University of Waterloo | University of Waterloo - Synthesis and ......• Good quantum yield •...
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Synthesis and extensive study of end-to-end cyclization of monodisperse pyrene-labeled
poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)
Shaohua ChenSupervisor: Dr Jean Duhamel
IPR SeminarMay 1st, 2009
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IntroductionPyrene and pyrene-labelled PEOSynthesisResultsConclusions and future workAcknowledgements
Outline
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INTRODUCTION
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Associative Polymers
In water
Hydrophobe Water-soluble polymer
• In water, hydrophobes cluster to form aggregates
• Water-soluble polymers with a small amount (<5 mol%) of hydrophobic pendants
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Associative Polymers
Above C*
• Above C* (semi-dilute concentration), a polymeric network created by intermolecular bridging, the solution viscosity increases
• Applications – paints, coatings, dispersants, drug delivery, etc.
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HEUR Polymers
• Hydrophobically modified PEO belongs to the HEUR family
• Hydrophobically modified Ethoxylated URethane (HEUR) polymer
Wetzel, W. H.; Chen, M.; Glass, J. E. Hydrophilic Polymers, Performance with Environmental Acceptability, Ed. Glass, J. E. Advances in Chemistry Series 248, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1996, 163.
CH2CH2O x Ethylene Oxide Repeating Unit
NH C NHO
Urea Interconnecting Unit
Terminal Hydrophobe
NH C OO
Urethane Interconnecting Unit
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CMC
C*
Yekta, A.; Xu, B.; Duhamel, J.; Adiwidjaja, H.; Winnik, M. A. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 956.
Network and Viscoelastic Behaviors of HEUR Polymer in Water
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Advantages of using hydrophobically end-capped PEO to
study the long-range polymer chain dynamics (LRPCD)
• A well-defined architecture The position of the hydrophobic groups is known – at chain ends
• A fixed distance between end hydrophobesUsing a monodisperse PEO (PDI=Mw/Mn≤1.1) as the polymer backbone
Hydrophobically end-capped PEO is an ideal model system to investigate the chain dynamics
LRPCD are best studied in organic solvents where no aggregation takes place between hydrophobic pendants.
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PYRENE AND PYRENE-LABELLED PEO
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Pyrene and Pyrene-labelled PEO
Pyrene – an ideal chromophore
• Highly hydrophobic (0.3-0.7μM in water)
• Large extinction coefficient
• Good quantum yield
• Long lifetime
• Isolated excited monomer fluoresces around 375nm and shifts to 480nm when associates with ground-state pyrene to form an excimer
Pyrene (the hydrophobe) end-labelled PEO
OOn
h ν
*+
*k1
k-1
Pyrene
Why Use Pyrene?
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0
4
8
12
350 400 450 500 550 600
Wavelength (nm)
Inte
nsity
(a.u
.)
Pyrene Fluorescence
Monomer ExcimerIM IE
hν + Py + Py Py* + Py (PyPy)*τM τE
kdiff
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Birks’ Scheme
kcy
k-cy
Py Py*
(PyPy)*
Py Py
hν
kM=1/τM kE=1/τE
Py-PEO-Py
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Birks’ Scheme
Winnik M. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 1985, 18, 73-79.
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1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0 100 200 300 400 500
Time (ns)
Cou
nts
(Py Py)*Py Py hν
Py *→ ← Py1/τ E
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0 100 200 300 400 500
Time (nm)
Cou
nts
( ) ( ) ( )2211 expexp ττ tatatI MMM −+−=
( ) ( ) ( )4231 expexp ττ tatatI EEE −+−=
31 ττ = 42 ττ = 21 EE aa −=
Birks’ Scheme
IE
IM
Py-PEO(5K)-Pyin DMF
Py-PEO(2K)in waterIE
Rise time No rise time
PyPy
hν
1/τ E
(PyPy)*
( )MM ta τ−+ expPy
in
Py
PyIP
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SYNTHESIS
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Overall SchemeOH CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 OH
n
TsClCH2Cl2Triethylamine
SO
O
CH3OSO
O
CH3 O CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2n
1-Pyrenemethanol
NaHDMF
OO CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2CH2CH2n
60oC
RT
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1H NMR Characterization – PEO
OH CH2 CH2 O CH3n
H2O
DMSO-d6
a
ac
c
b b
b
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SO
O
CH3 O CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 O CH3n
H2O DMSO-d6
a
a
b b b
b
c
c
d
d
d
e
e
e f
f
1H NMR Characterization – Tos-PEO
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CH2 CH2 O CH3n
OCH2
H2O DMSO-d6a
a
b b
b
cc
c
c
cc
c
c
c
c
d
d
1H NMR Characterization – Py-PEO
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-5
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Elution Time (min)
Inte
nsity
(a.u
.)GPC Characterization
Py-PEO
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Wavelength (nm)
Abso
rban
ce
UV-Vis Characterization0.059g/L Py-PEO in DMF
Absorbance = 0.98 at 344 nm
1190038 −= cm M, -ε (Py-CH2-OH in DMF)
)/(109.5)/(1900,38/98.0
)/]([)/]([
2 LgLmol
LgPolyLmolPy
Py −××
==λ
polymer /1028.4 4 gmol−×=
PEOpyPy M −
≈1λFor fully labeled chains:
2
2
PyPEOPy M −
≈λ for end-labeled samplesIP
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Sample Mn (PEO) (g/mol) PDI
PEO(2K)-Py 2,000 1.05
PEO(2K)-Py2 2,000 1.10
PEO(5K)-Py2 5,000 1.08
PEO(10k)-Py2 10,000 1.05
PEO(16.5k)-Py2 16,500 1.05
Samples
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RESULTS
PART 1 – Birks’ Scheme
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Pyrene end-labeled and mono-labeled PEOs in acetone at 0.1OD
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
350 400 450 500 550 600
Wavelength (nm)
Flu
ores
cenc
e In
tens
ity (
a.u.
)
PEO(2K)-Py2
PEO(5K)-Py2
PEO(10K)-Py2
PEO(16.5K)-Py2
PEO(2K)-Py
y = -1.69 x + 13.07
-4.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0
Ln(M n )
Ln(I
E/I
M)
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PEO(5K)-Py2 in various organic solvents at 0.1OD
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
350 400 450 500 550 600
Wavelength (nm)
Flu
ores
cenc
e In
tens
ity (
a.u.
)
acetoneacetonitrileTHFtolueneDMFdioxaneDMAbenzyl alcohol IP
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
η (mPa.s)
a M
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Time (ns)C
ount
s
PEO(2K)-Py in dioxane
PEO(10K)-Py2 in dioxane
PEO(2K)-Py2
PEO(5K)-Py2
PEO(10K)-Py2
PEO(16.5K)-Py2
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0
50
100
150
200
250
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
η (mPa.s)
τ E (
ns)
τE=48ns
nsE 214=τ
PEO(2K)-Py2
PEO(5K)-Py2
PEO(10K)-Py2
PEO(16.5K)-Py2
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
(0.34×10-4)×(η/τM )0.5×M n (Pa0.5g/mol)
a M
PEO(2K)-Py2PEO(5K)-Py2PEO(10K)-Py2PEO(16.5K)-Py2
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
(3.4×10-4)×(η/τM )0.5×M n (Pa0.5g/mol)
τ E (n
s)
PEO(2k)-Py2PEO(5k)-Py2PEO(10k)-Py2PEO(16.5k)-Py2
τE=48nsIP
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0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
1/η (mPa.s)-1
k cy (n
s-1)
PEO(2K)-Py2PEO(5K)-Py2PEO(10K)-Py2PEO(16.5K)-Py2
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
(3.4×10-4)×(η/τM )0.5×M n (Pa0.5g/mol)
k cy (n
s-1)
PEO(2K)-Py2PEO(5K)-Py2PEO(10K)-Py2PEO(16.5K)-Py2IPR 20
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Revisions of Birks’ Scheme
Ground-state dimer (GSD)1
A short lifetime,1
Biexponential decay for mono-labeled PEO
nsS 5.3=τ
nsE 48=τ
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0 100 200 300 400
Time (ns)C
ount
s
Excimer decay for PEO(10K)-Py2in ACN
A spike
+− = EE aa
1 Costa, T.; Seixas de Melo, J.; Burrows H. D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 618-626.
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Program Fits (Res. vs t, ns; chisq) Resultsno GSD;mexp. m-labeled decay;
is not fixed; no 1.03
Good fits but can not startanalysis from max. lamp and , aM increase with
no GSD;mexp. m-labeled decay;
is not fixed; 1.04
Good fits but and aMincrease with
no GSD;mexp. m-labeled decay;
; 1.13
Monomer residuals are not randomly distributed.
GSD;mexp. m-labeled decay;
; 1.21
Monomer residuals are not randomly distributed.
no GSD;mexp. m-labeled decay;
;4.37
Bad fits!
GSD;bexp. m-labeled decay;
;1.14
Good fits but aM increases with and the excimerresiduals are not perfect.
=2χ+− ≠ EE aa
Eτ Sτ
+− ≠ EE aa
Eτ nsS 5.3=τ
+− ≠ EE aa
nsE 48=τ nsS 5.3=τ
+− = EE aa
nsS 5.3=τnsE 48=τ
+− = EE aa
nsE 48=τ nsS 5.3=τ
+− = EE aa
nsE 48=τ nsS 5.3=τ
=2χ
Eτ
Eτ
=2χ
=2χ
=2χ
=2χ
PEO(10K)-Py2 in DMF, the decays were fitted by various revisions of Birks’ Scheme
η
η
η
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RESULTS
PART 2 – A Blob Model
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Py* Py
Py Py
kblob
kex[M1] kex[M0]
blob
P0%
P1%
aM IP
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PEO(10K)-Py2 in DMF:
08.12 =χMonomer Excimer
Assumptions: ; ; GSD presents; bexp. decay for mono-labeled PEO; the fraction of is not fixed but no more than 5% for all samples; all PEO chains end-labeled.
nsS 5.3=τ nsE 48=τ1Mτ
Assumptions and fits of Blob Model
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
η (mPa.s)
P1%
PEO(2K)-Py2
PEO(5K)-Py2
PEO(10K)-Py2
PEO(16.5K)-Py2
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0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
h (nm)
W(h
)
PEO(2K)-Py2PEO(5K)-Py2PEO(10K)-Py2PEO(16.5K)-Py2
Py*
Py
x
y
z
h
Kuhn length of PEO lK = 0.707nm,the number of segments NK = 0.0141MP
1
( ) 23
422
hehW h ππβ β−
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛=
where 22
23
KK lN=β
End-to-end distance distribution
1 Pattanayek, S. K.; Juvekar, V. A. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9574-9585.
P1%
Rblob
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Blob radii (Rblob) in organic solvents
y = 0.18 x + 2.20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(τM /η )0.5
Rbl
ob (n
m)
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Conclusions
• The blob model is more comprehensive than Birks’scheme to study this pyrene end-labeled PEO system in organic solvents; Birks’ scheme is limited to the excimer formation within one blob
• The radii of blob in various organic solvents were determined and are proportional to
ητ M
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Future Work
• Characterize the micelle formation of this system in water
• Study the chain kinetics by blob model
• Quantitatively investigate how a quencher reduce the size of blob
• Study the effect of backbone stiffness on the size of blob IPR 20
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Acknowledgements
• Dr. Jean Duhamel
• Dr. Mario Gauthier
• Duhamel and Gauthier Lab Groups
• Petroleum Research Fund (ACS)IPR 20
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Questions/Comments?IPR 20
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