US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG ® Anticipating climate-change induced biome shifts for...
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![Page 1: US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG ® Anticipating climate-change induced biome shifts for military installation Dr. Jim Westervelt Construction.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110101/56649ec85503460f94bd4b87/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
US Army Corps of Engineers
BUILDING STRONG®
Anticipating climate-change induced biome shifts for military installation
Dr. Jim Westervelt
Construction Engineering Research Lab
Engineer Research and Development Center
Dr. William Hargrove
Forest Service
January 2010
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BUILDING STRONG®
Overall Challenge Military installation ecosystems support
► Military training and testing► Populations of important plant/animal species► Examples of relatively pristine habitat
Potential consequence of ecosystem shifts► Training/testing type, time, capacity► Loss/gain of habitat► Changes to installation natural resource management
plans
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BUILDING STRONG®
QuestionIdeal:
How and when will ecosystems shift in response to climate change?
Two parts:Where can I currently find ecosystem driver
conditions that match forecasted driver conditions?
How and when will current ecosystems shift in response?
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✔
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BUILDING STRONG®
ApproachCovered by Bill Hargrove’s talk
Identify a set of ecosystem drivers Develop global maps of those drivers
►For current and future conditions
Conduct a cluster analysis►To group related areas
Covered in this talk Correlate clusters with current ecosystems Forecast future ecosystem conditions
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BUILDING STRONG®
Ecosystem drivers
1. Precipitation during the locally hottest quarter
2. Precipitation during the locally coldest quarter
3. Precipitation during the locally driest quarter
4. Precipitation during the locally wettest quarter
5. Ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration
6. Temperature during the coldest locally quarter
7. Temperature during the hottest locally quarter
8. Sum of monthly Temp avg where Temp avg >= 5 deg C
9. Integer number of consecutive months where Temp avg >= 5 deg C
10. Available water holding capacity of soil
11. Bulk density of soil
12. Carbon content of soil
13. Nitrogen content of soil
14. Compound topographic index (relative wetness)
15. Solar interception
16. Day/night diurnal temperature difference
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CC-BasedCollected by Chris Zganjar at TNC from WORLDCLIM (http://www.worldclim.org)
Constant
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BUILDING STRONG®
Develop global maps of drivers
Choose general circulation models (GCM)► Hadley and PCM (high and low)
Choose climate scenarios► A1 (higher CO2) and B1(lower CO2)
Choose time► Current, 2050, 2100 (based on 30-yr averages)
Collect maps (for current and 8 futures)6
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BUILDING STRONG®
Scenarios A1 scenarios characterized by:
► Rapid economic growth. ► A global population that reaches 9 billion in 2050 and then gradually
declines. ► The quick spread of new and efficient technologies. ► A convergent world.
B1 scenarios are characterized by:► Rapid economic growth as in A1► Rapid changes towards a service and information economy. ► Population as in A1. ► Reductions in material intensity and the introduction of clean and
resource efficient technologies. ► An emphasis on global solutions to economic, social and
environmental stability. 7
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BUILDING STRONG®
Cluster Analysis Convert all maps to
standard-deviation form Run cluster analysis
(30,000 clusters) Grouping all sets across the 9 worlds!!
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Hargrove and Hoffman
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BUILDING STRONG®
Results
Correlation with GAP and TNC Application of correlation to future Sample look at Illinois Results for all military installations
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BUILDING STRONG®
Correlate Clusters with Ecosystems Choose ecosystem map
►GAP• US• 533 types
►TNC• Global• 814 types
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BUILDING STRONG®
Correlate Clusters with Ecosystems
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TNC GAP
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BUILDING STRONG®
PCM model – B1 scenario (low-low)
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2000
2050
2100
TNC GAP
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BUILDING STRONG®
Hadley model – A1 scenario (high-high)
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2000
2050
2100
TNC GAP
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BUILDING STRONG®
Illinois GAP – Current
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CultivatedCropland
Pasture/Hay
Managed Southern Tall
Grassland
Forest
Forest
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BUILDING STRONG®
Illinois GAP – PCM A1 2050
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CultivatedCropland
Pasture/Hay
Managed Southern Tall
Grassland
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BUILDING STRONG®
Illinois GAP – PCM A1 2100
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CultivatedCropland
Pasture/Hay
Managed Southern Tall
Grassland
No Analog
Managed Southern Tall
Grassland
No AnalogNo Analog
No Analog
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BUILDING STRONG®
Illinois TNC – Current
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CentralTallgrass
Prairie
Ozarks
NorthCentralTillplain
InteriorLow
Plateau
Crosstimbers andSouthern
Tallgrass Prairie
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BUILDING STRONG®
Illinois TNC – PCM A1 2050
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CentralTallgrass
Prairie
Ozarks
NorthCentralTillplain
InteriorLow
Plateau
Crosstimbers andSouthern
Tallgrass Prairie
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BUILDING STRONG®
Illinois TNC – PCM A1 2100
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CentralTallgrass
Prairie
Ozarks
NorthCentralTillplain
InteriorLow
Plateau
Crosstimbers andSouthern
Tallgrass Prairie
No Analog
No AnalogNo Analog
No AnalogNo Analog
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BUILDING STRONG®
East-Cent Ill – Similar – Current
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BUILDING STRONG®
East-Cent Ill – HAD B1 2050
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BUILDING STRONG®
East-Cent Ill – HAD B1 2100
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BUILDING STRONG®
Results for Military Installations
All Navy, Marines, Air Force, and Army Two Models
►Hadley and PCM
Two Scenarios►A1 and B1
Three times►2000, 2050, and 2080
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BUILDING STRONG®
Sample GAP – Fort Knox
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BUILDING STRONG®
Sample TNC – Fort Knox
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BUILDING STRONG®
Sample Similar – Fort Knox
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BUILDING STRONG®
Discussion We have a process for turning GCM/RCM
forecasts into potential future ecosystem maps.
We applied the process to the last round of forecasts
Ready to apply to the next round Massive ecosystem shifts?
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BUILDING STRONG®
Next?Two parts: Forecasted conditions currently support
what ecosystems? ✔ How and when will current ecosystems
shift in response? ►Resilience►Persistence►Seed distribution rates►??
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BUILDING STRONG®29
Quick Spatial Agent-based
Some Ecological Sim Models
Fire Ants and Cave Crickets, Ft Hood
Feral Hogs, Fort Benning
Cedar Infestation, Nebraska
Striped Newt, Ft. Stewart
Gopher Tortoise, Ft. Benning
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BUILDING STRONG®
Questions??
Sample Forest Service forecasts of movement of optimal tree habitat: http://www.geobabble.org/~hnw/global/
treeranges2/climate_change/index.html
ERDC-CERL forecasts of ecosystem shifts around military installations:► http://earth.cecer.army.mil
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