US Presidents Created by Mr. Steve Hauprich for acceleration and remediation of US History students.

US PresidentsCreated by Mr. Steve Hauprich for acceleration and remediation of US History students

George Washington…was a heroic modelfor future US Presidents…a very highstandard…many just don’t measure up

http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/gw/el_gw_bigimage.htm

Washington’s Accomplishments•Led the USA to Independence

•Led the Constitutional Convention

•Important precedents as 1st President

• non-alliance / neutrality foreign policy• effectively suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion • negotiated treaty w/ Spain for access to New Orleans• brilliant 1st Cabinet w/ Hamilton and Jefferson• effective US financial plan• served only two terms and retired

The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A: Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.Speaker B: The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will

not provide military aid.Speaker C: The United States must prevent the growth of communism.

Speaker D: The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us.

Which speaker states a policy most similar to the foreign policy advice given by President George Washington in his Farewell Address?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: In his farewell address George Washington warned the fledgling America to stay clear of “entangling alliances” with the Europeans, but to continue economic

ties with the continent. He also sent warnings about the dangers of political parties and the factions they could create, dividing the American people

Thomas Jeffersonfit the heroic modelof US President…

…although not amilitary hero…

…authoring thepolitical theory ofThe Declaration of

Independence… exalted his reputation.

Jefferson’s Accomplishments• Declaration of Independence and Ambassador to France•1st US Secretary of State under George Washington

•Significant Actions as 3rd US President

• peaceful transition to power after election of 1800• does not renew Adams’ controversial Sedition Act• Louisiana Purchase Treaty … “Loose Construction”• Lewis & Clark Expedition = scientific discovery• US War with Barbary Pirates• US Neutrality w/ Britain & France…Embargo Act

The legal basis for the United States purchase of the Louisiana Territory was the

1.power granted to the President to make treaties 2.President’s power as Commander in Chief 3.authority of Congress to declare war 4.Senate’s duty to approve the appointment of ambassadors


Explanation: Thomas Jefferson used the presidential power of treaty making to make the Louisiana Purchase from France. This action was considered a loose interpretation of the Constitution, which does not provide for the presidential acquisition of territory. While Jefferson was ideologically for a strict interpretation of the Constitution, the excellent opportunity offered by the Louisiana Purchase was too good to pass up.

Andrew Jacksonfit the heroic modelof US President…

…Old Hickory was a military hero…

…leading the USA allied forces to victory over theBritish in the War of 1812’s Battle of New Orleans

Jackson’s accomplishments•General Jackson is the Hero of the Battle of New Orleans•General Jackson is the Hero of the Battle of Horseshoe Bend •Significant Actions as 7th President

•initiates Spoils System…era of the Common Man•Veto of the 2nd Bank of the United States•suppresses South Carolina’s nullification of tariffs•allows Indian Removal…in spite of Supreme Court•retires after two terms…Washington tradition

At times, the United States Government has passed protective tariffs to

1.encourage foreign trade 2.help the nation’s manufacturers 3.reduce the cost of consumer goods 4.improve the quality of goods


Explanation: Tariffs are taxes placed upon goods being imported into a nation. The imported goods then have a higher total price (after the tax) then similar goods manufactured within the nation itself. This protects the domestic manufactures from having to compete with lower priced, foreign made products. This concept has been applied many time in US history (it was part of Hamilton’s economic plan; the Tariff of 1828 was highly unpopular; tariffs were also applied in the 1920’s and are seen as a contributing factor in the great depression.) President Jacksonthreatened South Carolina for their attempt to nullify US tariff laws.

Abraham Lincolndid not fit the heroic model…

…the Rail Splitterwas best knownas a Trial Lawyer…

…he was hailed asHonest Abe……believer in Banks,Tariffs, Railroads,and Free Labor.

Lincoln’s Accomplishments• Congressman Lincoln (one term / 2 years)• US Senate Candidate (lost the election 1858) great campaign speech…”A House Divided”•1st Republican Elected US President won in the North…not on ballots in the South

•Significant Actions as 16th US President

• great 1st Inaugural Address…keeps 4 Border States• successful strategy for Preserving the Union• executive order Emancipation Proclamation•Gettysburg Address…speech defines the Civil War •great 2nd Inaugural Address…forgives 11 rebel states•opposes plans by Congress to punish the South

Which argument did President Abraham Lincoln use against the secession of the Southern States?

1.Slavery was not profitable 2.The government was a union of people and not of states. 3.The Southern States did not permit their people to vote on secession. 4.As the Commander in Chief, he had the duty to defend the United States against foreign invasion.


Explanation: Prior to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Lincoln tried many persuasive arguments to preserve the Union. He contended that; “in view of the Constitution and the law, the union is unbroken”. Despite his efforts seven states had seceded by his inauguration in March 1861, and after the firing on Fort Sumter the Civil War was in progress.

TheodoreRoosevelt fitthe heroic model…

…Colonel T.R.best known asbrave leader ofthe Rough Riders…

…risking his life and leading the USA to Victory.

T. Roosevelt’s Accomplishments

•NY City / NY State …Police Commissioner, Governor… Adirondack Park•US Government…Asst. Secretary Navy, Colonel Rough Riders, Vice President


•Trust Busting…breaks up Northern Securities Co.•Conservation…protects national parklands•Consumer Protection…Meat Inspection Act, FDA•Labor Negotiations…helps Coal Miners•Foreign Policy…Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Roosevelt Corollary

Which statement best describes President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy position toward Latin America in the early 1900’s?

1.The United States should reduce its involvement in Latin American affairs 2.The Monroe Doctrine permits the United States to intervene actively in the affairs of Latin American nations. 3.Latin American nations should form an organization to help them achieve political and economic stability. 4.The United States should give large amounts of financial aid to help the poor of Latin America.


Explanation: The Roosevelt’ Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) further establishes the United State’s ability to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations. He stated that the Monroe Doctrine (1823) required the US to act as “an international police power”. This was used to justify US actions in Cuba, Panama and other Latin American locales.

A main purpose of President Theodore Roosevelt’s trust busting policies was to

1.reduce corruption in government 2.save the nation’s banks 3.encourage competition in business 4.end strikes by labor unions


Explanation: Theodore Roosevelt quickly gained a reputation as a “trustbuster” when he began to call for the break up of many monopolistic companies. In 1901 Roosevelt’s Justice Department brought a case against the Northern Securities Company (a railroad holding company) and won the breakup of the company. Another example came in 1905 against the so called “beef trust” in the Swift & Co. v. United States, when the group of meatpackers was found to be in violation of the 1890 Sherman Antitrust law.

"In short, our aim should be, not to destroy, but effectively ... to regulate and control,

in the public interest, the great instrumentalities [corporations] of modern business. . . ."

-Theodore Roosevelt,1913

__1. During the early 20th century, a supporter of this statement would most likely have favored

1) a hands-off policy toward big business2) a return to an agrarian economy

3) laws prohibiting unfair business practices4) tax incentives for business mergers and consolidations

__2. Which statement best summarizes President Theodore Roosevelt’s views about conservation?

(1) Environmental issues are best decided by the private sector.(2) Unlimited access to natural resources is the key to business growth.

(3) Wilderness areas and their resources should be protected for the public good.(4) Decisions about the use of natural resources should be left to the states.

"Chronic wrongdoing . . . may . . . ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and . . . adherence ... to the Monroe Doctrine may force the

United States . , . to the exercise of an international police power - Theodore Roosevelt,1904

__3. Which world region was the focus of the foreign policy expressed in this statement?

1) Middle East 3) Soviet Union2) Southeast Asia 4) Latin America

__4. This statement helped provide justification for President Theodore Roosevelt's use of the

1) policy of Dollar Diplomacy2) Big Stick policy

3) conservation policy4) Peace Corps

__5. The chief reason the United States built the Panama Canal was to

(1) close the Western Hemisphere to new European colonization(2) reduce travel time for commercial and military shipping

(3) promote an isolationist foreign policy(4) prevent the spread of communism

__6. The main reason President Theodore Roosevelt supported a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia in 1903 was to

1) increase the number of democratic nations in Latin America2) gain the right to complete a canal linking the Atlantic and

Pacific Oceans3) reduce European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere

4) prevent a foreign power from seizing land in Central America

Whose face didn’t make the monument ?

__7. As a result of the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), the United States was able to

1 acquire parts of South America as land for settlement2 expand its influence in the Western Hemisphere

3 increase its trade with Asia4 form military alliances with European nations

“. . . the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be

considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . . .”

- President James Monroe, 1823

__8. Which President later built on the idea expressed in this quotation?(1) Abraham Lincoln (3) Harry Truman(2) Theodore Roosevelt (4) Richard Nixon

__10. The main purpose of the Open Door policy, announced by the United States in 1899, was to

1 encourage the introduction of modern government into China2 establish United States domination of Asian affairs

3 increase United States trade with China4 provide China with military weapons

__9. An important result of the Spanish-American War of 1898

was that the United States (1) acquired Germany(2) became a world power with an overseas empire(3) improved its relations with(4) lost interest in Latin American affairs territories in Africa

Woodrow Wilson…

did he fit the Heroic model

?

…a college President…

and a State Governor…

Wilson’ s accomplishments•President of Princeton University, N.J.•Governor of New Jersey

•Significant Actions as 28th President

•Progressive economic reforms including: Federal Reserve System, Income Tax, Tariff Reductions, Child Labor Laws, Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enforce Anti-trust Laws•Successfully led USA to victory in WWI…idealism “make the world safe for democracy”•Unable to gain Senate approval of Versailles Treaty …due to concerns about the League of Nations

__11. A graduated (progressive) income tax is based on the idea that tax rates should

1) be the same for all individuals and businesses2) be adjusted to achieve a balanced Federal budget

3) rise as individual or business incomes rise4) increase more rapidly for business profits than for

personal incomes

__12. The Federal Reserve System was created to

(1) maintain a national petroleum supply(2) provide military support for the armed forces

(3) protect consumers from fraud(4) manage the nation’s supply of currency and interest rates

__13. The Clayton Antitrust Act was passed to

(1) restore business competition(2) end stock market speculation(3) prosecute corrupt labor unions

(4) break up city political party machines

__14. President Woodrow Wilson’s statement “The world must be made safe

for democracy” was made to justify his decision to

(1)end United States imperialism in Latin America(2) support tariff reform

(3) send troops into Mexico to capture Pancho Villa(4) ask Congress to declare war against Germany

__15. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were based on the belief that

(1) military strength is a nation’s best path to world peace(2) isolationism should guide international relations

(3) the principle of self-determination should be applied to people of all nations

(4) industrial nations should have equal access to colonial possessions

__16. The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) were used by President Woodrow Wilson's

administration during World War I to

1) discourage congressional support for the war effort2) place German Americans in internment camps

3) remove Communists from government positions4) silence critics of the war effort

__18. Why did the Senate reject the Versailles Treaty (1919)?

(1) to keep the United States free from foreign entanglements(2) to express opposition to the harsh sanctions imposed on Germany

(3) to avoid the dues for membership in the League of Nations(4) to reduce United States military forces in Europe

__17. One goal for a lasting peace that President Woodrow Wilson included in his Fourteen Points was

(1) establishing a League of Nations(2) maintaining a permanent military force in Europe

(3) returning the United States to a policy of isolationism(4) blaming Germany for causing World War I

Franklin Roosevelt did not fit the heroic model…

…he was best knownas the losing candidatefor Vice President in 1920

…his leadership asNY York Governor inthe early years of theGreat Depression…

earned him credibility.

F.D.R.’ s Accomplishments•Assistant Secretary of the Navy WWI

•NY State Governor …little “New Deal”

•Significant Actions as 32nd President

•1st 100 Days…16 New Deal programs/actions•Economic Reforms…NLRB, Social Security, FDIC, SEC, FHA, TVA, etc…•Good Neighbor foreign policy w/ Latin America•WW II …successful strategy to defeat Axis Powers Manhattan Project produces A-Bomb•Atlantic Charter…United Nations…idealism

__19. The New Deal tried to solve many problems of the Great Depression by

(1) providing federal aid to many sectors of the economy(2) reducing taxes on big business to stimulate job creation(3) lowering federal spending to maintain a balanced budget

(4) decreasing foreign competition by raising tariffs

__20. The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority is an example of

(1) federal intervention to meet regional needs(2) state-funded regional transportation

(3) free-market capitalism(4) laissez-faire economics

__21. A major goal of the Government in creating the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to

1) increase the government's tax revenue2) provide jobs for the unemployed

3) restore the public's faith in financial institutions4) stimulate economic growth

__23. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response to Supreme Court decisions that declared several New Deal laws unconstitutional was

to

(1) ask Congress to limit the Court’s jurisdiction(2) propose legislation to increase the size of the court

(3) demand the resignation of several justices(4) ignore the Court’s rulings

__22. Which statement best illustrates a basic idea of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal?

(1) Communism provides the only real solution to economic problems.(2) Unemployed workers should rely on the states rather than

on the federal government for help.(3) The United States reached its economic peak in the 1920s

and is now a declining industrial power.

(4) The economy sometimes needs public money to encourage business activity.

__24. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the Good Neighbor policy primarily to

1) increase immigration from Latin America2) grant diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union3) promote free trade with the nations of Europe4) improve relations with Latin American nations

__25. A primary objective of United States foreign policy during the 1930s was to

(1) avoid involvement in Asian and European conflicts(2) protect business interests in Africa through direct intervention

(3) strengthen international peacekeeping organizations(4) acquire overseas land as colonies

__26. During World War II, many Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were relocated to detention centers

primarily because they

(1) were known spies for Japan(2) were seen as a security threat

(3) refused to serve in the United States military(4) expressed their support for Italy and Germany

__28. In 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to a fourth term as President. Which action was taken to prevent future Presidents from

breaking the two-term tradition?

1) Both major political parties agreed to nominate a new candidate for President after an incumbent's second term.

2) A constitutional amendment was adopted, placing term limits onthe Presidency.

3) The Supreme Court ruled that a President could serve for only eight years.

4) An unwritten agreement was made by Presidential candidates thatthey would serve for no more than two terms.

__27. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's election to an unprecedented third term was most strongly influenced by

1) his policy on immigration2) his popularity among business executives

3) the beginning of the Great Depression4) the advent of World War II in Europe

Harry Truman became President after FDR died in office in 1945...

…he had servedin the US ArmedForces in WWI

…and had served the USAin the Houseand Senate.

Truman’ s Accomplishments

•Significant Actions as 33rd President

•Defeated Japan in WWII using Atomic Weapons•Marshall Plan to help Western Europe rebuild•Berlin Airlift to keep West Berlin free from USSR•Truman Doctrine to help Greece & Turkey rebuild•Korean War against Communist Aggression in Asia•Integrated US Armed forces in Korean War•Vetoed Taft-Hartley Act to limit labor unions… but was overridden by Congress•Unable to prevent 2nd Red Scare…McCarthyism

__29. A reason that President Harry Truman decided to use atomic weapons against Japan was to

1) end the war while limiting the loss of American lives2) punish the Japanese people by destroying their country

3) increase Japan's potential as a future aggressor4) divert forces to fight Germany

__30. After World War II, the Marshall Plan was proposed as a way to

(1) improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union(2) help European nations recover economically(3) remove nuclear weapons from Western Europe(4) bring Nazi war criminals to justice

__31. President Harry Truman supported a containment policy after World War II in an attempt to

(1) limit the use of atomic bombs and other nuclear weapons(2) end colonialism in Africa and Asia(3) bring German and Japanese war criminals to justice(4) reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in European

countries

__32. Which action occurred for the first time in the early 1950s during the Korean War?

(1) United States and Soviet troops fought on the same side.(2) The United Nations used military force against an

aggressor nation. (3) A president was impeached for abusing his power as

commander in chief.(4) United States troops fought in Asia.

"There shall be a loyalty investigation of every person entering the civilian employment of any department

or agency of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government.“

- The Truman Loyalty Order, March 22, 1947

__33. President Harry Truman issued this Executive order in response to the

1) fear of Communist Party influence in government2) election of Socialist Party representatives to Congress

3) discovery of spies in defense industries4) arrest and trial of high-ranking government employees for

terrorism

__34. One way in which the Red Scare of the 1920's and McCarthyism of the 1950's were similar is that both

(1) jeopardized the rights of individuals suspected of un-American activity

(2) occurred during times of economic depression(3) addressed the issue of increased government bureaucracy

after a world war(4) led to the imprisonment of ethnic minorities during wartime

__35. President Harry Truman advanced the cause of civil rights for African Americans by

1) ordering the desegregation of the Armed Forces2) appointing the first African American to the Supreme Court3) supporting the ratification of the 14th and 15th amendments

4) establishing affirmative action policies for industry

Dwight Eisenhower was one of America’sgreatest Army Generals during WWII…

…hisleadershipduringthe 1950’s

would bemarked by growingCold War FEARs

Eisenhower’ s Accomplishments


•Negotiates truce in Korean War …DMZ = 38th parallel

•Eisenhower Doctrine to help Middle East nations stop the spread of communism•US advisors sent to Vietnam to stop the spread of communism in Asia•US Troops sent to Arkansas HS to enforce … School Integration…backed Supreme Court•Eisenhower Interstate Highway System built•Eisenhower’s farewell address warns Americans to beware of the “military-industrial complex”

__36. One similarity between the Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine is that both were designed to

(1) limit the spread of communism(2) help develop the space program(3) restrict United States foreign aid

(4) assist rebellions against the Soviet Union

__37. Which foreign policy concept influenced the decision of the United States to become militarily involved

in Southeast Asia in the 1950s and 196Os?

(1)appeasement (3) peaceful coexistence(2) detente (4) domino theory

__38.What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950’s? (1) Extraordinary steps were taken to hide atomic weapons. (2) The nation had become the only nuclear superpower. (3) Much fear was created by the Cold War. (4) Only government officials would be safe in a nuclear attack.

__39. Which statement is a valid conclusion based on President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s approach to applying the

Brown v. Board of Education ruling to the desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas?

1) State governors do not have to obey Supreme Court rulings.2) Presidents refuse to allow military intervention in local

disputes.3) Some Supreme Court decisions are not effective unless the

President enforces them.4) Presidents have been unwilling to enforce laws pertaining to

minorities.

John F. Kennedy fit the heroic model……he was a Naval Hero during WWII…

he would become the youngest electedPresident inUS History in 1960.

J.f.k.’ s accomplishments•WW II PT Boat Officer…rescued crewmates•Won Pulitzer Prize in Literature•US Senator from Massachusetts


•Inspiring Inaugural Address…”new generation”•TV address inspiring Americans for civil rights•Established US Space Program goal…man on moon•Started Peace Corps and VISTA volunteer programs•Failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba to oust Castro •Prevailed in Cuban Missile showdown w/ USSR

“. . . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the

success of liberty. . . .”

—40. President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961 This statement by President Kennedy suggests a continued

commitment to the foreign policy of

(1) isolationism (3) containment(2) appeasement (4) imperialism

__41. President John F. Kennedy attempted to deal with the situation shown

on the map by

(1) bombing all the missile sites simultaneously(2) imposing a naval blockade to isolate Cuba from the Soviet Union(3) allowing the Soviet Union to keep some missiles in Cuba if the remainder were removed(4) landing an invasion force on the Cuban mainland

__42. What was the main reason for President Kennedy’s action toward Cuba?

(1) Cuba is located close to the United States.(2) The United States needed to protect business investments in Cuba.(3) The cost of building missile defense bases in Florida was high.(4) Cuba threatened to seize United States merchant ships in the Caribbean.

__43. President John F. Kennedy's New Frontier program was most successful in

1) establishing social welfare programs to end poverty2) passing civil rights legislation assuring fair housing and

equal employment opportunities3) removing restrictions on the number of immigrants

entering the United States 4) expanding the United States space program

Lyndon Johnson replaced the popularPresident Kennedy …in a very uncertain time…he was best known as a career politician

…a deal makerin the nation’sCapital…

…how would he lead ?

Johnson’ s accomplishments


•Great Society program launched to end poverty in America…provide greater opportunity for all

•Civil Rights actions to support Martin Luther King •Vietnam War escalation…Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

•Did not seek reelection in 1968 in an attempt to heal and unite the country

__ 44. Which initiative was part of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society program?

(1) providing medical care to the poor and elderly(2) reducing federal aid to education

(3) increasing foreign aid to the Soviet Union(4) opposing civil rights legislation

__45. A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society was to

(1) provide government aid to business(2) end poverty in the United States

(3) conserve natural resources(4) stop emigration from Latin America

__46. One similarity between the actions of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson is that both

1) led the United States to victory in war2) expanded the role of government in citizens' lives

3) vetoed legislation on the issue of rights for minorities4) achieved a balanced Federal budget during their terms in office

"The Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, asCommander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack

against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression."- Tonkin Gulf Resolution August 7, 1964

__47. The passage of this resolution led to

1) the building of the Berlin Wall2) settlement of the Cuban missile crisis

3) increased United States involvement in the Vietnam War4) the seizure of American hostages by Iran

Richard Nixon won a wild election in 1968… a “law and order” candidate in a 3-way race against VP Hubert Humphrey and segregationist George Wallace.Elvis wasnot on theticket……but he did get abadge anda decoderring to use.

Nixon’ s Accomplishments


•Signed Title IX Civil Rights Law which guarantees non-discrimination for women •Negotiates nuclear arms limitation treaty w/USSR•Détente foreign policy w/ USSR = fewer threats•Opens diplomatic relations w/ Communist China•Withdraws US Troops from Vietnam…after further escalating the conflict•Lost two US Supreme Court Cases to keep military secrets and keep Whitehouse secrets•Resigned from Presidency to avoid Impeachment

__48. President Richard Nixon’s policy of détente is best characterized by his

(1)decision to dismantle the nuclear weapons arsenal of the United States

(2) attempt to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union(3) order to bomb Cambodia

(4) support for membership in the United Nations for communist countries

__49. The War Powers Act of 1973 was passed by Congress as a response to the

(1)spread of nuclear weapons during the Cold War (2) invasion of Kuwait by Iraq

(3) threat of communism in the Middle East(4) United States involvement in the Vietnam

__50. Protests against United States involvement in Vietnam grew in the late 1960's and early 1970's mainly because many Americans

1) believed that the war was unjust2) objected to the drafting of college students3) feared nuclear war with the Soviet Union

4) opposed participation in conflicts involving the United Nations

__51. The Supreme Court decisions in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) and United States v. Nixon (1974) reinforced the

principle that the president of the United States

(1) has unlimited use of the veto power(2) is protected from unfair media criticism

(3) may not be convicted of a crime(4) is not above the law

President Gerald FordVP Nelson Rockefeller

…due to scandals inthe Nixon administration

…the resignation ofVP Spiro Agnew…Ford was appointed VP

…the resignation ofPresident Nixon…Ford became President…Rocky was chosen VP

Ford’ s accomplishments


•Restored confidence and dignity to the office of US President after a “national nightmare” of scandal

•Unable to prevent the fall of Saigon and the loss of South Vietnam to communist North Vietnam

•Unable to shape policies to stop economic woes of rising inflation and a stagnant economy

•Refused to bail out NY City after the “Big Apple” declared bankruptcy

Jimmy Carter was elected President in 1976…he campaigned for peace and human rights…and he promised never to lie to the people.

The firstArab-Israelipeace treatywas Carter’s career highlight…...other events wereoften trouble.

Carter’ s accomplishments


•Camp David Peace Accords Middle East Peace Pact•Iran Hostage Crisis…444 Days of terror / humiliation US President unable to free American Hostages•USA Olympic Boycott…Moscow games in USSR not attended by USA to protest USSR invasion of Afghanistan in 1979•Energy Crisis…2nd OPEC Oil Embargo = oil shock 1974-1980 (Nixon-Ford-Carter) = inflation•Human Rights foreign policy shows USA as champions of freedom in the Cold War

__52. Which foreign policy agreement had the most direct influence on the Middle East?

(1) Kellogg-Briand Pact(2) Yalta Conference declaration

(3) SALT I Treaty(4) Camp David Accords

__53. One similarity between the presidencies of Woodrow Wilson and Jimmy Carter is that both

leaders

1) emphasized moral principles in foreign policy2) supported imperialism throughout the world3) rejected human rights initiatives in Congress

4) sought to end the nuclear arms race

“. . . Our decision about energy will test the character of the American people and the ability of the President

and the Congress to govern.

This difficult effort will be the ‘moral equivalent of war’— except that we will be

uniting our efforts to build and not destroy. . . .” — President Jimmy Carter

Address to the Nation, April 18, 1977

__54. President Carter put these ideas into practice by

(1) halting construction of nuclear power plants(2) increasing imports of foreign oil

(3) urging the development of alternative fuel sources(4) imposing a price freeze on all petroleum products

Ronald Reagan was elected 40th President after serving as governor of California and was committed to “winning” the Cold War.

VP Bush, President Reagan,and USSR’sGorbachev end the Cold War.

Reagan’ s Accomplishments•Significant Actions as 40th President

•1st day in office Iran-Hostage Crisis ended… …suspicions about timing lead to later investigation•Survives near fatal assassination attempt!•Convinces Congress to pass the largest Tax-Cut in US History…part of “supply-side economics”•US budget deficits grow, defense spending rises…•Lobbied unsuccessfully for NAFTA…”free trade”•Withdrew US Marines from Lebanon after terror attack•Successfully invaded Grenada…stop communism•Iran-Contra Scandal…administration charged w/ lying to Congress and Secret weapons deals•Successful nuclear arms reduction treaty w/ USSR

"In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problems....It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal

Government and those reserved to the States or to the people.

All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the Federal

Government."- President Ronald Reagan First Inaugural Address January 20, 1981

__55. Which action did the Reagan administration take based on the belief expressed in these statements?

1) It increased government spending on social programs.2) It reduced defense spending.

3) It increased corporate and personal income taxes.4) It reduced government regulation of business.

__56. One way in which the Teapot Dome scandal, the Watergate affair, and the Iran-Contra affair are similar is that each of these

political scandals resulted in

(1) a loss of faith in elected government leaders(2) an attempt to abolish the electoral college

(3) a movement to impeach the president(4) an effort to regulate the banking industry

__57. The "trickle down" economic theory of President Herbert Hoover and the "supply side" economic policies under President Ronald Reagan were

based on the idea that

1) balanced budgets are essential to economic success2) the Federal Government needs to assume more responsibility for

solving economic problems3) economic growth depends on making increased amounts of capital

available to business4) economic stability is the responsibility of Federal monetary agencies

George Bush was elected 41st US President after a very distinguished career in service to his country… WWII pilot / hero, Congressman, UN Ambassador, Ambassador to China, CIA Chief,Vice-President 8 years

George H. Bush’ s Accomplishments•Significant Actions as 41st US President

•Successful invasion of Panama to rid their country of notorious dictator Manuel Noriega Persian Gulf War 1990-1991•Successful Operation Desert Shield to defend Saudi Arabia from Iraq / Saddam Hussein•Successful Operation Desert Storm to defeat Iraqi forces and liberate Kuwait… •Disruptions to US economy caused by the war… lead to higher fuel prices and unemployment•Bush agrees to small income tax increase for upper-middle class = broken tax pledge promise•Signed “Americans w/ Disabilities Act” into law

__58. Which event led directly to the end of the cold war?

(1) reunification of Germany(2) formation of the European Union

(3) breakup of the Soviet Union(4) creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

__59. One way in which the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War are similar is that in all three wars

(1) the goal was to defeat the Soviet Union(2) the United States was primarily interested in protecting oil

supplies(3) the United States was fighting without allies

(4) no formal declaration of war was made by Congress

__61. In 1991, one of the reasons President George H. W. Bush committed United States troops to the

Persian Gulf War was to

(1) maintain the flow of trade through the Suez Canal(2) fulfill military obligations as a member of the North

American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)(3) contain the spread of communism in the Middle East

(4) assure the flow of Middle East oil to the United States and its allies

__60. One recent accomplishment in the struggle for equal rights for all Americans has been the

1) prohibition of discrimination against Americans with disabilities2) passage of "English-only" laws in the workplace by many states

3) guarantee of the right to vote for all women4) establishment of drug and alcohol testing by employers

Bill Clinton…Elected in 1992+1996with less than 50%of the popular vote both times…

his Presidency was one of record economic growth…

…tarnished by an impeachment trial and political turmoil.

Clinton’ s accomplishments

•Significant Actions as 42nd President

•Successfully raised income tax rates on wealthiest Americans without stopping US economic growth•Signed minimum-wage increases to help workers•Signed “Family Leave” legislation to protect job security for working class families w/ children•Successfully lobbied to pass NAFTA Treaty•Unsuccessfully tried to create National Healthcare•Unsuccessfully tried to integrate gays into military•Whitewater Scandal = Congressional investigation …perjury charges / impeachment + trial in Senate•US Peacekeeping troops sent to Bosnia

“Clinton Offers Economic Aid to Russia”“U.S. Sends Peacekeeping Troops to Bosnia”“U.S. Airlifts Food and Medicine to Somalia”

__62. These headlines illustrate that United States foreign policy during the 1990s stressed

(1) containment(2) collective security(3) global involvement

(4) neutrality

__63. The main reason President Bill Clinton sent United States military forces into Haiti and Bosnia was to

1) remove communist threats in these nations2) stop illegal immigration to the United States from these nations

3) help secure peace in these nations4) establish permanent military bases in these nations

President George W. Bush won a very closeElection in 2000…and is more often seen in his role as “commander-in-chief” than his immediate predecessor Bill Clinton.

George W Bush’ s Accomplishments •Significant Actions as 43rd US President

•Successfully assumed power after very controversial 2000 election…decided by Supreme Court Decision•Terror Attack 911… President successfully united the country to pursue Al-Qaida terrorists•Signed Patriot Act into law to help law enforcement •Established new cabinet post…Homeland Security•Successfully lobbied for income tax cuts to prevent economic recession due to “911” attacks•Waged war in Afghanistan + Iraq in pursuit of terror threats on the US…controversy involved•Survived bitter re-election campaign to win in 2004 …US treatment of POW’s and detainees = concern

__64. What has been the most frequent criticism of the electoral college system?

1) An excessive number of third-party candidates have been encouraged to run for office.

2) Electors frequently ignore the vote of the people.3) The person who wins the popular vote has not

always been chosen as President.4) The electors are not chosen by political parties.

__65. The dispute over counting Florida voter ballots in the presidential election of 2000 was settled by

(1) an order of the governor of Florida

(2) an agreement between the candidates(3) a vote of the United States Senate

(4) a United States Supreme Court decision

The Clinton and Bush Presidencies… … more similar or different ?

•Post WWII Baby boomer generation Presidents•Successes ? Failures ? Problems unresolved ?

__66. Which heading would be most appropriate for the partial outline below?

I. _____________________________A. Wages lagging behind the cost of living

B. Overproduction of consumer goodsC. Excessive buying on credit

(1) Mercantilist Economic Theory(2) Features of a Bull Stock Market(3) Monopolistic Business Practices(4) Causes of the Great Depression

…did we say many didn’t measure up?…it’s only one artist’s point of view anyway

…wemissedone didn’t we ?...

The President of the United States fulfills many roles. Actions taken by Presidents to fulfill these roles have increased the power of the Presidency.

Presidents - RolesAbraham Lincoln - Chief executiveWoodrow Wilson - Chief diplomat

Franklin D. Roosevelt- Chief economistHarry Truman - Commander in ChiefLyndon B. Johnson - Chief legislator

Ronald Reagan - Political party leader

Select three of the Presidents and the roles with which they are paired.

For each pair selected:

•Discuss one specific action taken by the President to fulfill that role

•Show the extent to which the power of the Presidency was increased as a result of that Presidential action

US Presidents Created by Mr. Steve Hauprich for acceleration and remediation of US History students.

Documents

Transcript of US Presidents Created by Mr. Steve Hauprich for acceleration and remediation of US History students.