1VECTO April 2013

Your Partner in Success

Issue 1 Vol. 1: June 2013The official publication of Vecto Petroleum

VECTO: Leading the way in energy resource solutions

Pure or paraffin?Paraffin in diesel WILL cost you in the long-run

INSIDE: DIRTY DIESEL INSERT... The ugly truth about fuel contamination

It’s a lovely summer morning. I rush off to the nursery to col-lect a client’s order of succulents.

The beautiful green ‘spekboompies’ grab my attention and I ask Ferdie to grab an extra one for my garden. Later that day, however, my ‘spekboompie’ is but a distant memory; one of the workers left an open can of diesel on the back of the truck, resulting in my little tree being doused in diesel.

The little leaves had already started changing colour and the soil was soaked with diesel. Angry, I put the destroyed tree behind the Wendy house to discard it later on.

Two weeks later, while looking for my blue watering can, I headed over to the Wendy house. My jaw dropped open as I noticed that a tiny piece of the dead, diesel-soaked tree had survived!

I picked up the pot and gazed in awe at the natural won-der. One branch of the tree remained green and was working hard to push out new leaves. I grabbed the pruning shears, cut off the healthy twig, filled a pot with compost, added some earthworms (with an extra one just for the love) and planted the twig. If this plant was so desperate to survive, well then, it deserved all the extra love and attention I could give it.

As I sat on my knees beside the pot I thought of all the women who surround me. I thought about how many of us just seem to survive despite the ‘diesel’ that has been spilled on us. We hold on, we hold out, we keep sprouting new leaves during trying times. Even when the soil in which we have been planted has died and lost its value, we remain alive, just like this little tree.

My prayer for you is that you hang in there with your eyes firmly focused on God; That you will envelop yourself in His love; That you will continue to be grateful for the sun that shines on you through good and bad; That you will never stop praying and dreaming of a the day that you will be replanted in better soil. I know that God has planned for each one of us a pot with fertile soil and an extra earthworm just for love!

This column was origi-nally published in Jou-wêreld e-tydskrif under the title Pot Vol Lewe.Translated for use in Vecto.

Tree of lifeBy: Venessa Vivier

EDITORIAL:Editor-in-Chief – Corné Liebenberg

Managing Editor – Fiona MoscaCreative Director – Gwynedd Peters

PUBLISHERS:Main Angel Publishing

462 Grysbok Street, Waterkloof Ridge

Tel: 012 347 3630Fax: 086 242 0031

e-mail: info@mainangel.co.za

IMAGES:Shutterstock, MediaClubSouth-

Africa.com; Stock Xchange, Vecto Petroleum, iStock.

All editorial, business and produc-tion correspondence should be ad-dressed to Main Angel Publishing: PO Box 4708, Rietvalleirand, 0174.

Unless otherwise agreed to, all contributions are the property of

Vecto Magazine, and its publishers. The editor and publisher reserve the right to alter copy and visual mate-

rial as deemed necessary.The opinions expressed in Vecto

Magazine are not necessarily those of the publishers or Vecto Petro-leum, its suppliers, subsidiaries or

affiliates.

© Copyright Main Angel Publish-ing. All rights reserved.

Issue 1 Vol. 1 June 2013

Tree of life 2Map: Vecto depot network 6Who is Vecto? Leading the way in energy resource solutions 8

Meet the Vecto team 12Meet our agents: Nico du Randt 14Customer testimonial: Frikkadol Transport 15Meet the fleet 16Out and about 18Don’t Panic: SARS’ approach to diesel rebate 22The answer is in the smoke: What are your exhaust fumes telling you? 39

Diesel Gas Africa: Cost-effective fuel saving 4050ppm Vs. 500ppm: The difference explained 44Standing the test of time: Mega Lube: Leaders in the grease and lubricants industry 48

Shedding some light on fuel contamination 26Diesel contamination can wreck your rig 28Pure or paraffin? Paraffin in diesel will cost you in the long-run 32

Dealing with dirty diesel: Fleet owner tips 34Diesel 101: Diesel dilution explained 35Fuel saving for truck drivers - WIN a Tablet! 37

Contents

Dirty Diesel Insert

WIN a Tablet!See

pg. 37

4

Vecto offers better quality at a lower cost... how is this possible?

The answer is really quite simple. Vecto buys directly from suppliers and cuts out unnecessary middlemen; we have a nationwide distribution network, and use our massive volumes to negotiate better prices for our customers. We can afford to invest considerable funds in unique technology that make us the market leaders when it comes to innovative, cost-saving technologies. Vecto offers a variety of unique and exclusive services to customers, increasing the company’s competitiveness and professionalism.

Dearest Vecto agents, customers and future clients,

Welcome to the first quarterly issue of our very own Vecto magazine. Every individual and business who deems petroleum products to be a necessary yet costly evil will find our magazine invaluable.

Vecto aims to sweep clean the diesel market which has been tarnished by the current surge in mixed diesel which is being distributed far and wide. We want to return a sense of honesty and ethical business principles to the industry

and we believe that the additional innovative services that we are willing to supply at no charge will emphasise our sincerity in this regard.

Vecto is rolling out a range of value-added products, most of which are a first for the South African market, and should prove indispensable for any large diesel user. The Tracking and Fuel Management system that we are releasing will not only combat theft and prevent fuel wastage and abuse, but will also rid the industry of impure diesel through electronic innovations (p. 38). With the assistence of this system users will be able to tell exactly how much fuel is in their tanks. That information, together with prior knowledge of fuel price changes, allows us to let customers know when to fill up in time for an increase, or wait a bit when prices are due to drop.

We also provide Diesel Test Kits which immediately detect contaminated diesel (p. 36).

‘Like’ us on Facebook or register on our webpage (www.vecto.co.za) to benefit from these free services.

The Editor Vecto diesel: almost clean enough to drink

VECTO June 2013

5

Editor’s Letter

In addition to the obvious savings associated with the misuse and theft of fuel, our Test Kits enable you to save on the damage caused to an engine (your warranty expires instantly if paraffin is detected in your diesel), idle time and the associated frustrations, as well as the possibility of valuable customers being lost forever.

Our aim is to build long-term relationships based on unsurpassed service, to add value for money, minimise inconvenience, and to become so vital to our customers that we are able to continuously invest in improved value-added products.

Speaking of savings, we have secured the distribution rights from Mega Lube, SA’s largest local blender, who boast product endorsements from leading suppliers such as Mercedes Benz, MAN and John Deere.

Only the best is good enough for us and our clients, which is why we buy only from the most reliable sources, where we have been allowed to bear witness to the strict and careful screening processes which they employ to ensure that their products are 100% pure.

As such, we distribute Mega Lube’s range of oil and grease products exclusively, because we know exactly where their raw materials are sourced..

Businesses that take short cuts and have short-term vision will not resonate with us. Professional business people, who regard the future of their business and their staff as important, will find us indispensable.

Those of you who regularly visit the “Platteland”, or perhaps even live there, have probably noticed that many of the major fuel suppliers are withdrawing and are being replaced by smaller independent providers. This is a positive trend for users because the middlemen are cut out and better prices can be offered for diesel, paraffin and gas (remember,

fuel prices are regulated by the government).

It is here that Vecto plays a vital role. In cases where the big players are withdrawing and are not always willing to service each farmer directly, we use our excellent network of agents to provide that much-needed personal service to farmers and to keep them informed regarding the latest developments in the petroleum industry.

We are both proud and humbled to announce that as of August this year we will be the largest independent distributor in the country which, in turn, means better prices and services for all our clients. It also means improved nationwide coverage with service stations at which truck drivers in possession of Vecto’s unique Fuel Card can fill-up at wholesale prices.

With our first international truck stop across the border at Komatipoort, due to open in August, we can now be considered a bona fide international company. We also service many farmers and mines within Mozambique and Zambia.

As we still strive each day to be better, we welcome any comments or criticism and assure you that each and every e-mail will be answered and dealt with personally until the case has been resolved to your satisfaction.

May you all have a ‘Vectorious’ time until our next issue.

Corné Liebenberg

corne@vecto.co.za

Is your diesel pure?

Send us your cell number and address and we will send you a complimentary Vecto Test Kit with a full set of instructions.

See page 36 for more information

VECTO June 2013

VECTO April 2013 6

Page Description Flag

7VECTO April 2013

Vecto network of depots

8

Who is ? And how are they leading the way in energy resource solutions?

VECTO Petroleum is an

advanced energy resource

company that strives to find

easy, cost-effective solutions

for all business sectors.

Whether it be diesel or oil;

Vecto is a supplier that en-

deavours to exceed custo-

mer expectations and stay

the leader in fuel manage-

ment solutions.

Vecto is grounded in firm

business principles and integ-

rity. Vecto is a privately-owned

company that currently oper-

ates under fuel licencing of

its partner company Madosha

Logistics (Pty) Ltd.

Transport and logistics are

an integral part of modern-

day business, and without a

dedicated supply of quality

fuel to enable mobility and

fluidity in most operations,

successful enterprises and

society will quite literally

come to a standstill.

Vecto - meaning to carry,

drive or travel - is an ener-

gy and resource company,

backed-up by revolutionary

VECTO June 2013

9

Vecto News

new products, boundless research and development, and su-

perb after-sales service.

What we offer

As a company, Vecto is designed to deliver well-rounded

skills, solutions and products, giving us the confidence to

provide our clients with Test Kits to prove the quality of our

product as well as our dedication to delivering only the best

to our clients.

Our petroleum products include diesel, petrol, LPG, Jet-A1, av-

gas, oil and lubricants. We cater for all industries including min-

ing, agriculture, transport and logistics, aviation, construction

and forestry, as well as to numerous municipalities throughout

South Africa and its neighbouring countries. Through practical

innovations, Vecto is focused on reducing theft, misuse and

wastage while simultaneously maximising the mobility and op-

timising the profitability of our clients business.

Infrastructure

Vecto has the infrastructure, capacity and product allocation

to always deliver on-time, no matter how large the quanti-

ties. The company implements cutting-edge technologies

and online-applications. Convenient online-banking (which

works through our cloud technology solutions) integrates

OriginsVecto originated after farmers expressed a need for more reliable deliveries and personal service when catering for all their petroleum needs.

Also, mines, transporters and forestries conveyed the same need for personal service and tailor-made, state-of-the-art equipment to monitor stock levels and prevent theft.

With this in mind, Vecto officially kicked off in December 2012. From there the story reads like a fairy tale as the contacts, systems and breakthroughs can only be described as miraculous.

VECTO June 2013

10

seamlessly with our operations and those of our clients. This

enables us to deliver fast and efficient solutions to our cus-

tomers, satisfying their need to manage their businesses

optimally. Our primary objective is to lead the way in innova-

tive energy resource solutions by providing products of the

highest quality, services that are transparent and extremely

reliable and a complete integration that, not only meets, but

exceeds our clients expectations.

Why another diesel/oil supplier?

After receiving numerous requests, from mainly farmers, for

pure petroleum products and improved service delivery, we

started to explore potential opportunities. It surprised us to

find that there was a significant lack of service, consistent

delivery and tailor-made solutions within this industry.

Furthermore, the use of technology and innovative solu-

tions, aimed at enhancing service delivery and the manage-

ment of fuel, from the depot to the farmer’s tank and into the

tractor or harvester, were nearly non-existent.

This, created a significant niche market for us if we were

able to supply a service that everyone was so clearly desper-

ate for. Sources told us that theft accounted for up to 20% of

overall diesel costs, and a further 20% could be attributed to

mismanagement, shrinkage and fuel losses.

Stories of contamination and/or blending (diesel mixed

with paraffin) were common, and we thought it a good idea

to try and reinstate an ethical name to the petroleum industry

by providing our customers non-negotiable, superb-quality

products, as well as free Test Kits with which to test product

quality.

Inferior fuel products have a negative impact on income in

the long-run and could even cause huge losses when expen-

sive machinery breaks down, never mind the losses caused

by down-time in an industry where the window of opportu-

nity is so small (when it rains you need to plough, and when

the sun shines you need to spray crop protection products

before the next rain). This can erode the profitability of the

farmer, and a less profitable farmer becomes a risk for the

Crop Protection business of Laeveld Agcrochem, a vital

partner of Vecto Petroleum.

Contact Us

Call us: 012 940 8277/ 074 587 9173Email: info@vecto.co.za

Vecto News

VECTO June 2013

11VECTO April 2013

Incatorque (Pty) Ltd is an authorised payment service provider enrolled with the Payments Association South Africa and as such complies as a Systems Operator in accordance with the National Systems Payment Act 1998.

Giving you the freedom to focus on your core business

Thanks to

G-PAY, the ingenious

payment solution

employed by Vecto, we

have managed to remain

lean and mean as it relates

to the need for admin

personnel, and this truly

is a great advantage.

G-PAY is a guaranteed payment solution. This implies that an order received by a seller through G-PAY will have the payment of that order guaranteed to the value of the product requested by means of the order.

The flexibility that G-PAY offers through its configuration models allows for the product to be implemented and deployed within various industries for varied solutions. The further ability to ensure that products and services can only be acquired from suppliers to whom the buyer has been linked, thereby allowing the flow of funds to designated suppliers only, has achieved great success through the implementation of G-PAY into the various industries.

G-PAY is a payment solution, designed and configured for “cloud“ (web-based) access by means of a personal computer, mobile devices or mobile technology. This solution is mainly configured as an ordering and payment platform.

G-PAY is proud of its ability to offer superior functionality, valuable collated information and a range of tailor-made solutions to customers.

12

Cornè (CEO) completed his BCom Honours degree in Marketing at the University of Pretoria. While studying he worked for Standard Bank and completed an Advanced Accelerated Training Pro-gramme, which enabled him to attain management status. He started his own short-term insurance business in 1990 and thanks to his out-of-the-box thinking captured a sub-stantial portion of Pretoria’s market. He later sold his busi-ness to help start-up Laeveld Agrochem, which will soon reach a turnover of R1 billion.

He is a fervent property dev- eloper and entrepreneur with a ‘never-say-die’ philosophy. His decisions are all rooted in Biblical principles, and his life bears testament to the adage tha “the more you give the more you receive.”

Jantjie (Director) completed his BCom Accounting degree at the University of Pretoria, after which he was employed at at Du Toit van der Walt Au-ditors, where he completed his articles.

Since 1999 Cornè and Jantjie have run various busi-nesses together, of which Laeveld Agrochem is the most significant.

They are both directors and shareholders of Laeveld Agrochem, one of South Af-rica’s leading Crop Protection businesses, as well as Sun-shine Street, a very succesful property managment and de-velopment company.

He is one of the key play-ers in the administration and strategic development of Lae-veld Agrochem.

Meet our Management Team and some of our support staff as well...

Ferdie (Director) matricu-lated from Paul Roos Gim-nasium in 1988. After school he joined the South African Defence Force’s Intelligence Unit in 1991.

He completed a BCom de-gree at the University of Stel-lenbosch in 1994. In 1995 he founded Inter Africa Carriers (Pty) Ltd., and Inter-Africa Bagging cc.

Through these companies he fulfilled contracts for both World Vision and the World Bank, packing bulk fertilizer into manageable sizes and distributing these directly to farmers in Malawi.

Ferdie has extensive knowledge in transport, lo-gistics and cross-border op-erations.

VECTO June 2013

13

Vecto News

Ehrus (Manager) has a pas-sion for sales and entrepre-neurship. In 1993 he became involved in the agricultural/chemical industry and joined his father’s business at a ju-nior level. It was an exciting time, during which he ac-quired extensive experience, especially in such matters as working with budgets and managing stocks. In 2009 Ehrus had the opportunity to become involved with a diesel depot in Hoedspruit, with the mandate to increase sales performance. Within a year Ehrus doubled the busi-ness’s turnover and within three years it had increased tenfold.

Support StaffCurrently the team com-prises Heike who mans the Reception, Paulette who handles administra-tive functions and G-Pay, Madeleine takes care of orders, payments and bookkeeping and Simone helps with financial models and commission structures and is also responsible for a number of events and public rela-tions matters.

Kenny is the resident IT specialist, Izaan and Me-lissa are responsible for coordinating and organis-ing all events, farmer and golf days and promotional items.

Anton (Manager) matriculat-ed from Paarl Boys High and completed a BCom degree in Agricultural Economics from the University of Stellen-bosch. He joined his brother Ferdie’s logistics company, Inter-Africa Carriers (Pty) Ltd. in 1998, and is currently the company’s CEO.

Some of his milestones include seeing Inter-Africa crowned as one of the top 100 Transnet Rail Operators in 2004. He saw the company become one of the top five in-termodal operators in South-ern Africa, proudly associated with a number of ‘blue chip’ clients.

VECTO June 2013

14

Nico du Randt was born in 1968 in Kroonstad, but grew up in Nel-spruit, where he matriculated from Hoërskool Nelspruit in 1986. Nico was an exemplary student, achieving accolades in both aca-demics and sport. Amongst other achievements, Nico received Provincial Colours for swimming and took part in the SA Currie Cup Championships.

After two-years in the military, Nico completed a diploma in Hu-man Resources, enabling him to start his own labour consultancy which offered assistance to farmers in relation to the new laws governing minimum wage and sectoral determination. He was also involved in numerous disciplinary hearings at petrol stations and transport companies. These dealt mostly with theft, dishon-esty and fraudulent practises within the diesel and petrol industry.

Nico jumped at the opportunity to manage Vecto’s Nelspruit-based depot, which has fast become a formidable player in the region as a result of aggressive marketing tactics and a no-non-sense approach to service and quality.

Managing a successful depot relies on agents planning orders and controlling those orders from the very start, planning routes for delivery trucks, ensuring that delivery vehicles are fueled-up, communicating with representatives, truck drivers and custom-ers to confirm delivery times, guaranteeing punctuality and, where possible, being present for deliveries to check volumes and ensure that customer premises are left clean.

Nico says...

I would like to extend a word of appreciation to all our existing customers for having faith in our product and service. It is through your support that Vecto Nelspruit is able to grow and flourish, enabling us to invest in new technology and offer even more value-added services to our clients. With a winning team like ours, we can only go forward!

Meet our Agents...Nico du Randt, Nelspruit

From left to right: Nico (Nelspruit/Hazyview/Barber-ton), Ockie (Onderberg), Lionel (Lydenburg/Ohrig-stad) and Ben (Sabie/ Bosbokrand)

VECTO June 2013

15

Customer Testimonial

About a year ago, Frikkadol Transport was approached by Vecto Head Office regarding the possibility of setting-up warehouse facilities on their premises in Rocky’s Drift. Harry Visser, owner of Frikkadol Transport, decided that having a diesel depot on their premises would be most advantageous for both companies.

Nico du Randt of Vecto Nelspruit also approached Frik-kadol Transport regarding the possibility of providing storage space for the oil products which Vecto distributes. Frikkadol Transport was so pleased with Nico du Randt’s passion and enthusiasm for the industry that he agreed to make some office space available to Vecto Nelspruit.

Frikkadol Transport, satisfied with the quality and avail-ability of Vecto’s product range, decided that Vecto Nelspruit would be included in the company’s short list of preferred suppliers.

Says visser: “Vecto will literally deliver at any time, day or night, come rain or shine. Nothing seems to be too much for Nico du Randt and his team. They understand that diesel is the lifeblood of any transport company”.

Thanks to...

Vecto Nelspruit is defi-nitely one of the market players to keep your eyes on.

A huge thank you goes out to Vecto Nelspruit for the excellent service that you deliver to Frikkadol Transport, assisting us in ensuring that the wheels keep on turning.

And hear what one of Nico’s clients has to say

VECTO June 2013

VECTO June 2013 1616 VECTO June 2013

Meet the fleet

On the road

Most of our new new full-time agents have received brand new Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV). The Vecto brand will be embla-zoned on the vehicles, and Vecto number plates will be fitted. This is to ensure that farmers maintain a neutral and unprejudiced im-pression of Vecto and its agents, managers and stakeholders.

We have also acquired a fleet of 18,000l tankers to be used to deliver directly to the customer. These deliveries will usually be within a 50km radius from the nearest depot.

By Air

Due to a lack of time and the remoteness of certain mines, a five-seater Vecto helicopter will be used to visit the majority of our min-ing clients, as well as certain transport companies.

Page Description Flag

17VECTO June 2013

At Vecto we feel strongly about giving support to the communities in which we operate. Since inception, Vecto has committed itself to participating, if not sponsoring, farmers’ days, golf days, school sporting events and many other similar occasions. Vecto is literally everywhere, and sponsors almost every sport imaginable, including athletics, rugby (including the Pumas), netball, hockey, cycling, squash, polo and even drum majorettes!

This year alone, we have already made our presence known in Nelspruit, Chrissiesmeer, Louis Trichardt and Hazyview. It is on these occasions and at these types of events that you can meet our agents and the management team, and we can answer any questions you may have.

As such, feel free to invite us to your next event.Hazyview 4x4 day

Ch

riss

iesm

eer

Far

mer

s D

ay

Chrissiesmeer Farmers Day

On the farm...

VECTO June 2013 18

Out and aboutVecto has been busy visiting people all across South Africa

Hoedspruit

On the sports field...

And on the golf course

Nelsp

ruit

Nelspruit

Lichtenburg

19VECTO June 2013

Out and about

VECTO June 2013 20

Polo, go-karting...

And many more...

Polo match

Go-karting

The Vecto team

Page Description Flag

21VECTO June 2013

The “Vecto Value-Added Product”

droplet represents all the exclusive

products and services which

Vecto proudly offers its

customers. Look out for

the following value-added

products in this issue.

• Fleet Management

Solution: Prevents vehicle

abuse, reports unnecessary

idling, measures emissions and provides

suggestions to improve fleet management.

• Vecto Test Kits: Immediately detects fuel

contamination or the presence of paraffin in

diesel, thereby preventing unnecessary costs

associated with engine damage and down-

time.

• Mega Lube Engine Performance Enhancers:

Improves lubricity even while the engine is

switched off. The smoother running of your

engine can save you up to 3% on diesel costs.

• Diesel Gas Africa (DGA): Dramatically reduces

both diesel usage and emissions (which will

be taxable in the near future.)

• G-PAY Electronic Payment System

VECTO VALUE-ADDED

PRODUCTS

1. SMS “Subscribe” and

your phone number to

0844746663 and we will

contact you regarding your

free subscription.

2. Send an e-mail with your

name and address to

admin@vecto.co.za

Subscribe to our FREE magazine

How adds value and what differentiates us from the rest?

22

DON’T PANIC:

SARS’ approach to diesel rebate is no cause for alarm

VECTO June 2013

23

Diesel Rebate Update

A look at qualifying companies and activities :

Instead of panicking and paying, companies finding them-selves at the sharp end of a SARS diesel rebate audit should seek advice to correctly interpret and apply the terms of the legislation that governs the rebate scheme.

Too many companies are falling foul of SARS’ current ap-proach of issuing letters of intent in which either the compa-ny’s eligibility to claim the rebate is contested, the amounts claimed disputed, or the documentary veracity of their appli-cation rejected.

Companies are generally threatened with penalties of up to 200% being levied on understated VAT amounts, forfeiture of an amount equal to the value of the litres overstated, or sus-pension from the scheme. Yet, considering judgements issued in relevant South African case law, these settlements are of-ten not in line with the correct application of legislation.

Schedule 6 of the Customs and Excise Act, No. 91 of 1964 (Customs Act) allows VAT registered companies, operating in specific industry categories, to claim a diesel rebate on eligible diesel purchases. The legislation is quite specific regarding which companies and what activities using diesel qualify for the rebate; hence companies should ensure that they meet the criteria for qualification before they apply for a diesel re-bate.

Certain activities relating to these industries, for example diesel used in the rehabilitation of mines - either during op-erations or when operations have ceased, do not classify as eligible diesel purchases. Another example of non-eligible purchases is diesel used by a farmer in activities to change the nature of farm produce, such as the processing of grapes into wine or the drying of fruit.

Once certain that the activities for which the rebate is be-ing requested definitely qualify for rebate, certain documen-tary requirements apply to how the consumption and cost of the diesel should be recorded - and then applied to SARS for rebate.

While this all seems straight forward enough, problems arise when companies making claims under the diesel rebate scheme are accused of wrongdoing, with penalties of up to seven times more than the original rebate amounts claimed by SARS in compensation.

Did you know?

Eligible farmers can claim back a rebate of 90c per/liter of diesel.

Do you qualify?Qualifying companies and activities include:• On-land mining• Forestry• Farming• Fishing• Coastwise shipping• Offshore mining• Rail freight• Electricity generation• National Sea Rescue

Institute (NSRI)

VECTO June 2013

24

All claims need to be supported by ‘books, accounts or docu-ments’ recording vehicle details, vehicle use and dates, times and quantities of diesel used. If all these details are not included in a single logbook it does not mean a company is in breach. All companies will have records of their vehicles, their diesel consumption, the cost of this consumption, and a host of other records that can prove where the vehicles were and what they were used for. If all these different documents and records can be assembled to meet the requirements of the legislation then the company is not in breach and can confidently dispute the claims of the audit.

Too often companies elect to prematurely settle with SARS, even when their claim is both legitimate and correct, simply be-cause they have not understood how to interpret the legislation and assemble the required documentation. The trick is simply to identify, seek, find and correctly assemble all the informa-tion required. All companies should work within the spirit of the law to meet their tax obligations accurately and honestly in the interests of the country.

When, however, it comes to disputes with SARS, especially in the arena of the current diesel rebate system, companies that stand their ground and apply the letter of the law often find that with a little extra effort and evidence, they can more than satisfy SARS’ rebate qualification requirements.

NB! See p. 38 for Vecto’s exclusive, tailor-made, state of the art tracking and Fleet Management Solution, that measures all the information required (and so much more) by SARS for a success-ful claim. This product forms part of Vecto’s complete solution and value proposition to decrease cost and ensure peace of mind.

Contact SARS

0800 00 SARS (7277)www.sars.org.za

Sources & Acknowledgements: Originally published by Money web, November 2012. Author: Cliff Watson

Diesel Rebate Update

VECTO June 2013

25VECTO April 2013

DIRTY DIESEL INSERT

26

Diesel engines in vehicles and diesel powered equipment run

better on clean uncontaminated diesel fuel. If diesel fuel has

been in storage for longer than a few months there is a danger

of contamination. The usable quality of diesel fuel becomes pro-

gressively worse the longer it is in a fuel storage tank. Most high

quality diesel fuel suppliers will only guarantee their fuel for six

months when in bulk fuel storage.

Water Contamination

The most common form of diesel fuel contamination is water.

Water in stored diesel fuel is normally formed by condensation

over time. Water contamination in the fuel storage system can

lead to corrosion of the storage tank (depending on the materi-

als used) and this corrosion can lead to further contamination

of the fuel.

Diesel fuel tainted by water can reduce the performance

and fuel efficiency of diesel powered vehicles, generators and

equipment. Water pollution can cause filter blockages and seri-

ous damage to parts of a generator or engine such as the injec-

tors, pipelines, seals or gaskets. For standby generators, water

in fuel can reduce the effective life of the engine, increase the

risk of internal corrosion and result in equipment failure due to

the fuel being too hydrolysed (tainted by water).

Petroleum diesels typically hold 60ppm of suspended wa-

ter. At this level, the water is almost insignificant as long as it is

regularly used and replenished (and microbial contamination

does not occur). Bio-diesels typically hold up to 25 times more

suspended water than petroleum diesel. In recent years the

worldwide introduction of bio-diesel has brought what was

mainly a mariner’s fuel problem to every diesel fuel user. Bio-

diesel provides the perfect habitat for vigorous microbial growth.

Shedding some light on Fuel Contamination

VECTO June 2013

27

Dirty Diesel Insert

Consequently, the amount of exposure to natural conden-

sation over time in an undisturbed storage tank before micro-

bacteria proliferation begins is dramatically reduced. Deteriora-

tion in modern bio-fuel is much faster than in petroleum based

fuels.

Bacterial Contamination

Growth of micro-organisms in petroleum products has been re-

corded since 1895. Water contamination of diesel fuel leads to

the build-up of microbes, bacteria and sometimes fungi.

These Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of micro-organisms feed

on the fuel at water-fuel interface (where the water meets the

fuel) until it becomes too heavy and floats to the bottom of the

tank, quickly forming bio-films and sludge. Both aerobic and

anaerobic bacteria can produce corrosive acids and sticky resi-

dues. These undesired chemicals (broken down carbon chains)

can further affect engine performance by reducing the combus-

tible properties of the fuel and shortening the life of both en-

gines and storage tanks. The resulting sludge and sticky resi-

due within the diesel fuel can cause blocked filters, fuel lines

and damage the precision fuel injectors that are vital to the ef-

ficient running of a diesel engine.

Other fuels

With the introduction of bio-fuels into petrol in the form of bio-

ethanol, petrol, a once unaffected fuel, has now also become

subject to the consequences of microbial contamination.

Did you know?

Diesel is an organic fuel so it provides an ideal en-vironment for microscopic fungi, yeast and bacteria to feed and grow.

VECTO June 2013

28

An article, previously published in FleetWatch, South Africa’s

definitive trucking magazine, described how a new Isuzu truck

came to an unhappy standstill after filling up with diesel from a

retail fuel franchise. The cause of the breakdown was contami-

nated diesel which blocked the Isuzu’s fuel injection system,

a problem that continues to plague truck owners around the

country. At a conference held under the auspices of the South

African Institute of Tribology, several diesel and truck engine

experts shed light on the subject of how and why modern die-

sel engines fail - and how to prevent such failures. Attending

the event was motoring journalist and Auto Dealer editor, Rob

Handfield-Jones, who compiled this report which clearly high-

lights that top experts are painting a gloomy picture of fuel and

lubricant contamination in South Africa.

The good news is that South Africa’s diesel fuel is of good

quality and undeserving of much of the criticism levelled at it.

The bad news is that fuel contamination has been fingered as

a leading cause of combustion-related diesel engine failures

and critical deficiencies exist in ensuring cleanliness of diesel

and lubricants along the supply chain. This emerged from a

recent SA Institute of Tribology conference.

At von Wielligh of the Faculty of Engineering at the Univer-

sity of Pretoria was forthright about the problem. “A good (die-

sel) fuel requires good lubricity (lubricating qualities), must be

clean and must not contain free water. South African refiner-

ies deliver a product which is on spec. The problem is not so

much with the quality of our diesel as with what contaminants

it picks up between the refinery gate and the engine.”

Von Wielligh said that the latest diesel engines operate at

fuel injection pressures of around 2,000 Bar (200MPa), with

pressures of 2,800 Bar on the horizon. He said that the only

way to make such pressures possible was to reduce toleranc-

es in diesel engines to prevent leakage.

“These are ugly pressures,” he commented. “Modern die-

sels have a higher output, smaller size, higher efficiency, lon-

ger life, longer service intervals and emit less pollution. But

the tolerances required to make this possible mean that fuel

cleanliness is critical.”

According to von Wielligh, in modern diesel engines, dust Wre

ck y

our r

igDie

sel c

ont

amin

atio

n ca

n

VECTO June 2013

29

just 2µm (thousandths of a millimetre, or ‘microns’) in diameter

can cause fuel injector failure (the thickness of a human hair is

80µm). Dirt can cause deviations in the injector spray pattern

which lead to jetting or dripping. Apart from washing lubricating

oil off the cylinder walls, an incorrect injector pattern strips pis-

tons of the layer of cooler air which prevents them from melting

in the heat of combustion.

Von Wielligh showed several examples of how catastrophic

engine failure had been caused by faulty injector spray patterns

which were directly related to dirt in the fuel system. He warned

that even filters capable of removing particles as small as 2µm

had not been sufficient to prevent injector failure in some cases.

“The problem is that the standards of fuel cleanliness only

address the mass of particle contamination, not the number

of particles,” he said. He expressed concern that even though

some contaminant particles were smaller than was considered

necessary to cause injector failure, with enough of them present

failure could happen anyway.

He went on to say that the removal of sulphur from diesel had

presented a huge challenge to tribologists and new additives

have been required to restore the lubricity previously provided

by sulphur compounds. Without sufficient lubricity, moving parts

in a diesel engine fuel supply system, especially the fuel injec-

tor needles, can experience premature wear or failure. High fuel

consumption can also result.

Contaminants and crooks

Other liquid contaminants can severely reduce lubricity. Von Wi-

elligh said that a typical sample of diesel was able to withstand a

load of 800N (Newtons) when subjected to a standardised test

developed in the tribology laboratory at the University of Preto-

ria. However, a petrol/diesel mix withstood only a 300N load,

and pure paraffin barely 100N. Water contamination also had

dire effects and the lower lubricity of these liquids emerged as

instrumental in engine failure.

Von Wielligh expressed concern that some fuel resellers and

service stations defraud diesel users by diluting diesel with

cheaper paraffin. He quoted his own research which showed that

a new injector running on paraffin failed after just 22 minutes

of continuous running while a control injector running on diesel

Dirty Diesel Insert

VECTO June 2013

30

performed as normal. “If you see a service station offering die-

sel 20 cents cheaper per litre, ask yourself why,” he cautioned.

“Put your foot down and drive on to the next service station.”

Investigation into fuel additives has revealed that certain ad-

ditives could improve lubricity and von Wielligh has used such

agents to correct a series of engine failures he was asked to

consult on in the United Kingdom.

New carbon threat

Von Wielligh highlighted a new problem in modern diesel en-

gines: ‘Black Diesel’. Numerous operators have encountered a

carbon residue in diesel which clogs fuel filters in a very short

time. Research has shown that these residues only form in die-

sels with modern high-pressure injection systems running at

above 1,450 bars.

Although chemical engineers are still researching the exact

reactions which take place, von Wielligh’s research has demon-

strated that under conditions of high injection pressures, high

shear forces and high heat, combined with high impact - all the

conditions present in the injector tips of a modern diesel en-

gine - the hydrocarbons in diesel fuel break down into hydrogen

and carbon. Although this appears to have a minimal effect on

lubricity, the recirculated fuel not used in a combustion cycle

returns to the fuel tank and carries the carbon residue back

through the fuel filters, causing premature blocking.

Corporate ignorance

Boet Olivier of Kleenoil SA, condition monitoring and contami-

nation control specialist, was scathing of corporate South Af-

rica’s sluggishness in ensuring that fuel and lubricating oil used

in proprietary equipment remained free of contamination.

“Lubrication excellence is as difficult to find as to realise,” he

said, adding that most companies operate in what he called an

environment of “ignorant incompetence” when it came to en-

suring clean fuel and lubricants.

He explained that bulk fuel and lubricant delivery trucks were

often badly laden with dirt and other destructive contaminants

such as water which were introduced into the fluids during the

transit period from the refinery to the point of offloading.

“In many instances, the fluids are further contaminated

VECTO June 2013

31

Sources &

AcknowledgementsThis article first appeared in AutoDealer. Copyright (c) AutoDealer/Caxton 2006. The original article was restructured for pub-lication in FleetWatch.

through the supply chain into the machines due to poor working

practices,” said Olivier. He added that quality assurance checks

were not conducted due to lack of knowledge in the workplace

and management’s reluctance to ensure training and develop-

ment of the workforce with regard to lubrication best practices.

He pointed out that fluid quality sampling practices were in

many instances worthless - and a root cause of failures. Die-

sel samples for contaminant testing were, for example, often

taken from the top of the tank. “Diesel is a low-viscosity liquid.

The contaminants have settled to the bottom of the tanker not

long after it is out of the refinery gate,” he said. “So the samples

taken from the top are passed as clean and the dirt at the bot-

tom of the tank is pumped into the client’s storage tanks when

the tanker offloads.”

Filter fiasco

Olivier cited examples of where breathers on diesel storage

tanks were not protected by filters, and where filter elements on

both tank outlets and engine fuel systems had either failed due

to contaminant overload or were not present at all.

“I have struggled to get filter manufacturers to supply specs

on the maximum contaminant load their filters can accept be-

fore they should be changed. If we had these figures, we could

run a specific amount of fuel or lubricant through the filters,

measure the increase in the filter’s weight, establish the rate

of contaminant accumulation and then implement proper filter

change schedules,” he explained.

“Cleanliness is critical. I often see fuel dispensing points

filthy dirty, without dust caps. Where is that dust going? Into

the fuel.” He also criticised companies for not providing wash

bays for cleaning construction machinery and heavy vehicles.

“A dirty fuel or oil filler cap or breather is guaranteed to intro-

duce contamination into the system. And dirt kills machinery

operating at close tolerances.”

Olivier concluded that cross-contamination is common; mo-

bile service vehicles use the same pumps to supply different

kinds of lubricants, and non-standard containers are being

used.

“In one case,” he said, “I saw a worker filling a gumboot with

oil so he could top up his truck’s oil level! And sadly, the practice

was condoned by his superior.”

Dirty Diesel Insert

VECTO June 2013

32

Economic supply and demand phenomena, as well as efforts

to make paraffin more affordable to the poor, have resulted in a

large price difference between diesel and paraffin. Unscrupulous

fuel suppliers stand to make large profits by fraudulently diluting

diesel with paraffin or simply selling paraffin as diesel.

Save now pay later

Both petrol and diesel are subject to a government-imposed tax

of approximately R3 per litre. Paraffin is not subject to any tax;

even VAT is no longer applicable. The significant price difference

between diesel and paraffin has become a very attractive

incentive for unscrupulous suppliers to spike their diesel

supplies; the supplier saves R3 on every litre of paraffin that he

adds to diesel.

Dishonest distributors usually add about 30% paraffin to

diesel. So, if a tank contains 21,000 litres of which 14,000 litres

are diesel and 7,000 litres are paraffin, the supplier earns an

extra R21, 000 in just one load.

In addition, farmers are able to claim a diesel rebate from SARS

(see p. 22), who in most instances have never even received the

original tax on that “diesel”.

It is important to bear in mind that if it seems too good to be

true, it most likely is, and the initial bargain will eventually end up

costing more, not only in terms of expense, but also in terms of

down-time, trouble and inconvenience.

The lubricating properties of diesel are critical to the longevity

of modern fine-clearance diesel injection systems. Paraffin’s

lubrication properties are far inferior and cannot be improved

with engine oil. Moreover, adulterated diesel may have inferior

ignition properties resulting in burnt valves and overheating.

Manufacturers of engines and fuel injection systems are able

Pure or paraffin?Paraffin in diesel will cost you in the long-run

VECTO June 2013

33

to determine whether the presence of excessive paraffin dilution

is responsible for equipment failure. At least seven major tractor

suppliers have issued a joint statement to the effect that engine

failures as a result of using adulterated diesel will not be covered

by their warranties.

Unfortunately, adulterated diesel is not always easy to identify.

It may look and even smell like regular diesel.

Am I being misled?

Vecto’s aim is to expose such dishonest practices and to

encourage diesel users to test their product to ensure that it is

untainted. This will also be helpful in the event that consumers

have been cheated and would like to claim against the

perpetrators.

Vecto test kits

Vecto aspires to supply nothing but 100% pure diesel and is

willing to prove it by providing a Vecto Test Kit to any consumer

who may be in doubt. (See p. 36 to claim a free test kit today).

SGS Laboratories

SGS is the world’s leading inspection, verification, testing and

certification company. SGS is one of the laboratories that can test

diesel products and provide results regarding the percentage of

paraffin in your diesel within three days. According to SARS up

to 5% paraffin in diesel will be premissable. Dishonest conduct

can also be reported to SARS RFTU Unit. Do the right thing by

naming and shaming perpetrators, and assist us in combatting

such practices. In this way diesel prices across the board will be

brought down. At present, honest distributors cannot compete

with the dishonest practices, which means that sufficient

volumes are not being ordered to offer customers better pricing.

What about winter blending?

Although it is true that diesel is routinely cut back at refineries

with small amounts of paraffin (to improve flow qualities in winter),

it is important to note that the theory is totally unscientific and

a very harmful practice. Even if the practice were effective, it is

unlikely that South Africa will ever reach temperatures to justify

this practice (-9.5 ° C).

Independent

tests

Vecto recently conducted independent tests among 45 rival suppliers in Lim-popo, the Lowveld and Mapumalangha, and found that in most cases paraffin was present; in some cases even a shocking 38%.

Contact SARS0800 00 SARS (7277)

Sources: Rodac Diesel Injection Services – www.rodac.co.za

Dirty Diesel Insert

VECTO June 2013

34

Signs of contaminated fuel• The need to replace fuel filters significantly more often than

your baseline • Frequent cleaning or replacement of fuel injectors • Premature wearing of rings and cylinder liners • Excessive blow-by or an increase in oil consumption • Increase in fuel consumption • Fuel discolouration • Rotten fuel smell • Black exhaust smoke

Any and all of these symptoms can indicate contamination and microbial infestation, whether in your own storage tank or with your supplier

Sources & Acknowledgements: National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa (NAAMSA).

The diesel supplied by Vecto not only conforms to but exceeds the required standards set by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS).

1. If your diesel vehicle is not used frequently, keep the tank topped up to reduce condensation occurring.

2. Have your vehicle serviced regularly.

3. Pay particular attention to fuel filters and change them regu-larly.

4. Have your vehicle checked immediately if the engine starts to cut out, particularly if you have only just filled your tank.

5. Be extra vigilant of microbial contamination when filling from low volume containers such as farm tanks.

6. Consider sticking to one service station so you are more likely to prove the source of your fuel if it is found to be con-taminated.

7. Keep fuel receipts as proof of purchase if any problems oc-cur.

8. Familiarise yourself with the warning signs for contaminat-ed fuel in your vehicle.

Dealing with dirty dieselVehicle owner tips

VECTO June 2013

35

DIESEL 101:Diesel dilution explained

Diesel dilution is also a common cause of engine failure. It

causes the viscosity of oil to drop dramatically; the more diesel,

the lower the viscosity; the lower the viscosity, the weaker the

film strength.

Diesel readings of around 0.5% can often be reduced by

controlling excessive idling times; however any reading over

1% should be acted on as this will cause a significant viscosity

drop of approximately 20% or more.

The higher the diesel dilution, the lower the flash point, which

means that a crank case can ignite if the sump temperature

reaches 130°C with 6% diesel dilution, which is the temperature

at which that concentration of fuel vaporises and becomes

explosive.

Care needs to be taken when interpreting diesel levels

because the diesel in certain forms of unburned fuel can cause

excessive sludging in the oil. This can cause the viscosity to

increase and the oil to thicken to the point where it cannot be

pumped in the engine, causing catastrophic failure due to oil

starvation.

New engines have been known to fail as a result of this

because of inefficient combustion cause by over fuelling,

which can also be indicated by excessive exhaust emissions.

Always check a positive diesel reading because black smoke

and high soot levels not only mean increased and excessive

wear to an engine, but also equate to money burning out the

exhaust pipe. Soot particles are four times more abrasive than

dust particles and are a significant contributor to wear. They

get larger as combustion efficiency decreases.

Never wash or flush equipment with diesel as any residue

remaining will dilute the new oil reducing its viscosity and

destroying the oil’s integrity.

Sources & Acknowledgements: Clean Oil Services Pty. Ltd.

Dirty Diesel Insert

VECTO June 2013

VECTO April 2013 3600 - April 2013 VECTO VECTO April 2013 - 00

www.vecto.co.za

Vecto’s antibody-based Diesel Test

Kits were developed to recognise any

form of illicit mixing of Diesel with

Illuminating Paraffin.

VECTO PETROLEUM: CLEAN DIESEL GUARANTEED

CLAIM YOUR

FREE VECTO

DIESEL TEST KIT!

E-MAIL :

info@vecto.co.za

Free only at

VECTO VALUE- ADDED

PRODUCT

Vecto: Committed to cleaning the Diesel industry

37

1. Keep up the pressure: Underinflated tyres not only

contribute to blow-outs but also decrease fuel

efficiency. A truck tyre can run five degrees hotter for

every bar that it is underinflated and every 10 bar that

a tyre is underinflated reduces fuel economy by 1%.

2. Get in shape: Approximately half the energy of a truck

traveling at 88km/h is used to simply move the air

around that truck and at 104km/h that increases to

two-thirds. For highway driving, every 2% reduction

in aerodynamic drag gains a 1% improvement in fuel

economy. Weigh the cost of adding aerodynamic

treatments on top of the roof or under the trailer

against the fuel savings you will gain.

3. Play it straight: Tyres that are misaligned pull

sideways, resulting in lower fuel economy. A tyre that

is misaligned only one-quarter degree from straight

will try and travel 3-5m sideways for

each km. Keep all axles – drive and

steer – aligned.

4. Take it easy: In general, shifting at the

low end of the rpm range decreases

fuel consumption, particularly in

lower gears. Each engine is different,

so be sure to read your owner and

driver manuals to achieve the best

performance.

5. Reduce idling time: Reducing the time

your engine is idling is an effective

method for saving fuel. It is good to

shut the engine down after three

minutes of idle time.

BONUS TIP! Use Vecto’s Fleet

Management solution: This system

provides a graph and summary of

all idling per trip and per day for each

vehicle.

5 Fuel-saving tips...For fleet owners

Do you have any tried and tested fuel saving tips?

Send them to us before 20

July 2013, and you could win

a Tablet!

The first 30 entrants will receive the

Mega Lube Performance En-

hancer (see p. 51). While the

reader who submits the best

tip will receive a Tablet*!

WIN a Tablet!

VECTO June 2013

* Ts

& C

s a

pp

ly

Vecto Tracking story

00 - April 2013 VECTO VECTO April 2013 - 00

Vecto Petroleum has partnered with Asset Data Lynx to bring our clients a variety of fleet management systems aimed at safeguard-ing, managing and tracking their most valuable assets and resources.

The Fleet Management Solution (FMS) and the more affordable Vehicle Tracking Solution (VTS) are both customisable web-based GPS systems, providing businesses tools to better manage their fleets.

Viable, low-cost, portable, self-powered, real-time tracker.

Benefits• Minimise fleet costs• Maximise fleet usefulness• Reduce overall fuel costs• Deter theft• Monitor driving habits• Improve driver efficiency• Obtain essential information• Efficiently manage equipment• Increase dispatching

capabilities

FOLLOW YOUR FLEETwith a customisable web-based GPS tracking systems

www.vecto.co.za

VECTO VALUE- ADDED

PRODUCT

Did you know?

39VECTO June 2013

The answer is in the SMOKEWe can generally understand what is wrong with a diesel engine by the colours of smoke emitted from the ex-haust. There are three basic colours -

black, white and blue.

Black smokeBlack smoke indicates an

air to fuel ratio imbalance.

Either the fuel system is

delivering too much fuel

into the engine or there is

not enough clean air (oxy-

gen). A few things to look

for include:

• Faulty injectors, defective or incorrect at-

omisers (injectors need attention at about

100,000 to 120,000Kms)

• Faulty injector pump

• Incorrect fuel injection pump timing or in-

correct valve timing

• Poor engine compression

• Dirty air cleaner

• Turbocharger or intercooler faulty, poor

boost pressure

• Problems within cylinder head, valves

clogged up due to faulty EGR (exhaust gas

recycling unit)

• Exhaust system restriction

• Defective “thermostart” (cold starting aid)

• Incorrect valve clearances

White SmokeWhite smoke usually in-

dicates that the fuel in-

jected into the cylinder is

not burning correctly. The

smoke will burn your eyes.

Causes of white smoke

include the following:

• Engine/pump timing out

• Fuel starvation to the pump causing the

pumps timing not to operate correctly

• Low engine compression

• Water/petrol in the fuel

Blue smokeBlue smoke indicates that the engine is

burning engine oil. Check for the following

causes:

• Worn cylinders or piston rings

• Faulty valves or valve stem seals

• Engine over full with engine oil

• Faulty injector pump/lift pump allowing

engine oil to be mixed with the diesel

• Incorrect grade of oil used

• Poor compression

?

40

Diesel Gas AfricaThe most cost-effective way to save you fuel

Diesel gas is the injection of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) into diesel engines.

Diesel Gas Africa (DGA) was designed around the combined expertise of specialists from multiple industries, using proprietary non-invasive technology (meaning no engine modification), qual-ity hardware and advanced control systems.

By combining LPG with diesel the following benefits are achieved:

• Total fuel cost saving of 8-10 %

• Reduced carbon emission of +/- 10%

• Increased power by 8-12 %

• Increased range of +/- 20% per tank of diesel

• Reduced driver fatigue

• Reduced maintenance costs

VECTO June 2013

41

Product profile

International standards

The DGA system is developed and designed in accordance with: Australian/New Zealand Standards AS/NZS 1425:2007 EU Standard: ECE R67/01 & 10 EMC R10-02 SANS 20067:2006.

Emissions

The Protection of the Environment Operations (Clean Air) Regula-tion 2002 - Clause 9 makes it an offence for any vehicle to emit visible exhaust smoke for a continuous period of more than 10 seconds. The single biggest emission difference you will notice is the reduction in black smoke under load.

Testing with a five-gas analyser has shown reductions in oth-er emissions. Diesel/Gas Australia are currently conducting full emissions testing and the results will be available soon.

Unlike most other performance modifications, emissions are reduced when combining LPG with diesel. This is particularly im-portant with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) target-ing diesel vehicles.

Emissions aside, black smoke is an indicator of unburnt fuel, so if your vehicle is producing excessive black smoke this may mean

Going Green

Autogas is widely used as a “green” fuel because it de-creases exhaust emissions. In particular, it reduces CO2 emissions by around 35% compared to petrol.

VECTO June 2013

VECTO VALUE- ADDED

PRODUCT

DGA in association with

42

it is not running as efficiently as it could be, affecting economy and power. By using LPG as a catalyst near complete combustion occurs, reducing black smoke and increasing efficiency.

Safety aspects

Low pressure

In the event of a low gas pressure (by accident or gas loss) to the system, the solenoid on the gas tank shuts down, and no gas flows to the engine.

Engine temperature

The gas bending system will not operate until the engine tem-perature is at 40° C. (The gas mapping will show fumigation, however, no gas will be released.)

Low voltage

In the event of a drop in voltage, the system shuts down all gas flow; this is to prevent the unnecessary flow of unmeasured gas into the engine.

Idle speed

The system is set for the injection of gas to turn off at idle.

Braking

Under braking conditions, by foot brake or exhaust brake, the system is set to shut off the injection of gas.

FU

EL

PR

ICE

PR

ED

ICTI

ON

VECTO June 2013

43

Product profile

Autogas

Autogas refers to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) when it is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles, as well as in stationary applications such as generators. It is a mixture of propane and butane.

Autogas means a guaranteed saving on your bottom-line and leads to improved trip times and lower maintenance costs for the whole fleet, reduced driver overtime and fatigue, as well as improved corporate image and contribution to environmen-tally friendly business practice.

Dual-fuel operation

Diesel engines are compression ignition engines and lack spark plugs.

To operate a diesel engine with an alternate combustible fuel source such as natural gas as the main fuel, diesel oil is used for the ignition of the gas/air mixture inside the cylinder (a portion of diesel oil is injected at the end of the compression stroke, thereby maintaining the original diesel operation principle).

Dual-fuel operation means the engine uses two fuels (gas and diesel oil) at the same time, as opposed to bi-fuel, which would mean the engine could have the option of using either fuel separately.

Sources & Acknowledgements: Diesel Gas Africa

Contact Us

Anton Potgieter, Director082 926 0820anton@dgafrica.com

Dave Malherbe, Technical084 970 0280dave@dgafrica.com

CR

UD

E O

IL P

RIC

E P

RE

DIC

TIO

N

VECTO June 2013

44

DIESEL in South Africa:50ppm vs. 500ppm

VECTO June 2013

45

Diesel Grading

Effective since 2006, the Department of Minerals and Energy en-tered into legislation two grades of diesel with maximum sulphur levels of 500 parts per million (ppm) and 50ppm respectively.

While all diesel vehicles benefit from the use of low-sulphur diesel, the 50ppm grade was specifically introduced to accom-modate the increasing number of new technology diesel vehi-cles entering the South African market.

These new engines are designed to operate on current Euro-pean diesel fuel which has a maximum sulphur level of 50ppm, and to allow the introduction of new technology particle filter equipped diesel vehicles. These engines should only use diesel fuel with a sulphur level not exceeding 50ppm.

The 50ppm low sulphur grade is now being marketed by an increasing number of oil companies in South Africa alongside the standard 500ppm grade. Currently Vecto has access to some of the best quality 50ppm diesel in South africa and will import increasing stock levels in future.

Major concerns regarding presence of sulphur in fuels:

a) Health effect

Sulphur is the most important fuel parameter affecting exhaust emissions. It contributes significantly to fine particulate matter (PM) emissions through the formation of sulphates - both in the exhaust stream and later in the atmosphere. The sulphur con-tained in diesel fuel is likely to be transformed into gaseous sulphur compounds in the oxidation catalyst contained in the DPF system, and may be transformed through secondary sul-phate particulates in the atmosphere. The use of sulphur-free fuels in vehicles with DPF systems is recommended to avoid this phenomenon.

b) Technology limitation

Another reason for introducing lower sulphur fuels is to allow for the introduction of emissions control devices that can sig-nificantly reduce vehicle emissions. These technologies are al-ready in place and are continuously being improved to further control vehicle emissions. However, these technologies gener-ally require specific fuel qualities, often including low-sulphur levels.

The presence of sulphur in fuels restricts the possibilities to use or introduce emissions control technologies. Furthermore, the efficiency of some exhaust after-treatment systems is re-duced as fuel sulphur content increases, while others are ren-dered permanently ineffective through sulphur poisoning.

Did you know?

On average, modern diesel vehicles burn 30% less fuel and produce 25% less CO2 emissions than petrol vehicles. Diesel contains sulphur, however, which can be damaging to the environment. Standard diesel is classified as 500ppm. Lowering the ppm concentration of sulphur results in better diesel.Due to an additional refining process, low-sulphur diesel is ten times cleaner with only 50ppm of sulphur.

VECTO June 2013

46

c) Vehicle effect:

The presence of sulphur in diesel fuel can lead to the corrosion and wear of engine components. This can have a significant im-pact on engine life.

Benefits of using low-sulphur diesel

• Reduced corrosion wear to piston rings, cylinder liners and ex-haust system

• Longer engine life and less-frequent rebuilds

• Less-frequent oil changes

• Longer exhaust system life and less-frequent replacements

Superior additives

With the inclusion of a superior additive package the 50ppm grade of diesel fuel in South Africa is clearly positioned as a pre-mium product. It also offers further benefits:

1. Increased detergent additives

• Prevents the build-up of deposits on injector nozzles and even removes existing deposits

• Cleans-up the injection system allowing better combustion and increases injector life considerably

• Reduces downtime while maintaining the fuel system compo-nents

• Lowers fuel consumption

• Extends life of the engine as piston and general engine sludge and wear are reduced

2. Superior oxidation inhibitors

Oxidation inhibitors reduce fuel degradation and propensity to form deposits. Unless suitable additives are included in low-sulphur diesel, it increases the wear of fuel system components and adversely affects filter life as a result of clogging by deposit-forming sludge.

As sulphur levels are reduced, fuel stability requires special atten-tion. Inadequate thermal stability can result in fuel filter plugging. As fuel injection system pressures and temperatures increase, it may be more appropriate to measure the thermal oxidative stability of diesel fuel rather than only long-term storage stability.

3. Lubricity enhancers and anti-wear additives:

The process of reducing the sulphur level in diesel fuel reduces

VECTO June 2013

47

the natural lubricity of the fuel, which can cause increased wear in fuel pumps and other engine components.

The purpose of the lubricity and anti-wear additives is thus to:

• Protect fuel pumps and injectors

• Improve injector life

• Extend fuel system service life

4. Cetane number improvers

• The Cetane number is a measure of the compression ignition behaviour of diesel fuel. It influences cold startability, exhaust emissions and combustion noise.

• Increasing the Cetane number decreases the engine crank time at a given engine speed. Under cold start conditions, higher Cetane number fuels ignite more readily and at start-up have less white smoke (caused by unburned fuel).

• For light duty vehicles, significant reductions in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide can be achieved by increasing the Ce-tane number.

• To the driver, the most noticeable effect of higher Cetane fuels is the reduction in the diesel engine knock combustion noise.

• An increase in natural Cetane has been shown to reduce fuel consumption.

5. Anti-foam additive

Diesel fuel has a tendency to generate foam during tank filling which slows the process and risks an overflow. Anti-foaming agents are added to the fuel as a component of a multifunctional additive package to help speed up or to allow more complete fill-ing of vehicle fuel tanks.

Their use also minimises the likelihood of fuel splashing on the ground which in turn reduces the risk of spills polluting the ground and atmosphere.

Advantages include:

• Quicker, safer and cleaner refuelling

• Less foam is generated and collapses within a third of the time

6. Anti-corrosion additive

It is not uncommon for small amounts of water to be present in diesel fuel. The purpose of the anti-corrosion additive is to pro-vide increased protection against corrosion in fuel tanks and pipelines, as well as the injectors and the injector pump.

Diesel Grading

VECTO June 2013

48

Standing the test of time

Recognising Value

“As the market over the past few years has become increasingly

aware of the need for good lubricants, more and more

companies are recognising the outstanding quality offered by

our range of products,” says Bruce Ireland, Director of Mega

Lube. He adds that, over the last four years Mega Lube has

experienced a twenty-fold growth and is currently amongst

the largest independent lubricant producers in South Africa,

offering an extensive range of lubricants.

Mega Lube is fast becoming the leader in the lubricant and grease industry

VECTO June 2013

IN PROUD

ASSOCIATION WITH VECTO

49VECTO June 2013

Mega Lube Product profile

According to Ireland, it is not that easy to produce a new

product and introduce it to the market, not to mention

educating consumers with regard to the benefits of using

lubricants for advanced operation.

Mega Lube’s thorough approach has been favourably

greeted by mining enterprises, the trucking industry and the

agricultural sector, hailing them as industry leaders. They are

constantly emerging with new products.

Mega Lube was not only the first company to offer a refill

sachet for lubricating sprays, but also the first to independently

develop a fully degradable lubricant. Mega Lube’s production

growth has shot up to 500,000t mineral oil a month, 80,000t

synthetic products and 90t of grease per month.

Their plant in Alberton is already operating at full capacity

and another plant is being erected in Heidelberg. At the

heart of the company, the laboratory has recently been

upgraded with the latest testing technology to ensure that the

superior quality for which Mega Lube have become known is

maintained.

An automatic system for measuring viscosity, as well

as a new spectrometer, offering faster, more detailed oil

composition analysis has also been added. Independent

third-party analysis is still employed, but they are now able to

expand their service offerings to include the regular testing of

a client’s equipment.

Special lubricants

Mega Lube’s product range has expanded to such an extent

that it now also includes special greases and oils for use in

specific applications.

Consumers are presented lubricants with low consumption

which offer protection against corrosion for open gear systems,

specialised oils for compressors and a range of food-grade

lubricants. Mega Lube has also developed degradable oils,

making them the first company to produce fully degradable

and soluble lubricants.

The mess caused by the refilling of hand-lubricating sprays

encouraged Mega Lube to create the refill sachet. To refill the

spray, simply place the full bag into the sprayer. This avoids

any grease spills, eliminates product wastage and ensures

As the saying goes:

Experience is the best teacher, and we believe that the positive results that our clients have experienced over the years is proof that our recipe works and that our clients are pleased with our products. – Mega Lube

50

that the grease itself is not contaminated.

The petrochemical lubricant industry is not only highly

competitive, but includes its fair share of opportunists. For this

reason, Mega Lube works particularly hard at maintaining a

reliable and creditworthy reputation.

Years of hard work have finally paid off, and Mega Lube can

proudly announce that their engine oils have been endorsed

by the Manufacturers of Original Equipment (OEMs) such

as Cummins, MTU, Mercedes, Volvo and Komatsu. This is a

major achievement for any independent mixer.

The quality of engine oil is determined by the standards set

by the American Petroleum institute, who clearly mark each

and every container. Make sure you see the symbol denoting

their authorization or the OEM logo on the label before

purchasing your oil.

Just as healthy blood is essential to sustain life, oil is the

essential lifeblood of an engine. It really is the most affordable

way to extend the life of your engine.

Top quality - without a doubt

Vecto is so pleased with the quality of Mega Lube products that we currently offer ONLY Mega Lube’s oil and lubricant products to our customers.

Sources & Acknowledgements: Originally published in Spilpunt, March 2013

VECTO June 2013

Mega Lube Product profile

51VECTO April 2013 00 - April 2013 VECTO VECTO April 2013 - 00

Even though diesel is the most commonly used fuel within South Africa’s commercial, agricultural and mining industries, it is prone to problems relating to incomplete combustion, deposits and poor emissions. Diesel deposit build-up on injectors and valves, as well as in combustion chambers can have a negative impact on a vehicles performance. While low sulphur diesel (50ppm) tends to have far less natural lubricity, all number two diesel fuels are predisposed to cold weather gelling problems. Mega Lube Diesel Injector Conditioner is a detergent/dispersant additive for automotive diesel fuels, which aids in enhancing lubricity properties and combatting cold weather complications.

Mega Lube is fast becoming a market leader in petrochemical performance lubricants and greases.

Benefits

• Prevents engine deposits

• Prevents rust formation

• Prevents/ treats clogged injectors

• Prevents foaming

• Prevents water build-up

• Prevents microbial contamination

• Prevents filter and injector plugging

• Decreases exhaust smoke

• Decreases friction

• Decreases maintenance costs

• Decreases oil burning

• Increases fuel mileage

• Improves fuel economy

• Eases cold weather start-ups

• Sheds water

• Extends engine life

Caution: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention.

www.vecto.co.za

MEGA LUBE DIESEL

INJECTOR CONDITIONER

VECTO

IS A PROUD

SUPPLIER OF

MEGA LUBE

PRODUCTS

Product profile

VECTO April 2013 52info@vecto.co.za ° www.vecto.co.za

Every step of the way...Your partner in success

VECTO PETROLEUM