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Transcript of U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Office of Surface Water Reston, VA...
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological SurveyOffice of Surface Water Reston, [email protected]
StreamStats: By Kernell Ries
A Web Site for Stream Information
Outline
Background
Massachusetts StreamStats
National StreamStats Prototype
Presentations by StreamStats Team
Implementation Plans and
Unresolved Issues
Background
Need for Streamflow Statistics Water resources planning,
management, and permitting by Federal, State, local agencies
Instream flow determinations for controlling pollution and protecting habitat
Designing and permitting facilities such as wastewater-treatment plants, hydropower plants, and water-supply reservoirs
Designing structures such as roads, bridges, culverts, dams, locks, and levees
Problems in Providing Statistics Published streamflow statistics for
data-collection stations are scattered among hundreds of reports nationally
Many publications are out of date and/or out of print
Labor cost for information requests is high
Streamflow statistics are not available everywhere they are needed
Regression Equations
Used to estimate streamflow statistics for ungaged sites
Relate streamflow statistics to measured basin characteristics
Developed by all 48 USGS Districts on a State-by-State basis through the cooperative program
Often not used because of large efforts needed to determine basin characteristics
Users often measure basin characteristics inaccurately, increasing errors in estimates
Example Regression Equation Regression equations take the form:
Q100 = 0.471A0.715E0.827SH0.472
where:
A is drainage area, in square
miles
E is mean basin elevation, in feet
SH is a shape factor, dimensionless
Basin Characteristics Used for Peak Flows
Basin characteristic# of States using
this (including PR)Drainage area or contributing drainage area (square miles) 51
Main-channel slope (feet per mile) 27
Mean annual precipitation (inches) 19
Surface water storage (Lakes, ponds, swamps) 16
Rainfall amount for a given duration (inches) 14
Elevation of watershed 13
Forest cover (percent) 8
Channel length (miles) 6
Minimum mean January temperature (degrees F) 4
Basin shape ((length)2 per drainage area) 4
Soils characteristics 3
Mean basin slope (feet per foot or feet per mile) 2
Mean annual snowfall (inches) 2
Area of stratified drift (percent) 1
Runoff coefficient 1
Drainage frequency (number of first order streams per sq. mi.) 1
Mean annual runoff (inches) 1
Normal daily May-March temp (degrees F) 1
Impervious Cover (percent) 1
Annual PET (inches) 1
Massachusetts StreamStats
Massachusetts StreamStats provides-
Published streamflow statistics, basin characteristics, and other information for data-collection stations
Estimates of streamflow statistics, basin characteristics, and other information for user-selected points on ungaged streams
Massachusetts StreamStats http://ststdmamrl.er.usgs.gov/streamstats/
User InterfaceStreamflow Statistics Database
Statistics Calculation
ProgramGIS Database
Web Application Components
User Interface
Displays ~ 120 map layers Allows adding/subtracting layers one
at a time Zoom, pan, identify Displays data-collection site locations Allows selection of data-collection
site locations and ungaged sites Displays results in a Web browser
window
Statistics Database Includes Descriptive information, such as
station name and number, coordinates, period of record
Previously published streamflow statistics for data-collection stations
Previously published basin characteristics, such as drainage area, total stream length, mean basin slope
GIS Database Includes
Map layers needed to determine drainage boundaries and areas
Map layers needed to measure basin characteristics in regression equations
Map layers needed to locate sites of interest, such as state and town boundaries, streams, and roads
Digital topographic maps (DRG’s) for detailed selection
Statistics Calculation Program Determines drainage boundaries
and measures basin characteristics for user-selected sites
Solves regression equations to obtain estimated streamflow statistics and provides prediction intervals as estimates of errors
Delivers basin characteristics, streamflow statistics, prediction intervals, and maps of user-defined basins to user interface
Benefits
Published statistics are readily available
Ungaged site process takes 5 to 15 minutes
Large collections of maps, equipment, and software are not necessary
Consistent information delivery
Little or no additional error is introduced
Only basic understanding of hydrology, computer science, geographic analysis is needed
Reduced information requests
National StreamStats
Prototype
National Prototype
Prototype will potentially work for any State
Easier to use and with more functionality than the MA application
Currently implemented only for parts of ID
Implementation planned for NH, VT, MA, ID, TN, and KS within a year
In cooperation with ESRI
Functionality
Zoom to street address, geographic name, or coordinates
Display of default base data layers for selected map scale ranges
Evaluate basin boundaries in the map frame
Print maps shown in the map frame Download basin boundary and other
map data More analysis functionality (drainage-
area ratio estimates, weighted estimates, etc.) is planned
Development Strategy Program will run as a dll in ESRI
software (ArcMap, ArcIMS, ArcSDE) Programming done in MS Visual Basic
and XML, based on the ArcGIS Hydro-Data Model and Tools
All GIS data will reside on a single server New streamflow statistics database was
developed The National Flood Frequency Program
(NFF) used to solve regression equations Extensive pre-processing of basin
characteristics to speed computations
StreamStatsDB StreamStatsDB is used to manage streamflow and
basin characteristics for data-collection stations
StreamStatsDB, cont’d
Linked to map in user interface
showing site locations
Built using MS Access and Visual Basic
Contains fields for all streamflow and
basin characteristics that are currently
used, and allows new characteristics to
be added
Data entered by District office
personnel
National Flood Frequency Program NFF will solve regression equations for
StreamStats
Modifications to NFF
Ability to solve regression equations for any flow type
Calculation of prediction intervals
Calculation of drainage-area ratio estimates and weighting with regression estimates
Adding of data base attributes to allow use as a subroutine of StreamStats
Urban equations will not be available in StreamStats
AdditionalPresentations
Dean Djokic, Zichuan Ye (ESRI)
Prototype demonstration
Conceptual design
Integration with ArcHydro Tools
Jacqueline Coles (USGS)
Prototype system configuration
Web deployment
Alan Rea (USGS)
Data requirements and architecture
EDNA approach
Peter Steeves (USGS)
New England approach
Kernell Ries (USGS)
Implementation plans Unresolved Issues Summary
StreamStats Implementation
Plans
Implementation Plan
District offices will complete required work, usually through cooperative funding
StreamStats team will provide guidance and support to Districts
States will be put on line internally to check results
States will be made available to the public when results have been proven acceptable
District Responsibilities
Provide regression equations
Populate the streamflow statistics database
Develop any necessary GIS data
Test the application and summarize results
Potentially develop new regression equations, using GIS data to measure basin characteristics
Approve use of equations on Web
State Implementation Options1. Implement regression equations
firsta. Implement existing equations onlyb. Develop new equations
2. Implement database for data-collection sites first
a. Populate with previously calculated statistics
b. Calculate new statistics
3. Implement database and regression equations at the same time
Long-Term Plan
Include additional States Add drainage-area ratio estimates Add batch processing Add automated update of non-
interpretive streamflow statistics Add methods for regulated streams Add sediment (and possibly other)
data
Internal Issues
Integration with other USGS efforts, such as the National Map, NWIS-Web, SPARROW, TerraServer
Standardized measuring procedures and naming of basin characteristics
Policy for updating streamflow statistics for data-collection stations
Long-term support
External Issues
Links to other applications and data bases, such as EPA’s EnviroMapper, FEMA’s MSC Product Map Search, NRCS’s Lighthouse Project
Software updates (Arc 9, etc.) Technical support of ArcHydro Tools
Summary
StreamStats uses cutting-edge technology to put stream information in the hands of users
Design is based on the ArcHydro Data Model and the functionality of the ArcHydro Toolset
Design is flexible and expandable Implementation for States will be done
through cooperative funding agreements Full implementation will likely take several
years
More information
National StreamStats web page• http://water.usgs.gov/osw/programs/
streamstats.html Massachusetts StreamStats web page
• http://ststdmamrl.er.usgs.gov/streamstats/
NFF Program web page• http://water.usgs.gov/software/nff.html