University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce...
Transcript of University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce...
![Page 1: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tomato plant roots/ carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) method for the removal
and recovery of phosphate from agricultural wastewater
University of Windsor
Chemistry and Biochemistry
David Ure1, Angela Awada1, Nicole Frowley1, Neils Munk2, Amanda Stanger2 and Bulent
Mutus1
1. University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association
![Page 2: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from agricultural streams before it drains into rivers and lakes. Accumulation in aquatic ecosystems leads to eutrophication.
![Page 3: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Eutrophication Eutrophication occurs when ecosystems accumulate too many nutrients
Aids the formation of harmful algal blooms algal toxins> dead algae> bacteria> depletion of oxygen> kill of aquatic animals
![Page 4: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Causes many, our focus = P Phosphate is important in many aspects of biology Therefore, it is used in fertilizers
Like crops, algae depends on phosphate for growth and development Therefore, the accumulation of phosphate promotes algal growth
![Page 5: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Phosphate Binders Chitosan matrix with chelated iron
From shell fish exoskeleton
![Page 6: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Phosphate Binders Chitosan matrix with chelated iron
Drastic price increase Leeching of iron to environment Unstable: digested by microorganisms
![Page 7: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phosphate Binders Ideal binding matrix should; 1. Bind large quantities of phosphate 2. Inexpensive 3. Safe for the environment
Tomato plant roots
![Page 8: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Binding Capacity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70P-
Rec
over
ed (g
/kg)
![Page 9: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Phosphate Binders Ideal binding matrix should; 1. Bind large quantities of phosphate 2. Inexpensive 3. Safe for the environment
Tomato plant roots
Probably
![Page 10: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Plant Roots – Phosphate Binding Capacity: ~ 55 g/kg
![Page 11: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Plant Roots – Phosphate Binding Capacity: ~ 55 g/kg
P
![Page 12: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tightness of Binding
KD App
Iron-Chito: 138.3mM
Roots: 23.1mM
![Page 13: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Methods of P Recovery
Direct reapplication of P-saturated roots as
fertilizer
![Page 14: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Recovery and Regeneration of Binding Capacity
P replaced with counter anion – maybe liquid fertilizer P - P - Typically, acid/base or
conjugate salt
![Page 15: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
![Page 16: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
P
CMC
CMC displaces P
P can be collected and the root material reused
![Page 17: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CMC enhances calcium-phosphate precipitation
Less calcium to harvest P
Lower cost
Precipitation of P as Calcium-Phosphate
![Page 18: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
No CMC
With CMC Increasing calcium
(0-10mM)
![Page 19: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Lion’s Head On Site Testing
![Page 20: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Lion’s Head On Site Testing
Water source on site contaminated with manure.
![Page 21: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cham
ber 1
Cham
ber 2
Cham
ber 3
Direction of flow -Radial filtration
Biofilter-Idea: Neils Munk; Design: Mutus; Build: UW Tech Support Centre
![Page 22: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Flow rate: ~4L/min
ISCO samplers
inflow
outflow inflow outflow
![Page 23: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lion’s Head On Site Testing
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350D
ay 1
Day
2D
ay 3
Day
4D
ay 5
Day
6D
ay 7
Day
8D
ay 9
Day
10
Day
11
Day
12
Day
13
Day
14
Day
15
Day
16
Day
17
Day
18
Day
19
Day
20
Day
21
Day
22
Day
23
Day
24
[P] (
µg/L
)
Iron-Sawdust Phosphate Levels – Before and After Filtration
Before After
![Page 24: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Lion’s Head On Site Testing
0500
10001500200025003000350040004500
Day
1D
ay 2
Day
3D
ay 4
Day
5D
ay 6
Day
7D
ay 8
Day
9D
ay 1
0D
ay 1
1D
ay 1
2D
ay 1
3D
ay 1
4D
ay 1
5D
ay 1
6D
ay 1
7D
ay 1
8D
ay 1
9D
ay 2
0D
ay 2
1D
ay 2
2D
ay 2
3D
ay 2
4
Nitr
ates
(µg/
L)
Iron-Sawdust Nitrate Levels – Before and After Filtration
Before After
![Page 25: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Summary
Phosphate Removal (%)
Nitrate Removal (%)
Iron-Sawdust 26.2% 58.5%
![Page 26: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
0100200300400500600700800
Day
1D
ay 2
Day
3D
ay 4
Day
5D
ay 6
Day
7D
ay 8
Day
9D
ay 1
0D
ay 1
1D
ay 1
2D
ay 1
3D
ay 1
4D
ay 1
5D
ay 1
6D
ay 1
7D
ay 1
8D
ay 1
9D
ay 2
0D
ay 2
1D
ay 2
2D
ay 2
3
Phos
phat
e (µ
g/L)
Roots Phosphate Levels – Before and After Filtration
Before After
Lion’s Head On Site Testing
![Page 27: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Lion’s Head On Site Testing
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500D
ay 1
Day
2D
ay 3
Day
4D
ay 5
Day
6D
ay 7
Day
8D
ay 9
Day
10
Day
11
Day
12
Day
13
Day
14
Day
15
Day
16
Day
17
Day
18
Day
19
Day
20
Day
21
Day
22
Day
23
Day
24
Nitr
ate
(µg/
L)
Root Nitrate Levels – Before and After Filtration
Before After
![Page 28: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Summary
Phosphate Removal (%)
Nitrate Removal (%)
Iron-Sawdust 26.2% 58.5%
Plant Roots 70.8% 58.2%
![Page 29: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
What in plant roots binds phosphate?
In collaboration with Dr. Robert Schurko, Austin Peach and Michelle Quan
Used solid state nuclear magnetic
resonance
Probe the chemical environment of P
atom
![Page 30: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ssNMR of Plant Roots Throughout Binding-Elution Cycle
Demonstrates strong uptake and removal of phosphate throughout the binding-removal cycle
![Page 31: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ssNMR of Plant Roots Throughout Binding-Elution Cycle
Not definitive on what binds P Co-run Na and H atom NMR
![Page 32: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Iron-chito – iron interacts with P
P (-) Fe (+)
The NMR signal of metal – P interactions is distinct and not occurring in roots
NMR data suggests the formation of H-bond(s)
![Page 33: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
H-bonds suggest binding to a protein All organisms, including tomatoes have phosphate transporter proteins that internalize phosphate
Outside
P
P P
P
P P
Inside
![Page 34: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
P
P P
P
P
P P
Outside Inside
![Page 35: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
P
P P
P
P
P P
Outside Inside
![Page 36: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
P
P P
P
P
P P
Outside Inside
![Page 37: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
P
P
P
P
P P
Outside Inside
P
![Page 38: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
P
P
P
P
P P
Outside Inside
Our roots are dead
No energy available
P
But, the P binding protein works without
energy
![Page 39: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
P
Phosphate binds
![Page 40: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Phosphate binds
Induce release with counter anions (CMC
or Cl)
P
![Page 41: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Phosphate binds
Induce release with counter anions (CMC
or Cl)
Repeat
P - P -
![Page 42: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Untreated Urea
PBC
Disrupt proteins with urea or heat treatment
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Untreated 2hr HeatPB
C
6 M Urea 150 °C
![Page 43: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Current and Future Objectives
Phosphate transporter protein expression is regulated by phosphate in soil Study the effect on phosphate treatment on later use of roots for remediation Working with Holy Names High School – STEM Academy (Ms Mary-Ellen Kavanaugh)
![Page 44: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Current and Future Objectives
P and No P roots
Flow rates
![Page 45: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
0102030405060708090
P-R
ecov
ered
(g/k
g)
Different Ages and Types of Plant Roots
![Page 46: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Current and Future Objectives
Study different plant roots ie. cucumber Study the degradation in binding capacity overtime
![Page 47: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Acknowledgements: WECO2 Parks: Matthew Posthumus, Sergey Postnikov Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association (BPBA): Katherine McLeod, Amanda Stanger, Elizabeth Thorn and Neils Munk Essex Region Conservation Authority (ERCA): William Tate, Samantha Dundas, Mackenzie Porter, Katie Stammler and Kevin Money Funding: OMAFRA, BPBA, NSERC-ENGAGE, MITACS, UTRCA, ECCC, University of Windsor Alumni Association (Anonymous Donor)
![Page 48: University of Windsor - Latornell Conservation Symposium · University of Windsor 2. Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association . The goal of this project: Reduce nutrient loadings from](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070802/5f02da377e708231d40654a5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Thank you very much for listening Questions? Bulent Mutus: [email protected] David Ure: [email protected]