Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

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Economic analysis and market based instruments for biodiversity / species conservation Vic Adamowicz REES and Alberta Land Institute University of Alberta

description

Vic Adamowicz's presentation from SARA at 10 Years conference

Transcript of Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Page 1: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Economic analysis and market based instruments for biodiversity / 

species conservation Vic Adamowicz

REES and Alberta Land InstituteUniversity of Alberta

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Outline

• Economic analysis– A Case Study– Setting the stage for Market Based Instruments (MBIs)

• MBIs and Habitat / Biodiversity Conservation– Description– Canadian Examples– Advantages and Drawbacks

• Another case study• Conclusions

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A Case Study (Entem et al 2012)Milk River Watershed in SW Saskatchewan

• 14,923 km2

• Located in the southwest corner of Saskatchewan– Bounded to the west by Alberta and the south by Montana

• The primary land uses: – Agriculture 

• Ranches, Farms and Mixed Farms– Oil and Gas

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Historical Range Maps for a Subset of Species

(Entem et al 2012)

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Conservation Activities

Agriculture‐related activities considered:– Conservation easements– Reduced stocking rates– Conversion of hay/tame pasture and crops into native grassland

– Shelterbelts in hay/tame pasture and crop fields– Retaining uncut strips in hay fields– Planting native grassland buffers around crop fields

*Also considered oil and gas values in the region(Entem et al 2012)

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Spatial Distribution of Costs

(Entem et al 2012)

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Cost‐effectiveness Analysis: Cost Curves for Provision of Species at Risk

(Entem et al 2012)

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Cost Effectiveness of Multi Species Plans

(Entem et al 2012)

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Alternative Programs

(Entem et al 2012)

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Market Based Instruments (MBIs)• MBIs for Conservation

– Market Friction• e.g. Certification

– Price Based• e.g. Payments for Ecosystem Services (DU Reverse Auction)

– Quantity Based• e.g. Cap and Trade Systems (TDRs), Offsets (AB Grasslands, ACA )

• Why?– Achieve environmental goal at least cost– Incentives for conservation– Potential economies of scale, technological change?– Mechanism for stakeholder involvement

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Stirrett, S, R. Rolfe, and S. Shewchuk, 2012. The Invisible Hand’s GreenThumb; Market Based Instruments for  Environmental Protection In Alberta. Canada WestFoundation. Calgary, ABIsbn 1‐897423‐89‐9Page  7.

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Offsets (Coggan et al, 2010; Weber et al 2011, Sustainable Prosperity 2011)

• Voluntary versus Mandatory• Evaluation of offset

– Equivalence or more? Ratios?• Definition of the baseline 

– Additionality? Avoided disturbance?• Spatial aspects• Temporal aspects

– Timing of impacts and outcomes– Permanence?

• Risk• Monitoring• Banking provisions• Public versus Private Lands• Crowding out? 

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eftec, IEEP et.al (2010) The use of market‐based instruments for biodiversity protection –Thecase of habitat banking – Technical Report. (Pages 55 and 56)http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/index.htm

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Alberta Situation

• Alberta Land Stewardship Act– Setting targets, using market based instruments to achieve targets

• Voluntary Offsets• Offset Pilots• Other mechanisms being investigated

– Lease swapping– Transferable Disturbance Rights

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Case Study 2 ‐ Caribou

• Cost effectiveness analysis (Hauer, et al 2012)• Implications for Offsets?

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http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/8042.pdf

ASRD and ACA 2010

Woodland Caribou in Alberta

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Schneider et al 2012

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Costs per Self Sustaining Herd

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Percen

t

Self Sustaining Herds

Percent of Net Present Value

100755040

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Caribou Case

• Objectives– Habitat?– Population / Density?

• Predator control?• Accelerated reclamation? 

– By when?• Potential for Offsets

– Reclamation / regeneration  (“slow”)– Avoided disturbance (declining baseline?)– Predator control, etc. (?)– Combinations? 

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Weber et al, 2011. page 20. https://www.landuse.alberta.ca/Documents/LUF_Experimental_Evaluation_of_Offset_Design_Options_Research_Report‐2011‐11.pdf

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Conclusions

• Economic analysis can be used to provide information on cost‐effectiveness, identify approaches to provide incentives for conservation. 

• Market based instruments for biodiversity / species conservation in Canada– Relatively little experience– Considerable potential

• Market design is critical