VERBAL TENSES IN ENGLISH

PRESENT SIMPLE. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA AFIRMATIVA• I work• You work• He works• She works• It works• We work• You work• They work

FORMA NEGATIVA• I do not (don’t) work• You do not (don’t) work• He does not (doesn’t)

work• She does not (doesn’t)

work• It does not (doesn’t) work• We don’t work• You don’t work • They don’t work

PRESENT SIMPLE. SPELLING RULES

• Verbos acabados en “-y”.1- “-y” precedida de consonante: carry carries

2- “-y” precedida de vocal: stay stays

• Verbos acabados en “-o”.Go goes

• Verbos acabados en “-s”, “-ss”, “-sh”, “ch”, “-z”, “-x”.pass passeswash washesteach teachesrelax relaxes

Al verbo se le añade una sílaba, que suena /iz/

PRESENT SIMPLE. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

• FORMA INTERROGATIVA

• Do I work ?• Do you work ?• Does he work ?• Does she work ?• Does it work ?• Do we work ?• Do you work ?• Do they work ?

• RESPUESTAS BREVES• Yes, I do / No, I don’t• Yes, you do / No, you don’t• Yes, he does / No, he

doesn’t• Yes, she does / No, she

doesn’t• Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t• Yes, we do / No, we don’t• Yes, you do / No, you don’t• Yes, they do / No, they

don’t

ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA

• ALWAYS: siempre• ALMOST ALWAYS:

casi siempre• OFTEN: a menudo• USUALLY:

usualmente• SOMETIMES: a veces• HARDLY EVER: casi

nunca• NEVER: nunca

ALW

AY

S

ALM

OST A

LWA

YS

OFTEN

USU

ALLY

SOM

ETIMES

HA

RD

LY EV

ER

NEVER

Los adverbios de frecuencia de colocan delante del verbo

EXPRESIONES ADVERBIALESEXPRESIONES ADVERBIALES

• Every day, week, month..: todos los días, semanas, meses..

• At the weekend: el fin de semana• Once a week: una vez a la semana• Twice a week: dos veces a la semana• On Sundays...: los domingos..

Estas expresiones adverbiales se colocan al principio o al final de la frase

PRESENT CONTINUOUS. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA AFIRMATIVA• I am (I’m) working: yo estoy

trabajando• You are (you’re) working: tú estás

trabajando• He is (he’s) working: él está

trabajando• She is ( she’s) working: ella está

trabajando• It is (it’s) working: está trabajando• We are (we’re) working: estamos

trabajando• You are ( you’re) working: estáis

trabajando• They are (they’re) working: están

trabajando.

FORMA NEGATIVA• I am (I’m not) working: yo no

estoy trabajando• You are not (you aren’t) working:

tú no estás trabajando• He is not (isn’t) working: él no

está trabajando• She is not (isn’t) working: ella no

está trabajando• It is not (isn’t) working: no está

trabajando• We are not (we aren’t) working:

no estamos trabajando• You are not (you aren’t) working:

vosotros no estáis trabajando• They are not (they aren’t)

working: no están trabajando.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA INTERROGATIVA• Am I working?• Are you working?• Is he working?• Is she working?• Is it working?• Are we working?• Are you working?• Are they working?

SHORT ANSWERS• Yes, I am / No I’m not• Yes you are / No, you aren’t• Yes, he is / No, he isn’t• Yes, she is / No, she isn’t• Yes, it is / No, it isn’t• Yes, we are / No we aren’t• Yes, you are / No you aren’t• Yes, they are / No they

aren’t

PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR PROGRESSIVE. SPELLING RULES• Verbos acabados en “-e” muda ( no se pronuncia).

Write WritingAgree Agreeing ( La “-e” se mantiene porque suena en el infinitivo)

• Verbos acabados en “-y”.Carry Carrying (La “-y” se mantiene siempre)

Stay Staying

• Verbos de una sílaba con el esquema C+V+CStop StoppingRun Running

• Verbos acabados con el diptongo “-ie”Die DyingLie Lying

La consonante se dobla

El diptongo cambia a “-y”

ADVERBIOS Y EXPRESIONES ADVERBIOS Y EXPRESIONES ADVERBIALES CON PRESENT SIMPLE Y ADVERBIALES CON PRESENT SIMPLE Y

PRESENT CONTINUOUSPRESENT CONTINUOUSPRESENT SIMPLEPRESENT SIMPLE

• Always• Almost always• Usually• Sometimes• Hardly ever• Never• Every day• At the weekend• Once a week..• On Sundays..

PRESENT CONTINUOUSPRESENT CONTINUOUS• Now: ahora• Right now: ahora mismo• At the moment: en este

momento• These days,weeks..: estos

días, estas semanas..

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOPresent Simple Presente de indicativoExample: I teach English in a secondary school

Doy inglés en un instituto.

Present Simple Presente de subjuntivoExample: When I get home, I will ring you up.

Cuando llegue a casa te llamaré.

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOPresent Continuous Presente de estar +

gerundio

Example: What are you doing?

¿Qué estás haciendo?.

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOUn uso especial del Present Continuous or Progressive es para referirnos a nuestros planes o intenciones. En este caso, el Present Continuous or Progressive va acompañado de una referencia de tiempo futura ( tomorrow= mañana; next weekend= el fin de semana que viene). En este caso, el Present Continuous se traduce con la perífrasis: ir a hacer algo.Example: What are you doing tomorrow evening?

¿Qué vas a hacer mañana por la noche?

Tomorrow evening I’m going out for dinner

Mañana por la noche voy a cenar fuera

PAST SIMPLE. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA AFIRMATIVA• I worked• You worked• He worked• She worked• It worked• We worked• You worked• They worked

FORMA NEGATIVA• I did not (didn’t) work• You did not (didn’t) work• He did not (didn’t) work• She did not (didn’t)work• It did not (didn’t) work• We did not (didn’t)work• You did not (didn’t) work• They did not (didn’t)

work

PAST SIMPLE. SPELLING RULES

• Verbos acabados en “-y”.1- “-y” precedida de consonante: carry carried

2- “-y” precedida de vocal: stay stayed

• Verbos acabados en “-e”. advise advised

• Verbos de una sílaba con el esquema C+V+CStop StoppedPlan Planned

• Verbos de dos sílabas con el esquema C+V+C cuya última sílaba es tónica (se pronuncia con más fuerza)

PreFER PreferredPerMIT Permitted

La consonante se dobla

La consonante se dobla

PAST SIMPLE. PRONUNCIATION RULES

La terminación “-ed” tiene tres pronunciaciones diferentes: /d/ - /t/ - /id/.Pronunciamos /id/, por tanto añadimos una sílaba más al verbo, cuando éste acaba en sonido dental, esto es, sonido /d/ o sonido /t/.Ejemplo: Start Started

End EndedID

PAST SIMPLE. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

• FORMA INTERROGATIVA• Did I work ?• Did you work ?• Did he work ?• Did she work ?• Did it work ?• Did we work ?• Did you work ?• Did they work ?

• RESPUESTAS BREVES• Yes, I did / No, I didn’t• Yes, you did / No, you

didn’t• Yes, he did / No, he didn’t• Yes, she did / No, she didn’t• Yes, it did / No, it didn’t• Yes, we did / No, we didn’t• Yes, you did / No, you

didn’t• Yes, they did / No, they

didn’t

IRREGULAR VERBS

Hay unos verbos en inglés que no siguen la regla de la terminación “-ed” para formar el pasado. Estos verbos tienen su propia forma de pasado y constituyen el grupo de verbos llamado verbos irregulares.

Fall FellWrite Wrote

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOPast Simple Pretérito Perfecto Simple de IndicativoExample: I worked very late yesterday.

Trabajé hasta muy tarde ayer.

Past Simple Pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ara;-ase)Example: If I saw him today.......

Si lo viera / viese hoy.......

PAST CONTINUOUS. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA AFIRMATIVA• I was working• You were working• He was working• She was working• It was working• We were working• You were working• They were working

FORMA NEGATIVA• I was not (wasn’t) working • You were not (weren’t)

working• He was not (wasn’t) working• She was not (wasn’t) working• It was not (wasn’t) working• We were not (weren’t)

working• You were not (weren’t)

working• They were not (weren’t)

working

PAST CONTINUOUS. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA INTERROGATIVA• Was I working?• Were you working?• Was he working?• Was she working?• Was it working?• Were we working?• Were you working?• Were they working?

SHORT ANSWERS• Yes, I was / No I wasn’t• Yes you were / No, you

weren’t• Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t• Yes, she was / No, she wasn’t• Yes, it was / No, it wasn’t• Yes, we were / No we weren’t• Yes, you were / No you

weren’t• Yes, they were / No they

weren’t

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOPast Continuous Pretérito Imperfecto de Indicativo (-aba;-

ía)

Example: She was driving very fast.

Conducía muy rápido.

Past Continuous Perífrasis verbal: estaba + gerundio.

Example: We were having a good time.

Nos lo estábamos pasando bien.

PAST CONTINUOUS AND PAST SIMPLE IN A SENTENCE

En una frase podemos combinar el Past Simple con el Past Continuos or Progressive. El Past Continuous se refiere a lo que estaba sucediendo mientras que el Past Simple se refiere a lo que de repente pasó mientras algo ya estaba ocurriendo.En estos casos las conjunciones que usamos para unir estas acciones son when: cuando; while: mientrasExample: The teacher was writing on the board when the bell rang.

El profesor escribía/ estaba escribiendo en la pizarra cuando sonó el timbre.

The teacher was writing on the board

The bell rang

PAST PERFECT. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA AFIRMATIVA• I had worked• You had worked• He had worked• She had worked• It had worked• We had worked• You had worked• They had worked

FORMA NEGATIVA• I had not (hadn’t) worked• You had not (hadn’t)

worked• He had not (hadn’t)

worked• She had not (hadn’t)

worked• It had not (hadn’t) worked• We had not (hadn’t)

worked• You had not (hadn’t)

worked• They had not (hadn’t)

worked

PAST PERFECT. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA INTERROGATIVA• Had I worked?• Had you worked?• Had he worked?• Had she worked?• Had it worked?• Had we worked?• Had you worked?• Had they worked?

SHORT ANSWERS• Yes, I had/ No I hadn’t• Yes you had / No, you

hadn’t• Yes, he had / No, he hadn’t• Yes, she had / No, she

hadn’t• Yes, it had / No, it hadn’t• Yes, we had / No we hadn’t• Yes, you had / No you

hand’t• Yes, they had / No they

hadn’t

PAST PERFECT DE UN VERBO IRREGULAR

Como hemos visto en las anteriores diapositivas el past perfect se forma con had + participio, cuya terminación es igual que la del pasado de un verbo regular, esto es, con la terminación “-ed”.De nuevo tenemos el problema de los verbos irregulares. El participio de estos verbos tiene su propia forma y por tanto habrá que aprender dicho participio. Por ejemplo:Write Witten You had writtenKnow Known She had known

USE OF PAST PERFECT

El past perfect se usa para describir una acción pasada que es anterior a otra pasada.

Example: I had laid the table before my guests arrivedHabía puesto la mesa antes de que llegaran

mis invitados¿Qué acción sucede en primer lugar? Poner la mesaPor tanto el verbo va en past pefect

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOPast Perfect Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de indicativo

I had made a reservation before we arrived at the hotel

Había hecho una reserva antes de que llegáramos al hotel

Past Perfect Pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo

If I hadn’t made a reservation before....

Si no hubiera/ hubiese hecho antes una reseva......

WAYS OF EPRESSING FUTURE. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA AFIRMATIVA• I will work• You will work• He will work• She will work• It will work• We will work• You will work• They will work

FORMA NEGATIVA• I will not ( won’t) work• You will not ( won’t) work• He will not ( won’t) work• She will not ( won’t) work• It will not ( won’t) work• We will not ( won’t) work• You will not ( won’t) work• They will not ( won’t) work

WAYS OF EPRESSING FUTURE. WILL.TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA INTERROGATIVA• Will I work?• Will you work?• Will he work?• Will she work?• Will it work?• Will we work?• Will you work?• Will they work?

SHORT ANSWERS• Yes, I will/ No I won’t• Yes you will / No, you won’t • Yes, he will / No, he won’t• Yes, she will / No, she won’t• Yes, it will / No, it won’t• Yes, we will / No we won’t• Yes, you will / No you won’t• Yes, they will / No they

won’t

USE OF WILL

PREDICTIONSPeople will live longer and so life expectancy will increaseLas persona vivirán más y por tanto la expectativa de vida aumentará.

I’m afraid the prices of flats will not (won’t) go down.Me temo que los precios de los pisos no bajarán.

USE OF WILL

PROMISESI promise I wont’ let you down.Prometo que no te defraudaré.

OFFERINGS ( SHALL I....?)Shall I get you a drink?

¿Quieres que te ponga algo de beber?

SUGGESTIONS ( SHALL WE...?)

Shall we dine out tonight?¿Quieres que salgamos cenar esta noche?

USE OF WILL

USE OF WILL

SPONTANEOUS DECISIONSYOU HAVE LEARNT YOU HAVE WON THE LOTTERY. YOUR FIRST REACTION IS : I will buy a big house!YOU SEE YOUR NEIGHBOUR CARRYING TWO HEAVY BAGS. YOUR REACTION IS: I will help you.YOU SEE SOMEONE HAS BEEN ROBBED. YOUR FIRST REACTION IS: I will phone the police!

WAYS OF EPRESSING FUTURE. BE GOING TO . TO WORK

(TRABAJAR)AFFIRMATIVE FORMI am( I’m) going to workYou are( you’re) going to workHe is (he’s) going to workShe is (she’s) going to workIt is (it’s) going to workWe are (we’re) going to workYou are (you’re) going to workThey are (they’re) going to work

NEGATIVE FORM I am notgoing to workYou are not (aren’t) going to workHe is not (isn’t) going to workShe is not (isn’t) going to workIt is not (isn’t) going to workWe are not (aren’t) going to workYou are not (aren’t) going to workThey are not (aren’t) going to work

WAYS OF EPRESSING FUTURE. BE GOING TO . TO WORK

(TRABAJAR)INTERROGATIVE FORMAm I going to work?Are you going to work?Is he going to work?Is she going to work?Is it going to work?Are we going to work?Are you going to work?Are they going to work?

SHORT ANSWERS• Yes, I am / No I’m not• Yes you are / No, you aren’t• Yes, he is / No, he isn’t• Yes, she is / No, she isn’t• Yes, it is / No, it isn’t• Yes, we are / No we aren’t• Yes, you are / No you aren’t• Yes, they are / No they aren’t

USES OF BE GOING TO

PLANS AND INTENTIONS (Ir a hacer algo)This year I’m going to learn English!Este año voy a aprender inglés.

USES OF BE GOING TO

IMMEDIATE FUTURE(Futuro inmediato, algo está a punto de suceder)

A: The sky is very cloudyB: Yes. It’s going to rain.

Sí.Va a llover

WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

HAZ CLICK AQUÍ PARA IR A LA DIAPOSITIVA CORRESPONDIENTE

PRESENT PERFECT. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA AFIRMATIVA• I have worked• You have worked• He has worked• She has worked• It has worked• We have worked• You have worked• They have worked

FORMA NEGATIVA• I have not / haven’t worked• You have not / haven’t worked• He has not / hasn’t worked• She has not / hasn’t worked• It has not / hasn’t worked• We have not / haven’t worked• You have not / haven’t worked• They have not / haven’t

worked

PRESENT PERFECT. TO WORK (TRABAJAR)

FORMA INTEROGATIVA• Have I worked?• Have you worked?• Has he worked?• Has she worked?• Has it worked?• Have we worked?• Have you worked?• Have they worked?

SHORT ANSWERS• Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t• Yes you have / No, you haven’t• Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t• Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t• Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t• Yes, we have / No, we haven’t• Yes, you have / No, you

haven’t• Yes,they have /No, they

haven’t

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOPresent Perfect Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto

I have travelled to many different countries

He viajado a muchos países diferentesShe has met a lot of celebrities in her career as a journalistHa conocido a muchos famosos en su profesión como periodista.

ADVERBIOS USADOS CON PRESENT ADVERBIOS USADOS CON PRESENT PERFECTPERFECT

EVER: alguna vez. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio). Ejemplo: Have you ever seen a falling star?: ¿Has visto alguna vez una estrella fugaz?

NEVER: nunca. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio). Ejemplo: I have never been to the USA: Nunca he estado en los Estados Unidos.

JUST: Con este adverbio nos referimos a acciones muy recientes, por tanto lo traducimos como acabar de hacer algo. Se coloca antes del verbo principal

(del participio).Ejemplo: -Is Claudia in? –Yes, she has just arrived. – ¿Esta Claudia?- Sí, acaba de llegar.

RECENTLY: recientemente. Podemos usar este adverbio en distintas posiciones dentro de la frase. Ejemplo: Have you been on a diet recently? (final de la frase)

¿Te has puesto a dieta recientemente? I have recently re-read “Cien Años de Soledad” (antes del participio) :

He vuelto a leer recientemente “Cien Años de Soledad”.

DIFERENCIAS ENTRE PRESENT PERFECT Y PAST SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT1- Preguntamos si alguien ha hecho alguna vez

en su vida:Ejemplo: Have you ever eaten snails? ¿Has comido alguna vez caracoles?

2- Decimos lo que hemos hecho en nuestra vidaEjemplo. I have eaten snails. He comido caracoles

3- Usamos el present prefect con referencias de tiempo que aún no han acabado .como por ejemplo: this year, today..Ejemplo: I’ve seen Carla today. Hoy he visto a Carla

PAST SIMPLEPAST SIMPLE1- Preguntamos cuándo hizo alguien algo.

Ejemplo: When did you eat snails? ¿Cuándo comiste caracoles?

2- Decimos cuándo hicimos algo. Evidentemente acompañaremos esta frase con una referencia de tiempo pasada. Ejemplo: I ate snails when I was a child. Comí caracoles cuando era niño.

3- Usamos el past simple con referencias de tiempo ya acabadas, como por ejemplo: last year, yesterdayEjemplo; I saw Carla yesterday. Ayer vi a Carla

ADVERBIOS USADOS CON PRESENT ADVERBIOS USADOS CON PRESENT PERFECTPERFECT

ALREADY: Ya. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio) y en oraciones afirmativas. Ejemplo: They have already finished their work so they are going home. Ya han acabado su trabajo así que se van a casa.

YET: Este adverbio tiene dos significados diferentes según el tipo de oración. Veamos:

1- oraciones interrogativas: ya. Su posición es al final.Ejemplo: Have you sent all these emails yet? ¿Has enviado

ya todos estos correos?2- oraciones negativas: todavía. Su posición es al final.Ejemplo: No I haven’t sent them yet. No, todavía no los he enviado.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. TO WORK

(TRABAJAR)FORMA AFIRMATIVA

• I have been working• You have been working• He has been working• She has been working• It has been working• We have ben working• You have been working• They have been

working

FORMA NEGATIVA• I have not / haven’t been

working• You have not / haven’t been

working• He has not / hasn’t been

working• She has not / hasn’t been

working• It has not / hasn’t been

working• We have not / haven’t been

working• You have not / haven’t been

working• They have not / haven’t been

working

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. TO WORK

(TRABAJAR)FORMA INTEROGATIVA

• Have I been working?• Have you been

working?• Has he been working?• Has she been working?• Has it been working?• Have we been working?• Have you been working?• Have they been

working?

SHORT ANSWERS• Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t• Yes you have / No, you haven’t• Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t• Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t• Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t• Yes, we have / No, we haven’t• Yes, you have / No, you

haven’t• Yes,they have /No, they

haven’t

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOEl Present Perfect Continuous equivale a nuestra perífrasis: haber estado haciendo algo.En este sentido, su uso es muy parecido al del present perfect + just: acabar de hacer algo.Ejemplo: -What’s the matter? You have tears in your eyes! ¿Qué pasa? ¡Tienes lágrimas en los ojos! - Don’t worry. I have been peeling onions. No te preocupes. He estado pelando cebollas

USOS ESPECIALES DE PRESENT PERFECT (CONTINUOUS) CON

FOR/SINCE.• Es muy frecuente usar ambos tiempos verbales

con las preposiciones de tiempo for y since. Son frases del tipo:I have been a teacher for 23 years.Soy profesor desde hace veintitrés años.I have been living in Madrid since 1975.Vivo/Llevo viviendo en Madrid desde 1975.Llama la atención como he traducido estas frases ¿verdad?

USOS ESPECIALES DE PRESENT PERFECT (CONTINUOUS) CON

FOR/SINCE.• En primer lugar hay que saber que usamos el present perfect simple

o el present perfect continuous con for/since para referirnos a acciones que empezaron en el pasado pero que todavía se continúan en el presente.

I became a teacher

1987 2010

I am a teacher

I have been a teacher for 23 yearsSoy profesor desde hace 23 añosI have been a teacher since 1987Soy profesor desde 1987

USOS ESPECIALES DE PRESENT PERFECT (CONTINUOUS) CON

FOR/SINCE.DIFERENCIAS ENTRE FOR Y SINCE.FOR: se usa para indicar la cantidad de tiempo que llevamos haciendo algo.Ejemplo: I have been studying sign language for four months: Llevo estudiando/estudio lengua de signos desde hace cuatro meses.SINCE: se usa para indicar el momento o fecha exacta en que empezamos a hacer algo.Ejemplo: I have been studying sign language since October: Llevo estudiando/estudio lengua de signos desde octubre.

EXPRESIONES CON FOR/SINCE

FOR• Three minutes• Two hours• Some weeks (unas, algunas semanas)• One month• Many years• Ages (mucho tiempo)• A long time (mucho tiempo)• ......

Como se ve con estos ejemplos, siempre usamos for con expresiones referidas a cantidades de tiempo.

SINCE• Nine o’clock• Yesterday• Thursday• 2006• Last Christmas• I was a child (era niño)• I first saw you... (te vi por primera vez)• .......

Como se ve a partir de estos ejemplos, usamos since con expresiones de tiempo exactas, que nos marcan el comienzo de una acción.

HOW LONG WITH PRESENT PERFECT (CONTINUOUS).

Es muy frecuente usar el Present Perfect Simple y el Present Perfect Continuous en interrogativas con how long.En este caso lo traducimos al castellano como:

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que

Ejemplos: How long have you been a teacher?¿Cuánto tiempo hace que eres profesor?

How long have you been living in Madrid?¿Cuánto tiempo hace que llevas viviendo en Madrid?

haces algo?

llevas haciendo algo?

EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES EN

CASTELLANOCuando usamos el Present Perfect Simple (have/has+participio) o el Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been+ing) con las preposiciones For /Since la equivalencia en castellano es: 1- Presente de indicativo2- Llevar haciendo algo x tiempo.Ejemplos:1- I have known my English teacher since October: Conozco a mi profesor de inglés desde octubre.2- I have been teaching for 23 years: Llevo dando clase desde hace 23 años.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

CON FOR/SINCE.Por último saber cuándo usar Present Perfect Simple (have/has+participio) y cuándo Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been+ing).

Present Perfect SimplePresent Perfect SimpleNon-action verbs: be – have (cuando expresa posesión) – know- love-hate...Ejemplos:I’ve had this car since 1999: tengo este coche desde 1999They have known their teacher for four months: Conocen a su profesor desde hace cuatro meses.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

CON FOR/SINCE.Present Perfect ContinuousPresent Perfect Continuous

Action verbs: Verbos que describen una acción, en vez de un estado, como en la diapositiva anteriorEjemplos:I’ve been working as a teacher since 1987: Trabajo / Llevo trabajando de profesor desde 1987They have been learning English with Jesús for four months: Llevan aprendiendo inglés con Jesús (desde hace) cuatro meses.