VERIFUEL(– UNDERSTANDING(( MARINE(FUEL(conference14.diorama.gr/images/presentations/Bill-St... ·...

VERIFUEL – UNDERSTANDING MARINE FUEL

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2020 FUELS Bill Stamatopoulos

Nov 2018

© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS

Fuel DefiniCons

ü Ultra low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO), max 0.10% S ü Very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO), max 0.50% S ü Low sulphur fuel oil (LSFO), max 1.00% S ü High sulphur fuel oil (HSFO), above 1.00% S

ü LS MGO – max 0.10% S (no heaEng required) ü HS MGO – above 0.10% S (no heaEng required)


Sulphur % in crude and products

Sulphur Crude AGO L. VGO H. VGO Atm. Resid Vac. Resid

Doba 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.12

Statfjord 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.36 0.4 0.6

Brent 0.37 0.185 0.37 0.666 0.74 1.11

Khakhzastan 0.75 0.375 0.75 1.35 1.5 2.25

Zakum 1 0.5 1 1.8 2 3

Oman 2 1 2 3.6 4 6

Iran heavy 3.5 1.75 3.5 6.3 7 10.5


Majors: There will be enough compliant fuel

ü  Lukoil in the market; BP, Galp & Cepsa to follow ü  Shell: VLSFO in 13 ports US, Europe, ME, Africa and Singapore ü  EM: CompaEble VLFSO marine blends at 7 ports (80:20?) ü  Sinopec will supply VLSFO in 2019 iniEally in Chinese ports ü  SK InnovaEon plans to double markeEng volumes of VLSFO ü  Hyundai Oilbank will start supplying VLSFO in Oct 2019 Refineries producing HSFO will be the most threatened, the ones with min HSFO (coking, hydrocracking) see 2020 as opportunity to print cash


Blending:

AromaCcs: ü  Improve stability ü  NegaEve impact on igniEon properEes  

Paraffins: ü  May disturb stability ü  Improves igniEon properEes ü  Expensive product  

 GOAL: Balance between Paraffins and AromaEcs

Technical consideraCons

TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS

6

§  Historically, the controlling parameters for refiners or blenders have been viscosity and density, before Sulphur became so important

§  Suppliers and traders have had to

develop their methods so that increased blending acEviEes meet the required S content, albeit at the expense of the product’s overall quality

Blending

Parameters Sulphur > 1.50% Sulphur < 1.50%

Density (kg/m3) 980.5 986.4

Viscosity (mm2/s) 239 87

MCR (%m/m) 10.7 7.9

Sulphur (%m/m) 2.11 1.46

Calcium (mg/kg) 3 13

Al + Si (mg/kg) 18 66

CCAI 847 864


ü  Stability ü  CompaCbility: No guarantee that a vessel bunkering a 0.50% S at Roferdam will

then be able to pick up a compaEble fuel in Singapore as it goes east

ü West: Focusing on fuel oil soluEon (US/Europe – old refineries)

ü  East: Focusing on disEllate based soluEon (India/China – high tech refineries) ü  Acidity: Sweet crude sources with high Acid Number (e.g. DOBA)

ü  Viscosity: No minimum limit in ISO 8217, Table 2

ü  CCAI: Larger difference between viscosity and density



ü  Pour Point: ULSFO/VLSFOs close to max limits

ü  AddiEves may be applied to suppress PP. WAT can be significantly above PP (in blend comp A, WAT will be higher than 51C and cannot be suppressed by addiEves)

ü  The visc for blend comp A is “fairly high” (25 cSt) but what if this was lower. Worst case scenario would be that you have to heat the fuel in tanks, and in order to get it through separators and filters, then cool it down in order to inject (be careful not to cool too much as it would then go solid!)



Parameter Blend comp A Blend comp B

Density @ 15C, g/cm3 0.8787 0.8781

Sulphur, % m/m 0.131 0.352

Viscosity, cSt 6.249 (100˚C) 11.28 (100˚C)

Pour Point,˚C +51 +48


2 NEW VLSFOs


Parameters RMD 80 RMK 380

Density (kg/m3) 911.6 999.1

Viscosity (mm2/s) 35.4 325.0

MCR (%m/m) 2.77 11.6

Sulphur (%m/m) 0.48 0.49

Water % (V/V) 0.02 0.1

TSA % (m/m) 0.02 0.04

Pour Point (°C) 24 -‐12

Al + Si (mg/kg) 5 15

CCAI 803 862


Trials in USA with VGO


Test Unit Blend 1 (70% LS Vistar + 30% HTU2) Blend 2 (40% HS Vistar + 60% HTU2) Blend 3 (50% HCGO + 50% HTU2) Blend 4 (10% HCGO + 90% Reduced crude)

Density at 15 °C kg/m³ 956.2 914.9 945.5 945.6 Viscosity at 50 °C mm²/s 103.2 13.61 7,115 59.27

Flash Point Deg C 88.0 73.0 65.0 128.0

Pour Point Deg C -‐9 -‐30 -‐30 9

MCR % m/m 11.08 6.91 1.20 2.08

Ash content % m/m 0.014 0.019 0.004 0.011

TSP % m/m 0.05 0.07 <0.01 <0.01

Water % v/v 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.10 Sulphur % m/m 0.79 0.57 0.44 0.40 CCAI 832 825 871 829

Acid number mg KOH/g 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.21

Vanadium mg/kg 11 24 <1 2 Sodium mg/kg 4 17 2 4 Aluminium + Silicon mg/kg 33 <15 15 26 ULO metals -‐ free of free of free of free of TSA % m/m 0.20 0.27 0.01 <0.01 P-‐value 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.10

HCGO : HEAVY COKER GAS OIL HCO: HEAVY CYCLE OIL


ü  The Publically Available SpecificaEon (PAS 23263) for the interim period will provide detailed guidance to fuel suppliers and users on key idenEfied fuel characterisEcs/aspects such as stability and cold flow properEes (wax precipitaEon). Feedback on PAS to IMO by MEPC 74. PAS will help to deliver full revision of 8217 aver 2020

ISO 8217



ASTM D4740 – COMP. TEST


1 2 3 4 5

Not a reliable test method to use on ULSFO


New test methods for VLSFOs?


Test DescripCon Method

P – Value Stability/Maximum FlocculaEon RaEo and PepEzing Power

ASTM D7060

SARA Saturates, AromaEcs, Resins, Asphaltenes & composiEon (paraffinic content vs aromaEc)

IP469

WAT -‐ wax appearance temperature

DSC IP389

Phase transiCon temperature DSR / DeterminaEon of iniEal point of crystallizaEon DSR

CIMAC WG7 Fuels assists ISO 8217 hfp://www.cimac.com/working-‐groups/wg7-‐fuels/index.html


ü  Risk assessment and miEgaEon plan

ü  How many Bunker tanks does each vessel have (HFO + MGO)? When were the tanks last cleaned?

ü  How many Sefling and Service tanks does the vessel have (for change-‐over Eme)?

ü  Evaluate tanks (segregaEon, heaEng capacity) & fuel treatment systems (separators, filters)

ü  Need to change to a lower TBN cylinder oil?

ü  Fixed trade routes or spot market?

ü  How oven will the vessel be entering IMO’s ECAs?

ü  Introduce new bunker or charter party clauses

ü  De-‐bunkering of non-‐compliant fuel before the carriage ban

Preparing for 2020 fuels


ü  Empty tank (only unpumpables remains)

ü  Heat the fuel as much as possible (but <60°C)

ü  Manually remove the unpumpables

ü  Manually clean the tanks (preferably steam cleaned as well)

ü  Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel

ü  Consume almost all of the fuel (2% or less may remain) before 1 Jan 2020 so that the tank can be replenished with another batch of compliant 2020 fuel in the same tank

ü  Tank should be ready for 2020 regulaEons

Tank Cleaning   ….HFO tank to be used for VLSFO or MGO/MDO

  99% VLSFO 0.49% + 1% HSFO 3.35% = 0.52% S

  99% VLSFO 0.49% + 1.5% HSFO 3.35% = 0.535% S


ü  Empty tank (only unpumpables remains) -‐ Heat the fuel as much as possible (but <60°C)

ü  Add MGO or ULSFO in the tank (quanEty depending on tank volume)

ü  Let the MGO or ULSFO remain in the tank for at least 1 week (preferably while sailing)

ü  If possible, recirculate the fuel into the same tank as much as possible

ü  Empty tank (only unpumpable remains) by either debunkering or if possible, transfer to sludge tank

ü  Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel to max. safety limits. Try to get fuel with sulphur content <0.45%

ü  Consume all of the fuel (max 2% may remain) in the tank preferably at least 4 months before 2020

ü  Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel and take an engine inlet sample when at least 80% of the fuel in the tank has been consumed to test for S

ü  If S content >0.50%, repeat last three steps ü  If S content =<0.50%, then consume almost all of the fuel (2% or less should remain) before 1 Jan 2020 so

that the tank can be replenished with another batch of compliant 2020 fuel in the same tank

Tank cleaning


….HFO tank to be used for VLSFO or MGO/MDO


§  Prepare ship staff for: ü  Receiving different viscosiEes (ex.187 cSt in port A, 23 cSt

in port B). Remember, most of the staff are used to 380 cSt fuel that does not differ too much from one delivery to another

ü  SegregaEng each fuel by not mixing more than 95:5 raEo

ü  Study CerEficate of Quality (CoQ) carefully before bunker operaEon

Preparing for 2020 fuels

© Copyright Bureau Veritas

Update / Check Change-‐over procedures

HS TankInlet

InletLS Tank

200 ltr/hr

50 ltr

Sulphur 3.50 % m/m Sulphur 0.499 % m/mInitial Temp 135.0 °C Initial Temp 30.0 °C

120 Min

7.00 °C

57.14 ltr/hr

400.34 Ltr

Recommended Flow rate for max. temp. drop 2 °C / min

Total quantity of FO-‐LS used

Calculation with different Service Tanks

Supply Pump

Independent piping to the change over procedure (Piping A)Change over associated piping (Piping B)

Required Parameters

Capacity of Mixing tube & Piping B

VLSFO

Total F.O Consumption (M/E & D/Gs)

HSFO

Max. Temperature Drop / min

Mixing Tube

A BEngines

Change over time required to reach 0.1% S LogEXP doesn't work so I set the base for the LOG = 2.71828182845904

Booster Pump

© Copyright Bureau Veritas

§  Difficult to adapt to a new environment ü  Training ü  Knowledge sharing ü  CooperaEon

Conclusions

Thank you for your attention

[email protected]

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