Upgrade of the ESRF Light Source: Achievements and Perspectives P. Raimondi On behalf of the...

Upgrade of the ESRF Light Source:

Achievements and Perspectives

P. Raimondi

On behalf of the Accelerator & Source Division

2

ESRF Upgrade 2009-2018

@ Funding for Phase1(from 2009 to 2015) secured to deliver:

Eight new beamlines, with an extension of the experimental hall

Refurbishment of many existing beamlines

Developments in synchrotron radiation instrumentation

Upgrade of the X ray source for availability, stability and

brilliance

While maintaining an operational facility

The Upgrade Programme

@ Phase 2 under study

3

Storage ring6GeV, 844 m

Booster synchrotron200 MeV 6 GeV300m, 10 Hz

E- Linac200 MeV

32 straight sections

DBA lattice

42 Beamlines

12 on dipoles

30 on insertion devices

72 insertion devices: 55 in-air undulators, 6 wigglers, 11 in-vacuum undulators, including 2 cryogenic

Energy GeV 6.04

Multibunch Current mA 200

Horizontal emittance nm 4

Vertical emittance pm 3.5

The ESRF today

4

Accelerator Upgrade Phase 1

• Upgrade of BPM electronics• Improvement of the beam position stability• Coupling reduction

• 6 m long straight sections• No change in magnet lattice• Canted undulators

• 7 m straight sections• Lattice symmetry breaking• New magnets necessary

• Cryogenic in-vacuum undulators (see Chavanne talk)

• Diagnostics developments• New RF Transmitters• New RF Cavities

Upgrade and Performance of the ESRF - Revol JL, July 10th, 2012

5

Upgrade of BPM Electronics

Sum signal of the 4 buttons: • Lifetime monitor• Instant Fractional-Beamloss monitor

224 LiberaBrillance

Slow Acquisition (10 Hz, orbit correction)

Fast Acquisition (10 kHz) For fast global orbit correction

Turn by Turn (355 kHz, for lattice studies)

First Turn mode(For injection tuning)

Post-Mortem (Data loging on

trigger)


6

Coupling reduction

• Maintaining low emittance during USM: 1 week delivery


@ Vertical Diffraction Limit reached routinely

Current

Vertical emittance

Lifetime

3.5 pm50 hours

200 mA

7Upgrade and Performance of the ESRF - Revol JL, July 10th, 2012

8 mn

ID11

ID17

ID27

Feedback OFF

New orbit feedback

Horizontal OFF

Horizontal ON

Vertical OFFVertical ON

2.5 mm

0.9 mm

@ sub mm stability routinely achieved in V@ mm stability routinely achieved in H

rmsCell1

Cell32

224

BP

M

8

6 m sections

• 6 m section no canting• ID18, ID20 , ID14, ID1, ID31, ID15• ID 24 full 6m operational with 4 carriages

• 6 m Large Angle canting

• ID30 (±2.2 mrad )• ID16 (±2.7 mrad )


No change in opticsNew vacuum chambersCabling & piping modificationFront End modification for canting

9Upgrade and Performance of the ESRF - Revol JL, July 10th, 2012

5 metresQd6

S22 S24QF7 Qd8

Qd6S24

QF7Qd8S22

7 metres

bp

m

bp

m

7 metre

3 single cell cavities

C CC

QF7_HGQD6_HG

S22_IR S24_200

Infra Red beam port

bp

m

bp

m

QF7_HG QD6_HG

S24_200 S22

bp

m

bp

m

CID 1.6 m

CID 1.6 m CC Mini beta test

QD_low

7 m ID straight Sections

• New girders• New quadrupoles• Individual power supplies• New vacuum chambers• 1st symmetry breaking

Goal:Redistribute RF cavities to install undulators in

the present dedicated RFstraight sections

Create 2 lower vertical beta points to reduce the in-vacuum undulator gap from 6 to 4 mm

10

6&7 m straight sections


First 7 m straight section next winter shutdown

Test of mini beta optics during first half 2013

Installation of the RF cavities during second half 2013

5 metre standard Section

6 metre Section (6

173 mm)

7 straight sections already converted to 6 metresFirst large canting installation this summer

7 metre Section

11

SY: Booster Synchrotron

75 kW tower of 128 RF modules

4 Waveguide switches to 4 water loads

2 five-cell cavities x 2 couplers

Solid State RF transmitters

Replacing one 352.2 MHz 1.3 MW klystron booster transmitter SYRF now ready for TopUp operation, (Electrical power reduced from 1200 to 400 kW).

Goal: Prevent klystron obsolescencePrepare future upgrades

Klystrons at l’ESRF

1.3 MW -352MHz

Booster RF : Four 150 kW amplifiers in operation

12

•9 MV with 12 to 18 cavities (4.7 ± 0.4 M)

•Planned operation at 300 mA

•Power capability to sustain up to 500 mA

•No HOM up to 1 A

HOM absorbers:

Ferrite loaded tapered ridges

HOM dampers = ridge waveguides

Based on 500 MHz BESSY, MLS, ALBA design [E. Weihreter et al.]

ESRF 352.2 MHz design: several improvements

Single cell NC HOM damped cavity

352 MHz

3 power prototypes under test at ESRF

Goal: RF distribution to create a new experimental stationPrepare future upgrades

Availability (%)

Mean time between failures (hrs)

Mean duration of a failure (hrs)

99.04 98.78 98.91 98.34

75.80 67.50 107.8 46

0.73 0.82 1.18 0.76

2009 2010 2011 2012

Machine Statistics for 2009-2012ESRF: the most stable and bright SR source

Operation: Accelerator and Source

Accelerator and Source Division

ESRF Record

( 4 weeks only !)

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Top Up Project

Pro: Reduced heat load variation on the beamline optics. Improves stability

Con: Increased number of injections. Disturbs stability

@ Survey of Top Up operation at ESRF/ APS/ SPRing8/ PETRA/ SOLEIL/ DIAMOND/ BESSY/ ELETTRA/ ALBA /SLS

Top Up is multi parameter with discrepancies between institutes!

@ ESRF has developed a lot of expertise in the design of the optics and in the layout of beamlines to manage heat load variation, especially for the UPBLs, which should be less sensitive to refills.

Could we still gain (a lot) by reducing the current variation ?What would be the (maximum) current variation which would make a refill transparent?

@ Most facilities operate in Top Up mode, except ESRF

SRI-11th- Upgrade and Performance of the ESRF - Revol JL, July 10th, 2012 15

Top Up Project

15

Mode 7/8 200 mA, 45h, 5pm vertical emittance:Dt= 30 mn DI<≈ 2 mA instead of 40 mA today with an injection every 12hours

Mode 16 bunch 90 mA, 6h, 6pm vertical emittance:Dt= 30 mn DI<≈ 10 mA instead of 30 mA today with an injection every 6 hours and

vertical emittance *10

@ 15-30mn Top-Up cycle seems reasonable

@ We are doing tests and studies during MDTs (including feedback from Users)

@ We are upgrading our injector to improve reliability and operation

Standard decay

2mA30mn

Possible Top-UP scheme

Bri

llan

ce(p

ho

ton

s/s/

mm

2 /m

rad

2 /0.

1%B

W)

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Synchrotron radiation

Diffraction limit

Free electron laser

Troisièmegénération

Deuxième génération

Première génération

Tubes àrayons X

ESRF (2008)

ESRF (1994)

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

ESRF (1994)

2ème generation

1ère génération

Tubes àrayons X

Années

ESRF (futur)

Limite de diffraction

ESRF (2000)3èmegeneration

Lasers àélectrons libres

Rayonnementsynchrotron

1020

1018

1016

1014

1012

1010

108

1021

1022

1023

1019

1017

1015

1013

1011

109

107

106

Brillance(photons/s/mm 2/mrad 2/0.1% B.F. )

Brilliance = photons /s / mm2 /mrad2 /0.1% bandwidth

Number of photons per second

Sizehorizontal*vertical

Divergencehorizontal *vertical

In a bandwith of 0.1 % around the considered energy.

Progress of the ESRF Brilliance

Progress of X ray light sources are summarized in the evolution of the brilliance

ESRF ASD Role: SAC, May-24. 2012

The Quest for 4th Generation SR

The last few years have been characterize by a World-Wide R&D carried on by Accelerator Engineers to find solutions to improve the SR beam parameters.

The Science in general benefits by any of this improvements:

- Horizontal Emittance - Vertical Emittance => Diffraction Limit reached routinely everywhere - Bunch Length => Very costly solutions (e.g. SC Crab Cavities) - Energy Spread => No solutions exists for a significant decrease (< 0.05-0.1%) in SR - Beam Current => Close to the limits imposed by the BL

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Low Horizontal Emittance SR

The most immediate advantages of such machines are:

- Brigthness Increase while maintaining the same flux - Spacial Resolution Increase - Transverse Coherence

The first two points improve almost linearly for an emittance decrease from 2-4nm down to 50-100pm. For lower emittance the gain become less than linear due to: - the diffraction limit - mismatch of the electron beam with the X-Ray beam

The coherence starts to be of significance for emittances below 5-10pm. For example: @10KeV 80% coherence needs about 1pm emittance.

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J.Chavanne 19

Brilliance at lower horizontal emittance

Electron beam:6.039 GeVI=0.2 A

Hor. Emittance [nm] 4 0.15 0.01

Vert. Emittance [pm] 3 2 2

Energy spread [%] 0.1 0.09 0.09

Betax[m]/Betaz [m] 37/3 6/2 6/2

~ x 25

~ x 5

See Joel Chavanne Talk

ESRF toward a 4th Generation SR

The world wide effort in lattice design and technology developments has paved the road the possibility of studying options to upgrade the ESRF storage ring lattice in order to significantly lower (by a factor 20-40) the equilibrium horizontal, within the constraints underlined in the ESRF “purple book” (par. 3.1.8), in particular: - Maintain as much as possible unchanged the existing Straight Sections and BeamLines - Maintain the present Injection Scheme and Injection Complex - Reuse as much as possible the existing ARCs hardware (Power Supplies, Vacuum System, Diagnostic etc…) - Reduce Operation Costs, specifically Wall-Plug Power. These constraints pose limits to the ultimate ring performances and raise technical and logistic challenges. On the other end they are consistent with the following crucial points: - Cost comparable with a “Phase II” budget expenditure - Upgrade to be completed by beginning of next decade (2020) - Less than 1 year ShutDown for installation and commissioning

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• Cell packed with magnets• Stronger focusing: tunes 36.44/13.39 → 75.66/27.60

Chromaticity: -130/-58 → -102/-75

• Smaller functions𝛽 Chromaticity correction needs• Smaller dispersion stronger sextupoles• Less radiated power (x2 less)

New lattice

03/05/2012

L. Farvacque

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} {⇒

DBA 7-bend achromat

See Andrea Franchi Talk

New Lattice Engineering

The complexity of the problem is relatively contained, since it is limited only to the design of a 25m long Arc (*32). However the technical aspects are very challenging:

- High gradients magnets (4 times more)- Tight tolerances (2 times more)- Small vacuum chamber (2 times less)- Very compact design

It should be stressed that the 4th Generation SRs take advantage of all the R&D and Know-How accumulated in the last 20 years at ESRF and the rest of the world:

- Lattice design- Vacuum technologies (e.g. NEG coating that allows the use of smaller vacuum chambers)- Magnet technologies (better modeling and manufacturing)- Diagnostic (e.g. Libera BPMs)- Controls- Operations- …

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23

Quadrupole Magnet Design G> 100T/m

EM quadrupole

PM quadrupole

Solutions Compatible with a “Soleil-type Vacuum Chamber”

• Upgrade performances have been benchmarked by SLAC w.r.t. the Pep-X 10pm storage ring proposal

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• Phase II Upgrade could be an excellent opportunity to:

- Improve and Expand the Science Reach of the SR-based Light Sources

- Enabling New Technologies

- Realize a World-Class SR, we might expect an overall 100 fold increase in brightness of a SR-Based Light Source

- Provide Invaluable Know-How to:

Continue the push for higher perfomances SR-based Light Sources

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ASD Activities meeting -- September 13th, 2012 27

1. The budget evaluation is divided in 2 parts. The first part contains all what is need in term of R&D and prototyping and all what can used be anyhow on the present machine (Top-Up, RF, Upgrade of the injector, IDs,..) (mostly be paid with the money of phase 1). The second part is the fresh capital money needed to implement the new lattice (No other improvements included!).

2. This budget evaluation will be use to evaluate the cost but also mostly to get all the tasks to perform. It should contains all items even if the cost is low. Please add the missing items.

3. The price evaluation is mostly based on the cost evaluation of the 6 metre and 7 metre projects.The prices are in 2012 euros. The estimation of the inflation willbe done by finance.

4. The preliminary budget profile covering 2013-2018 for each item is based on the planning.

5. We should not inflate too much the individual the price, but be realistic. We have anticipated a contingency of 10 % that could be re-distributed.

6. The cost of the building corresponds to the construction of the Vercors building (4400 square metre total) (taken out of the EX2 project phase 1).

7. External manpower should be evaluated in the cost (Drafting, engineering, and installation).

8. The evaluation suppose that we re-use the existing Ids and mostly the FE

9. The evaluation of the resources profile could be done as soon as the tasks and planning are evaluated.

10. The cost of the cabling, diagnostics & control could be underestimate. It depends on what is re-used.

New lattice project schedule and budget evaluation



Prototyping & Tools & R&D €1,324,000 16%Dipole 2 40000 €80,000Quadrupole HG 2 60000 €120,000Sextupole 1 30000 €30,000Chambers 4 50000 €200,000Permanent quadrupole magnet 2 35000 €70,000BPM electronics 2 12000 €24,000Handling tools 1 50000 €50,000Mounting assembly tools 1 50000 €50,000External drafting offi ce (5 man/year , 200 days/year) 1000 400 €400,000External engineering offi ce (building, magnets,…) 1 300000 €300,000

Total protypes & tools €1,324,000RF (6 cavities) €3,716,000 44%

Cavities 6 356000 2136000 €2,136,000Chambers & Instrumentation 6 130000 780000 €780,000Waveguides&Infrastruture 6 50000 300000 €300,000R&D SSA €500,000

Total RF €3,716,000Insertion device €1,000,000 12%

€1,000,000Total €1,000,000

Injector Upgrade €3,500,000 41%New BPSS hardware €2,500,000New BPSS control €300,000Fast extraction kicker €100,000Control&Diag&timing €200,000Linac Third modulator €200,000Buncher spare €200,000Linac Spare section free €0

Total Injector €3,500,000

Total Prototyping and injector (Phase 1) €8,540,000 €8,540,000

"DRAFT Very Preliminary"

Total for 32 cells €57,360,000 Number /cell Unit Cost Total /cell Total for 32 CellsMagnets €25,120,000 44% QFMA 2 25000 50000 €1,600,000

QDMA 2 25000 50000 €1,600,000BPI1 (L=1746) 4 30000 120000 €3,840,000QDID 2 25000 50000 €1,600,000SD1 4 20000 80000 €2,560,000QF0 4 25000 100000 €3,200,000SF1 including orbit correctors 2 25000 50000 €1,600,000QD0 2 25000 50000 €1,600,000QF1HG 2 30000 60000 €1,920,000QF2HG 2 35000 70000 €2,240,000BPI2 (L=1097) 3 35000 105000 €3,360,000

Power supply €5,760,000 10% Power supply (Quad &Sext) 20 9000 180000 €5,760,000Dipoles (3 Families for all ring) 3 reused €0

Supports €4,480,000 8% Girders 5 10000 50000 €1,600,000Jacks reuse €0Supports & mechanical assembly 5 15000 75000 €2,400,000Damping links 10 1500 15000 €480,000

Vacuum chambers €9,408,000 16% Chambers 3 20000 60000 €1,920,000Chambers (complicate) 4 35000 140000 €4,480,000RF fingers 5 3000 15000 €480,000Absorber 5 5000 25000 €800,000Crotch 2 15000 30000 €960,000BPM (12*4)(aluminum) 48 500 24000 €768,000Pneumatic Vaves(Reuse if DN 100, to bauy if DN63) 2 0 0 €0

Vaccum instrumentation €3,168,000 6% Vacuumpumps including PS and controllers 10 8000 80000 €2,560,000Ptotal pressure gauges 4 1500 6000 €192,000RGA setup 1 13000 13000 €416,000

Control&Diag €3,760,000 7% Control 20000 €640,000BPM electronics (12 , reuse 7) 5 12000 60000 €1,920,000Slow Orbit corrector PS (7*3 channels, 4*3 reuse) 9 1500 13500 €432,000Fast Orbit correctors 4 3000 12000 €384,000Fast Orbit corrector PS (4*2 channels)) 8 1500 12000 €384,000

Infrsatructure €5,664,000 10% Magnets Power cabling 29 2000 58000 €1,856,000Magnet Piping 29 1000 29000 €928,000General Control Cabling 50000 €1,600,000Civil work 20000 €640,000General Distribution Piping 20000 €640,000

1792500 €57,360,000




Total for 29 ID straigth sections €1,566,000 Number/SS Unit Cost Total/SS Total for 29 SSVacuum chambers €1,015,000 65% ID chamber 1 9000 9000 €261,000

Upstream& downstream 2 13000 26000 €754,000Supports €0 Support 2 reuse €0Vaccum instrumentation €551,000 35% RGA setup 1 reuse €0

Vacuumpumps including PS and controllers 2 8000 16000 €464,000Ptotal pressure gauges 2 1500 3000 €87,000

54000 €1,566,000

Front EndModification €7,740,000Insertion device €5,040,000 65% 28 180000 5040000 €5,040,000Bendding Magnets €2,700,000 35% 15 180000 2700000 €2,700,000

Total FE €7,740,000

RF (4 cavities over 12) €2,144,000 Cavities (12 cavities, 4 new ordered) 4 356000 1424000 €1,424,000Chambers & Instrumentation 4 130000 520000 €520,000Waveguides&Infrastruture 4 50000 200000 €200,000Transmitters (reuse C23 SSA and SRRF klystron) 0 0 0 €0

€2,144,000

Injection €3,000,000€3,000,000

€3,000,000

General Infrastructure €3,100,000Crane (4 cranes instead of 3) 1 100000 100000 €100,000General Cabling,Piping, Building and infrastructure €3,000,000

€3,100,000

Control &Diag €500,000Upgrade control system 150000 €150,000Emittance Diag 10 5000 50000 €50,000Orbit feedback reuse ? €0Other diag 300000 €300,000

€500,000

NEG Coating (844 m) €2,000,000Half Internal 300000 €300,000Half External 1700000 €1,700,000

€2,000,000

Manpower for design and instllation €3,220,000External drafting offi ce (10 man year , 200 days year) 2000 400 800000 €800,000Enginnering and analysis offi ce (1 man year) 400 800 320000 €320,000Engineer (6 man year) 3 Posts ? €0Technician (24 man year)(Vac,PS..) 8 Posts ? €0Installation (35 man year) 7000 300 2100000 €2,100,000

€3,220,000






Warning: The budget exercise is based on estimation and

is still be not exhaustive (few items not included).

There is no large over cost. It does not include other activities or

development required for the existing machine.

Should we add additional margin ?


Total for 32 cells €57,360,000Magnets €25,120,000Power supply €5,760,000Supports €4,480,000Vacuum chambers €9,408,000Vaccum instrumentation €3,168,000Control&Diag €3,760,000Infrsatructure €5,664,000Total for 29 ID straigth sections €1,566,000Vacuum chambers €1,015,000Supports €0Vaccum instrumentation €551,000Front EndModification €7,740,000Insertion device €5,040,000Bendding Magnets €2,700,000RF (4 cavities over 12) €2,144,000Injection €3,000,000General Infrastructure €3,100,000

Control &Diag €500,000NEG Coating (844 m) €2,000,000Manpower for design and instllation €3,220,000

Total new machine (Phase 2): €81,630,000Contengency 10% €8,163,000Total with contengency (Phase 2): €89,793,000

Prototyping & Tools & R&D €1,324,000RF (6 cavities) €3,716,000

Insertion device €1,000,000Injector Upgrade €3,500,000

Total Prototyping and injector (Phase 1) €8,540,000

Spare €498,000Tools €180,000

Total Spare & Tools €678,000

Grand Total Machine €99,011,000

Storage & assembly building €9,500,000

Grand Total (price 2012) €108,511,000



ECAPS Planning"DRAFT Very Preliminary"

http://ecapsserv.esrf.fr:8090/cpms/platform/control.action?path=view&viewName=default&objectId=3575&metaClassId=47&tab=tasks&subtab=gantt&push=true

Short and Mid Term path

The ASD has been working very hard in all the machine subsystems in order to improve the performances and reliability of the source. There are a lot of tasks planned for the next few years that, together with what already done will virtually complete most of the envised “Phase-I” upgrades. In order to define a mid term strategy we must consider that a big extend of what has been done so far for Phase-I and the remaining activities are synergic and/or essential for a more radical upgrade of the SR. In particular, the much more demanding SR parameters do require:

- High level of control/diagnostic/stabilization (e.g.: Libera-BPMs, FOC etc) - HOM-damped RF-Cavities (to allow operation with shorter bunches: 5-10ps) - TOP-UP (even with the same Dynamic-Aperture of the present ring Tau<2-5hrs) - Improved reliability - Smaller Gap/shorter period Undulators (to take full advantage of the increased vertical stay-clear - ...

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Short and Mid Term path

In the next 2-4 years we will continue all the already foreseen activities.

In particular:

- TopUp - HOM-Damped Cavities - 7m/Low-Beta Section

are an essential part of the ESRF upgrade path and of any possible SR Lattice Upgrade.

The amount of effort/FTEs/Budget to be dedicated to a New Lattice Design and related R&D, remains to be defined. Anyway the ESRF-Divisions/Groups have enough resources to progress on the studies, without impacting the present activities, at least up to a white-paper stage (by end of 2012).

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Upgrade of the ESRF Light Source: Achievements and Perspectives P. Raimondi On behalf of the...

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