Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500...

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Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after 500 BCE IDs: Brahmans, karma, Mahavira, Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), d. 483 BCE

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Transcript of Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500...

Page 1: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Vedic India

I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCEII. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCEIII. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism,

after 500 BCE

IDs: Brahmans, karma, Mahavira, Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), d. 483 BCE

Page 2: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Argument

The Vedic religion provided a united identity for people in north India. It began as a tribal faith which emphasized sacrifice and evolved into an ethical religion - Hinduism – around 500 BCE.

Page 3: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Indus River Civilization (3500-2000 BCE)

IndiaPakistanBangladesh

Himalaya Mtns.Punjab

Page 4: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

2000-1600 BCE: Crisis & collapse of Indus River Culture

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Vedic Nomads Invade, ca. 1500 BCE

• Indo-European• Vedic peoples

(Aryans)• Dravidians

Vedic Age, 1500-500 BCE

Page 6: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

I. Stage 1: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE

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A. HistoryVedic People brought

• Horses• Chariots• Iron tools & weapons

Page 8: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Settled Ganges River Valley

• Pastoral agricultural• Villages & no cities

Page 9: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

B. Caste (varna) in early Vedic Age

brahmankshatriyasvaisyasShudras

Page 10: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

C. Religion in early Vedic Age

• Brahmans• Vedas• Sanskrit• Rig Veda, ca. 1500 BCE• Indra

Page 11: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Emphasis on Sacrifice

• Proper rituals• Sacrifices to gods• Cosmic order• Brahmans

Page 12: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

II. Stage 2: Late Vedic Age (1000-500 BCE)

A. HistoryMany small statesRajas

Growth of towns

Page 13: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

B. Caste System Develops

Jatis/sub-castesoutcastes/

untouchablespurity

Page 14: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

C. New religious ideas from late Vedic Age

• karma• transmigration of souls

(reincarnation)• dharma

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Philosophy & Written Texts

Upanishads (700 BCE)Brahmanatman

Page 16: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

III. Stage 3: Hinduism“Spiritual Age”: 6th -4th c. BCE

A. Mahavira JainismAsceticismNon-violence

Page 17: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

B. Dissatisfaction with Brahman leadership: Popular texts

• Mahabharata (written down 200 BCE)

• Bhagavad Gita• Krishna• Arjuna

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C. Early Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563 – 483 BCE)

the Buddha (the Enlightened One)

GangesBodhi tree (bo)

Page 19: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Four Truths

1.Life is full of suffering.2.Suffering is caused by desires.3.The only way to rise above suffering is to

renounce desire.4.One can only do this by following Noble

Eightfold Path.

Page 20: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Goals

rid self of desire & the illusion of separate identity

reach nirvana (contentment and extinction)

By following Noble Eightfold Path

Page 21: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

The Buddha’s Footprints

Limestone carving on stupa, India

1st c. BCE

Page 22: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Sangha (Order)

• monks• nuns

Page 23: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

The Three Jewels“I go for refuge to

the Buddha.I go for refuge to

the Doctrine (dharma).

I go for refuge to the Order (sangha).”

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D. Religious Changes in South Asia (in Hinduism)

Emergence of Popular Cults

• Shiva• Vishnu• Krishna

Page 25: Vedic India I. Stage One: Early Vedic Age, 1500-1000 BCE II. Stage Two: Later Vedic Age, 1000-500 BCE III. Stage Three: Hinduism & Early Buddhism, after.

Stage One1500 – 1000 BCEEarly Vedic Religion

Stage Two(1000 BCE – 600 BCE)

History: Tribal organization, migration into north India, settlement, domination by Brahmins & kshatriya

Text: Rig Veda

Religion: Brahmins (priests), sacrifice, caste, obedience

Human Needs: Identity (caste)Security

History: Many small states governed by kshatriya; growth of towns

Text: Upanishads

Religion: elaboration of caste system, karma, reincarnation, dharma

Human Needs:IdentitySecurityAnswers

Stage Three(600 BCE – 500 BCE)Hinduism & Buddhism

History: Dissatisfaction, towns, tradeTexts: Mahabharata, RamayanaReligion: Mahavira & non-violence; Buddha & 4 Noble Truths

Human Needs:Answers Personal Connection

Development of Vedic Religion into Hinduism


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