Using Iron-rich Fertilizer to increase Hemoglobin in Rhizobium Nodules Danny Muslin.
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Transcript of Using Iron-rich Fertilizer to increase Hemoglobin in Rhizobium Nodules Danny Muslin.
Using Iron-rich Fertilizer to increase Hemoglobin in
Rhizobium Nodules Danny Muslin
Need
World fertilizer prices surged by more than 200 percent in 2007 (international Center for Soil Fertility and Agricultural Development)
Nitrogen Cycle
Rhizobium
• Rod shaped Gram -ve bacteria
• Fixes nitrogen after infecting host plants
• Has a mutually beneficial relationship with the host
Rhizobium Nodules
• Inside the nodules is where nitrogen fixation occurs
• Nodules have a finite lifespan.
(in the case of soybean, estimated at 50-60 days )
Hemoglobin
• An iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein
Depiction of hemoglobin in a human adult
Exogenous iron increases hemoglobin in beta-thalassemic mice.(Ginzburg et al., 2008)
• Exogenous iron increases hemoglobin production in beta-thalassemic mice
THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS IRON ON FORMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN IN
THE PREMATURE INFANT (Hammond, 1960)
• Found that extra iron supplements can be utilized by infants to increase hemoglobin concentration
Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants By Y. Chen, Y. Hadar, Seagram Center for
Soil and Water Sciences (1991)
• State that nodulation and nitrogen fixation occur at a more efficient rate when a steady supply of iron is present
FeFeFe
Methionine Implication In Rhizobial Iron Acquisition from Hemoglobin
(Battistoni, 2006)
• Rhizboia can utilize hemi, hemoglobin, mioglobin, leghemoglobin, and siderophores as iron sources and transporters
Chelated Iron
• Iron that has undergone chelation
• Easier for plants to absorb
Method of Testing for Hemoglobin in Rhizobium Nodules
• Method used will be:
Cyanmethemoglobin Method for Determining Hemoglobin Concentration
Purpose
• The purpose of this experiment is to increase the rate of nitrogen fixation in rhizobium nodules by using chelated iron-rich fertilizer to increase hemoglobin production in the nodules. The amount of hemoglobin in a nodule is correlated to the amount of nitrogen it is fixing
Hypothesis
• Alternate: The group that is exposed to chelated iron will have a higher concentration of hemoglobin and a higher rate of nitrogen fixation
• Null: The groups will not be different with respect to hemoglobin levels and amount of nitrogen fixed
Methodology FlowchartIron-rich fertilizer to increase hemoglobin in rhizobium nodules
Soybean Plants (Glycine max)
Control (200)Soybean plants without R. Leguminosarum or chelated iron fertilizer
Rhizobium (200)Soybean plants with R. Leguminosarum, without chelated iron fertilizer
Rhizobium /w Iron (200)Soybean plants with R. Leguminosarum and chelated iron fertilizer
The two groups that have nodulation will be tested for nodule hemoglobin using the cyanomethemeglobin method once a week (this allows for nodule regrowth). After the first
week (allowing nitrogen to be fixed) all groups will then also be tested once a week, (on the same day as the hemoglobin test), for amount of nitrogen fixed using a LaMotte nitrogen
test kit
The amount of nitrogen fixed by each group will be measured in pounds, and the amount of hemoglobin in rhizobium nodules will be measured in Hgb Values of g/100ml.
The results for nitrogen fixation and hemoglobin levels, will both separately be analyzed with a one-way ANOVA followed by a scheffe post-hoc test
Budget