.

Minerals Calcium- Forms bones and

teeth, aids blood clotting. Reduces the risk of osteoporosis.

Phosphorus- Maintains healthy bones.

Magnesium- Maintains muscle and nerve functions, along with a regular heartbeat. Aids in Bone growth.

Iron- aids in energy use. Helps with red blood cells.