University of the Gujrat

7/28/2019 University of the Gujrat

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UNIVERSITY OF THE GUJRAT

REPORT ON

THE ENERGY CRISIS IN

PAKISTAN

S U B J E C T :

R E S E A R C H M E T H O D S I N

B U S I N E S S

S U B M I T T E D D AT E :

6 , F E B 2 0 1 3

SUBMITTED TO:-

SIR BILAL AHMED

SUBMITTED BY:-

HASEEB WAHEED (12014954-111)

M.HAFIZ ARFAN (12014954-091)

HASSAN ASGHAR (12014954-105)

KIRAN MANZAR (12014954-065) RABIA SHUJHA (12014954-108)

ANDELA ZULFIQAR (12014954-113)


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am heartily thankful to my Lecturer, Mr. BILALAHMED, whose encouragement, guidance and support

from the initial level enabled me to develop anunderstanding of the subject.

Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who

supported me in any respect during the completion of theproject.


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CONTENT

ABSTRACT ..

INTRODUCTION

QUESTIONS REGARDING ENERGY CRISIS ......

OBJECTIVES REGARDING ENERGY CRISIS ....

ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN .

HYDEL ENERGY

THERMAL ENERGY .

ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCES AND SOLUTIONS

LITERATURE REVIEW .

RESEARCH DESIGN ..

CONCLUSION .

RECOMMENDATION

REFRENCES


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ABSTRACT

Energy Crisis in Pakistan is one of the severe challenges the country is facing today. Electricity, gas,water, fuel is essential part of our daily life and its outage has severely affected the economy andoverall living of ours. Thousands have lost their jobs, businesses; our daily life has becomemiserable. Pakistan is currently facing up to 18 hours of electricity outage a day, is expected to facemore if not dealt with in time.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the nature of this crisis and to propose some short-term aswell as long-term solutions to this problem.

This study is exploratory in nature. We have done our best to conclude and sketch up somerecommendations in the light of identified hurdles in the way of implementing the appropriatesolution to our problem.

Our study finds some major wholes in our system if they are covered up we can not only overcomethe deficiency of electricity in our systems but also we can be able to export it to our neighboringcountries.

The basic flaws that our study identified are related to circular debt, and the inadequate capacity ofour electricity production and distribution systems. Also we emphasized on some prospectivealternatives to our electricity production that are cheaper and they provide more cleanly electricenergy as compared to fossil fuel run energy plants.

INTRODUCTION

Pakistan is in the grip of a serious energy crisis that is affecting all sectors of the economy and thevarious segments of the society. As the situation stands to-day, there are hardly any immediatesolutions to resolve the issue. A change of attitude and a change of life style is needed at thenational level which should be triggered by the ruling elite and followed by all segments of thesociety that have access to electricity. At best there could be some short, medium and long-termsolutions to the crisis but they need immediate planning and execution with an enormousinvestment. None of the previous rulers of the country solved the issue due to which the energycrisis kept on increasing regularly. In this assignment we have presented some short-term, medium-term and long-term solutions for energy crisis in Pakistan. Pakistans power crisis has become acatastrophe. Power cuts of up to 14 hours a day have become the norm in Pakistan. In Karachi, fourpatients admitted in the largest public hospital died when the hospitals backup generator failedafter prolonged cuts. Riots have engulfed Punjab and other major cities across the country, as thegovernment wrings its hands and tries to get the situation under control.


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While the government of Pakistan (GOP) has now released some funds to appease pso, this is not along-term solution. The federal minister for water and power Naveed Qamar responded to the mostrecent protests by saying that there were no quick fixes, and then turned around and announced thatthe situation would improve in 24-36 hours. Last week in Washington dc, the finance minister ofPakistan Hafez sheikh solemnly announced that the government understood the severity of

the circular debt issue, and would resolve it in the weeks to come. But with a growing fiscal deficit,and a refusal of the Asian development bank to fund programs in Pakistan after the GOP decided toend their international monetary fund (IMF) loan program, how Pakistan plans to resolve thecircular debt issue is anyones guess.

One solution, according to prime minister Yousaf Raza Gilani, was that the united states shouldhelp Pakistan solve its energy crisis if it wanted better ties. The United States has previously saidthat it is investing in dams in Pakistan to help add to the power grid, and has helped inthe reconstruction of existing dams in the country.

QUESTIONS REGARDING ENERGY CRISIS

What is the impact of energy crises on industrial sector?

What is the impact of energy crises on GDP of our country?

OBJECTIVES REGARDING ENERGY CRISIS

Why Pakistan is facing such a huge energy crisis of its history?

What are the reasons behind this crisis?

Why Pakistan cannot able to utilize its natural resources?

If Pakistan has abundance of coal then why Pakistan importing coal?

Why half of the Pakistani population has no access to electricity?

Energy Crisis in Pakistan

An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to aneconomy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other naturalresources.The crisis often has effects on the rest of the economy, with many recessions being caused by anenergy crisis in some form. In particular, the production costs of electricity rise, which raises


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manufacturing costs.For the consumer, the price of gasoline (petrol) and diesel for cars and other vehicles rises, leadingto reduced consumer confidence and spending, higher transportation costs and general price rising.Energy resources have depleted! Whatever resources are available are simply too expensive to buyor already acquired by countries which had planned and acted long time ago. Delayed efforts in the

exploration sector have not been able to find sufficient amounts of energy resources. Nations of theworld which have their own reserves are not supplying energy resources anymore; only the oldcontracts made decades ago are active. Airplanes, trains, cars, motorbikes, buses and trucks, allmodes of transportation are coming to a standstill. Many industries have closed due to insufficientpower supply. Price of oil has gone above the ceiling. At domestic level, alternate methods likesolar, biogas and other methods are being tried for mere survival.The above is a likely scenario of Pakistan and around the globe after 25 years. A pessimistic view,but realistic enough to think about and plan for the future. But are we doing anything about it? Letshave a look at the current energy situation of Pakistan and the world.Pakistans economy is performing at a very high note with GDP growing at an exceptional rate,touching 8.35% in 2004-05.In its history of 58 years, there has been only a few golden years where

the economy grew above 7%. This year official expectations are that GDP growth rate will bearound 6.5 7.0%. For the coming years, the government is targeting GDP growth rate above 6%.With economy growing at such a pace, the energy requirements are likely to increase with a similarrate. For 2004-05, Pakistans energy consumption touched 55.5 MTOE (Million Tons of OilEquivalent).The energy consumption is expected to grow at double digit if the overall economy sustains thetargeted GDP growth rate of 6% by the government. Pakistans energy requirements are expected todouble in the next few years, and our energy requirements by 2015 is likely to cross 120MTOE. By2030, the nations requirement will be 7 times the current requirement reaching 361MTOE.Pakistans energy requirements are fulfilled with more than 80% of energy resources throughimports.On the other hand, international oil prices have not only broken all records but are touching newhighs, with every news directly or indirectly affecting the black gold industry. Moreover,speculators all around the world expect oil prices to touch $100 per barrel in medium term. Withconcerns over Irans nuclear program, terrorist issues in Nigeria and high economic growth inChina & India and their ever rising energy requirements, oil prices dont see any another way but toshoot upwards.What is the government doing to ensure a sustainable supply of energy resources for economicgrowth? What strategic steps are being taken to acquire energy resources in future? Is private sectorwilling to invest in Pakistans oil industry? What are the incentives being offered to the foreignplayers to continue working in the exploration sector? What hurdles are stopping other big playersaround the world to enter Pakistan? What is the role of gas distribution companies so far? Are thecitizens of Pakistan being robbed by energy giants with ever rising utility bills? What should be thereal price of petroleum, kerosene and other oil products in Pakistan? When will the nation haveload shedding free electric supply? Have we been able to make long term contracts with thecountries to provide uninterrupted supply of energy resources? Will the government be able toprovide enough sources to the citizens for a sustainable economic growth? Have we lost the race foracquiring maximum energy resources for future survival?

One of the major problems facing the new government, the energy crisis, is intense, costly andmulti-dimensional. The infuriating electricity and gas disruptions and soaring fuel prices in turn


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pushing the cost of living have made life difficult for people. The even before it took office the newgovernment was greeted with two jumps in fuel prices, accounting for a 15% rise in two weeks.Meanwhile, crude oil prices have been registering all-time-highs, shooting 40% in the past year.The undeniable reality is that that this global spike will somehow have to be accommodated inenergy prices in Pakistan.

HYDEL ENERGY

Water flowing in the rivers has kinetic energy. One the they are used to drive the turbine andproduce electricity the power generated as hydel energy.

Power produced by the turbine depends on quantity of water flowing/minute and the head of wateravailable.

Mostly river flows by melting glaciers on High Mountain. One the water starts flowing in the valleyits changes its head very rapidly. This energy can be converted into electrical energy.

PAKISTAN MAJOR DAMS:

1: Warsak Dam

2: Mangla Dam

3: Tarbela Dam

1:Warsak Dam:

The gigantic multi-purpose Warsak Dam is situated 30 kms north-west of Peshawar in the heart oftribal territory. It has a total generating capacity of 240,000 kw and will eventually serve to irrigate110,000 acres of land.

2: Mangla Dam:World's third largest earth-filled dam is only 115 km south-east of Rawalpindi. One has to turn leftfrom Dina Town and the dam on river Jhelum is about 14 km to the east. The dam is 3,353 meterslong and 116 meters high above the river bed. It is designed to store 5.88 MAF water and also usedfor power generation. In the center of the dam there is a Gakkhar Fort from where one can have apanoramic view of the lake. For permit to visit the dam, please contact PRO, WAPDA, Mangla. ANOC from the Ministry of Interior is required for foreigners only.


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3: Tarbela Dam:The world's largest earth-filled dam on one of the world's most important rivers - the Indus - is 103km from Rawalpindi. The dam was completed in 1976 at a cost of Rs.18.5 billion. Over 15,000Pakistani and 800 foreign workers and engineers worked during its construction. It is the biggesthydel power station in Pakistan having a capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity. Its

reservoir is 97 km long with a depth of 137 meters while total area of the lake is 260 sq.km. Permitsare required for visiting the Dam. Please contact Public Relations Officer (PRO), Water and PowerDevelopment Authority (WAPDA), Tarbela (Tel: 051-568941-2). A No-Objection Certificate(NOC) from the Ministry of Interior (Shaheed-e-Millat Sectt.), Islamabad is also required forforeign visitors.

HYDEL ENEGRY AND ITS CRISIS IN PAKISTAN

The energy crisis starts from 1990 and still Pakistan is in the crisis of these all as before. The latestand perhaps the most troublesome crisis faced by the Pakistani nation these days is the shortage insupply of electricity. The country is facing a huge electric power crisis these days. Though it hasbeen more than a year since when the country is facing this crisis, but till now no proper solutionhas been made to this problem neither any proper planning has come into existence since thesymptoms and begging of this short supply of electricity. While rolling blackouts or load sheddingas it is locally known has always been a staple of daily life in Pakistan, the problem has becomeacute in the last couple of years.

This crisis appears insurmountable in the near or even long-term future, unless properunderstanding and correct implementation is undertaken on priority basis. At present total powerproduction capacity in the country is about 19,500 MW, out of which Hydel Power is only 6,500MW, balance of 13,000 MW is thermal either using Natural Gas or Furnace Oil. Small capacity of450 MW is Nuclear and only 150 MW is through coal.

It is very important to understand the consequence of the prevailing situation. Current price offurnace oil is about Rs.49, 000 per ton, which amounts up to Rs.49/- per kg. On an average one kgof furnace oil produces 3.8 kWh of electricity. Thus, the cost of furnace oil for generating one unitof electricity is about Rs.13. On top of this the fixed cost of a thermal plant works out to be aboutRs.3 per unit. Therefore, one unit (kWh) of the electricity produced by all thermal plants usingfurnace oil is Rs.16 per unit. According to WAPDA/IPP agreement, the private power producerswill charge WAPDA the actual fuel cost for which they have a direct contract with PSO. As we allknow that WAPDA tariff charged from the consumers is about Rs.5 per unit (kWh).

Thermal energy

Thermal energy is the thermal type of energy. With all known history available, wood always usedfor heating and cooking. In 2nd world war fossils fuels entered in the form of coal to get energy.Until liquid fuels were discovered and because of their convinces of transportation they took overas major of energy source.

Once the steam engines were invented then the coal or liquid fuels was burnt in the in boilers andheat producers steam which is used to drive an electrical generators, or any other mechanicaldevices.


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Rudolph diesel invention of diesel engine revolution the energy concept and today we see sine themajority of machine moving on diesel engines.

The choice of genets strictly depends on the requirement of client, before ordering a power plantfollowing points to be considered

Expected demand of the power

Type of fuel required

Space available for the power plant

Availability of gun sets

Availability of local service back up and stock of parts

Price is paramount importance and hidden expenses should be locked carefully.

The major manufacturers and suppliers of genets based on internal combustion engines are

given below

Man

Wasilla

Caterpillar

Jen basher

Waukesha

Mitsubishi

Detroit diesel

Rolls Royce

Internal combustion engines can obtain 30_50% thermal efficiency. Its means thataround 50%energy is wasted in the form of exhaust gases, cooling system andradiations. Therefore for larger plants heat recovery system are utilized.

CRISIS OF THERMAL ENERGY

The oil crisis facing the world is not about supply or about the increase in demand. It is about thespeculators who are pumping huge amounts of money into forecasting a serious shortage ahead.Not now but in the future. And that the prices will escalate enough for them to make a killing. If onelooks at the real picture, there is no shortage of oil, there has been no shutdown of any majorproducer, nor has there been a sudden jump in the import from any large consumer. The Chineseimport for their industrialization is not more than 10 percent annually. This is certainly not enoughfor the huge jump in the world crude rates. This jump is matched by the phenomenal profits of theoil companies and of course the oil producing countries. The thirst for profits of the oil traders hasbenefited the oil producers - Iran being a major beneficiary.The US government must be wondering at the irony of this windfall benefiting a prime enemy of


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American and Israeli interests at the cost of millions of innocent citizens of the US and Europe,engineered by the greasy gnomes of the oil trade. There is no threat of an oil embargo, nor of a war,it just pure speculation, funded by the huge mountains of American and European cash at thedisposal of the so roses of the Oil trade. They stand to make a killing at the expense of haplesscitizens of the world. As I had written in an earlier piece as far back as 2005, when an attack on Iran

was imminent, that the rise in oil at 100 $ a barrel would impact on the food prices has provedprophetic with the current sky high prices of bread in Europe and America.In the meantime we poor Pakistanis are suffering with 50 percent living below the poverty line, andmany more being pushed under thanks to the current oil crisis which has managed to create tsunamithat is a threat worldwide. With no remedy in sight. Electricity riots are already a common sight butthe frequency of breadlines breaking into riots is increasing daily, not just in Somalia but in parts ofthe third world where we thought wheat was never in critical shortage. The riots in Pakistan are fortwo reasons. Firstly, the price - a worldwide phenomenon, and second, a physical shortage duemainly to incompetence in the many layers of our government.

ALTERNATE ENERGY RESOURCES AND THEIR

SOLUTION

1. Nuclear energy:KANUPP was established with the help of the Canadian Government in

the 1960s and nearing end of its lifecycle. The Chashrna Nuclear Power Plant has been designedand built in collaboration with Peoples Republic of China, and is being operated and maintained byPakistani scientists and engineers, delivering full power of 300 mw to the national grid. With theKarachi Nuclear Power Plant also operational since 1971, Pakistan is the only country in theMuslim World operating nuclear power plants. Nuclear power is safe, economical and environment-

friendly.

2. Natural gas exploration:Pakistan still has huge untapped gas reserves. If we allocate more

resources to their exploration there is a possibility that in the near future part of the energy resourcegap may be met from new reserves. The current gas prices and the limits they place on increasingthe profitability of this sector would not attract any reasonable amount of investment, whether localor foreign, since the cost of exploration has gone up substantially and current well head prices donot justify further investment at the current rate of return. The other factor discouraging explorationof new gas reserves, which would continue to haunt us, is the law and order situation in most of the

areas where gas finds can be a possibility.

3. Natural gas import:The IPI (Iran-Pakistan-India) gas pipeline project is also a long story

(global political situation is not being discussed for obvious reasons) but the current plan to lay the54 inch pipeline through the coastal area has a major flaw. Even if Pakistan starts building the


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pipeline on priority basis, it may take 5 years to complete the project (i.e. by 2013), and it may plugthe energy gap only thereafter.

4. Solar energy:

At present, except for low-ampere domestic use, solar energy is a distantpossibility, although in a country like Pakistan where clouds are a rarity for most part of the year itcould be a workable option. There is a simple way of harnessing this energy for the industry, whichis dependent on steam generation through oil or gas-fired boilers. Water can be pre-heated byconverging sun rays on tanks made of metals/alloys that can easily absorb the heat. This pre-heatingcan reduce the cost of producing steam and reduce the energy resource gap to an extent, thoughnegligible.

5. Coal:Pakistan has enormous coal reserves (probably the third largest in the world) that

remain untapped and even the industries that have converted from gas to coal as their energy sourcehave to import coal mostly from Indonesia, which is again a drain on Pakistans scarce foreignexchange reserves.

6. Wind energy: The government is following a policy to encourage investment in windenergy. Two corridors have been identified in Sindh, and land has been allocated to various windenergy projects. The issues confronting the wind power sector are as under:

(a) Scarcity of equipment: wind power equipment is in short supply, the world over. Propelledby GDP growth needs, demand for energy has been growing globally, and as cost of energyderived from fossil fuels has increased two-fold during the last three years, the demand ofwind power equipment has also grown manifold.

(b) Due to growth in demand and increase in the cost of metals, especially steel and itsproducts, the price of equipment required for wind power has also increased manifold.

(c) Although the cost of equipment and know how is high, the advantages of wind power arequantifiable, and after a number of years, electricity generated by this technology wouldbecome the cheapest compared to alternate sources of energy at that point of time.

To install this initially expensive but eventually very economical technology, in the first instancePakistan may start importing and installing the equipment to generate electricity but in the long run

it must encourage domestic production of the equipment. If Pakistan can replicate the sophisticatedmachinery and equipment for uranium enrichment and also can produce or cause to be producedvery high RPM centrifuges, machinery, electric circuits, vacuum valves and allied equipment then,probably, then it also has the capacity to produce equipment for wind power. In this regard, Pakistancan also enter into technology transfer agreements with foreign manufacturers. The considerationsthat place wind energy on top of the list is mainly due to the fact that generating energy using thistechnology requires no fuel, and the energy production process does not pollute the environment.


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LITERATURE REVIEW:-

We start the literature review with international reviews of some articlesrelated to energy economic scenario: Comstock, Owen and Baedeker, Erin(2010). Standards, subsidies, and carbon taxes are among the measures oftenconsidered to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissionsin the buildings sector. Using a modeling system developed by the U.S. EnergyInformation Administration, residential and commercial sector standards andsubsidies were each modeled with and without a carbon tax to determine if amulti-policy approach would be redundant.

Giraudet, Louis-Gatan, et al. (2010). The authors in their paper assessthe impact of French policies for residential space-heating energy consumption,both enacted (tax credits for the purchase of energy efficient durables, softloans for retrofitting actions, stringent building codes) and anticipated (carbontax, retrofitting obligation). It uses a hybrid energy-economy modelincorporating specific features of energy conservation, notably the reboundeffect and some "barriers" to energy efficiency such as split incentives andimperfect information.

Hoicka, Christina E. and Parker, Paul (2011). Since 1999, the ResidentialEnergy Efficiency Project, through Green Communities Canada, has been adelivery agent for Energize for Houses and Eco ENERGY programs in theWaterloo Region. This research analyzed 10,208 initial and 2,383 finalevaluations made by the Residential Energy Efficiency Project between May1999 and February 2009 to understand what energy efficiency improvementshomeowners have made over time.

Kou, Bingen (2009). China is in the process of industrialization andelectricity is indispensable for rapid growth. At the same time, the coal-basedenergy structure in China will not change perennially, which means, thedevelopment of power industry will be subject to the constraints of resourcesand environment for a long period of time. Therefore, according to thedevelopment of electric power industry, energy saving and emission reductionwill be an eternal theme.

Li, Lan (2010). In Lis paper, the relation between the energy consumptionand the export of Shandong is analyzed by co-integration and Grangercausality test. The research result as follows: there is a positive relationshipbetween the export and energy consumption. On the other hand, the growth ofthe export is cause of increase of the energy consumption. Therefore theincrease of Shandongs export promotes energy consumption and also isrestricted bits energy consumption.


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Mundaca, Luis, et al. (2010). The growing complexities of energy systems,environmental problems, and technology markets are driving and testing mostenergy-economy models to their limits. To further advance bottom-up modelsfrom a multidisciplinary energy efficiency policy evaluation perspective, wereview and critically analyze bottom-up energy-economy models and

corresponding evaluation studies on energy efficiency policies to inducetechnological change. We use the household sector as a case study. Ouranalysis focuses on decision frameworks for technology choice, type ofevaluation being carried out, treatment of market and behavioral failures,evaluated policy instruments, and key determinants used to mimic policyinstruments.

Sovacool1, Benjamin K. and Brown, Marilyn A. (2010). How well areindustrialized nations doing in terms of their energy security? Without astandardized set of metrics, it is difficult to determine the extent to whichcountries are properly responding to the emerging energy security challenges

related to climate change: growing dependency on fossil fuels, populationgrowth, and economic development. In response, this article first surveys theacademic literature on energy security and concludes that it is composed ofavailability, affordability, efficiency, and environmental stewardship. It thenanalyzes the relative energy security performance, based onThese four dimensions, of the United States and 21 other member countries ofthe Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from1970 to 2007. Four countries are examined in greater detail: one of thestrongest (Denmark), one of the most improved in terms of energy security(Japan), one with weak and stagnant energy security (United States), and onewith deteriorating energy security (Spain).

Takahashi, Masahito and Asano, Hiroshi (2010). Building sector is thehighest growing sector in energy demand in Japan at present. There is a strongneed to reduce this sectorial energy demand to achieve the national carbonemission target.

Wu, Fun fang and Guan, Lei (2009).The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China possessesabundant primary energy sources, and the quick developments of coal and electric power industryhave established stable base for the high-speed growth of the economy of the autonomous region.Under the premise that the Inner Mongolia region pushed the electric power market oriented reformand established the electric power trading market, the basic principles to construct the electric

power market in Inner Mongolia were discussed, and the market mode, market characters, marketsubject and trading mode in various phases of the grading reform were designed, and the tradingtype and the trading flow of the present reform phase were described in detail in the article.

Yuan, Mei (2010). In an effort to compare the effectiveness of possible policyoptions to tackle a range of energy and environmental issues, we employ anintegrated assessment model which couples a technology-rich bottom-upmodel of the U.S. electricity sector with a fully dynamic forward-looking general


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equilibrium model of the U.S. economy. The model provides a unique andconsistent modeling framework for energy and environmental policy analysis.Though energy efficiency standards are found to be the least cost-effective atreducing energy usage or mitigating carbon emissions, their appeal is likely torest on assumptions about specific market failures or on political factors.

Next we identify energy crisis opinions in Pakistan: When you have to shoot,shoot. Don't talk. The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly. Faithlessness and lack ofcompetent leaders are the main problem. In my view the main problem ofPakistan is lack of complete resources, when we have lack of resources we tryto get them illegally, then it creates corruption and you know corruption.Pakistan is facing multifarious problems in modern times such as leadershipvacuum, absence of proper planning, weak institutions, low F.D.I., trust deficit(in all aspects), power crisis (load shedding), unemployment, torn nationalimage, poverty(mother of all problems),food crisis, extremism, low literacy rateand the list goes on and on..... but the biggest of all problems is that no one is

ready to take the responsibility, everyone is looking for scapegoat.Undoubtedly it is high time that eachone of us should take his/her responsibility to save the country because there isno use of sweeping the dust under the carpet. Late Prime Minister of PakistanBenazir Bhutto Shaheed said, "You can imprison a man, but not an idea. Youcan exile a man, but not an idea. You can kill a man, but not an idea (CSSForum, 2009).

Energy Crisis leaves Pakistan textiles in tatters: Power cuts sometimes lastingmore than 12 hours a day have forced factory owners in the countrys clothcapital Faisalabad to switch off the lights and sell their looms for scrap, leaving

tens of thousands of workers jobless. The country is the worlds fourth-largestproducer of cloth and the industry accounts for 60 percent of export revenueaccording to official data. But the shortages are heaping pressure on Pakistanscrippled and debt-ridden economy (Atif, 2011).

Nuclear Power in Pakistan. Yes or No? Pakistan's Economy is in Intensive Careright now. We are producing goods at 20-30% capacity due to energy Shortfalls. Due to Electricity shortage, and Electric Generators, and stealing theelectric companies keep raising prices Nuclear Plant can produce 10 times theelectricity needs of our country Our Industry can run 100% capacity producemore revenue. We can run projects such as Subways, Trains on Electricity not

to mention fences with electrical barbed wires. An investment of 10 billion intoSolarEnergy, program to put few solar panels in every home, instead of peoplebuying electric generators could solve the energy crisis. People should sell theirgenerators. But high capacity solar panels. You can run whole house on modernsolar panel that cost 600$ for 5,000$ you can be energy get 75% of your houseelectricity. The load on Electric companies would be lifted if we spend 10 billionon programs to get 4 solar panels up in every home and the extra energy could


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go 100% to our Industrial Sector. But Nuclear energy is short term answer togive us relief for 50 years (Pakistan Defense, 2011).

Pakistan Power Generation Projects: China to invest in hydel, renewable energypower projects. Islamabad: China will invest in hydel and renewable energy

power projects in the country as well as join hands with WAPDA fordevelopment of various large-scaled hydropower power projects. Chairman ofthe state owned China Three Gorges Project Corporation (CTGPC), CaoGuanging heading a ten-member Chinese delegation met with Federal Ministerfor Water and Power and Privatization, Syed Naveed Qamar here Tuesday. Thedelegation also showed interest to establish local manufacturing of wind powerequipment in the country(Pakistan Times, 2011).

This is welcome for the need is to take a cohesive stand on the challenges thecountry faces. In this respect, the energy crisis is one of the biggest challengesPakistan faces today. It demands a broader national consensus. The issue

should be on the list of priorities for the subjects to be discussed at anyconference with national representation. In fact, the energy crisis is too big aproblem to be addressed without concrete consensus and demands a nationalenergy agenda. While the energy crisis continues to pound the socio-economicfabric of Pakistan, both at the micro and macro level, the initiatives taken so farby the concerned authorities have not shown the ability to arrest the problem.The crisis cannot be addressed unless one of the most devastating and chronicissues the short-sightedness of successive governments is not addressed.It is imperative that the authorities concerned realize the importance ofsustainability of an energy agenda. A usual problem in Pakistans official circlesis the absence of vision and a sense of responsibility. The energy history of the

country reveals that, barring a couple of exceptions, no government has servedthis sector well. The short-sightedness of governments over the last threedecades has had a detrimental impact on the energy sector. They have failedto look beyond their tenure in office. Moreover, a project-oriented approachrather than a goal-oriented one is visible. The focus has been on ad hoc andquick-fix solutions. There are no trends of long-term and sustainable planning.Value-engineered and cost-effective solutions are unheard of in the corridors ofpower. Energy projects in general require rigorous planning and hugeinvestment. Unfortunately, reluctance to develop sustainable energy projectshas been the main reason behind the current energy crisis. This attitude has tochange if the gigantic energy challenge the country is facing is to be

adequately addressed (Asif, 2011).

Dilemma of Pakistan: It is said that Pakistan is presently facing the most criticalproblems of its time. These problems if not tackled properly could change thefuture of the country. At the onset these problems could be categorized intofour major classes. First are the problems originating from the governmentitself, such as corruption, bad governance, law and order, power shortage,unemployment, price-hike, etc. The next category is that of problems


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The problem of energy shortage can be solved by imposing more duties on luxurious goodssuch as Air Conditioners.

Invest in the Kala Baag Dam and Basha Dam Making.

Installation of low cost new energy generation plants is very necessary. (Low cost plant

includes solar energy and wind energy systems these systems are expensive at purchasingbut after installation these are the free sources of energy).

Line losses should be decreased to 3% currently it is 20%

Line loses in shape of theft of electricity should also be decreased by making new andharder laws.

A strong media campaign should also be introduced on TV. Channels to create awareness inthe society to decrease energy consumption.

Electricity saver appliances should be introduced in the country.

Home users use less energy so that industrial can benefit from it.

REFERENCES:

1. IEA - World Energy Outlook Report 2011

2. http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html

3. USEFP Report on Global Population growth (2009)

4. Pakistan Economic Survey 2011.

5. Provided by PEPCO & NTDC (Pakistan Economic Survey 2011).

6. http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/ene_ele_pow_tra_and_dis_los_of_out-power-

transmissiondistribution-losses-output

7. US Department of Energy ,Survey report (2000)

8. http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2009-03-16-electricity-thefts_N.htm

9.Available: http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm

10. Vehbi C Gungor, Bin Lu and Gerhard P. Hancke, Opportunities and Challenges in

Wireless

11.http://education.lokoi.com/energy-crisis-in-pakistan-word-document

12.http://www.bukisa.com/articles/32120_world-battle-for-energy-crisis
http://www.bukisa.com/articles/32120_world-battle-for-energy-crisishttp://www.bukisa.com/articles/32120_world-battle-for-energy-crisishttp://www.bukisa.com/articles/32120_world-battle-for-energy-crisis


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University of the Gujrat

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