Using ArcGIS Server Data to Assist in Planimetric Update Process

Jim Stout - IMAGIS

Rick Hammond – Woolpert

Using ArcGIS Server Data to Assist in Planimetric Update Process

Jim Stout - IMAGIS

Rick Hammond – Woolpert

Using ArcGIS Data to Assist in Planimetric Update Process

Jim Stout - IMAGIS

Rick Hammond – Woolpert

Proper Use of Search and Replace in MS Word

Jim Stout - IMAGIS

Rick Hammond – Woolpert

TAGG – Tidemark Automated Geography Generator.

Tidemark / Accela Permitting System

1) All Permits

2) Building Permits

Beginnings

Desire to see new structure locations quicker.

2 year planimetric update cycle.

So why not?........

So why not?........

Include all permits, not just buildings.

Ok, well citizen requests are just locations too. And even more folks would like to easily see them.

Indy’s annual wish list…..

Self-maintaining Data.

So how it accomplished?

Master Address Database

(MAD)

Server is actually used in the workflow

Options Considered

Oracle PL/Sql Procedures

ArcGIS Web Service

ArcSDE Java API

SDE Java API

What is it? Java programming interface Process and analyze SDE data

Why SDE Java API

Database Solution Geometry Creation Follows SDE and geodatabase rules

Why SDE Java API

Database Solution Automated, hidden application Needed to run within Oracle System architecture – two servers

Java Stored Procedures

Java Stored Procedures

What are they? Java classes Stored within Oracle Operated via Oracle’s Java Virtual

Machine

Why Java Stored Procedures

Oracle Integration Class files stored in database schema Efficient integration with PL/SQL Oracle developed with Java in mind

System Architecture Database solution: Two-server

architecture Stability Secure

TAGG Solution Workflow

Saved PermitCase

TAGG Solution Workflow cont…

AFTER_INSERTTRIGGER

TAGG Solution Workflow cont…

SDE Server

MasterAddress

All Permits

New Development

New Construction

Planimetrics(in-house?)

March 14, 2007

Jim StoutIMAGIS Program Manager

jrstout@iupui.edu

Matt McCormackIMAGIS Technical Manager

mmccorma@indygov.org

Agenda

Orthophotography and how it applies to Planimetrics – Know your Photos

Planimetrics – definition and discussion

Examples

Questions?

What is Orthophotography?

A series of digital aerial photographs that have been corrected to remove distortions and adjusted to fit the ground or terrain surface.

Traditionally produced from scanned film, more recently acquired digitally, usually a mosaic or “stitched” together.

Cameras Distort Images

All imagery hasspatial error dueto the distortingnature ofphotography.

Film Storage Room

Film Scanners

Frame Cameras take Square FootprintGPS – Inertial Measurement Unit IMU

ADS40www.earthdata.com

Why Orthophotography?

Orthophotography has the geometric characteristics of a map and the image qualities of a photograph. These qualities allow for: on line viewing of imagery feature identification and data collection display of imagery with GIS data

Positional Accuracy

The variation between: the coordinates for

a feature on the photo.

the actual location of that feature on the earth’s surface.

Considerations?

Resolution, Positional Accuracy, and type of imagery are key to the usefulness the orthophotography and ability to digitize features. Ground Sample Distance

(Pixel Size, Resolving Power) Surface (DEM) used to rectify Color vs. Pancromatic (black and white)

Pixel Resolution

1-meter vs 6-inch pixels vs 1:25,000 centerlines

Example of one orthophototile:

4,000 feetby

4,000 feet

1-foot pixel resolution.

2005Orthos

2004 Orthophoto 2005 “True” OrthophotoManual process: elevation points at top corners of tall buildings

Color vs. Black & White

Color vs. Black & White

Relief Distortion (Ground Distortion)

Building Lean (radial displacement)

2002 2002 OrthosOrthos withwithold DEMold DEM

2003 2003 OrthosOrthos withwithnew DEMnew DEM

What are Planimetrics?Lines, points, polygons, or symbols that represent “features” you

can see (and digitize) from aerial photography.

Typical planimetric features might include:

• Road pavement

• Bridges

• Buildings / Houses

• Parking

• Airport Runways

• Hydrology (lakes, rivers, streams, ditches)

• Sidewalks

• Utilities (poles, hydrants, manholes, inlets)

• Pools

• Drainage structures (levees, dams, headwalls)

Why do I need Planimetrics?• Basemap to reference other GIS data (parcels,

addresses, centerlines, permits, etc.)

• Attributes and links to other data / systems that can’t be easily accomplished with raster data.

• Faster display times than raster imagery –smaller file sizes.

• Ability to display by features for differing mapping purposes (layer control).

• Analyses (area, length, buffer, etc.)

• Routing.

Some areas are easier than others.

Disaster Relief Centers

What Digitizing Methods Should I Use?

1) Stereo compilation in 3D from stereo pairs+ generally more accurate, easier to interpret easier to interpret features in stereo, resulting 3D data, multiple views of each feature in overlapping photo, stereo imagery is typically of a better quality.

- more expensive tools (HW/SW), more overhead (storage) for imagery, more training, more manhours, typically outsourced.

2) Automatic feature extraction+ machine intensive (not manhour), fairly good results for small scale mapping and some applications

- requires extensive editing, complicated programs, limited success, repeatability issues from year-to-year.

3) Heads-up digitizing "2D“+ less expensive HW/SW, less training, accuracy meets many requirements, achievable for organizations with limited funds, scalable (can add features as staff time and resources permit).

- less accurate, limitations due to imagery distortions (radial displacement, relief displacement and radial displacement of above ground features), only one image source (you get what is there), resulting 2D data.

Stereoscope

DEM makes photo “swim”from year to year – as seen in road edge.

Photo “swim” is relevant to capture of impervious surfaces.

All Permits

New Development

New Construction

Further considerations for “digitizing” planimetric features

Data Standards What feature do you want to collect and how should they be represented? Accuracy of digitizing, zoom factor, compensation for displacement Point density on curves, streamed data Snapping order Polygon vs. Polyline vs. Point Data model (attributes, layering, databases -- yearcodes) Order of Collection is important Typical Planimetrics Order of Collection Roads Buildings Parking Drainage Utilities

Drawing order:> road> building> parking> hydro> utilities

Note building lean compensation

Digitizing Gone Wrong !!!,

or what not to do whenyou collect your data!

Didn’t compensate for Building Lean

Omitted Building

DEM causes photo warping at bridges and thus bad planimetrics.

Considerations for “digitizing” planimetric featuresNeed adequate Imagery or Orthophotography

Specifications for photogrammetry and orthophotography are essential

Imagery Specifications Accuracy (flight height, control, GPS, IMU) Resolution (smaller pixels = better resolution) DEM (current and adequate for rectification) Minimize displacement or building lean (side lap and addition flights in

“downtown”) Leaf off (Spring or fall flight so you can see features through vegetation) Minimize shadows (sun angle) Weather (need clear windless days) Committed Contractor

Color vs. Pancromatic+ more visual clues with color, easier to distinguish features (roof undertrees, pavement vs. gravel, roof vs. parking), better for plotting, generallymore pleasing to the eye.– Color generally less “sharp” than Pancromatic, more bands more storage,higher cost

Software selection

Training and commitment of resources- Takes skilled trained personswith the time accomplish a successful project!

Pool contractor with an odd sense of humor.

Baby elephant nursing

Giraffes feeding, elephant drinking, Emu’s emuing