USER GUIDE TB-9000 SRMETER2 Surface Resistance Meter ...SRMETER2 Surface Resistance Meter...

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9 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras “José Benito Vives de Andréis” ISSN 0122-9761 Santa Marta, Colombia, 2017 Boletin de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras Bulletin of Marine and Coastal Research 46 (2), 9-40 Dinoflagelados epífitos de Thalassia testudinum en dos sistemas costeros del Caribe colombiano Epiphytic dinoflagellates of Thalassia testudinum in two coastal systems of the Colombian Caribbean Natalia Arbelaez M. 1 , José Ernesto Mancera Pineda 2 y Beatriz Reguera 3 0000-0002-5162-0336 0000-0003-2948-3387 0000-0003-4582-9798 1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe - Cecimar e Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - Invemar [Marine and Coastal Research Institute]. Calle 25 No. 2-55, Playa Salguero. Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia. [email protected] 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Bogotá D.C. Colombia. [email protected] 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) [Spanish Institute of Oceanography], Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo [Oceanographic Centre of Vigo], Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, España. [email protected] RESUMEN L os estudios sobre dinoflagelados epibentónicos potencialmente tóxicos han incrementado en los últimos años debido al aumento en el número de eventos perjudiciales atribuidos a algunas de estas microalgas. Tales eventos constituyen un riesgo para la salud humana y para diversas actividades económicas. Con el objetivo de confirmar la presencia de estos dinoflagelados en el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (PNNT), Caribe colombiano, se recolectaron mensualmente muestras del pasto marino Thalassia testudinum entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2015 en dos sistemas costeros (bahía y laguna) ubicados en la Bahía de Chengue (11 ° 20’ N y 74 ° 07’ W). Las hojas del pasto marino se tomaron manualmente, se depositaron en bolsas plásticas y se trasladaron al laboratorio para el desprendimiento de los dinoflagelados epibentónicos, mediante agitación vigorosa. Para identificar las especies observadas, se utilizaron tres tipos de microscopía (óptica, invertida con epifluorescencia y microscopía electrónica de barrido). Se observaron 14 especies de dinoflagelados epifitos potencialmente tóxicos, distribuidos en cuatro géneros (Gambierdiscus, Coolia, Ostreopsis y Prorocentrum). Prorocentrum fue el género más representativo, siendo Ostreopsis cf. ovata, P. hoffmannianum y P. lima las especies más frecuentes en la bahía, mientras que en la laguna fueron Prorocentrum sp. 1 y P. rhathymum. Este estudio describe las características principales de las especies observadas, considerando que la identificación precisa a nivel de especie es requerida para cualquier estudio ecológico que busque proporcionar elementos para la gestión de riesgos contra los efectos tóxicos o perjudiciales causados por dinoflagelados epibentónicos. PALABRAS CLAVES: Dinoflagelados tóxicos, Caribe colombiano, FANs bentónicas, Pastos marinos. ABSTRACT S tudies on potentially toxic epibenthic dinoflagellates have been increased in the last years due to growing number of harmful events attributed to some of these microalgae. These events represent a risk to human health, as well as to diverse economic activities. With the aim of confirming the presence of these dinoflagellates in Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombian Caribbean, monthly samples of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum were collected between January 2014 and December 2015 in two coastal systems (Bay and Lagoon) located in Chengue Bay (11°20´ N y 74°07´W). Grass leaves were manually collected, placed in plastic bags with seawater and transferred to laboratory for detachment of epibenthic microalgae by vigorous shaking. To identify the species, three types of microscopy were used (optical, inverted with epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy). Fourteen species of potentially toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates, distributed in four genera (Gambierdiscus, Coolia, Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum) were identified. Prorocentrum was the most representative genus. Ostreopsis cf. ovata, P. hoffmannianum and P. lima were the most frequent species in the Bay, whereas Prorocentrum sp. 1 and P. rhathymum were the most frequent in the Lagoon. This study depicts the main features of the observed species, considering that precise identification at species level is required for any ecological study that seeks to provide elements for risk management against the toxic or harmful effects caused by epibenthic dinoflagellates. KEY WORDS: Toxic dinoflagelates, Colombian Caribbean, Benthic HABs, Seagrass. Published by INVEMAR This is an open Access article under the CC BY-NC-SA DOI: 10.25268/bimc.invemar.2017.46.2.725 Publicado por INVEMAR Este es un manuscrito de acceso abierto bajo la licencia CC Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir Igual

Transcript of USER GUIDE TB-9000 SRMETER2 Surface Resistance Meter ...SRMETER2 Surface Resistance Meter...

  • TB-9000 Page 1 of 4 © 2019 DESCO INDUSTRIES INCEmployee Owned

    SCS - 926 JR Industrial Drive, Sanford, NC 27332East: (919) 718-0000 | West: (909) 627-9634 • Website: StaticControl.com

    SRMETER2 Surface Resistance MeterInstallation, Operation and Maintenance

    DescriptionThe SCS SRMETER2 Surface Resistance Meter is a portable battery powered checker fitted with built-in parallel electrodes that allow for tests of material surface resistance. This meter is designed for quick checks of surface resistance for ESD control applications in electronics manufacturing or handling environment. The Surface Resistance Meter is equipped with an automatic test voltage selector. The test voltage will switch from 10V to 100V should the measured resistance exceed 1 x 105 ohms. Two banana jacks and an electrode toggle switch allow for the connection of two external 5 pound electrodes that measure surface resistance point to point (Rtt) or resistance to equipment ground (Rtg).

    April 2019

    ESD protected area products should be tested:

    A. Prior to installation to qualify for listing in user’s ESD control plan. Approved ESD materials (see product qualification table at ANSI/ESD S20.20 Table 3 EPA ESD control items).

    B. During initial installation.

    C. For periodic checks of installed products as part of ANSI/ESD S20.20 Compliance Verification testing per ESD TR53.

    Compliance Verification Plan“A Compliance Verification Plan shall be established to ensure the Organization’s fulfillment of the technical requirements of the ESD Control Program Plan. Process monitoring (measurements) shall be conducted in accordance with a Compliance Verification Plan that identifies the technical requirements to be verified, the measurement limits and the frequency at which those verifications shall occur. The Compliance Verification Plan shall document the test methods and equipment used for process monitoring and measurements. If the test methods used by the Organization differ from any of the standards referenced in this document, then there must be a tailoring statement that is documented as part of the ESD Control Program Plan. Compliance verification records shall be established and maintained to provide evidence of conformity to the technical requirements.

    The test equipment selected shall be capable of making the measurements defined in the Compliance Verification Plan.” (ANSI/ESDS20.20 section 7.3) The Surface Resistance Meter is not recommended for use in Resistance to Ground (Rtg) measurements.

    The SRMETER2 Surface Resistance Meter and its accessories are available in the following item numbers:

    Item DescriptionSRMETER2 Resistance Pro Meter Kit770008 Test Leads770007 Concentric Ring Probe770757 Two-Point Resistance Probe770767 5-Pound Electrodes

    Packaging1 Surface Resistance Meter1 9V Battery1 Certificate of Calibration

    Made in theUnited States of America

    USER GUIDE TB-9000

    Figure 1. SCS SRMETER2 Surface Resistance Meter

    http://staticcontrol.descoindustries.com/SCSCatalog/Test-Instruments/SR-METER-Surface-Resistance-Meter/SRMETER2/https://staticcontrol.descoindustries.com/SCSCatalog/Test-Instruments/SR-METER-Surface-Resistance-Meter/770008/https://staticcontrol.descoindustries.com/SCSCatalog/Test-Instruments/701-Test-Kit-for-Static-Control-Surfaces/770007/https://staticcontrol.descoindustries.com/SCSCatalog/Test-Instruments/Resistance-Pro-Meter/770757/https://staticcontrol.descoindustries.com/SCSCatalog/Test-Instruments/Resistance-Pro-Meter/770767/http://staticcontrol.descoindustries.com/SCSCatalog/Test-Instruments/SR-METER-Surface-Resistance-Meter/SRMETER2/

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    SCS - 926 JR Industrial Drive, Sanford, NC 27332East: (919) 718-0000 | West: (909) 627-9634 • Website: StaticControl.com

    Features and Components

    A. Electrode Banana Jacks: Insert the test leads from the optional 5 pound electrodes here.

    B. Electrode Toggle Switch: Toggle the switch to INTERNAL to measure with the parallel electrodes located on the back of the Surface Resistance Meter. Position the switch to EXTERNAL to measure with optional 5 pound electrodes (not included).

    C. Resistance Measurement LEDs: The resistance is measured in ohms and read as 10X ±1/2 decade where X is the range illuminated on the meter.

    D. Parallel Electrodes: Ensure that the electrode toggle switch is set to INTERNAL when choosing to take a measurement with these electrodes.

    E. Test Switch: Use this switch to make a surface resistance measurement. Push and hold until one of the resistance measurement LEDs remains illuminated.

    F. Low Battery LED: Replace the battery when this battery illuminates during use. Do not use the Surface Resistance Meter when this LED illuminates.

    G. Battery Compartment: Remove the cover to allow access to the 9V battery compartment.

    OperationUSING THE PARALLEL ELECTRODES

    Measure Resistance Point-to-Point (Rtt) on the Surface1. Do not clean the surface.

    2. Remove from the surface only those items that might interfere with the test. ESD sensitive devices shall also be removed.

    3. Place the Surface Resistance Meter on the most commonly used area of the surface. The parallel electrodes should be 2” away from any edge and 3” away from any grounded point. If the most used area is not obvious, use two points near the center of the surface.

    4. Toggle the electrode switch located at the top of the Surface Reistance Meter to INTERNAL.

    5. Push and hold the test switch until the measurement is displayed on one of the Resistance Measurement LEDs.

    6. Perform additional measurements by placing the electrode on the most commonly used or worn area. NOTE: When taking multiple measurements, allow 1-2 seconds between measurements. Pushing the test switch too quickly will result in an error.

    If the measurement is outside acceptable limits, clean the surface with an ESD cleaner containing no insulative silicone such as Reztore® Surface & Mat Cleaner, and re-test to determine if the cause of failure is an insulative dirt layer or the ESD worksurface material.Figure 2. SRMETER2 features and components

    B

    A

    C D

    E F G

    Figure 3. Using the parallel electrodes to measure surface resistance

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    USING THE OPTIONAL TEST LEADS AND ONE OR TWO 5 POUND ELECTRODES

    General GuidelinesUse both 5-pound electrodes for Resistance Point-to-Point (Rtt) measurements.

    Use one 5-pound electrode, and connect one test lead to ground for Resistance-to-Ground (Rtg) measurements.

    Ensure that the item being measured is electrically isolated (placed on an insulative surface). The checker will measure the lowest resistance path.

    Minimize crossing the test leads when possible.

    When using 5-pound electrodes:• Place them no closer than 2” from the edge of the

    surface being measured.• Place them no closer than 3” to any groundable

    point.• Place them about 10” apart from each other for Rtt

    measurements of a worksurface.• Place them about 3’ apart from each other for Rtt

    measurement of a floor.

    Preferable electrode placements include:• Most commonly used area of a surface• Most worn area• Center of surface• Furthest area from a grounded point

    If the surface to be measured has sections (i.e. floor tiles, garment panels), place the 5-pound electrodes on different sections for Rtt measurements.

    Clean the material’s surface for test lab measurements, but do not clean the surface for materials that are already installed. Only clean and re-test the installed material if failure occurs.

    Frequency of Compliance Verification TestingNOTE: “The frequency of periodic testing is normally specified in corporate operating procedures. …The frequency of testing is driven by the amount of risk exposure that can occur between tests. For, example, what is the quantity of product handled between test periods?” (See ESD Handbook ESD TR20.20)

    Per ANNEX A of Compliance Verification ESD TR53 “Test Frequency, The objective of the periodic test procedures listed in this document is to identify if significant changes in ESD equipment and materials performance have occurred over time. Test frequency limits are not listed in this document, as each user will need to develop their own set of test frequencies based on the critical nature of those ESD sensitive items handled and the risk of failure for the ESD protective equipment and materials.”

    Additional information includes:

    • Worksurface - at least quarterly (see ESD TR20.20 section 5.3.1.13 Periodic Tests)

    • Footwear - “Incoming inspection on a lot sampling basis should be performed for all static control footwear.” (see ESD TR20.20 section 5.3.3.4 Testing)

    • Floor - “The types of monitoring and type of equipment are considerations. In some cases, a simple electrical resistance test with a megohmmeter may suffice. In others, a static charge generation test may be required.” (see ESD TR20.20 section 5.3.4.13 Performance Monitoring)

    • Seating - “The recommended electrical resistance range for seating is less than 1 x 109 ohms as tested in accordance with ANSI/ESD STM 12.1. This value should be during acceptance testing, installation and periodically thereafter.” (see ESD TR20.20 section 5.3.5.3 Testing)

    • Garments - “To maintain process control, it is imperative that the garment be tested per ANSI/ESD STM 2.1. The point-to-point and sleeve-to-sleeve resistance test should be made.” (see ESD TR20.20 section 5.3.13.3.1.8 Periodic Testing)

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    MaintenanceThe area surrounding the cable jacks at the top end of the meter should be wiped with a clean cloth moistened with alcohol to remove skin oils that will accumulate and affect the accuracy at high resistances. The frequency of cleaning will depend on usage; once a month would be a good starting point.

    Per ANSI/ESD S4.1 “Clean the electrodes with a minimum 70% isopropanol-water solu tion.” Make sure the conductive pads are dry prior to use.

    See specific product test standard for test lab specimen cleaning instructions. Per ANSI/ESD S4.1 Worksurfaces “The test specimens and electrodes shall be cleaned twice with a minimum 70% isopropanol-water solution using a clean, low-linting cloth each time.” (Then conditioned for a minimum of 72 hours).

    For compliance verification testing, do not clean surfaces. However, if any measurements lie outside acceptable range, then clean the material’s surface and re-test.

    Note: For worksurfaces, use Reztore™ Mat Cleaner or other silicone-free ESD cleaner. Be sure the surface is dry before testing.

    The Surface Resistance Checker requires little maintenance, and there are no user serviceable parts. If your unit requires service beyond cleaning the electrodes or replacing the batteries, please contact SCS Customer Service.

    SpecificationsOperating Temperature 50 to 95°F (10 to 35°C)Environmental Requirements

    Indoor use only at altitudes less than 6500 ft. (2 km)Maximum relative humidity of 80% up to 85°F (30°C) decreasing linearly to 50% @ 85°F (30°C)

    Dimensions 5.2" L x 2.9" W x 1.1" D(132 mm x 74 mm x 28 mm)

    Weight 0.4 lbs. (0.2 kg)Test Accuracy ±1/2 decadeCountry of Origin United States of America

    Limited Warranty, Warranty Exclusions, Limit of Liability and RMA Request InstructionsSee the SCS Warranty - StaticControl.comcom/Limited-Warranty.aspx

    http://staticcontrol.descoindustries.com/Contact-Us.aspx

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