VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape...Why Chicken Feathers? 20-22% Other wastes (blood,...
Transcript of VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape...Why Chicken Feathers? 20-22% Other wastes (blood,...
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VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS:
Tamrat Tesfaye
Supervisors :- Prof. Bruce Sithole
14 February 2017
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Chicken Processing
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Why Chicken Feathers?
20-22% Other wastes (blood, head, feet, viscerae, bones)
8-10 % feathers
68 -72 % meat
Human beings do not consume chicken feathers (…at least not on purpose!)
45
gto
2.5
-3.0
kgaf
ter
42
to4
5d
ays
-Th
eyar
esl
augh
tere
d(A
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y,1
99
2).
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World poultry production
• Broiler chickens: 58 billion chickens
• 46.6 billion lbs chicken meat in USA
• 20 billion pounds feathers
North West
25%
Western Cape
22%Mpumalanga
18%
KwaZulu-
Natal
16%
Eastern Cape
7%
Gauteng
5%Free State
5%
Limpopo
1%
Northern Cape
1%
Distribution of slaughtering-SA
0
500
1000
1500
20052007200920112013
Bro
ilers
sla
ugh
tere
d
(Mill
ion
s)
Year
Broilers slaughtered in
SA
528 million pound chicken feathers/annum
275 broiler producers and 231contract growers, (SAPA, 2013).
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UTILIZATION OF FEATHERS:- Present Scenario
• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each year?
Utilization and disposal
techniques/ present scenario
Burial and controlled land
filling
Incineration Medical
applicationsDecorative purpose
Shuttle cocks
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Current Research
Disinfection
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Valorisation routes
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STRUCTURE OF FEATHERS
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Morphological structure
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
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Structure of Chicken feathers
• Low density - No natural or synthetic fibres can compete• Excellent compressibility, sound dampening, and warmth retention
Composition of chicken feathers:• 91% protein (keratin) 1% lipids, and 8% water.
• Disulphide bonds, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, salt linkages and cross linkages (Schmidt,2001).
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Feather fibers, yarn and fabricsBlending with other fibers
Biodegradable plastics
UTILIZATION OF FEATHERS:- Future prospects
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BiomedicalEngineering
Packing materialThe feathers used to producebioresin plastic
Water purification• Sponges
Fuel Storage
• strong, lightweight, hollow tubes.
• more porous after heating
• Increased surface area
Biofuels and biodiesel
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Paper industry and Filtration
Geotextiles • Stiff and rigid:• restricts soil erosion• Increases soil moisture content
Pharmaceuticals Fats: cholesterol source synthesis of vitamin D3Steroid pharmaceuticals
CosmeticsFor skin:- increases skin elasticityand hydration.For hair:- moisturising properties
Construction industry
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Conclusions
• Low cost, large availability and unique properties
• Increase national security by decreasing reliance on foreign oil resources.
• Minimize environmental pollution
• Enhance economic benefits for the poultry producers, processors, andstimulate development of feather product industries.