Questions1. Which of the following was not considered a potential advantage of Confederation?

a. It promised improved defenses for some of the colonies.b. It would make Canada stronger than the United States.c. It would allow for more efficient government.d. It could remove intercolonial tariffs and improve trade between the colonies

2. “They [the United States] coveted Florida, and seized it; they coveted Louisiana, and purchased it; they coveted Texas and stole it; and then they picked a quarrel with Mexico, which ended with their getting California ...had we not the strong arm of England over us, we would not now have had a separate existence.”

Thomas D'Arcy McGee, 9 February 1865

McGee is referring to this American concept:a. federalism.b. reciprocity.c. Fenian raids.d. Manifest Destiny.

3. What does the term representation by population mean?

4. Study Source A. Based on this graph, which colony benefits most from representation by population?

5. Study Source A. Based on this graph, which colony benefits least from representation by population?

6. How did the Fenian Raids contribute to the impetus for Confederation?

7. The first conference at which the idea of Confederation was discussed was held in which city and colony?

8. Independent politicians who could swing a vote and bring down the government were known as what?

9. What act created the federation of Dominion of Canada?

10. Canada felt an increased pressure to unite the colonies into one country after the Americans purchased what from the Russians?

J. The Great Coalition consisted of Alexander Galt and which 3 other politicians? Q. The original purpose of the Charlottetown Conference was what? K. The Americans believed they had a “god given right to control all of North America”. What do we call this

notion?

Questions1. What nationality were the Fenians?

2. Study Source B.

The medal pictured was issued to commemorate Confederation. The four women facing the seated Mother Britannia represent the four provinces that entered Confederation at the time. Which provinces do they represent?

3. Who was the first Prime Minister of the newly formed Dominion of Canada?

4. What was the goal of the Quebec Conference?

5. Study Source C:

The artist who drew the cartoon "The Effect of Confederation," showing a man sitting on a chamber pot [a portable container kept in a bedroom and used as a toilet], was

a. biased in favour of Confederation.b. biased against Confederation.c. neutral in the debate about Confederation.d. indifferent to the debate about Confederation.

6. Study Source D:

Which of the following best describes what the artist is saying about Canada?a. It has been abandoned by Britain and should join the USA.b. It is a fully independent nation that is able to defend itself.c. It has to decide which country it’s going to forge stronger ties with: Britain or the USA.d. It is a newly developing nation and is in danger of being lost to the USA.

7. Study Source E:What decision did the shaded in colonies make in regards to the question of Confederation?

8. Because they felt they were experiencing a shortage of land, one thing that Canada West hoped to achieve after Confederation was an expansion of territory. This would be accomplished by purchasing what?

9. Study Source F:The accompanying cartoon was published in the Canadian Illustrated News on July 9, 1870. Which one of the following statements best summarizes the point made by the cartoonist?

A. The Canadians oppose a change in their relationship to Britain.B. The Canadians are certain to be shipwrecked on Annexation Rock.C. The British know that the Canadians will easily reach Point Independence.D. The British government is prepared to risk the loss of Canada to the USA.

10. The correctly paired province and its prime motive for favouring Confederation isA. Ontario - representation by populationB. Nova Scotia - fear of a Fenian invasionC. Prince Edward Island - a transcontinental railwayD. Newfoundland - a reciprocity treaty with the USA

J. Study Source G:

Lower Canada pulls a Grand Trunk Railway cart driven by Upper Canada and carrying first-class passengers Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, while New Brunswick hovers overhead. The cart is followed by a caribou representing Hudson Bay, and leading figures representing "our religion, our language, our customs and our laws." The phrase "my country, my love" appears at the lower left.

This cartoonA. supported Confederation.B. opposed Confederation.C. showed Lower Canada in a leadership role.D. portrayed all regions as equal partners in Confederation.

Bonus: How do you know this is the best answer? Use details in the cartoon to support your statement. If correct, take a card from the deck and add it to your pile.

Q. Which group of people living in the territory were not included in the Confederation discussions? K. Which of the following best describes the term “federalism”?

a. Political power rests entirely with the national (central) governmentb. Political power rests entirely with the provincesc. Political power is shared by the provincial and central governmentsd. Political powers rests in with the monarchy

Questions1. Which Father of Confederation was called the “Lion of Quebec”? (Hint, he was a key member of the Great

Coalition)2. True or False: John A. Macdonald favoured a legislative union with a strong central government and without

provinces, but compromised by accepting a federal state with broad central powers and provinces with authority over local matters.

3. Which statement helps describe the BNA Act.a. Most of it was written in Canada by Canadiansb. It recognizes the monarch as the supreme authority in Canadac. It is full of compromisesd. All of the above

4. Under the British North America Act, which of the following is a provincial responsibility?a. educationb. coinage and currencyc. fisheriesd. postal service

5. Under the British North America Act, which of the following is a federal responsibility?a. defenseb. business licensesc. educationd. incorporation of companies

6. How did the way seats were distributed between Canada West and East in the United Province of Canada cause the problem of political deadlock on the 1860s?

7. For what 2 reasons were the colonies forced to start looking at increasing intercolonial trade instead of trade with other nations?

8. What key infrastructure would be needed if the colonies were going to trade with one another? What other benefit would the construction of this infrastructure provide? (You need to answer both of these in order to win the card.)

9. How did Britain’s position in regards to the American Civil War cause concern for the colonies of British North America?

10. Study Source H:Why would this anti-Confederation cartoon place George Brown in the position of “driving” Confederation? Why would he seem to be the great threat?

J. What was Britain’s position in regards to Confederation? Q. What responsibility do the federal and provincial governments share under the British North America Act?

a. currencyb. educationc. navigationd. taxation

K. A major reason that Newfoundland decided against joining Confederation wasa. They would have preferred to join the United States. b. They saw no benefit in the proposed railway that would result in higher taxes.c. They wanted to become their own independent country.d. They didn’t like the French Canadians and wanted no part in a country that would include Quebec

Answers1. B. It was never expected that Canada would be stronger than the USA2. D. The key with this quote is to note that all examples given reflect expansionist policies3. Each member of the assembly would represent the same number of people in a given population4. Ontario5. New Brunswick6. The Fenian raids convinced many people in New Brunswick of the need to join Confederation in order to improve

defenses against potential American threats. 7. Charlottetown PEI8. Loose Fish (mentioned in our discussions but not really noted in depth, loose fish contributed to the political deadlock

because they weren’t connected to any particular party and could swing the balance of power in the assembly.)9. The British North America Act10. Alaska J. John A Macdonald, George Etienne Cartier and George Brown Q. Discuss the idea of a Maritime Union K. Manifest Destiny

Answers1. They were Irish (Irish American to be more specific)2. Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia3. John A Macdonald4. To establish the terms of Confederation. This conference produced the 72 resolutions that would form the blueprint of

how Confederation would work.5. B. The figure on the chamber pot is destitute (broke) and looking forlorn6. D.7. Not to join8. They wanted Canada to purchase Rupert’s Land9. D10. A J. B. The cultural and religious elements represented in the cartoon are represented as being shackled and enslaved to

the “superior” culture of the English speaking colonies who are all in the drivers seat. Q. First Nations people were not included in Confederation discussions. K. C

Answers1. George Brown2. True3. D4. A5. A6. Seats were split 50/50 between Canada East and Canada West and all decisions required a majority vote from both

sides, this was known as a double majority. Since French and English and Conservative and Reform politicians rarely agreed, this caused deadlock

7. The British repealed the Corn Laws. The Americans ended the Reciprocity deal they had with the colonies.Both of these issues led to reduced exports to these markets

8. The intercolonial railroad. It would also help move troops quickly between the colonies to improve defenses9. Because of the importance of the textiles industry in Britain, Britain tended to pursue policies that generally favoured

the South. After the war, the American government were unhappy with Britain and the colonies became a potential target.

10. He promoted the idea of Representation by Population and was anti-French. Canada East saw this as a threat to their power and to their position within Confederation

J. They encouraged the colonies to unite and form their own country Q. D K. B

Source package

Source A:

Source B

Source C:

B

B

A

A C

C

D

D

Source D:

Source E:

Source F:

Source G:

Based on La Conféderation Quadrille Danse Nationale, Montréal, 1865

Source H: