Welcome to pupils fromRawmarsh Monkwood

Junior School

Today you will be meeting

Mistress Hester and Thomas

In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very

long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible.

The basic act was as follows:

•No child workers under 9 years of age •Employers must have a medical or age certificate for child workers •Children between the ages of 9-13 to work no more than 9 hours a day •Children between 13-18 to work no more than 12 hours a day •Children are not to work at night •Two hours schooling each day for children •Four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law throughout the whole of the country.

The 1833 Factory Act

Date Industry Details of law

1833 Textiles No child workers under 9 years Reduced hours for children 9-13 yearsTwo hours schooling each day for childrenFour factory inspectors appointed

1844 Textiles Children 8-13 years could work six half-hours a day Reduced hours for women (12) and no night work

1847 Textiles Women and children under 18 years of age could not work more than 10 hours a day.

1867 All Industries Previous rules applied to workhouses if more than 5 workers employed

1901 All Industries Minimum age raised to 12 years.

Factory Acts:

•What is light ?

Where does it come from ?How do we see it ?Sources of lightReflection of light

What is dark ?

•Can we see it ?•Is dark different to shadow?

There are no less than 270 diagrams of camera obscura in Leonardo's da Vinci’s notebooks, but Leonardo did not invent it.References can be found to the use of pinholes as cameras to a time before the birth of Christ.

Camera Obscura

Pinhole cameras are originally from over 2000 years ago.

The Camera Lucida, designed in 1807 by Dr. William Wollaston, was an aid to drawing It was a reflecting prism which enabled artists to draw outlines in correct perspective. No darkroom was needed.

Latin for 'light chamber',

Magic Lantern

Thaumatrope 1826

1832

Phenakistoscope

Enjoy your day with us