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Using Community Survey Results to Influence: Early …Southern Rural Access Program Spring Meeting...
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Southern Rural Access Program Spring MeetingMemphis, TNApril 24, 2003
Using Community Survey Results to Influence:
Early Results of the SRAP Evaluation’s Access-to-Care Survey
Donald Pathman, Samruddhi Thaker, Jennifer Groves, Jennifer Albright,
for the SRAP Evaluation TeamUNC-Chapel Hill
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Presentation Overview
update on program logics and report data
understanding and measuring access to care
early findings from SRAP access survey
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Phase II Program Logics and Progress Report Data
all logic models are completed: thanks!
progress reports are coming in regularly
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Phase II Program Logics and Progress Report Data
all logic models are completed: thanks!
progress reports are coming in regularly
*** evaluation team will only be tracking outcome objectives
we refined which objectives we will track as outcomes
includes approximately 1/3 of objectives
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Phase II Program Logics and Progress Data
NPO will monitor progress on all objectives
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Phase II Program Logics and Progress Data
NPO will monitor progress on all objectives
Why the focus?
progress in implementation is primarily an issue of SRAP management, not evaluation
to allow the evaluation to focus on monitoring outcomes and impact (health professionals, access indicators)
implementation success is generally accepted
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Examples of Outcome Objectives Evaluation Will Track
Whether targeted number of participants completed a program. [dose]
Whether participants learned what was intended. [knowledge/attitudes]
Whether subsequent careers and choices changed. [behavior]
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Access to Health Care
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Access to Health Care: Importance
Fundamental to notions of people’s health and equality in health and health care
One of the three basic measures of a sound health care system: access, quality, cost
THE focus of the SRAP
Central to all of our work and personal goals
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Access to Health Care
But what is it?
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Access to Health Care: Definition
Number of visits to practitioners (“realized access”)Anderson and Aday
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Access to Health Care: Definition
Number of visits to practitioners (“realized access”)Anderson and Aday
Absence of barriers to needed care Donabedian
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Access to Health Care: Definition
Number of visits to practitioners (“realized access”)Anderson and Aday
Absence of barriers to needed care Donabedian
Number of visits, plus timeliness and quality of care IOM
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Access to Health Care: Measurement
How do we know when access is good?
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Access to Health Care: Measurement
How do we know when access is good?
What measures should be used to evaluate access?
regular source of care?
# of office visits?
having health insurance?
quality of care?
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Access to Health Care: Measurement
“There is no gold standard in the access measurement field”
Survey questions should match the purpose for which the data are to be used.
(Jim Knickman, Health Affairs, 1998)
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Access to Health Care: Measurement lessons learned
Access has many dimensions that should be measured
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Access to Health Care: Measurement lessons learned
Access has many dimensions that should be measured
Access should be assessed with respect to:
a specific type of health service
a relatively recent past period of time
for specific individuals, not families
for specific groups
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Health Care Access Survey in the SRAP Evaluation
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Access Survey in the SRAP Evaluation
Why?
Foundation wanted outcomes demonstrated.
including measures of communities’ access
program effects can only be guessed at unless formally measured
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Access Survey in the SRAP Evaluation
Why?
Foundation wanted outcomes demonstrated.
No data available from other sources.
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Access Survey in the SRAP Evaluation
Why?
Foundation wanted outcomes demonstrated.
No data available from other sources.all available national data do not allow state, sub-state or rural assessments (MEPS, NHIS)
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Access Survey in the SRAP Evaluation
Why?
Foundation wanted outcomes demonstrated.
No data available from other sources.all available national data do not allow state, sub-state or rural assessments (MEPS, NHIS)
Healthy People 2010: “The availability of data . . . may be somewhat limited at the State level and it represents a substantial challenge for measurement at the local level.”
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Access Survey in the SRAP Evaluation
Why?
Foundation wanted outcomes demonstrated.
No data available from other sources.
Opportunity for something a little new.
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Access Survey in the SRAP Evaluation
Why?
Foundation wanted outcomes demonstrated.
No data available from other sources.
Opportunity for something a little new.
gather within-state, rural-specific access data for contiguous US states
assemble a wide array of data on access to outpatient medical services
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Access Survey in the SRAP Evaluation
Why?
Foundation wanted outcomes demonstrated.
No data available from other sources.
Opportunity for something a little new.
Hoped detailed access data would be useful to SRAP grantees in planning and evaluation.
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SRAP Access Survey
Telephone survey; P.R.C., Inc. of Omaha
600 adults in SRAP-targeted rural counties of each state (4,800 total)
English and Spanish
November 2002 – May 2003
Follow-up survey ~ 2005-6
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SRAP Access Survey
Target population:
150 rural counties (omitted 7 urban counties)
2.52M adult population
19.6% adults below poverty
36.7% African Americans
2.4% Hispanics
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SRAP Access Survey: Focus
Access to outpatient routine care (mostly primary care)
For adults
Over past year
Used items from previous national surveys, published studies, and some new items
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Access to Health Care: Model
Demographics
Need for care (health status)
Use of services (“realized access”)
Perceptions of access
Satisfaction with care
Propensity to seek care
Quality of care Barriers
Enabling resources
Precursors Use of Services Outcomes
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SRAP Health Care Access Survey
Data presented today
4,237 respondents to date
506 to 573 respondents per state
50% overall response rate; 44% to 55% per state
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4,237 Respondents
Gender66% female
Race-ethnicity28% African American
1.9% Hispanics
Age21% > 65 y
Misc.18% < high school degree
54% married
6.6% unemployed
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Handling Data
All data are weighted for gender, age and county size.
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Handling Data
All data are weighted for gender, age and county size.
Not age-adjusted.
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Handling Data
All data are weighted for gender, age and county size.
Not age-adjusted.
Caution!!• Data are brand new
• We’re new handling these data
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Show Survey Data for Yourstate
Yourstate is an actual SRAP state
Data shown will be this state’s actual findings
Is it your state?
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Access to Health Care: Model
Demographics
Need for care (health state)
Use of services (“realized access”)
Perceptions of access
Satisfaction with care
Propensity to seek care
Quality of care Barriers
Enabling resources
Precursors Use of Services Outcomes
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Yourstate: Realized Access Indicators
72.2
80.7
85.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Yourstate
All SRAP
national(BRFSS 2000)
% w/ a doctor visit in past year
Average # doctor visits in past year 5.1
5.5
0 2.5 5 7.5 10
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Yourstate: Realized Access Indicators
11.9
13.2
0 5 10 15
Yourstate
All SRAP
% who did not get needed health care in past year
% who delayed needed health care in past year 7
11
28.9
0 10 20 30 40
Yourstate
National
HP2010 target*
* MEPS question was “difficulty or delays in obtaining care”
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Yourstate: Perceptions of Access
14.8
11.6
0 5 10 15
16.9
13.4
0 5 10 15 20
% who believe it is difficult to get routine health care
% who believe it is getting harder to get needed care
. . . easier to get needed care 16.7
21.7
0 5 10 15 20 25
Yourstate
All SRAP
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Access to Health Care: Model
Demographics
Need for care (health state)
Use of services (“realized access”)
Perceptions of access
Satisfaction with care
Propensity to seek care
Quality of careBarriers
Enabling resources
Precursors Use of Services Outcomes
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Yourstate: Satisfaction with care
% not confident that doc will be of help
% dissatisfied w/quality of care
% dissatisfied w/ care overall
7.5
12.0
19.5
7.1
5.5
17.0
0 5 10 15 20
YourstateAll SRAPNational
4.1
2.9
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Yourstate: Satisfaction with care
6.9
6.6
6.6
8.6
4.3
6.2
0 2.5 5 7.5 10
YourstateAll SRAP
% dissatisfied w/ concern shown
% dissatisfied w/ getting questions answered
% dissatisfied w/ feeling unwelcome & uncomfortable
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Yourstate: Quality of care received
72.2
75.6
80.6
0 20 40 60 80 100
Yourstate
All SRAP
NationalBRFSS, 2000
% who had routine check-up in past year
% w/ cholesterol check within past 5 years 80
67
70.4
0 20 40 60 80 100
Yourstate
National
HP2010target
NHIS, 1998
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Yourstate: Quality of care received
90
64
56.1
0 20 40 60 80 100
Yourstate
national
2010target
(1998 national)% over 64 y with flu shot in past year
% over 54 y who have ever had sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
50
3743
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Yourstate
national
2010target
(2000 national)
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Access to Health Care: Model
Demographics
Need for care (health state)
Use of services (“realized access”)
Perceptions of access
Satisfaction with care
Propensity to seek care
Quality of careBarriers
Enabling resources
Precursors Use of Services Outcomes
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Yourstate: Barriers/Enabling factors to care
16.0
15
0 10 20 30
Yourstate
National
HP 2010target
0
21.0
4
21.0
11.8
30.2 (All SRAP)
(2002)
(2000)
% uninsured (among < 65 y.o.)
% w/o usual source of care
% who prefer self-treatment
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Yourstate: Office barriers
% rating it difficult to get appt within 1-2 days
% rating it difficult to reach physician by phone
Mean wait time in office (minutes) 28.6
17.0
12.3
29.8
14.7
8.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
YourstateAll SRAP
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Yourstate: Local doctor availability and travel barriers
11.0
22.6
45.3
14.7
27.7
49.0
0 10 20 30 40 50
YourstateAll SRAP
% perceive too few local physicians
Mean travel time to office (minutes)
% rating travel to office as difficult
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Yourstate: Other perceived barriers
31.9
37.0
0 10 20 30 40
Yourstate
All SRAP
% perceiving race/ethnicity is a barrier to care in community
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Yourstate: Other perceived barriers
Reasons given for not getting or postponing needed care:
Yourstate (n=117)
Did not want to go
Cost
No time/Too busy
Couldn’t get appt quickly
Transportation
Waited to see if I got better
Employer
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Yourstate: Other perceived barriers
Reasons given for not getting or postponing needed care:
Yourstate (n=117) All SRAP states (n=1436)
Did not want to go (29)
Cost (23)
No time/Too busy (17)
Couldn’t get appt quickly
Transportation
Waited to see if I got better
Employer
Cost (416)
Did not want to go (282)
No time/too busy (203)
Waited to see if I got better
Transportation
No insurance
Couldn’t get appt quickly
Do not like going to doctors
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Yourstate: Other perceived barriers
Perceived greatest changes needed for local health care system:
Yourstate
No changes (n=77)
More doctors (n=69)
Transportation (n=39)
Costs of care (n=29)
Prompter care (n=22)
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Yourstate: Other perceived barriers
Perceived greatest changes needed for local health care system:
Yourstate All SRAP states
No changes (n=77)
More doctors (69)
Transportation (39)
Costs of care (29)
Prompter care (22)
No changes (n=849)
More doctors (602)
Costs of care (416)
Transportation (194)
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Yourstate: Summary of Access
Compared to other adults in the US and/or Southeast, adults of the Yourstate like to doctor and do so relatively often, yet feel they would go even more often if not for barriers.
Although they generally have a usual source of care, they travel somewhat further to get there and feel there aren’t enough physicians locally.
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Yourstate: Summary of Access
They are generally satisfied with the customer service they receive, but have concerns about the quality of care and whether their physicians will help their problems. Some prevention service rates are, indeed, low.
Their own attitudes about doctoring and about the convenience and logics of getting care--all personal issues--are important self-reported barriers.
Lack of insurance and racial barriers are also significant issues.
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Yourstate: Interventions Suggested by Data
Further evaluate quality of care in region; address quality if confirmed to be a problem.
Design consumer education interventions to teach:
when doctoring is appropriate.
appropriate self-care for when one chooses not to see a doctor.
how to advocate for one’s health needs when seeing a doctor.
Expand health insurance coverage.
Clarify and address racial barriers to care.
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Future Steps with These Data
Age-adjust analyses.
Sub-group analyses
race
smallest rural counties
poorest counties or individuals
elderly
Complete search for comparison data.
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Future Steps with These Data
How should these data be made available to individual states/grantees?