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![Page 1: University of Reading Carbon management programme Opps and Quantification workshop Project Leads: Nigel Hodgson & Denise Shearman Project Sponsors: Prof.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110303/5516b6d4550346f6208b5476/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
University of ReadingCarbon management programme Opps and Quantification workshop
Project Leads: Nigel Hodgson & Denise ShearmanProject Sponsors: Prof Tony Downes & Colin Robbins
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Objectives of today
Identify and prioritise carbon saving opportunities for your HEIUnderstand and practise the quantification processEngage and mobilise the wider team on carbon management
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Workshop agenda
Introductions/backgroundWhere are we now– Baseline– Target
What we can do about it– RAP tool and DECs– Brainstorming & prioritisation– The project process
QuantificationNext steps
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What is Carbon Management?
Technical– Information
– Discipline
– Projects
– Continuous improvement
Organisational– Policy & decision making
– Cultural
– Communications
– Permission to question
The What and the How
Comprehensive action planGood practiceWalking the talkTaking responsibilityMakes financial senseInvolves everyone
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Alignment with hefce
Baseline
Mobilisation and Objective Setting
Carbon Management Plan
Prioritisation of Opportunities
Costing
Opportunities Identification
Target Setting
Implement Plan
Approve Plan
Identification and Quantification
Baseline, Forecasts, Targets
Mobilise Organisation
Baseline
Mobilisation and Objective Setting
Carbon Management Plan
Prioritisation of Opportunities
Costing
Opportunities Identification
Target Setting
Implement Plan
Approve Plan
Identification and Quantification
Baseline, Forecasts, Targets
Mobilise Organisation
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Where are we now?
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HECM6 – the timeline
We are here
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Carbon management status
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Emissions baseline scope
Electricity
Fossil fuels
Buildings
Water
Fleet
Business miles
BA
SELIN
E S
CO
PE
Waste
Commuting
Transport Other
Refrigerant gases
?
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Current carbon projects
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Ideas generation - Sources
Project List(Kept in the CMPR)Existing Projects Site Surveys
Suggestion Schemes
Brainstorming
Baseline Analysis
Carbon Reduction Suggestions
We Need Your Ideas NowDECs & RAP Tool
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Current projects
Make a list of current projectsCHP energy centreWind farmPipework and valve insulationHeating controlsLighting control - solar
Projects identified from previous Carbon Trust surveysHeating zoningEnergy awarenessHigh frequency lightingLED lightingPassive infra red lighting controlAutomatic computer shutdown
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Exercise – Other projects
What other projects are happening at the University that may reduce or increase carbon emissionsIn groups discuss for 5-10 minutes and then feedback
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RAP tool and DECs
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Ideas generation - Sources
Project List(Kept in the CMPR)Existing Projects Site Surveys
Suggestion Schemes
Brainstorming
Baseline Analysis
Carbon Reduction Suggestions
We Need Your Ideas NowDECs & RAP Tool
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Getting the best out of DECs
DECs are not EPCsMeasure of how effectively the building is usedCreate multiple league tables by building type that focus surveys and investmentUse within awareness campaignsBaseline tool helps to rank and prioritise
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Where is the University?
49 buildings currently fall within EPBDAverage DEC score – 116
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Year 2Year 1
Number of DECs
DEC
Rati
ng
Schedule No.
Ref. Building Name Gross internal Area GIA
m2
Year 1 DEC
Rating
Year 2 DEC
Rating
1W059 Agriculture 7,047 131 ‘D’170 'G'
2W030 AMS 7,866 129 ‘F’ 119 'E'
3W135Carrington 2,223 72 ‘C’ 55 'C'
4W006 Chemistry 7,148 120 ‘E’ 146 'F'
5W025 Engineering 3,996 128 ‘F’ 63 'C'
6W050Facilities Management 1,581 126 ‘F’ 92 'D'
7W047 Food Biosciences 8,705 123 ‘E’ 121 'E'
8W084 Foxhill House 1,836 75 ‘C’ 150 'F'
9W049 Geography 1,777 139 ‘F’ 72 'C'
10W005 Geoscience 1,972 126 ‘F’ 141 'F'
12W001 HumSS 13,040 139 ‘F’ 85 'D'
13W071 ICMA Centre 1,482 127 ‘F’ 128 'F'
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Generating ideas
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Ideas generation - Sources
Project List(Kept in the CMPR)Existing Projects Site Surveys
Suggestion Schemes
Brainstorming
Baseline Analysis
Carbon Reduction Suggestions
We Need Your Ideas NowDECs & RAP Tool
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??%
Needs high commitment and commercial /risk management skills
Renewable TechnologiesBiomass boilers, WindSolar thermal, GSHP
Organisational realignmentPolicy change, process review
Design & Asset ManagementLow CO2 new buildProperty rationalisationProcurement changes 10%
Longer term, larger scale
Invest to SaveInsulation and heat recoveryLighting and controlsCombined heat and power (CHP)Plant / fleet replacement
20%Mature technologies, medium investment
Good HousekeepingMetering and TargetingBehaviour change and trainingRegular inspection & Audit
10%Low cost but requires human resources
How can the targets be met?
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
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Inspirational organisations & projects
Lighting controls – University of Edinburgh
Fuel cell CHP - Woking
Fenestration (reducing air leaks) – Derby University
Low Carbon vehicle for VC - Southampton University
Server virtualisation – Sheffield Hallam University
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Inspirational organisations & projects (Continued)
1.5MW wind turbine - Swaffham
Energy awareness campaign – University of Glasgow
Dial4Light scheme - GermanyUniversity of Hertfordshire
Full time travel plan co-ordinatorLimited parking permitsFree park and ride facility University owned bus serviceCar sharing databaseSubsidised local travel for studentsCycling facilitiesWalking promotionInformation
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Inspirational organisations & projects
Stockton-on-Tees• In-house driver training programme for fuel efficiency• Revenue gained from training of external organisations• 10-15% reduction in fuel use for every person trained
Central Bedfordshire• LED replacement for traditional lanterns at end-of-life • Pilot saw ~ 75% reduction in circuit wattage• ¼ year payback for uplift in capital cost
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Individual Vision
What would your place of work be like if you had the power to make it any way you wanted? Where would you work? How would people get to their workplaces? What would the buildings be like?How would you meet with people?What are other people doing?How would teaching/research fit in?What kind of energy would be used for heating? For transportation? For travel? Where would it come from? How would the air, water, and environment be kept clean?
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Our Vision
Our target for 2015/16 is 35% reduction on 2008/09 baselineWhat items on the individual visions can we all get behind?Are there any conflicts? What are the larger hurdles likely to be?
Our current stated vision …
What does this mean?
A vision without a plan is just a dream. A plan without a vision is just drudgery.
But a vision with a plan can change the world
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Brainstorming and prioritisation
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Brainstorming rules
How to get the most out of the session Participation – feel free to speak up Ideas - build on others’ ideas Sharing experiences Reserve judgement NO qualifications Forbidden phrases
“that won’t work because…..”
“we can’t do that because…..”
“that would never be approved…..”
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Brainstorming streams
IT and SystemsWater and EnergyTransportWasteOther
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Ideas Generation - Brainstorming
In your groups, brainstorm any ideas that occur to you across the areas of the scope:
Bear in mind the Organisation’s other relevant strategies
Focus on large baseline factors
Buildings, transport, water, procurement, HR, organisational practices, day-day management, etc
Opportunities
Raise ideas that you have brought with you
What you can do
What would you like to see happen?
Looking for quantity at this stage not quality
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Have generated a long list of ideasShort term
Longer term
Easy wins
Inspirational
Integration
Etc
Need to produce a quantified shortlist and begin to prioritiseStarting right now…
Prioritisation
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Ease & Effect rules
Ease factors to consider:Cost (capital and revenue)Cost (staff time)Staff supportTechnical practicality
987
654
321
Effect factors:• Carbon savings• Galvanising/engaging staff support• Public awareness
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Prioritisation – Ease & Effect Matrix
V. Effective
Moderate
Ineffective
DifficultModerateEasy
EFFECT ON EMISSIONS
EASE OF IMPLEMENTATION
987
654
321
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Quantification
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Key Carbon Saving Opportunities
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Focusing Effort
Important to focus effort to gain best effectDo you know how your organisation’s consumption pattern compares to the sector average?Are there large ‘special’ loads?
2006 HE Sector Carbon Emissions (Hefce Jan 2010)
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Space Heating Opportunities
Improve Building Fabric– Install/ Upgrade Insulation– Double / Secondary Glazing– Draft-Proofing
Install / Optimise Control Systems– Optimum Start– Sequencing– Zoning
Pipe Insulation Boiler UpgradesBoiler Fuel Switching
Breakdown of Energy Use (kWh) in HE buildings (CTV020)
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Lighting Opportunities
Retrofit / Replace FittingsControl Systems– Presence detection
(microwave or infrared)– Lux level switching– Localised well labelled
controls where automation infeasible
– Zoning
Remember to look inside and outside!
Breakdown of Energy Use (kWh) in HE buildings (CTV020)
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ICT Opportunities
Management Software– Auto shutdown software for
non-critical machines
Flat Panel Monitors– 60% savings!
Printer Rationalisation– Centralise
Server Room / Data Centres– Virtualisation– Heat Recovery & Cooling
A large area where energy use is expanding
What will your IT infrastructure look like in 10 years?
Breakdown of Energy Use (kWh) in HE buildings (CTV020)
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Travel Opportunities
What are you including in scope?Travel PlanningFleet Driver Training (Safed)Travel SurveysIncentive Schemes– Bike to Work– Car Sharing
2006 HE Sector Carbon Emissions (Hefce Jan 2010)
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Other Opportunities
Awareness Raising– Potential Savings of
5-10% (CTG001)
Monitoring & Targeting – Potential Savings of
5-12% (CTV027)
Good Practice Maintenance 2006 HE Sector Carbon
Emissions (Hefce Jan 2010)
What activities have you already undertaken?
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RAP tool
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What is the RAP Tool
Rapid Assessment of PotentialConsiders key opportunities around buildings and transportationPacked with data on how to quantify different types of opportunityKey team members have their own assessment sheetIndividual copies returned to PL for collation into tool
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RAP Tool Process
Project Leader will distribute the tool containing baseline dataFor buildings and transport tabs team members complete:– Score each opportunity against applicability and likelihood –
Document any assumptions you make– Identify how easy this project will be (1=Easy / 3 = Hard)– Identify who will take responsibility for the project– Should take approximately of 1-2hours to complete
Return to the Project Leader to collate into the master
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Following The RAP Tool
Project Leader will use master RAP Tool to identify which projects will be further quantified based on ease and effectProject Team members will refine areas identified in the RAP Tool into distinct quantified projectsQuantified Projects will be recorded in the CMPR Tool by PL (to be released in September)
Emission reductions
- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
Baseline emissions(tCO2/yr)
Remaining emissions(tCO2/yr)
Buildings Transport Streetlighting Demand not considered
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The project process
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Pushing projects down the funnel
First ideas
Brainstorm
SWAG
CMP content Detailed Planning
Implementation
£
Cost of tonnes of
CO2 saved
confidence range
Off the head estimate
Using rules of thumb & guidance
Contracted price
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The ‘project’ process
CM
Tin
pu
tO
utp
ut
Existingprojects
RAP
Target (xx%)
RAP
GAPExisting projects
Brainstorm
Projectideas
Long list
Prioritisation
Short list
Ease-Effect
1 m
in
Research
1 h
r
DECs
Quantification
CMPR
1 d
ay
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1 d
ay
The ‘project’ process
CM
Tin
pu
tO
utp
ut
Existingprojects
RAP
Target (xx%)
RAP
GAPExisting projects
Brainstorm
Projectideas
Long list
Prioritisation
Short list
Ease-Effect
1 m
in
Research
DECs
Quantification
CMPR
Improve RAP estimates
1 h
r
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The project process
Initial Prioritisation– Typically should take 1 min per opportunity– RAP combined with Ease and Effect
Project Register Content– 1-2 hour per opportunity– RAP tool refinement – Grouping into larger projects– What questions do you need answering– What assumptions can be made– Using rules of thumb-guides
Approval: including cost – At least 1 day per opportunity
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Minimum for CMP
Initial Prioritisation– Typically should take 1 min per opportunity– RAP combined with Ease and Effect
Project Register Content– 1-2 hour per opportunity– RAP tool refinement – Grouping into larger projects– What questions do you need answering– What assumptions can be made– Using rules of thumb-guides
Approval: including cost – At least 1 day per opportunity
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Ideally for CMP
Initial Prioritisation– Typically should take 1 min per opportunity– RAP combined with Ease and Effect
Project Register Content– 1-2 hour per opportunity– RAP tool refinement – Grouping into larger projects– What questions do you need answering– What assumptions can be made– Using rules of thumb-guides
Approval: including cost – At least 1 day per opportunity
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Basic Quantification Techniques
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Quantification – the basics
Wattage
(kW)
Running time
(Hours)X =
Consumption
(kWh)
Unit price
£/kWh
X
X
Carbon factor
Elec: 0.563
Gas: 0.185
kgCO2/kWh
=
=
Carbon savings
kgCO2
Financial Savings
£
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Quantification – the basics
30 x (60-11)
= 1.470 kW
10 hrs x 5 x 52
= 2,600 hrs
X =3,822
kWh
Unit price
£0.01/kWh
X
X
Carbon factor
Elec: 0.563
kgCO2/kWh=
=
2,152
kgCO2
£38.22
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Moving Beyond RAP
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Beyond RAP
How the RAP tool works– Energy– Carbon– Cost
What now– What assumptions did we
make?– Are they reasonable?– Get specific!!
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RAP Tool Estimate
Total carbon emissions of all buildings = 940 tonnes
Estimated in the RAP Tool that 30% of buildings have BMS systems and 60% have not been optimised (i.e. 30% applicability and 60% likelihood)
The RAP Tool also adds a factor of 50% since the BMS will not cover all of the buildings energy consumption.
The RAP Tool then calculates amount of baseline covered by the opportunity:
940 tonnes x 30% x 60% x 50% = 84.6 tonnes Carbon Trust research shows that a 5% saving in all building fuels so the RAP Tool
calculates the potential carbon saving as:
84.6 tonnes x 5% = 4.23 tonnes (saved)
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Detail Quantification
To complete a detailed quantification you need actual baseline buildings fitted with a BMS.
The 30% of buildings was actually 2 similar buildings. They had a total carbon footprint of 307 tonnes and their BMS hadn’t been optimised.
It was also established the BMS controlled 80% of each building’s energy. The recalculated (detailed) saving was:
307 tonnes x 80% x 5% = 12.28 tonnes (saved)
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Quantifying Projects
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Carbon Trust Publications
CTV020 – HE SectorCTG001 – AwarenessCTV003 – HVACCTV027 – MeteringEGC078 – Sport & LeisureECG019 – Offices CTV021 – Lighting Plus many more . . . ..
www.carbontrust.co.uk
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Quantifying Brainstormed Opportunities
Quantify a selection of brainstormed opportunitiesEither in groups or all together Discuss how you might go about moving it forward
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Next Steps
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Project Definition Template
All projects need to be in the template (Appendix B)Team need to document:– Project Reference– Owner– Department – Description– Benefits– Funding– Resources– Ensuring Success– Measuring Success– Timing– Notes
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CM team actions
Baseline data
– Assist data collection as required
Finalise identity of existing projects
– Let PL know about other projects and owner
– PL compiles list of existing projects
RAP tool
– PL meetings with individual team members to complete tool sections,
CM team Provide general support to the programme by:
– Talking to colleagues
– Direct & indirect support
– Being positive
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Questions . . .
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Thank you
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Raising the Bar
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Raising the Bar
Performing initial quantification on renewables and CHP to reach higher levels of savings
IncludesWindSolar PVBiomass HeatingCombined Heat & Power
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Solar PV - OverviewAssess your options– Building integrated (South facing
at ~35 degrees)
– Ground mount?How sunny is it in your area? Making the business case stack up:– Feed in Tariff– Low Carbon Buildings Programme
Phase 2Get the best panels – 17.4% is available; 20%
imminent with 40% mooted in the next few years
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Solar PhotovoltaicsCalculating Annual Energy Generated
kWh= 750kWh x kilowatt peak– 750kW = Factor based on typical
performance from BIS research– kWp = Maximum theoretical output
kWp = Area / 6.72- Area = space available- 6.72 = Space factor based on
a high efficiency panel
TIP: You should always try and go for the highest efficiency panels (17.4% is about the best at the moment)
Typical cost for solar PV is £5,000/kWp
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Solar PV Exercise
For a large building with 120 sqm of available south facing roof space calculate:
Energy generated each yearTotal revenue based on 15p/kWhTotal carbon savedEstimated cost of installation with 50%
LCBP Phase 2 grant
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Solar PV Exercise Answers
For a large building with 120 sqm of available south facing roof space calculate: :
Energy generated each year
– 13,393 kWhTotal revenue based on 15p/kWh
– £2,009Total carbon saved
– 7 tonnesEstimated cost of installation
– £44,643Update CMPR
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Combined heat and power - Overview
Centralised power generation very inefficientAssessing your CHP opportunities– Large heat load essential – Estimating profiles is
possible, but actual half hourly data is best
– 5,000 running hours minimum
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Combined Heat & Power
Calculating Carbon Saving
Need to calculate the consumption and energy generated (heat and electricity/ power) of the CHP system.
Then use these figures to calculate equivalent outputs from a tradition system (grid electricity, heat from a gas boiler)
Image Courtesy of the Institute of Engineering & Technology
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Combined Heat & Power
CHPElectricity Generated = Peak kWe rating X Hours X Availability
Heat Generated =Electricity Generated X Power : Heat Ratio
Gas Consumed = Electricity generated /CHP efficiency
TraditionalGas Consumed = Heat generated/Boiler Efficiency
TIP:Typical cost for CHP is £800/kWeTypical power to heat ratio =1.2
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CHP Exercise
For a 100kWe CHP with an efficiency of 35% calculate:
Heat Generated by the CHP in a yearAnnual Carbon SavingsAnnual Cost SavingsCapital Cost
Assume the CHP has been sized so it can run at maximum load for 16 hours a day all year but is only available 95% of the year.
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CHP Exercise Answers
Heat Generated by the CHP in a Year663,936 kWh
Annual Carbon Savings164 tCO2
Annual Cost Savings£30,478
Capital Cost£80,000
Update CMPR