Vietnam War 1954-1975 North Vietnam South Vietnam Hanoi Gulf of Tonkin Laos Cambodia Thailand China...
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Transcript of Vietnam War 1954-1975 North Vietnam South Vietnam Hanoi Gulf of Tonkin Laos Cambodia Thailand China...
Vietnam War
1954-1975
North Vietnam
South Vietnam
Hanoi
Gulf of Tonkin
Laos
Cambodia
Thailand
China
Burma
South China Sea
Smart Start: Part One1. What do we already know about Vietnam?
2. What more do we want to know? WHY?
3.Why would Vietnam be classified as one of the turning points in American History?
4.What are some justifiable reasons as to why a country would go to war?
Let’s talk history
Reading on Background of Vietnam
Practice Close Reading Highlight information that you feel is
important In the margins, briefly explain why you
highlighted the information Be ready to discuss
French Control French control Indochina –
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia from 1893-1941 (Age of Imperialism)
Japan takes over Indochina during WWII
Japan leaves Indochina in 1945 French want control again: WHY?
The French are backAfter WWII France assumes they
will get their colonies back1946 France sends troops into
Vietnam and gain control of southern half
1950 US enters Vietnam struggle and sends aid to France-WHY?
Primary Source: Vietnamese Account of
Mistreatment at the hands of French Colonial
Officials, 1914
Using historical thinking skills of Contextualization and Close Reading
Presenter on Ho Chi Minh
Ho Chi Minh
1930 became leader of the Indochinese Communist Party
During WWII was in Russia and China 1945 Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam
and independent state Asked Truman to honor
Atlantic Charter
Read Aloud: Call for the Revolutionary League for the Independence of Vietnam (1941)
Declaration of Independence for
Vietnam1945
VietminhGroup that wants
Vietnam’s independence
Formed in the
North under
Ho Chi Minh
Domino Theory (Read aloud US fears if one country falls to
communism after WWII it will be a domino effect
One country, then the next and so on 1954 Pres Eisenhower explains this
theory on tv 1954 French begin to pull out of
Vietnam after a defeat by the Vietminh http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QP9QDRDLw6c
Stop: Book Reading
Geneva Accords May – July 1954 France, Great Britain, Soviet Union, United
States, China, Cambodia, Laos and the Vietminh
Met in Geneva Switzerland Divide Vietnam at 17th Parallel North Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh – Hanoi South Vietnam – Ngo Dinh Diem – Saigon Elections to reunite in 1956
Handout on Diem
No Elections
Everyone realizes the communists will win the elections
Therefore the elections aren’t held and the country remains divided
Kennedy sends in military “advisors” to South Vietnam 16,000 (Early 1960’s)
Buddhist protests Diem is Catholic and limits rights of
Buddhists Most of the South believes in
Buddhism Buddhist monks burn themselves in
protest 1963 in the streets of Saigon Diem has hundreds arrested and
Buddhist temples destroyed
President KennedyInaugural Speech : “The Torch Is Passed”
What is the message behind this address?
What is going to be the mission of the JFK administration?
How does this set the tone for 1960s and Vietnam?
Kennedy’s View on Vietnam
Press Conference Statement What is the tone of Kennedy’s voice as
questioned about Vietnam?
Primary Source: One solider sister’s letter to the president..early 1963.
US can no longer support Diem
November 1, 1963US supports a coupOverthrow DiemDiem is executed against Pres
Kennedy’s wishes
Death of a President and its impact on the nation
Reading from textbook Conflict Deepens and fighting the war
Frustration grows
Presenter on Pres. Johnson
Presenter on Gulf of Tonkin
Gulf of Tonkin Johnson fears losing Vietnam South Vietnam is even more
unstable after Diems assassination August 4, 1964 Pres announces
North Vietnamese torpedo boats attached a US destroyer – NV say US ship was conducting a naval raid
US allege a second incident
Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionAugust 7, 1964 Pres Johnson gets
the support of CongressWithout having a formal declaration
of warCongress gives Pres Johnson
broad military powers in VietnamOperation Rolling Thunder –
bombing raids of NV begin
Presenter on Robert McNamara
The Best and the Brightest reading
Presenter on Gen. Westmoreland
General William Westmoreland
US commander in South Vietnam Continued to request more troops Work with ARVIN (Army of the
Republic of Vietnam) South Vietnamese soldiers
War of attrition – gradual wearing down of the enemy by continuous harassment
Video on Pres. Johnson
Reaction so far…Is it fair to placed the entire blame on Vietnam on Johnson?
If you were Johnson, what would you have done?
Be sure to explain your response to both questions.
Smart Start What made Vietnam so difficult to
tackle?
What is meant by a living room war?
How would this play into the difficulties with Vietnam?
Presenter on Weapons and Tactics
North Vietnamese TacticsHit and runAmbushBooby trapsLand minesElaborate tunnel system
connecting villages
US tacticsWar of attritionNapalm – gasoline based
bomb set fire to jungleAgent Orange – leaf killing
toxic chemicalSearch and Destroy
Presenter on Agent Orange and Napalm
Presenter on Landscape Video clip from Forest Gump
List what Forrest Gump encountered when they arrived in Vietnam
Reflect: What do we know so far about
Vietnam? Let’s take a more personal look at how
some Veteran’s experience changed them forever.
Reading Assignment:
Chapter 30: Section 3 (Vietnam years at Home)
Living Room War
Footage of combat appeared on the nightly news
What people saw was not what they were hearing from the government
Youth begin to protest
Media Role in Vietnam
As you listen/watch: take note on how media played a vital role in persuading public opinion of the conflict.
Presenter on Draft and Youth Protests
Draft 18-26 Deferments – medical, join National
Guard, college, marriage 80 % of US soldiers were from
lower economic levels African Americans accounted for
20% of deaths in Vietnam but only made up 10 % of US population
WomenStill non combat7500 army and navy nursesRed CrossUSO – United States
Organization – hospitality and entertainment of troops
ProtestsCollege campusesSit-insMarchesDoves = people that think the
US should withdrawHawks = use all US military
power to defeat North Vietnam
Johnson’s “Peace without Conquest” Speech Questions
1. What is the tone of the speech?
2. Why did Pres. Johnson give this speech? (Provide specific evidence from the speech)
3. Going back to our chart in the beginning, why must we go to war?
March on Washington April 1965 20,000 protestors 1966 Pres Johnson changed college
deferments – had to be in good academic standing
Small number of Vietnam vets protested the war as well
Presenter on the Music Credence Clear Revival “Fortu
nate Son”
Country Joe McDonald “We all gonna die”
Protests Songs
Edward Stanton “War”
Bryds: Turn, Turn, Turn.
8th of November (Big and Rich)
What is the tone
of the song?
What is the
message?
Reaction?
Presenter on the Tet Offensive
Tet Offensive January 30, 1968 Vietnamese New Year
Festival known as the Tet Part of celebration are funeral processions
with firecrackers, flutes Viet Cong hid weapons in coffins 100 South Vietnam cities were surprise
attached and 12 US air bases Went on for over one month VC = 32,000 ARVIN and US = 3000 soldiers
Nation turns on Johnson
After Tet Offensive Johnson’s popularity plummeted
Pres Johnson chooses not to run for reelection March 1968
Handout: Let’s see why the Nation turns
Violence in the US April 4, 1968 MLK, Jr assassinated 100 cities across the US erupted in
violence June 4, 1968 Robert Kennedy
assassinate College campuses continued to
have protests
1968: The year that changed everything
US Democratic Primary in Chicago
Delegates and protesters in Chicago Mayor Daily worried about violence Mobilized 12000 police and 5000
National Guard Protestors put in a park – chaos erupted Police beat protesters with nightsticks
and sprayed them with Mace The whole world watched on TV
Republican Nixon Wins During election campaign promised
to end the war in Vietnam By summer 1969, announced the 1st
US troops would withdraw from Vietnam
Vietnamization – plan to gradually withdraw US troops and the South Vietnamese take on the combat role
Video Clip of Nixon
Presenters on Nixon
Presenter on Secret War
Secret WarNixon ordered massive
bombing raids against supply lines and bases on North Vietnam
Bombed neighboring countries of Laos and Cambodia that had Viet Cong in the area
Presenter on Hmong
If not presenter: Read Article on the Hmong in the Secret War
Reflection
Hmong In mountains of LaosSome side with Viet CongSome side with US CIAUS allies help rescue downed
pilots, plant mines on Ho Chi Minh Trail, set up US air base in Northern Laos, and were pilots themselves
Presenter on Mai Lai Massacre
Mai Lai Massacre March of 1969 Massacre in the paper in
November 1969 Mai Lai small village in North Vietnam No signs of Viet Cong US military rounded up villagers and shot
them – 100 innocent women and children We were following orders 25 officers charged with massacre and cover-
up
Other Masacres
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tQtgo4hKsM&feature=fvsr
Invasion of Cambodia April 30, 1970 Nixon reports US
troops had invaded Cambodia to clear out supplies for Viet Cong
College students erupted in protest
1.5 million on 1200 campuses
Presenter on Kent State and Youth Protests
Kent State In OhioMay 4, 1970National Guard fired on a
crowd of student protestors throwing rocks at them
9 wounded 4 killed
Presenter on Pentagon Papers
Pentagon Papers
Nixon had not told Congress about Cambodia invasion
Nixon lost support December 31, 1970 Congress repealed
the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution June 1971 – former defense employee
7000 pages – plans that US govt never planned to end the war
Article on Pentagon Papers
Read through with a partner not near to where you are sitting
As you read, highlight important facts and details
After you read, go back and in the margins, write in your own words why you chose the detail/fact.
Nixon’s re-election 1972 Watergate – unknown at the time US and Vietnam had been
meeting Talks ended in December 1972 Nixon ordered Christmas
bombings 100000 bombs 11 days 2 cities –
Hanoi and Haiphong
“Peace with Honor”
Handout Examine the essential questions on
the handout as you listen and follow the speech.
Be ready to discuss your perspective of the speech
War is overJanuary 27, 1973 US signed and agreement
ending warNixon promised the use full force
if peace agreement was not keptMarch 29, 1973 last US combat
troops left for US
Nixon leaves office
August 8, 1974 Nixon goes on tv and says he will resign
Nixon admitted no guiltGerald Ford becomes the 38th
Pres of the USA
Fall of SaigonWithin two months the 1973 cease
fire between N and S was brokenMarch 1975 NV launched full scale
invasion of SVAmerica provided money but would
not send troopsApril 30, 1975 NV capture Saigon
and SV surrenders
Presenter on Paris Peace Accords
Presenter on Legacy of the War
Impact of WarUS 58000 killed 365000 woundedSV 1.5 million killedWar in CambodiaHmong that helped US no longer safe in Laos
flee to Thailand3.3 million soldiers PTSD1975 First Hmong refugees arrive in US1982 Vietnam Wall
http://www.diethelmtravel.com/upload/image/Live/P616L1/Indochina_map1.jpg http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/Gallery/parlt-hist/images/grounds-protest-modern.jpg http://www.cannabisculture.com/library/images/uploads/3302-Draft-dogers.jpg http://www.americanheritage.com/xml/2003/3/localassets/innews.jpg www.suburbanchicagonews.com/.../ intro.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1290000/images/_1293925_apnapalm300.jpg http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2003/111-3/agentorange.jpg http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1525000/images/_1527055_protest1963_150ap.jpg http://www.swisscastles.ch/vietnam/photos/cuchi0771-75.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem http://www.hq.usace.army.mil/history/vietnam_diagram.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.47ipsd.us/westy.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.47ipsd.us/
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en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Vietnam_War http://www.vietquoc.com/map2.jpghttp://tln.free.fr/cartes-postales/HMong.jpg http://www.uiowa.edu/~policult/assets/VietNam/KentState.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.vw.cc.va.us/vwhansd/HIS122/Images/KSU.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.vw.cc.va.us/
vwhansd/HIS122/HIS122NotesP2.html&h=475&w=717&sz=386&tbnid=rv93pYaHiisJ:&tbnh=91&tbnw=137&hl=en&start=4&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkent%2Bstate%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D
http://www.temple.edu/history/images/KentState1.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://campus.queens.edu/depts/history/Syllabi/H389%2520Scandals/Scandals%2520Photos/
Nixon%2520Resigns.jpg&imgrefurl=http://campus.queens.edu/depts/history/Syllabi/H389%2520Scandals/&h=190&w=233&sz=25&tbnid=TWu_r9wCjUUJ:&tbnh=84&tbnw=103&hl=en&start=6&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNIxon%2Bresigns%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://winds.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/fall_of_saigon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://winds.typepad.com/life/2004/10/&h=419&w=640&sz=129&tbnid=bNOVIauTLI8J:&tbnh=88&tbnw=134&hl=en&start=3&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfall%2Bof%2Bsaigon%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D
