Using Information in Practice Nigel Hart & Kieran Mc Glade Medical School, Queen’s University,...
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Using Using Information in Information in
PracticePracticeNigel Hart & Kieran Mc Nigel Hart & Kieran Mc
GladeGlade
Medical School, Queen’s University, Belfast
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OutlineOutline
Data, Information & KnowledgeData, Information & Knowledge
The Information FrameworkThe Information Framework
Information access : worked Information access : worked examplesexamples
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DATA
INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
PROCESS
ASSIMILATION
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DataData
Facts, images or sounds that may or Facts, images or sounds that may or may not be pertinent or useful for a may not be pertinent or useful for a particular taskparticular task
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InformationInformation
Useful data whose form and content Useful data whose form and content are relevant, appropriate and are relevant, appropriate and interpretable for a particular modelinterpretable for a particular model
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KnowledgeKnowledge
Combination of information, Combination of information, instincts, rules and procedures that instincts, rules and procedures that guide actions and decisionsguide actions and decisions
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Data:Information:KnowleData:Information:Knowledge - Importance and dge - Importance and
PositionPosition Medicine – A Medicine – A
Data/Information/Knowledge - rich Data/Information/Knowledge - rich environmentenvironment
D:I:K – Intellectual CapitalD:I:K – Intellectual Capital D:I:K – Plays a central & pivotal role in D:I:K – Plays a central & pivotal role in
daily transactions. daily transactions. The knowledge explosionThe knowledge explosion
Human knowledge doubling every 33 yearsHuman knowledge doubling every 33 years Medical knowledge doubling every 19 yearsMedical knowledge doubling every 19 years
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DATA
INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
PROCESS
ASSIMILATION
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What is information?What is information?
“A synthesis of two or more items of data using the declared relationships between them so as to convey meaning about those data items to the observer.”
McGlade Feb 2000
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Why is information Why is information important : Part I?important : Part I?
“As a general rule the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information.”
Benjamin Disraeli 1804-1881
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Why is information Why is information important : Part II?important : Part II?
““The right information at the right The right information at the right time is nine-tenths of any battle” time is nine-tenths of any battle”
Napoleon Napoleon BonaparteBonaparte
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Information ManagementInformation Management
Information Management describes Information Management describes the means by which an organisation the means by which an organisation efficiently plans, collects, organises, efficiently plans, collects, organises, uses, controls, disseminates and uses, controls, disseminates and disposes of its information, and disposes of its information, and through which it ensures that the through which it ensures that the value of that information is identified value of that information is identified and exploited to the fullest extent.and exploited to the fullest extent.
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Information: PoliticsInformation: Politics
• Information is powerInformation is power• Information sharing has to be Information sharing has to be
fosteredfostered
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Information: CharacteristicsInformation: Characteristics
accurateaccurate timely timely relevantrelevant fit for the purposefit for the purpose
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Information Characteristics: Information Characteristics: An exampleAn example
Vignette:Vignette:You are the obstetric doctor on-callYou are the obstetric doctor on-call
You are called to a 28 yr old woman short of You are called to a 28 yr old woman short of breath, with chest pain and now coughing breath, with chest pain and now coughing up bloodup blood
You diagnose : You diagnose :
a Pulmonary Embolism (PE)a Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
You know that there is a unit protocol which You know that there is a unit protocol which should be followedshould be followed
What happens next……………What happens next……………
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Information: CharacteristicsInformation: Characteristics
accurateaccurate timely timely relevantrelevant fit for the purposefit for the purpose
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The problem with informationThe problem with information
Too littleToo little Too muchToo much Wrong formatWrong format Difficulty in retrievalDifficulty in retrieval
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Information GatheringInformation Gathering
Knowing what you knowKnowing what you know Knowing what you need to knowKnowing what you need to know Knowing how to find out what you Knowing how to find out what you
need to knowneed to know Collating what you knowCollating what you know Being able to access what you know Being able to access what you know
in a timely, accurate, relevant form in a timely, accurate, relevant form which is fit for the purposewhich is fit for the purpose
Knowing what you don’t knowKnowing what you don’t know
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Organising informationOrganising information
Who is going to use the information?Who is going to use the information? For what purpose?For what purpose? In what format do they require the In what format do they require the
information?information?
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Synthesizing informationSynthesizing information
From raw dataFrom raw data Via information from other sourcesVia information from other sources To knowledgeTo knowledge
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Information framework: Information framework: informationinformation
Something that people need to know Something that people need to know and apply in their work, to achieve and apply in their work, to achieve their objectives and those of the their objectives and those of the organisationorganisation
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Information framework: Information framework: acquisitionacquisition
What information do staff in this unit What information do staff in this unit ACQUIRE?ACQUIRE? Where do they get it from, internal or Where do they get it from, internal or
external sources (or both)?external sources (or both)? PatientsPatients PartnersPartners ReceptionistsReceptionists Drug RepsDrug Reps DOHDOH BMABMA Public Health LaboratoryPublic Health Laboratory
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Information framework: Information framework: creationcreation
What information do staff in this unit What information do staff in this unit CREATE?CREATE? How do they create it?How do they create it? Why do they create it?Why do they create it?
Patients’ notesPatients’ notes MemosMemos GuidelinesGuidelines ProtocolsProtocols
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Information framework: Information framework: processprocess
What information do staff in this unit What information do staff in this unit PROCESS?PROCESS? How do they store it?How do they store it? How do they file it?How do they file it? How do they extract information?How do they extract information? How do they input information?How do they input information? How do they search for information? How do they search for information?
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Information framework: Information framework: transmissiontransmission
What information do staff in this unit What information do staff in this unit TRANSMIT?TRANSMIT? To whom?To whom? Inside or outside the organisation?Inside or outside the organisation? In what format?In what format? Why?Why?
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Information framework: peopleInformation framework: people
Who are the people involved?Who are the people involved? What is their remit?What is their remit? What are their responsibilities?What are their responsibilities? What do they consider to be their What do they consider to be their
responsibilities?responsibilities? What information-handling skills do What information-handling skills do
they have?they have?
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Information framework: peopleInformation framework: people
Colleagues working in a unit can be Colleagues working in a unit can be defined as stakeholding groupsdefined as stakeholding groups
Different groups have different Different groups have different information needsinformation needs
These needs may conflictThese needs may conflict
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Information in the practice
In the doctor’s head
On the shelf
In the case notes
In colleagues’ heads
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Difficulties with Difficulties with information in General information in General
PracticePractice Getting the right information at the Getting the right information at the
right time.right time. Workload and brevity of consultations.Workload and brevity of consultations. Large number of knowledge domains.Large number of knowledge domains. Reliability of information difficult to Reliability of information difficult to
assess.assess. Keeping up to date.Keeping up to date.
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How can technology and the internet help?
Document access Online Journals
Keep up to date
CPD
Answer difficult questions Contact with peers
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Some worked examplesSome worked examples
Is St John’s Wort any good?Is St John’s Wort any good?
What is the best treatment option for prostate What is the best treatment option for prostate carcinoma in a 45 year oldcarcinoma in a 45 year old
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I’ve been told St John’s Wort is I’ve been told St John’s Wort is very helpful for depression - very helpful for depression - what do you think doctor?what do you think doctor?
What do you say?What do you say? I’m not that sort of doctor.I’m not that sort of doctor. That’s just so much mumbo-jumbo.That’s just so much mumbo-jumbo. Let me see if there are any Let me see if there are any
systematicsystematic
reviewsreviews
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What is the best What is the best treatment for a 45 year treatment for a 45 year
old with prostate cancer?old with prostate cancer?Search EnginesSearch Engines
CDCCDC
ProdigyProdigy
NICENICE
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CONCLUSIONS