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APA Referencing

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Outline of Presentation: Frequently Asked Questions 3 Steps in Referencing In-Text References: rules and examples End-Text References: rules and examples 4 Examples of End-Text References 3 Student exercisesIntroduction to the online guides on APA

Referencing

© Central Institute of Technology 2014

What is Referencing?Referencing is a method of acknowledging

sources of information that you have used in your written work.

The APA (American Psychological Association) 6th edition is the method now used at Central Institute of Technology.


Why do you reference? To acknowledge the source of information

and ideas of others. To show the breadth of your research. To allow the reader to be able to find and

verify the information.

Study, 2007


When do you have to reference? If you: quote (use someone else’s exact words) paraphrase (convert someone else’s ideas into your own

words) summarise (use a brief account of someone else’s ideas) copy (use statistics, figures, tables, images)

Rottnest Island, 2008


When do you not need to give references?References are not required for items of general knowledge or

common knowledge.

Common knowledge includes facts that are well known within the community in which they are used.

An example:

Auslan is the sign language of the Australian deaf community.


What if you don’t reference?Plagiarism is the term used when someone

copies another person’s ideas or opinions as their own and doesn’t acknowledge the original source of the information.

Plagiarism, whether deliberate or accidental, is a form of cheating and is not acceptable.

Remember, if you plagiarise in your assignment you may fail


Where can referencing information be found?

Book

On the title page for the title, author and publisher

On the back of the title page for the place and year of publication


3 Steps in Referencing

Step 1When taking notes for an essay topic, write down all the relevant bibliographic details of your information source. For a book:

authoryear of publicationtitleedition place of publicationpublisher

Note taking, 2007


Step 2 Insert a brief citation at the appropriate place within

the text of your essay where this information is used.

Includes: author’s surname, year of publication and page number(s)

Example of an In-Text Reference:

Robinson, 2003, p. 142


Step 3 At the end of your assignment add a Reference List

containing your information sources with full citations.

Example of an End-Text Reference:

Robinson, D. (2003). Becoming a translator (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.


In-Text References

General Rules for In-Text ReferencesInclude:

author’s surnameyear of publication (latest edition)page numbers (if appropriate)

Page numbers are not necessary when you summarise or paraphrase another person’s ideas or opinions Example: …(Jones, 2010) OR Jones (2010)…

Page numbers are only necessary when you use precise information or a quotationExample: …(Douglas, 2009, p. 22) OR Douglas (2009, p.22)…


End-Text References

General Rules for End-Text References

List references in alphabetical order by author

Where there is no author, use the title

Use italics or underlining to indicate titles

Separate each element of the citation with a full stop

Second and subsequent lines of a citation should be indented 5 spaces


Book author(s) surname and initials year of publication title of book (use italics) edition (if not the first) place of publication publisher


Book with Two Authors

Lee, J., & Buzo, A. (2009). Community language interpreting: A workbook. Annandale, NSW: Federation Press.


Book with an Editor


Venuti, L. (Ed.). (2004). The translation studies reader (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

Web Pageauthor’s surname and initials or sponsor or

organisationyear of creation (or update year)title of web page (use italics)Retrieved from name of URL (web address)



© Kimberley Interpreting Service

Kimberley Interpreting Service. (n.d.). How to work with Aboriginal interpreters. Retrieved from http://www.kimberleyinterpreting.org.au/i_workwith.html

Web Page http://www.kimberleyinterpreting.org.au/i_workwith.html

PDF from a Website

Queensland Health. (2007). Working with interpreters: Guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.health.qld.gov.au/multi cultural/interpreters/guidelines_int.pdf


Book author’s surname and initials year of publication title of book (underline or use italics) edition (if not the first)place of publicationpublisher

(NOW DO EXERCISE 1)


Exercise 1: Answers

In-Text Reference:

(White, 2011)

Reference List:

White, T. (2011). The photographic handbook. London: Collins Publishers.


Printed Journal or Magazine Article author’s surname and initials year of publication title of article name of journal or magazine (underline or use italics) volume number issue number or date page number(s)

(NOW DO EXERCISE 2)


Exercise 2: Answers

In-Text Reference:

(Adams, 2010, p. 2)

Reference List:

Adams, T. (2010). Buying a new camera. Journal of Photography, 4(3), 2.


Web Pagename of author or sponsor or organisationyear of creation (or update year)title of web page (underline or use italics)Retrieved from name of URL (web address)

(NOW DO EXERCISE 3)


Exercise 3: Answers

In-Text Reference:

(National Geographic, 2013)

Reference List:

National Geographic. (2013). Photography. Retrieved from www.nationalgeographic. com/photography


RememberIf you require further assistance with referencing:

Ask at the Library Service Desk

Email: [email protected]

Check out the online guide on APA Referencing on the library website @ www.central.wa.edu.au/library


mailto:[email protected]

http://www.central.wa.edu.au/library

Library Website: www.central.wa.edu.au/libraryLi

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Reference List for Images

Note taking. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.

Quokka [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from www.flickr.com/photos/johk/3234925638/

Rottnest Island [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/norahtsen78/3138180252/

Study [Image]. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.

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