Windows VistaUser Account Control (UAC) and DelphiFredrik HaglundDeveloper Evangelist

User Account Control (UAC)

Security token split during logon – one user token and one admin token

Administrator shell run with Standard User token You have to explicitly consent every time you create a process with

administrator token – this is called “elevation”

Standard User – Over the shoulder elevation

Windows Vista

UAC is Enabled by Default All Subsequent User Accounts are Created as Standard Users Elevation Prompts are Displayed on the Secure Desktop by Default Elevation Prompts for Background Applications are Minimized to the

Taskbar Elevations are blocked in the User's Logon Path Built-in Administrator Account is Disabled by Default on New

Installations New Default Access Control List (ACL) Settings

Standard User

All processes are started as Standard User as default A Standard User can not

– Change files in Program Files folders– Change files in Windows or System32 folders– Change registry under HKLM\Software– Change the local machines date and time– Install or uninstall Services– …

Earlier strong Recommendations are now enforced!

New Technologies for Windows Vista

Installer Detection User Interface Privilege Isolation Virtualization Access Token Split during login Secure Desktop

User Interface Privilege Isolation

General guideline – “lower” can not access “higher” A lower privilege process cannot:

– Perform a window handle validation– SendMessage or PostMessage– Use thread hooks to attach– Use Journal hooks to monitor– Perform dynamic link-library (DLL) injection

Some resources are still shared between processes– Desktop window, which actually owns the screen surface– Desktop heap read-only shared memory– Global atom table– Clipboard

Virtualization / Redirection

Virtualization is for compatibility – not a feature Disabled for executables with UAC info in manifest!

UAC Architecture

The Shield

Attached to controls which, if clicked, will require elevation as the next step

Has only one state (I.e. no hover, disabled etc.) Does not remember elevated state

– Not an unlock operation

Shield UI Examples

Delphi – What you have to do…

Test your application – identify problems Classify your application as Standard User, Admin or Mixed. Add application Manifest Redesign functionality

– User apps should write data to correct locations– Split out admin stuff into a separate executable

Redesign user interface– Add shield to buttons

Redesign installer Test again Optionally sign application (Authenticode) Determine whether to pursue the Windows Vista Logo program

Test with Standard User Analyzer Tool

SUA helps you find what you do that can break application

Requested Execution Level in Delphi

NB! Remove all references to XPMan unit from project!!!

RC-file is compiled to RES-file

Manifest

<requierdExecutionLevel />

level=”asInvoker”– Start process runing with same token as the process creating it.

level=”highestAvailable”– Ask administrators for consent to elevate but start as standard user if

user has no administrative privileges level=”requireAdministrator”

– Ask administrators for consent to elevate.– Standard user will get login dialog for over the shoulder support– Will only start with administrative privileges

Windows XP Warning!

Incorrect formatting of Manifest can blue screen Windows XP Read KB921337

Redesign

Do not open files or registry keys with Write flag Save data, log files, etc. in the right location using SHGetFolderPath

– CSIDL_PERSONAL { My Documents }– CSIDL_APPDATA { Application Data, new for NT4 }– CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA { non roaming, user\Local

Settings\Application Data }– CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA { All Users\Application Data }– CSIDL_MYPICTURES { My Pictures, new for Win2K }– CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS { All Users\Documents }– …

SHGetFolderPath

RunAsAdmin

Launch application running as administrator Use Application.Handle to delay elevation if app is minimized. No handle always gives direct foreground elevation.

Using COM class for Admin tasks

COM Server must be an EXE EXE must have requireAdministrator to install COM objects correctly Registration of COM Class must

– add value LocalizedString (and resource string in executable)– add key Elevation and value Enabled = 1

Elevated COM calls

Use Moniker to create elevated CoClass from User Process

The Shield - SetElevationRequiredState

Call function with Button as parameter to add Shield symbol

Sign with Authenticode

Get less serious looking consent dialog Register at winqual.microsoft.com Buy certificate (Verisign, etc.) Sign executables (MakeCert, Signtool.exe) Register applications at winqual to get access to crash logs

Resources

Document– Windows Vista Application Development Requirements for User

Account Control Compatibility Tool

– Microsoft Standard User Analyzer Windows Vista Logo Program

– http://microsoft.mrmpslc.com/InnovateOnWindowsVista/

Thank you!