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APA Referencing

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Outline of Presentation: Frequently Asked Questions 3 Steps in Referencing In-Text References: rules and examples End-Text References: rules and examples 3 Student ExercisesIntroduction to the online guide on APA

Referencing

© Central Institute of Technology 2014

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What is Referencing?Referencing is a method of acknowledging

sources of information that you have used in your written work.

The APA (American Psychological Association) 6th edition is the method now used at Central Institute of Technology.


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Why do you reference?• To show where you got the information from.• To demonstrate how much research you did.• To allow the reader (your lecturer) to be

able to find and check the information.

Study, 2007


When do you have to reference? If you:

1. quote (use someone else’s exact words)2. paraphrase (convert someone else’s ideas into your own

words)3. summarise (use a brief account of someone else’s ideas) 4. copy (use statistics, figures, tables, images)

Rottnest Island, 2008


When do you not need to give references?References are not required for items of general knowledge or

common knowledge.

Common knowledge includes facts that are well known within the community in which they are used.

An example:

Rottnest Island is home to the quokka which is an Australian native animal.

Quokka, 2008


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What if you don’t reference?Plagiarism is the term used when someone copies

another person’s ideas or opinions as their own and doesn’t acknowledge the original source of the information.

Plagiarism, whether deliberate or accidental, is a form of cheating and is not acceptable.

Remember, if you plagiarise in your assignment you may fail


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Where can referencing information be found ?

Book

On the title page for the title, author and publisher

On the back of the title page for the place and year of publication

Journal/Magazine

On the cover

On the second page

Down the spine


3 Steps in Referencing

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Step 1When taking notes for an essay topic, write down all the relevant bibliographic details of your information source.

For a book:

authoryear of publicationtitleedition place of publicationpublisher

Note taking, 2007


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Step 2 Insert a brief citation at the appropriate place within

the text of your essay where this information is used.

Example of an In-Text Reference:

(Langford, 2002, p. 22)


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Step 3 At the end of your assignment add a References

List containing your information sources with full citations.

Example of an End-Text Reference:

Langford, M. (2002). Basic photography. Oxford: Focal Press.


In-Text References

General Rules for In-Text References

Include:author’s surnameyear of publication (latest edition)page numbers (if appropriate)

Page numbers are not necessary when you summarise or paraphrase another person’s ideas or opinions Example: …(Jones, 2010) OR Jones (2010)…

Page numbers are only necessary when you use precise information or a quotationExample: …(Douglas, 2009, p. 22) OR Douglas (2009, p.22)…


End-Text References

General Rules for End-Text References

List references in alphabetical order by author or sponsor

Where there is no author or sponsor, use the title

Use italics or underlining to indicate titles

Separate each element of the citation with a full stop

Second and subsequent lines of a citation should be indented 5 spaces


Book author’s surname and initials

year of publication

title of book (underline or use italics)

edition (if not the first)

place of publication

publisher


Book with Single Author

Baker, C. (2004). Western Australia: Short stay guide. Sydney: Little Hills Press.


Book with Multiple Authors

Ashworth, S., Turner, R., & Egger, S. (2004). Western Australia. Footscray: Lonely Planet Publications.


Printed Journal or Magazine Article author’s surname and initials year of publication title of article name of journal or magazine (underline or use italics) volume number issue number or date page number(s)


Printed Magazine Article


Adam, C. (2010). Island dreaming. Travel Weekly, (130), 18-23.

Web Page

name of author or sponsor or organisationyear of creation (or update year)title of web page (underline or use italics)Retrieved from name of URL (web address)


http://www.ecotourism.org.au/index.asp

Copyright Ecotourism Australia © 2011

Web Page

Ecotourism Australia. (2011). Welcome to ecotourism Australia. Retrieved from http://www.ecotourism.org.au/index.asp


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Book author’s surname and initials year of publication title of book (underline or use italics) edition (if not the first)place of publicationpublisher

(NOW DO EXERCISE 1)


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Exercise 1: Answers

In-Text Reference:

(White, 2011)

Reference List:

White, T. (2011). The photographic handbook. London: Collins Publishers.


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Printed Journal or Magazine Article author’s surname and initials year of publication title of article name of journal or magazine (underline or use italics) volume number issue number or date page number(s)

(NOW DO EXERCISE 2)


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Exercise 2: Answers

In-Text Reference:

(Adams, 2010, p. 2)

Reference List:

Adams, T. (2010). Buying a new camera. Journal of Photography, 4(3), 2.


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Web Pagename of author or sponsor or organisationyear of creation (or update year)title of web page (underline or use italics)Retrieved from name of URL (web address)

(NOW DO EXERCISE 3)


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Exercise 3: Answers

In-Text Reference:

(National Geographic, 2013)

Reference List:

National Geographic. (2013). Photography. Retrieved from www.nationalgeographic. com/photography


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Remember!If you require further assistance with referencing:

Ask at the Library Service Desk

Email: [email protected]

Check out the online guide on APA Referencing at: http://campusguides.dtwd.wa.gov.au/central-apaesl


mailto:[email protected]

http://campusguides.dtwd.wa.gov.au/central-apaesl


Reference List for Images

Note taking. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.

Quokka [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from www.flickr.com/photos/johk/3234925638/

Rottnest Island [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/norahtsen78/3138180252/

Study [Image]. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.

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