Background for SSE IPR Workshop 12-13 May 2014 Carlisle, Pennsylvania
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Polyvinylamine‐enhanced Ultrafiltration for Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Yifeng Huang, and Xianshe Feng
IPR Symposium 201421 May 2014, Waterloo, ON
University of WaterlooDepartment of Chemical EngineeringMembrane & Separations Laboratory
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IntroductionContamination of heavy metals
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Cr Co Ni Cu Ag Cd Hg PbB As
Sources to wastewater:• Batteries• Mining industry• Petrochemical industry• Manufacture
Contaminants(Total amount)
aMaximum Allowable Discharge Conc. (mg/L)
bDrinking Water Regulations (mg/L)
bPublic Health Goal(mg/L)
Lead (Pb) 1 0.015 Zero
Copper (Cu) Not defined 1.3 1.3
Nickel (Ni) 1 Not defined Not defined
Mercury (Hg) 0.05 0.002 0.002
Cadmium (Cd) 0.1 0.005 0.005
Chromium (Cr) 1.5 0.1 0.1
Arsenic (As) 0.5 0.01 zero
a: National Standard of the P.R.China Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standardb: National Primary Drinking Water Regulations from USEPA
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IntroductionPolymer‐enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF)
Images fromRivas B. L. and M. V. Ignacio, Water‐soluble polymer–metal ion interactions, Progress in Polymer Science, 28 (2003) 173‐208.
Adding Water soluble polymer
Electrostatic interactions;Coordination
MWCO: Molecular Weight Cut‐Off;EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
UF membrane
Water soluble polymer
• High content of Functional Groups• Molecular weight greater than the MWCO of UF membranes
• Sufficient solubility in aqueous solution
Metal‐EDTA complex Cobalt(III) complex
Coordination examples:
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Results and discussionMetal removal by PVAm‐enhanced UF
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0.2
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Met
al re
ject
ion
Filtrated weight (g)
UF membrane: PES‐10;[PVAm]: 1wt%;[M]: 25 ppm;Pressure: 30 psi
Mn²⁺
Ni²⁺
Co²⁺
Cu²⁺
Polyvinylamine (PVAm)
CH2
CH
CH
H2C
CH CH2
CHH2N NH2
NH2
NH2
Mn+ CH2
CH
NH2
CH2
CH NH2
H2C
CHH2N
H2C CH
NH2CH2
CH
CH2
CHNH2
H2N
Mn+
x y
zH2C CH
CH2
H2N
CH
CH2
H2N
CH
NH2
H2C CH
H2N
CH2 CH
NH2
Mn+x
y
z
Pressure regulator
Valve
Pressuregauge
Stirrer
Membrane
Ultrafiltration cell
Permeate
Balance
Magneticstirrer
N2 PVAm + Metal ions
Lupamin 9095 (BASF);
: 340,000
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Summary
Polyvinylamine is proved to work for heavy metal removal using PEUF
• Metal rejection, Co2+: 89.0%, Cu2+: 99.3%, Ni2+: 98.8%, Mn2+: 40% ([PVAm]: 1wt%, [metals]: 25ppm)
The metal rejections in PEUF are highly related to the coordination interactions between PVAm and heavy metals
Potential application in the separation of mercury and arsenic from wastewater
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