Urban Energy-Water Nexus:

A Case of New York

Linghao He (lhe@bnl.gov)

Vatsal Bhatt (vbhatt@bnl.gov)

Sustainable Energy Technologies Department

NYIT Peking University Conference

Sustainable Megacities: Food, Energy,

Water and the Built Environment

October 20-21, 2015 - Beijing

OUTLINE

Background & base case of the

New York City

Introduction of MARKAL model

Energy system, water system,&

Climate Change impact analysis

Conclusion

NYC in-briefHas more people

than 39 of the 50

U.S. states have

individually -

8,491,079 (July 2014)

Water supply - 1.3

billion gallons per

day

Electricity peak -

~12GW

nyc.gov/planyc

The comparison of New York City GreenhouseGas emissions with other U.S. cities

5.756.58

13.5914.50

12.4411.63

9.6610.76

10.01

8.30

15.10

12.38 12.21 12.59

19.1019.78

19.07

14.38

16.43

23.20

14.16

22.85

13.90

16.39

23.91

16.96

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

MtC

O2e p

er

cap

ita

Citywide GHG emissions per capita

47.94

5.30

51.60

8.93

33.55

17.75

6.13 6.77

13.09

7.6110.60

4.767.58

4.66

14.65

8.86

37.03

17.23

10.66

5.80

14.50

6.79

1.303.13

14.41

3.95

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MtC

O2e

Millio

ns

Citywide GHG emissions

New York City Blackout 200350 Million Lose Power

Economic Losses: $7-10 billion

nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/ny-roofs.html

NYC asked U.S.DOE for help

Brookhaven National Laboratory is a multipurpose research institution

Science

Brookhaven research has been honored by seven Nobel Prizes, as well

as National Medals of Science.

eere.energy.gov/buildings/techno

logies/images/photo_controls.jpg

We Used Integrated Analysis Methods to Provide Simple Solutions

U.S. MARKAL model for comprehensive

Energy-Water analysis

Reduce PEAK Electricity Demand (cool the

city)

Provide Green Roofs and White Surfaces

Increase Energy Efficiency

worldchanging.com

ngldc.org

eere.energy.gov/buildings/technologies/images

/photo_heating_ventilation_ac.jpg

Core focus on long-term integrated energy, environmental and economic analysis using the MARKAL family of modelsMARKAL was developed at BNL in collaboration with International Energy Agency in late 1970s

Currently working with many MARKAL variants (e.g. 10-region U.S. Model, Single region U.S. Model, 15-region ETP Global Model, New York City Model, Multi-region Long Island Model)

Relevant Agencies and Projects for Energy and Climate Change Economics Modeling

U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Hong Kong MARKAL modelTaiwan MARKAL modelSouth Korean MARKAL model

Considerations for the Base CaseProductive life of existing power plants are extended to 2050 (in expectation of retrofits/new technology at the same location).

Land-use laws, expensive real estate and mandatory requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for producing 80% of needed electricity demands within geographical boundary of the City are expected to drive that behavior.

Due to NYC sustainability goals, new generation capacity will be added by very clean and increasingly efficient combined cycle gas turbines in the business-as-usual.

Cleaner options like nuclear and super-efficient integrated coal gasification combined cycle with carbon capture and sequestration are not considered due to obvious challenges recently faced by these options in NYC.

End Use Technologies: Residential Sector

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Space Heat. SF Space Heat. MF Cooling, SF Cooling, MF Water Heating Ref. Light Misc.

En

erg

y C

on

sum

tio

n (

TJ)

Misc. Steam Appliances Misc. Gas Appliances

Misc. Electric Appliances Incandescent Lighting

Refrigeration, Standard Steam to Water Heating

Baseline Gas Water Heater LPG to Water Heating

Baseline Oil Water Heater Baseline Electric Water Heater

Steam Cooling, MF Gas Heat Pump (Cooling), MF

Room AC, MF Elec. Heat Pump (Cooling), MF

Central AC, MF Steam Cooling, SF

Room AC, SF Elec. Heat Pump (Cooling), SF

Central AC, SF Steam to Space Heat, MF

Gas Burner for Space Heat, MF Kerosene Burner for Space Heat, MF

LPG Burner for Space Heat, MF Oil Burner for Space Heat, MF

Electric Heat Pump, MF Elec. Resistant Heat, MF

Steam to Space Heat, SF Gas Burner for Space Heat, SF

Kerosene Burner for Space Heat, SF LPG Burner for Space Heat, SF

Oil Burner for Space Heat, SF Electric Heat Pump, SF

Elec. Resistant Heat, SF

Pilot communities projects

Buildings are the biggest energy consumers in NYC (78%)

Utilize New York City MARKAL for quantifying the impact of

energy efficiency and load management options for three

communities in New York City: Lower Manhattan,

Community Boards 6 & 9

Capture the synergies and offsets of deploying energy

efficient technologies in buildings

Results of this work serve as a guideline in implementing

urban energy efficiency and other forms of urban

environmental improvement through cost-effective planning

at the institutional and local level in other cities (especially

emerging economies)

Lower Manhattan

New York City

Hot Spot/Load Pocket

Maps Source: NYSERDA UHI Study

Heat Archipelago